CN100378017C - Manufacturing method of glass and glass melting device - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of glass and glass melting device Download PDFInfo
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- CN100378017C CN100378017C CNB2005101272485A CN200510127248A CN100378017C CN 100378017 C CN100378017 C CN 100378017C CN B2005101272485 A CNB2005101272485 A CN B2005101272485A CN 200510127248 A CN200510127248 A CN 200510127248A CN 100378017 C CN100378017 C CN 100378017C
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- venting hole
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 233
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 claims description 167
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005323 electroforming Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 87
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 31
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000005341 metaphosphate group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- -1 metaphosphoric acid compound Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010020852 Hypertonia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910016569 AlF 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis($l^{2}-silanylidene)molybdenum Chemical compound [Si]=[Mo]=[Si] YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021344 molybdenum silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001120 nichrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005432 seston Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B3/00—Charging the melting furnaces
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
To provide a method for manufacturing glass and a glass melting apparatus where glass can be stably melted while supplying powdery glass raw materials. The powdery glass raw materials are supplied in a melting vessel located in a closed furnace, heated and melted and then molten glass is manufactured. The furnace has a raw material supplying part to supply the glass raw materials, openings at the inside and the outside of the furnace and one or more exhausting outlets to exhaust the gas in the furnace to outside. Melting is performed while exhausting the gas generated by heating and melting the glass raw materials from the exhausting outlets.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to use the manufacture method and the glass melting apparatus of the glass of powder shaped frit.
Background technology
As in the melt container of on one side frit being put into the inside that is disposed at the stove that constitutes with refractory brick, the device of melten glass on one side, the known for example special melting plant described in the 2003-335525 communique of opening.
Thereby in order in stove, to dispose melt container heating glass raw material efficiently, must improve the leak tightness of stove, make that the atmosphere temperature in the stove remains on the temperature that is suitable for glass melting.Therefore, the following formation of existing stove: outside the raw material supplying mouth of supplying with frit and the melten glass stream that melten glass is passed out to the stove, airtight furnace inner space.
If the frit that uses the stove of such structure to heat powder shaped makes it fusion, then produce following problem.That is because the frit of powder shaped is different with prior vitrified sheet glass raw material, be the raw material before the vitrifying,, so the reaction during by heating, fusion produces a large amount of gas.Improving in the stove of leak tightness in order to suppress the heat exhaust outside stove, furnace pressure raises owing to a large amount of generations of gas, thereby makes the supply of powder shaped raw material in stove become difficult.
Summary of the invention
The present invention makes in order to address the above problem just, while purpose is to provide a kind of frit that can supply with the powder shaped stably manufacture method and the glass melting apparatus of the glass of melten glass.
The means of reaching above-mentioned purpose are as described below.
[1] a kind of manufacture method of glass includes frit with powder shaped and supplies in the melt container in the stove that is disposed at sealing, thereby the operation of melten glass is made in heating, the aforementioned frit of fusion; It is characterized in that,
Aforementioned stove and accessory has:
Be used to supply with the raw material supplying portion of aforementioned frit, and
Have side opening and stove outer openings in the stove, be used for the gas in the stove is discharged to the outer venting hole more than 1 or 2 of stove,
To discharge from aforementioned venting hole by the heating of aforementioned frit, the gas that fusion produces on one side, Yi Bian carry out aforementioned fusion.
As the manufacture method of [1] described glass, it is characterized in that [2] side opening is arranged at than on the high position of stove outer openings in the aforementioned stove.
[3] as the manufacture method of [1] or [2] described glass, it is characterized in that heating arrangements being arranged in the internal configuration of aforementioned stove.
[4] as the manufacture method of [1] or [2] described glass, it is characterized in that, on one side gas is imported in the aforementioned stove, carry out the supply of the frit of aforementioned powder shape on one side.
As the manufacture method of [1] or [2] described glass, it is characterized in that [5] generation of the gas that generates corresponding to the fusion by aforementioned frit increases and decreases the number of the venting hole of the port area of aforementioned venting hole and/or opening.
As the manufacture method of [1] or [2] described glass, it is characterized in that [6] aforementioned stove is made by refractory brick, and aforementioned venting hole is made of platinum or platinum alloy, perhaps
Aforementioned stove is made by vitrified brick, and aforementioned venting hole is made of the electroforming brick.
[7] a kind of manufacture method of glass, the frit that includes powder shaped supplies in the melt container of sealing, thus the operation of heating, the aforementioned frit manufacturing of fusion melten glass; It is characterized in that,
Aforementioned melt container has:
Be used to supply with the raw material supplying portion of aforementioned frit, and
Have container inside opening and outside of containers opening, be used for the gas in the aforementioned container is discharged to the outer venting hole more than 1 or 2 of container,
Aforementioned container inside opening is positioned on the high position of container outer openings,
To discharge from aforementioned venting hole by the heating of aforementioned frit, the gas that fusion produces on one side, Yi Bian carry out aforementioned fusion.
[8] as the manufacture method of [7] described glass, it is characterized in that, on one side gas is imported in the aforementioned container, carry out the supply of the frit of aforementioned powder shape on one side.
[9] as the manufacture method of any described glass in [1], [2], [7], [8], it is characterized in that, aforementioned glass is the viscosity that shows in the time of 1400 ℃ less than 3dPas, and perhaps aforementioned glass is the glass that has liquidus temperature and show the viscosity below the 35dPas at liquidus temperature.
As the manufacture method of any described glass in claim [1], [2], [7], [8], it is characterized in that [10] aforementioned glass includes B as neccessary composition
2O
3, include SiO as any composition
2, and SiO
2Amount be 0～10% quality.
[11] a kind of glass melting apparatus supplies to the frit of powder shaped in the melt container in the stove that is disposed at sealing, thereby melten glass is made in heating, the aforementioned frit of fusion; It is characterized in that,
Aforementioned stove and accessory has:
Be used to supply with the raw material supplying portion of frit, and
Have side opening and stove outer openings in the stove, be used for the gas in the stove is discharged to the outer venting hole more than 1 or 2 of stove,
Be used for to discharge from aforementioned venting hole by the heating of aforementioned frit, the gas that fusion produces on one side, Yi Bian carry out aforementioned fusion.
As [11] described glass melting apparatus, it is characterized in that [12] side opening is arranged at than on the high position of stove outer openings in the aforementioned stove.
[13] as [11] or [12] described glass melting apparatus, it is characterized in that heating arrangements being arranged in the internal configuration of aforementioned stove.
[14] as [11] or [12] described glass melting apparatus, it is characterized in that aforementioned stove is made by refractory brick, and aforementioned venting hole is made of platinum or platinum alloy, perhaps
Aforementioned stove is made by vitrified brick, and aforementioned venting hole is made of the electroforming brick.
[15] a kind of glass melting apparatus supplies to the frit of powder shaped in the melt container of sealing, thereby melten glass is made in heating, the aforementioned frit of fusion; It is characterized in that,
Aforementioned melt container has:
Be used to supply with the raw material supplying portion of aforementioned frit, and
Have container inside opening and outside of containers opening, be used for the gas in the aforementioned container is discharged to the outer venting hole more than 1 or 2 of container,
Aforementioned container inside opening is positioned on the high position of container outer openings,
Be used for to discharge from aforementioned venting hole by the heating of aforementioned frit, the gas that fusion produces on one side, Yi Bian carry out aforementioned fusion.
According to the present invention, while a kind of frit that can supply with the powder shaped stably manufacture method and the glass melting apparatus of the glass of melten glass are provided.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 represents an example (vertical sectional view) of the glass melting apparatus that can use in the manufacture method of the glass of first scheme of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the sketch chart of the A-A ' horizontal section of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 represents an example (vertical sectional view) of the glass melting apparatus that can use in the manufacture method of the glass of first scheme of the present invention.
Fig. 4 represents an example (vertical sectional view) of the glass melting apparatus that can use in the manufacture method of the glass of alternative plan of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below, illustrate in greater detail the present invention.
[manufacture method of glass]
The manufacture method of the glass of first scheme of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as " method for making I "),
Include frit with powder shaped and supply in the melt container in the stove that is disposed at sealing, thereby and heating, the aforementioned frit of fusion make the operation of melten glass;
Aforementioned stove and accessory has:
Be used to supply with the raw material supplying portion of aforementioned frit; And
Have side opening and stove outer openings in the stove, be used for the gas in the stove is discharged to the outer venting hole more than 1 or 2 of stove;
To discharge from aforementioned venting hole by the heating of aforementioned frit, the gas that fusion produces on one side, Yi Bian carry out aforementioned fusion.
Fig. 1 is an example (vertical sectional view) that can be used in the glass melting apparatus among the method for making I, and Fig. 2 is the sketch chart of the A-A ' horizontal section of Fig. 1.Below, Yi Bian with reference to accompanying drawing method for making I is described on one side.But, method for making I is not limited to scheme shown in the drawings.
The frit that uses in method for making I is to be made of the various powder shaped compounds before the vitrifying.As aforesaid compound, can illustration H
3BO
3, La
2O
3, Gd
2O
3, Y
2O
3, Yb
2O
3, SiO
2, ZrO
2, ZnO, ZnCO
3Deng.
Because the powder shaped frit of Shi Yonging is the raw material before the vitrifying in the present invention, so the reaction during by heating, fusion produces a large amount of gas.Therefore, in method for making I, have in the stove of melting plant, be provided with the raw material supplying portion that is used to supply with frit, and on the position different, be provided with and be used for the gas in the stove is discharged to the outer venting hole of stove with raw material supplying portion in internal configuration.With this, Yi Bian just the gas that can will produce in the stove of sealing is on one side discharged supply, heating, the fusion of carrying out frit outside stove.In addition, in the present invention, so-called " stove of sealing " is meant, when the supply of carrying out raw material glass, heating, fusion, the part of opening in fact is a venting hole.As described later, have in stove except venting hole, the situation of a plurality of peristomes also is set, but because on these peristomes, vent pipe etc. is installed, so can think, when the supply of carrying out raw material glass, heating, fusion, the outflow that comes from the gas of these peristomes is considered as not having in fact, so the stove of such scheme also is contained among the stove of the sealing among the present invention.
Because be high temperature in the stove during glass melting, so aforementioned stove is preferably refractory brick system.As refractory brick, can use the brick of high-temperature vitrified brick, high-temperature sintering high-alumina matter brick etc.The high-temperature vitrified brick is the brick that includes the above aluminum oxide of 60 quality %, the silicon-dioxide more than the 30 quality %, and high-temperature sintering high-alumina matter brick is the brick that has increased the amount of aluminum oxide in order further to improve resistivity against fire.No matter which kind of vitrified brick can use commercially available brick.
As the melting plant that is disposed in the stove, can use known melting plant, for example can use platinum or platinum alloy container made.
The stove that uses in method for making I has: be used to supply with the raw material supplying portion of frit and have in the stove side opening and stove outer openings and be used for the gas in the stove is discharged to stove venting hole outward.
In device as shown in Figure 1, be equipped with on the top of stove 3 and be used for frit is directed to the pipe 6 of melt container 1 and the inside tube 5 of the inboard that is disposed at pipe 6.As the frit of supplying with, can use with the ratio of regulation with the compound blending of multiple powder shaped and mixture.Raw material supplying after this blending by being positioned at the below and utilizing the screw rod 9 of motor 8 with predetermined rotational speed rotation, and is expressed to the inboard of inside tube 5 in raw material supplying mouth 10.Because make screw rod 9 rotations with certain speed, so the feed rate of the time per unit in the inside side pipe of frit is also certain.Screw rod 9 plays the effect of stopping up between raw material supplying mouth 10 and the inside tube 5 with frit.By this effect, just can prevent that raw material supplying gas described later from flowing into this situation of raw material supplying mouth 10 sides.Like this, be arranged at the raw material supplying portion on the stove that in method for making I, uses, just by formations such as raw material supplying mouth, screw rod, inside tube, pipes, as described above, by will stopping up between raw material supplying mouth and the inside tube, just become the inside and the outside formation that is cut off of stove with raw material.
In method for making I, be preferably on one side gas (being called raw material supplying gas) Yi Bian import to the supply of carrying out frit in the stove.Aforementioned base materials supply gas and then be preferably from the direction identical, particularly preferably import in the stove from the path identical with the feed path of frit with the direction of the supply of frit.
In device as shown in Figure 1, raw material supplying gas is put in the stove in mobile mode in pipe with frit.Particularly, under the situation of using device as shown in Figure 1,, a certain amount of gas is flowed down, gas can be imported in the stove thus from flue 7 in the inside of inside tube 5 and the gap between inside tube 5 and the pipe 6.As raw material supplying gas, preferably use dry gas.Supply in the stove if will include the gas of moisture, then the volume of gas sharply expands because gas sharply is heated, thereby may hinder stable raw material supplying.Again, gas supplied is preferably the gas of cleaning.As the kind of gas, can use the mixed gas of air, nitrogen, nitrogen and oxygen etc.By using the mixed gas of air or nitrogen and oxygen, also can obtain following effect: the oxidisability to melten glass is adjusted, thereby prevents that glass is reduced and painted this situation.But, under the situation of gas that uses adding oxygen in air or above-mentioned mixed gas, if the hypertonia of the part of oxygen, the metal that then constitutes melt container for example platinum alloy is etched easily, so should notice that the pressure of oxygen part is exceedingly not high.
Supply to the frit in the inside tube 5, be preferably with the above-mentioned raw materials supply gas, put into the liquid level of the melten glass 2 in the melt container 1 under being disposed at from pipe outlet 6-1 by inside tube 5, then by pipe 6.Because the pressure in the stove uprises by the gas that the frit reaction because of frit produces, so while wish like that as described above to make the raw material supplying gas flow supply with frit.Make raw material supplying gas with frit mobile mechanism, it is very effective carrying out especially in the device of glass melting or the method in the higher stove of stopping property.In addition, preferably, whether no matter raw material supplying gas arranged, stove is interior to be positive pressure with respect to the outer atmosphere of stove.
By raw material supplying gas is flowed continuously, also can prevent following situation: frit is with the pipe plug plug, and perhaps frit disperses in large quantities owing to come from the upstream in the stove.The suitably decision of the flow of raw material supplying gas can access above-mentioned effect with adjusting.
At melt container 1 internal heating, fused glass 2, by the vent pipe 12 on the side, below that is arranged at melt container (for example platinum alloy system), to the clarifying tank of the outside of stove 3, operation slot (all not shown go out) guiding, clarification, stir the back that homogenizes and outside melt container, flow out.In addition, with clarifying tank, operation slot, each groove banded pipe, the effusive pipe of the glass that homogenizes in operation slot also is preferably with the platinum alloy make.
In method for making I, for heat, fusion supplies to the frit in the melt container, and then in order to heat furnace atmosphere and melten glass, is preferably the internal configuration heating arrangements at stove.And then, in method for making I, also can outside stove, dispose heating arrangements.Being disposed at the heating arrangements in the stove, can be the heating source that is disposed in the stove, is disposed at the outer heating arrangements of stove, can be to be disposed at stove to respond to heating unit outward.For example, in device as shown in Figure 1, can removed manage 6, outside venting hole 11 and the vent pipe 12 and have configuration melt container and heating source 4 in the stove of airtight construction substantially.Again, also can dispose melt container 1 and heating source 4 in aforementioned stove, configuring high-frequency produces coil outside stove.
As heating source 4, be preferably and use stable on heating resistor, thereby can the mode of its heating be heated in resistor, to flow through electric current.As aforementioned resistor, can illustration SiC system heating element, the heating element (being called the Kang Taer well heater), the nichrome heating element that constitute by the mixture of molybdenum silicide and aluminosilicate.These heating elements also can use in combination.Wherein,, can stably make the condition of high temperature that is suitable for glass melting for a long time, so be preferably use SiC system heating element especially as above-mentioned heating source if heat by SiC system heating element.As heating source,,,, be not desired therefore then so frit disperses because the atmosphere in the stove is flowed sharp if use for example combustion lamp of the heating source that heats by combustion gases.
In addition, the fire-resistant prepared material by can high-frequency induction heating by platinum alloy etc. constitutes melt container, also can carry out high-frequency induction heating to melt container, thereby carry out glass melting.Under this situation, glass melting apparatus, can constitute and outside stove, have high frequency generation coil and the power supply that feeds electrical power in the aforementioned coil, only carry out the high-frequency induction heating of melt container, also can in stove, dispose heating source as described above, heating and above-mentioned high-frequency induction heating that dual-purpose is undertaken by stove internal heating source.
Heating source requires the heating efficiency that has, is subjected to the influence of the whole specification of device, but does to become and frit in the melt container and melten glass can be heated to 1250～1480 ℃, and the ability that is preferably 1300～1430 ℃ is desired.
If in stove, dispose heating arrangements, then because can direct heating melt container and its content and furnace atmosphere, so, be preferably and in stove, dispose heating arrangements in order to improve heating efficiency.But, if in stove, dispose heating arrangements, use the raw material of powder shaped as frit, the flying of the frit in stove of then swimming may be attached on the heating arrangements, if this flying that adheres to causes the vitrifying reaction, thereby the heating arrangements that then is disposed in the stove may be etched damage.Again, if dispose heating arrangements in stove, then near the temperature the heating arrangements becomes extremely high, bigger with the temperature head of the position of leaving from heating arrangements, temperature inside distributes and becomes big, and convection current becomes sharply in furnace atmosphere, and dispersing of powder shaped raw material becomes more.Like this, in stove, have under the situation of heating arrangements, may produce phenomenon as described above, but by venting hole is set on stove, this effect of pressure in reducing stove, and then also can obtain the seston in the stove (raw material flying) is discharged to outer this effect of stove apace.Thereby method for making I especially, under the situation of configuration heating arrangements, is being an extremely effective means of stably making melten glass in order to improve heating efficiency in stove.
When heating, fusion powder shaped frit, a large amount of gas produces in melt container by the reaction of compound.On stove 3, except venting hole 11, also has several openings portion.But, because on these peristomes configuration pipe 6 or vent pipe 12, in stove, be equipped with under the situation of configuration heating source 4 energy supplied to feed path in the heating source 4, so the peristome that can use for the gas in the stove is discharged to the outside just is arranged at the venting hole 11 on the furnace wall.Because a large amount of gas that produces in stove (be called reaction and generate gas) is discharged to outside the stove from venting hole 11, so do not exist the excessive pressure ground in the stove to improve this situation.Its result, can supply to swimmingly in the melt container 1 that is disposed in the stove from the pipe 6 that is connected with raw material supplying mouth 10 raw materials of compound powder shaped, thereby fusion stably, manufacturing glass, and by the raw material supplying portion of above-mentioned formation being stopped up with frit, just can cut off stove inside and outside, thereby improve the stopping property of stove.
The reaction that produces in stove generates gas, with from flue 7 by managing 6 raw material supplying gases in frit is sent to stove, be discharged to outside the stove from venting hole 11.Because stove is that minimal mode becomes air-tight state except vent pipe and venting hole with the heat exhaust outside stove, so extreme temperatures in the stove is even exist frit will cause the such high temperature of glass melting reaction near venting hole as long as become.Therefore, the convection current fierceness of furnace atmosphere, the powder shaped part of raw materials is dispersed in stove, the major part of the raw material that disperses, the exhaust pathway in stove arrives venting hole 11, thereby is attached on venting hole 11 inwalls.If the raw material that disperses is attached on venting hole 11 inwalls, then causes frit reaction, thereby may cause the danger of the glass attack of the molten state that being etched property of venting hole is higher.In order to reduce and prevent the erosion of such venting hole, the venting hole inwall is preferably by platinum or platinum alloy and constitutes at least.And then be preferably venting hole integral body and constitute by platinum or platinum alloy.Because platinum or platinum alloy also use as the material of melt container, have high erosion resistance and thermotolerance, so also can reduce the erosion of venting hole inwall significantly even the raw material that disperses adheres to, causes frit reaction.
On the other hand, if venting hole by formations such as vitrified bricks, thereby then have the glass of molten state to invade the risk that in the small pore of brick venting hole is etched.If continue glass melting with such state, then the shape of venting hole, size gradually change, thereby the port area of the stove with airtight construction is changed.Consequently, even carry out glass melting under certain condition, the amount of dispersing of raw material also changes owing to the delicate variation of furnace pressure, and perhaps melt temperature is owing to the heat exhaust outside stove changes, it is unstable that thereby the supply of frit becomes, and perhaps melting condition changes.And, following risk is arranged: the problem of changes such as the optical characteristics of the glass that generation is produced etc.And if then the erosion of venting hole continues, following risk is then arranged: the structure of body of heater produces distortion, thereby is difficult to melten glass under stable status.
If it is remarkable that the erosion of venting hole becomes, then must stop to produce, repairing stove, thereby productivity reduces, but because can be by constituting venting hole inwall at least with platinum or platinum alloy, and reduce the erosion of venting hole significantly, so more stable operation becomes possibility.
And then, because by constituting venting hole inwall at least with platinum or platinum alloy, venting hole is difficult to be etched, so can further the pressure in the stove be remained necessarily, thereby the supply conditions of frit is stabilization more, again because also the heat exhaust that comes from the stove further can be remained necessarily, so its result can make the optical characteristics stabilization more of the glass of specific refractory power etc.
Constituting with platinum or platinum alloy under the situation of venting hole inwall or integral body, near the stove inwall in the stove side opening also constitutes with platinum or platinum alloy also can.In addition, also can consider to constitute whole inboard wall of furnace body, but must use the extremely platinum or the platinum alloy material of high price in large quantities with platinum or platinum alloy, thus and it is unrealistic.
In addition, stove is being done to become under the situation of vitrified brick system, with platinum or platinum alloy constitute venting hole inwall or integral body also can, constitute with the electroforming brick and also can.Because the electroforming brick is better than vitrified brick on erosion resistance, so, just can more reduce the erosion of venting hole than the venting hole work being become and the body of heater situation of vitrified brick system similarly by venting hole being made to become electroforming brick system.The electroforming brick is compared more high price, but is in a ratio of at a low price with platinum class material, thereby this advantage of easy use is arranged with vitrified brick.But, aspect the erosion resistance of melten glass, be preferably and use platinum class material.Understood after this point, it is desired separately using the material that constitutes venting hole.For example, in each glass melting of aftermentioned glass A～E, the use of stove with venting hole of platinum or platinum alloy system is desired.
The electroforming brick is almost not have pore, fine and close hard brick.It is preferably the brick of aluminum oxide, zirconium white, silicon-dioxide being made to become principal constituent, can use commercially available brick.
With respect to the erosion resistance of vitrifying reactant, uprise successively with the order of vitrified brick＜electroforming brick＜platinum or platinum alloy.Therefore, if with the material manufacturing the easiest venting hole that be etched higher, then can improve the weather resistance of equipment integral than the material erosion resistance that constitutes stove integral body.Therefore, in method for making I, being preferably stove is refractory brick system, and venting hole is made of platinum or platinum alloy, and perhaps stove is a vitrified brick system, and venting hole is made of the electroforming brick.
For the corrosion that reduces or prevent to cause because of dispersing of frit, side opening is preferably and is arranged at than (below, be also referred to as " flare ") on the high position of stove outer openings in the stove of venting hole.Be provided with such venting hole glass melting apparatus an example (vertical sectional view) as shown in Figure 3.In the device shown in Figure 3, the formation beyond the venting hole is identical with device as shown in Figure 1.
Such as described above, if the raw materials of compound of the powder shaped of dispersing is attached on the venting hole inwall, then cause the vitrifying reaction in stove.At this, if side opening is arranged at and the equal height of stove outer openings in the stove, perhaps side opening is arranged at than (being also referred to as " interior oblique ") on the low position of stove outer openings in the stove, following risk is then arranged: the material of vitrifying reaction flows to furnace bottom from the sidewall of stove, thereby corrodes the sidewall or the furnace bottom of stove.With respect to this, as shown in Figure 3, if the venting hole flare, then because the flow of matter of vitrifying reaction outside stove, so can reduce or prevent the erosion of the stove that causes because of above-mentioned substance.
In addition, the venting hole on the stove is set, shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 (a) like that, be from the outstanding structure of stove inwall and furnace outer wall also can, shown in Fig. 3 (b) like that, be not from the furnace wall outstanding structure also can.But, in order as described later the dirt settling of venting hole inwall to be removed, be preferably from the venting hole of the outstanding structure of furnace sidewall.
The flare angle does not limit especially, is preferably with respect to the horizontal plane to become 1～45 °.By with above-mentioned angle flare, just the material of vitrifying reaction can be discharged smoothly to the outside.
Again, the length of venting hole is not if then limit especially more than the thickness of furnace wall.But,, then there is the resistance when the exhaust to increase if long, thus the risk that exhaust efficiency reduces.On the other hand, if too short, thus the risk of the flow of matter of vitrifying reaction to outside, furnace wall erosion furnace outer wall then arranged.Thereby, in method for making I, be preferably the length of considering the problems referred to above and determining venting hole.
The shape that is arranged at the venting hole on the stove does not limit especially, but consider the material of vitrifying reaction is discharged this point outside stove, being preferably the bottom is the venting hole of groove shape, more preferably the bottom has the venting hole of circular arc, and then consider the venting hole of drum more preferably from the aspect of intensity.
In as Fig. 1 and device example shown in Figure 2, venting hole is arranged in top 4 sides' 4 places of stove inwall side.But, in the present invention, the number of venting hole does not limit especially, be arranged at 1 place also can, be arranged at many places and also can.The position of venting hole as shown in Figure 1, is preferably the higher position of stove inner side-wall.
With the adjustment of the outer pressure reduction of stove, exhaust capacity is changed in number by venting hole, the port area of venting hole, the stove.Pressure in the stove changes according to the generation and the exhaust capacity of the reaction generation gas of time per unit.Increase if previous reaction generates the generation of gas, thereby furnace pressure rises, the supply of the frit situation of difficult that becomes is then arranged.At this moment,, thereby raw material is pressed into melt container in the stove forcibly, then is absorbed in pressure in the stove this poor circulation that further rises if improve the pressure of raw material supplying gas.For fear of such situation, generate the increase and decrease of the generation of gas corresponding to previous reaction, and the port area of increase and decrease venting hole, perhaps increase and decrease the number of the venting hole of opening, perhaps with the increase and decrease combination of the number of the venting hole of the increase and decrease of the port area of venting hole and opening, thereby the adjustment furnace pressure is desired.
Under adhering to of the raw material that disperses of venting hole inwall significant situation, remove dirt settling thereby be preferably the thermal exhaust hole again.Pine in aforementioned adding, can use the mechanism of heating etc. by the oxygen hydrogen lamp.Under the situation that venting hole integral body constitutes by platinum or platinum alloy, also can come the venting hole heating of switching on by flowing through electric current again.
In addition, if make the port area of venting hole exceedingly increase number greatly or exceedingly, thereby then, can not heat efficiently the heat exhaust outside stove because increasing, perhaps can not make the furnace atmosphere temperature rise to melt temperature, be desired so in the scope that furnace pressure can be maintained above-mentioned appropriate state the port area of venting hole or number are done to become inferior limit.
The generation of reaction generation gas changes according to the composition of fused glass.
Below, to contain B
2O
3Glass be example, illustrate that reaction generates gas.
In order to import B as glass ingredient
2O
3, use H usually
3BO
3Raw material.If consider heating H
3BO
3Raw material makes its decomposition, generates B
2O
3With H
2O, then H with respect to 2 moles
3BO
3Raw material imports 1 mole B
2O
3As glass ingredient, generate 3 moles water vapour.That is, if B
2O
3The import volume increase then the generation of water vapour increase.Though different because of other composition, but containing B
2O
3Glass melting in, the major part that reaction generates gas is a water vapour.Thereby, if form and change B in order to change glass
2O
3Import volume, then the reaction amount that generates gas also changes.Contain B
2O
3Glass, based on the opticglass purposes, in various purposes, play important effect, the common B that contains
2O
3Glass, B
2O
3Amount be the scope of 10～45 quality % roughly.If compare B
2O
3Amount be the manufacturing of the glass of 10 quality %, with B
2O
3Amount be the manufacturing of the glass of 45 quality %, then because at B
2O
3Amount on 4.5 times poor arranged, so if the speed that raw material decomposes is certain, it is about 4.5 times poor then also to produce on the reaction of the water vapour generation of time per unit and then time per unit generates the generation of gas.Exhaust capacity at the glass melting apparatus that uses is certain, and this exhaust capacity is set at the B that is suitable for including 10 quality %
2O
3The situation of glass melting under, produce following risk: at the B that includes 45 quality %
2O
3Glass melting in, uprise to the excessive pressure in the stove, thereby be absorbed in previously described poor circulation.Therefore, the function of the effective vent area that glass melting apparatus is had change venting hole, thus will be suitable for including the B of 10 quality %
2O
3The effective vent area of venting hole of glass melting become 4 times to 5 times, include the B of 45 quality %
2O
3Glass melting get final product.At this, the effective vent area of so-called venting hole is the port area that is meant venting hole under 1 the situation at venting hole, is meant the total of the port area of each venting hole under venting hole is a plurality of situation.In order to change the port area of venting hole, throttling function is set in venting hole or function that the part make venting hole closes etc. is set and get final product.Under a plurality of situations that have a plurality of venting holes, as the mechanism that changes effective port area, baffle plate (shutter) is set on venting hole thus the number of setting the venting hole of closing baffle plate gets final product.For example, 4 venting holes that port area is equated are arranged at the four directions on stove inner side-wall top, baffle plate are set on therein 3.At the B that includes 10 quality %
2O
3Glass melting in, close 3 venting holes that have baffle plate, at the B that includes 45 quality %
2O
3Glass melting in, open all baffle plates make 4 whole openings of venting hole.By being provided with such function,, thereby can carry out the supply of stable frit even the variation of glass composition also can remain furnace pressure necessarily or be roughly certain.Like this, be preferably, in glass melting apparatus, the changeable mechanism of the effective vent area of venting hole be set, in aforementioned changeable mechanism, based on the kind of gas, glass production amount etc. and set the variable range of effective port area.
More than, to contain B
2O
3Glass melting be that example is illustrated, but with regard to the glass of other composition, also based on the kind of the gas that produces, glass production amount etc., based on same consideration set the exhaust capacity of stove, the number of venting hole gets final product.
Method for making I is suitable for by the particularly manufacturing of the glass that constitutes of the frit of vitrified brick of easy erosion refractory brick.Such glass is the glass that shows lower viscosity under the condition of high temperature.For example, if thereby the frit that disperses is attached on the venting hole that is made of vitrified brick and causes frit reaction, and then the glass of molten state invades in the pore of brick.The viscosity of glass is low more, and is easy more to the intrusion of pore, and consequently, the erosive velocity of brick also accelerates.Especially, show less than the low viscous glass of 3dPas or have liquidus temperature and show at this liquidus temperature under the situation of the low viscous glass below the 35dPas at 1400 ℃, the erosion of brick is more remarkable.Again, even contain B
2O
3Glass because and SiO
2Amount be 0～10 quality % glass similarly, under molten state, have low viscosity, so also corrode brick significantly.And then, because include the glass of alkaline metal oxide, invade the pore of brick, what corrode brick organizes self, so be eager to excel than the effect of above-mentioned low viscous glass attack brick, low viscosity and the glass that includes alkaline metal oxide are to the further grow of the erosion action of brick.Thereby method for making I is preferred as the method for making of following glass:
(1) at 1400 ℃ of glass (being called glass A) that show less than the viscosity of 3dPas,
(2) there is liquidus temperature, shows viscosity (being called glass B) below the 35dPas at aforementioned liquidus temperature,
(3) include B as neccessary composition
2O
3, include the SiO of 0～10 quality % as any composition
2Glass (being called glass C), wherein include the SiO of 0～7 quality %
2Glass, particularly include the SiO of 0～5 quality %
2Glass,
(4) be glass A and be the glass (being called glass D) of glass C,
(5) be glass B and be the glass (being called glass E) of glass C,
(6) include the glass A of alkaline metal oxide,
(7) include the glass B of alkaline metal oxide,
(8) include the glass C of alkaline metal oxide,
(9) include the glass D of alkaline metal oxide,
(10) include the glass E of alkaline metal oxide.
In addition, be 10 with glass A at the lower limit of 1400 ℃ of medium viscosities
-2DPas, glass B are 10 at the lower limit of liquidus temperature medium viscosity
-1DPas is that standard is considered to get final product.
Method for making I includes under the situation of frit of boric acid and rare-earth oxide in use also be preferred.If the raw material of powder shaped disperses, the raw material that then supplies in the melt container correspondingly reduces.Include in use under the situation of frit of boric acid and rare-earth oxide, because the difference of boric acid and rare-earth oxide proportion is bigger, so the amount of dispersing of boric acid is different with the amount of dispersing of rare-earth oxide.The blending of considering the difference of this amount of dispersing and carrying out raw material gets final product, if but thereby the erosion of the venting hole supply conditions of proceeding raw material changes, the quantitative changeization of dispersing of then above-mentioned boric acid raw material and rare-earth oxide raw material is even can not obtain the composition of target glass by above-mentioned blending adjustment.According to method for making I, because can prevent the erosion of venting hole, the supply conditions of raw material can be done become certain, so, also can stably make glass with target composition, characteristic even include in use under the situation of the bigger boric acid of the difference of proportion and the frit of rare-earth oxide.The glass that obtains if use included the frit of boric acid and rare-earth oxide is as glass F, and then method for making I is preferred as any glass of making above-mentioned glass A～E and the method for glass F.
In addition, compare with the device that constitutes venting hole with the electroforming brick, the device that has the venting hole of platinum or platinum alloy system more is suitable for the fusion of above-mentioned glass A～F.
The manufacture method of the glass of alternative plan of the present invention (below, be also referred to as " method for making II ",
The frit that includes powder shaped supplies in the melt container of sealing, thereby and the aforementioned frit of heating, fusion make the operation of melten glass; It is characterized in that,
Aforementioned melt container has:
Be used to supply with the raw material supplying portion of aforementioned frit, and
Have container inside opening and outside of containers opening, be used for the gas in the aforementioned container is discharged to the outer venting hole more than 1 or 2 of container,
Aforementioned container inside opening is positioned on the high position of container outer openings,
To discharge from aforementioned venting hole by the heating of aforementioned frit, the gas that fusion produces on one side, Yi Bian carry out aforementioned fusion.
Fig. 4 represents to be used in an example (vertical sectional view) of the glass melting apparatus among the method for making II.Below, Yi Bian with reference to accompanying drawing method for making II is described on one side.But, method for making II is not limited to the represented scheme of accompanying drawing.
In Fig. 4, it is vent pipe 12 direct-connected structures that melt container 1 ' becomes with the pipe 6 that links to each other with raw material supplying mouth 10, venting hole 11, the relief outlet of melten glass being discharged from melt container.And 6 constitute raw material supplying portion from raw material supplying mouth 10 to pipe.At this, melt container 1 ', promptly melt cylinder 1 ', venting hole 11, vent pipe 12 are preferably by platinum or platinum alloy and make.
With regard to the details and function of inside tube 5, pipe 6, flue 7, motor 8, screw rod 9, raw material supplying mouth 10, as described in the explanation of method for making I.Again, with regard to regard to the raw material supplying gases of managing 7 supplies, also as described in the explanation of method for making I.
In the melt container that in method for making II, uses, be provided with and have container inside opening and outside of containers opening, be used for the gas in the container is discharged to the outer venting hole of container.Thus, the reaction that produces can be generated gas in melt container and be discharged to outside the container, so can prevent the hypertonia of internal tank.Consequently, the frit of powder shaped stably can be supplied in the melt container.In addition, in the present invention, so-called " melt container of sealing " be meant, with the explanation of stove among the previous method for making I similarly, the part of opening in fact only is a venting hole when the supply of carrying out raw material glass, heating, fusion.As shown in Figure 4, on melt container, except above-mentioned venting hole, also has peristome, but because on these peristomes, vent pipe etc. is installed, so can think, when the supply of carrying out raw material glass, heating, fusion, the outflow that comes from the gas of these peristomes is considered as not having in fact, so the melt container of such scheme also is contained among the melt container of the sealing among the present invention.
The container inside opening of venting hole, as shown in Figure 4, be arranged on the high position of container outer openings (below, be also referred to as " flare ").The discharge gas inlet of venting hole is positioned to be exported on the high position, come from attached to the volatile matter of the melten glass on the venting hole inwall or be attached to disperse raw material heating, fusion on the venting hole inwall, the glass of Xing Chenging descends in venting hole, is discharged to outside the container thus, can prevent that it is blended in the melten glass that is stored in the melt container.
Because it is different to be attached to the composition of the composition of the glass on the venting hole inwall melten glass interior with being stored in container, the glass or the volatile matter that are attached on the venting hole inwall are foreign matter (different substances) concerning melten glass.Because such foreign matter sneaks into, cause the optical characteristics of the specific refractory power of the glass made or dispersion etc. just to depart from from target value, thus the reduction of the quality of glass.With respect to this,, just can prevent that such quality from reducing according to method for making II.The dirt settling that the shape work of venting hole becomes the venting hole inwall is discharged to outside the melt container reliably, and the nonclogging shape of venting hole gets final product.
The flare angle does not limit especially, with respect to the horizontal plane becomes 1～45 ° but be preferably.By with above-mentioned angle flare, just the material of vitrifying reaction can be discharged smoothly to the outside.
Again, the length of venting hole does not then limit more than the thickness of (in Fig. 4 not shown go out) especially if the furnace wall.But, if long, the resistance when then exhaust being arranged increases, the risk that exhaust efficiency is reduced.On the other hand, if too short, thus then there is the flow of matter of vitrifying reaction to go up the risk that corrodes container outer wall to the wall of container outside.Thereby, in method for making II, be preferably the length of considering the problems referred to above and determining venting hole.
The shape that is arranged at the venting hole on the melt container does not limit especially, be the venting hole of groove shape but the material of vitrifying reaction being discharged to container outside bottom being preferably, more preferably the bottom has the venting hole of circular arc, and then consider the venting hole of drum more preferably from the aspect of intensity.
The heating of melt container 1 ' can be carried out in the following manner: container is for example made to become platinum or platinum alloy system and the heating of switching on is perhaps heated by the exterior arrangement calorifier at container.Perhaps also can power supply be connected in supply capability on the aforementioned coil, carry out thereby carry out high-frequency induction heating by producing coil at the external container configuring high-frequency.And then, also can carry out the heating of melt container 1 ' by aforementioned each heating method of dual-purpose.
Method for making II except each glass that illustrates, also is suitable for fusion, makes fluophosphate glass in method for making I.Under the situation of fusion fluophosphate glass,, can use fluorine cpd and metaphosphoric acid compound etc. as the powder shaped raw materials of compound.For example, as fluorine cpd, can use AlF
3, MgF
2, CaF
2, SrF
2, YF
3Deng, as the metaphosphoric acid compound, can use Al (PO
3)
3, Ba (PO
3)
2Deng.Thereby weighing, the mixture of concocting these compounds can be put into and make its fusion in the melt container 1 ' that is heated to about 800～1000 ℃.But, the metaphosphoric acid compound decomposes when fusion, produces the free phosphorus that shows than strong reducing action, thereby the risk of the melt container 1 ' that corrodes platinum or platinum alloy system is arranged.In order to prevent such erosion, hope in the bottom of melt container 1 ', be about to frit and put into position in the melten glass, from under the oxidizing gas that oxygen is such supply to the melten glass (not shown go out), thereby make free phosphorus oxidation apace by boiling (bubbling bubbling).Like this, just can on the basis of high productivity, make high-quality fluophosphate glass by the powder shaped raw material.
In addition, with regard to other item or preferred scheme etc., I is same with method for making.
In method for making I, II one of any, all be preferably frit is supplied in the melt container continuously again.And then be preferably, frit is supplied in the melt container continuously, thereby melten glass is made in heating, fusion, and the melten glass that obtains is discharged from relief outlet (vent pipe) continuously.Its reason is that the continuous production of glass is possible, and under the situation that reaction generation gas produces at work all the time, above-mentioned effect is bigger.
In method for making I, II, to in melt container, deliver to after the clarifying tank clarification by the fused melten glass, delivering to steel basin homogenizes, flow out from outlet pipe again, be cast into mold, perhaps the glass of regulation component is separated and supply to mould, thereby press forming just can obtain the glass shaping body that is made of the glass with desirable shape and characteristic with this.
Method for making I and method for making II are suitable for the manufacturing of opticglass.Especially, as the method for the amplitude of fluctuation that is used for making continuously specific refractory power (nd), be preferred for ± 0.00050 glass.
Under the situation of fusion opticglass,, can make the optical element of lens or prism etc. by processing above-mentioned molding or heating once more, press forming or the processing molding of heating, press forming once more.
The variation of the specific refractory power (nd) of the opticglass that obtains like this can be controlled at ± 0.00050 in.
[glass melting apparatus]
The glass melting apparatus of the present invention that can in method for making I, use (below, be also referred to as " device I "),
The frit of powder shaped is supplied in the melt container in the stove that is disposed at sealing, thereby melten glass is made in heating, the aforementioned frit of fusion; It is characterized in that,
Aforementioned stove and accessory has:
Be used to supply with the raw material supplying portion of frit, and
Have side opening and stove outer openings in the stove, be used for the gas in the stove is discharged to the outer venting hole more than 1 or 2 of stove,
Be used for to discharge from aforementioned venting hole by the heating of aforementioned frit, the gas that fusion produces on one side, Yi Bian carry out aforementioned fusion.
The glass melting apparatus of the present invention that can in method for making II, use (below, be also referred to as " device II "),
The frit of powder shaped is supplied in the melt container of sealing, thereby melten glass is made in heating, the aforementioned frit of fusion; It is characterized in that,
Aforementioned melt container has:
Be used to supply with the raw material supplying portion of aforementioned frit, and
Have container inside opening and outside of containers opening, be used for the gas in the aforementioned container is discharged to the outer venting hole more than 1 or 2 of container,
Aforementioned container inside opening is positioned on the high position of container outer openings,
Be used for to discharge from aforementioned venting hole by the heating of aforementioned frit, the gas that fusion produces on one side, Yi Bian carry out aforementioned fusion.
The details of said apparatus I, as described in the previous method for making I, the details of device II is as described in the previous method for making II.Such as described above, by using appts I or device II, thereby glass is made in heating, fused raw material glass, just can stably make high-quality glass continuously.
Embodiment
Then, illustrate in greater detail the present invention by embodiment.
Use constitutes venting hole glass melting apparatus integral body, that have structure as shown in Figure 1 with the platinum alloy, and manufacturing opticglass 1～5 as shown below is totally 5 kinds of glass.
The frit of the powder shaped that will concoct corresponding to the composition of above-mentioned glass fills up raw material supplying mouth 10.Supply to the frit of raw material supplying mouth 10, deliver in the inside tube 5, thereby it is inner and supply in the melt container continuously with raw material supplying gas to pass pipe 6 by the rotation of screw rod 9.In addition, the raw material that extrudes by screw rod 9 plays the effect that the high-temperature gas that prevents in the stove flows into raw material supplying mouth 10 1 sides.
Raw material supplying gas uses highly purified drying nitrogen, but air is purified by strainer etc., thereby and by its dry use also can.
The feed rate of the feed rate of the frit of time per unit and raw material supplying gas is 1 ton according to the turnout of the melten glass of every day and sets.
When the manufacturing of opticglass 1, the baffle plate of 4 venting holes is all open, from full venting hole discharge gas stove on one side, carry out fusion on one side.
When the manufacturing of opticglass 2, with the flapper closure of 1 venting hole, from 3 venting holes discharge gas stoves on one side, carry out fusion on one side.
When the manufacturing of opticglass 3 and 4, with the flapper closure of 2 venting holes, from 2 venting holes discharge gas stoves on one side, carry out fusion on one side.
When the manufacturing of opticglass 5, with the flapper closure of 3 venting holes, from 1 venting hole discharge gas stove on one side, carry out fusion on one side.
Glass in the melt container delivered in the not shown clarifying tank that goes out clarifies, then deliver to homogenize in the not shown steel basin that goes out after, it is flowed out with certain speed from outlet pipe.
Under the state that can regard constant (stablizing) state like this as, each glass of the molten state of opticglass 1～5 is cast in the mold, be configured as tabular, cut off in length and breadth after the annealing, thereby make a plurality of cubical sheet glass section, specified dimension that are called as.
If measure the specific refractory power (nd) of these sections, then with each opticglass similarly, the amplitude of fluctuation of specific refractory power (nd) all closes at ± 0.00050 in, the value of Abbe number (vd) is also all consistent with above-mentioned value.
In order to use these to cut into slices to make the optical element of lens, prism etc., to section apply grinding, attrition process also can, necessary, also can apply the grinding that cylinder ground or be used to make surface smoothingization to section, heat once more, soften and press forming.For the press forming product, necessary, apply grinding, attrition process also can.
The optical characteristics of making a plurality of specific refractory poweres etc. like this is certain and high-quality optical element.
Then, as shown in Figure 3, use the glass melting apparatus that the venting hole of platinum alloy system is installed to flare on vitrified brick system side wall of furnace, come fusion, make above-mentioned each opticglass.Each opticglass, the amplitude of fluctuation of specific refractory power (nd) all is accommodated in ± 0.00050 in, the value of Abbe number (vd) is also all consistent with above-mentioned value.Because venting hole is installed under above-mentioned state, thus the body of heater that the glass of molten state does not flow out to outside the stove, can not corrode furnace bottom etc. in venting hole, become, thus can carry out above-mentioned glass melting, manufacturing for a long time.
In addition, in the present embodiment, use the device that constitutes venting hole with the platinum alloy to carry out the manufacturing of glass, but replace the platinum alloy and use platinum also can.
Again, compare with the venting hole of platinum or platinum alloy system, shorter as the life-span of device, but in the device of the venting hole that has electroforming brick system, also can carry out the manufacturing of above-mentioned opticglass.
In addition, in the above-described embodiments, also can produce coil, this coil is connected in make its generation high frequency on the power supply with mode configuring high-frequency with the outer encirclement of stove, thus the melt container of high-frequency induction heating platinum alloy system.
Then use glass melting apparatus as shown in Figure 4, come fusion, make fluophosphate glass.Melt container, vapor pipe, vent pipe are platinum alloy systems, and venting hole is installed in the mode of state oblique outside becoming.Put in the melt container continuously from managing 6 raw materials of compound that will include the powder shaped of metaphosphate raw material again.Come the heating and melting container by being disposed at the external heated device, thus the heating, molten raw.Under the pipe 6 bottom melt container, the unshowned oxygen relief outlet of Fig. 4 is arranged, make from here in the melten glass of oxygen in being stored in melt container and seethe with excitement.The powder shaped raw material that will include the metaphosphate raw material supplies in the melt container with raw material supplying gas, puts into the boiling position.Because being free phosphorus, the decomposition product of metaphosphate raw material passes through boiling and oxidation apace, so can prevent the erosion of the container that causes because of free phosphorus.Because the gas that generates by frit reaction is discharged to outside the container by venting hole with raw material supplying gas, so the pressure in the container can not become too high.
Like this, can stably make fluophosphate glass in the less mode of the amplitude of fluctuation of specific refractory power or Abbe number.
Industrial applicibility
According to the present invention, can utilize the powder shaped frit stably to make high-quality glass Glass.
Claims (15)
1. the manufacture method of a glass includes frit with powder shaped and supplies in the melt container in the stove that is disposed at sealing, thereby the operation of melten glass is made in heating, the aforementioned frit of fusion, it is characterized in that,
Aforementioned stove and accessory has:
Be used to supply with the raw material supplying portion of aforementioned frit; And
Have side opening and stove outer openings in the stove, be used for the gas in the stove is discharged to the outer venting hole more than 1 or 2 of stove;
To discharge from aforementioned venting hole by the heating of aforementioned frit, the gas that fusion produces on one side, Yi Bian carry out aforementioned fusion.
2. the manufacture method of glass as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, side opening is arranged at than on the high position of stove outer openings in the aforementioned stove.
3. as the manufacture method of claim 1 or 2 described glass, it is characterized in that heating arrangements being arranged in the internal configuration of aforementioned stove.
4. as the manufacture method of claim 1 or 2 described glass, it is characterized in that, on one side gas is imported in the aforementioned stove, carry out the supply of the frit of aforementioned powder shape on one side.
5. as the manufacture method of claim 1 or 2 described glass, it is characterized in that the generation of the gas that generates corresponding to the fusion by aforementioned frit increases and decreases the number of the venting hole of the port area of aforementioned venting hole and/or opening.
6. as the manufacture method of claim 1 or 2 described glass, it is characterized in that aforementioned stove is made by refractory brick, and aforementioned venting hole is made of platinum or platinum alloy, perhaps,
Aforementioned stove is made by vitrified brick, and aforementioned venting hole is made of the electroforming brick.
7. the manufacture method of a glass, the frit that includes powder shaped supplies in the melt container of sealing, thus the operation of melten glass is made in heating, the aforementioned frit of fusion, it is characterized in that,
Aforementioned melt container has:
Be used to supply with the raw material supplying portion of aforementioned frit; And
Have container inside opening and outside of containers opening, be used for the gas in the aforementioned container is discharged to the outer venting hole more than 1 or 2 of container;
Aforementioned container inside opening is positioned on the high position of container outer openings,
To discharge from aforementioned venting hole by the heating of aforementioned frit, the gas that fusion produces on one side, Yi Bian carry out aforementioned fusion.
8. the manufacture method of glass as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, on one side gas is imported in the aforementioned container, carry out the supply of the frit of aforementioned powder shape on one side.
9. as the manufacture method of any described glass in the claim 1,2,7,8, it is characterized in that, aforementioned glass is the glass that shows in the time of 1400 ℃ less than the viscosity of 3dPas, perhaps, aforementioned glass is the glass that has liquidus temperature and show the viscosity below the 35dPas in liquidus temperature.
10. as the manufacture method of any described glass in the claim 1,2,7,8, it is characterized in that aforementioned glass includes B as neccessary composition
2O
3, include SiO as any composition
2, and SiO
2Amount be 0～10 quality %.
11. a glass melting apparatus supplies to the frit of powder shaped in the melt container in the stove that is disposed at sealing, thereby melten glass is made in heating, the aforementioned frit of fusion, it is characterized in that,
Aforementioned stove and accessory has:
Be used to supply with the raw material supplying portion of frit; And
Have side opening and stove outer openings in the stove, be used for the gas in the stove is discharged to the outer venting hole more than 1 or 2 of stove;
Be used for to discharge from aforementioned venting hole by the heating of aforementioned frit, the gas that fusion produces on one side, Yi Bian carry out aforementioned fusion.
12. glass melting apparatus as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, side opening is arranged at than on the high position of stove outer openings in the aforementioned stove.
13., it is characterized in that heating arrangements being arranged as claim 11 or 12 described glass melting apparatus in the internal configuration of aforementioned stove.
14. as claim 11 or 12 described glass melting apparatus, it is characterized in that aforementioned stove is made by refractory brick, and aforementioned venting hole is made of platinum or platinum alloy, perhaps,
Aforementioned stove is made by vitrified brick, and aforementioned venting hole is made of the electroforming brick.
15. a glass melting apparatus supplies to the frit of powder shaped in the melt container of sealing, thereby melten glass is made in heating, the aforementioned frit of fusion, it is characterized in that,
Aforementioned melt container has:
Be used to supply with the raw material supplying portion of aforementioned frit, and
Have container inside opening and outside of containers opening, be used for the gas in the aforementioned container is discharged to the outer venting hole of container,
Aforementioned container inside opening is positioned on the high position of container outer openings,
Be used for to discharge from aforementioned venting hole by the heating of aforementioned frit, the gas that fusion produces on one side, Yi Bian carry out aforementioned fusion.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004338483A JP4478553B2 (en) | 2004-11-24 | 2004-11-24 | Glass manufacturing method and glass melting apparatus |
| JP2004338483 | 2004-11-24 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1792901A CN1792901A (en) | 2006-06-28 |
| CN100378017C true CN100378017C (en) | 2008-04-02 |
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| CNB2005101272485A Expired - Fee Related CN100378017C (en) | 2004-11-24 | 2005-11-24 | Manufacturing method of glass and glass melting device |
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| CN (1) | CN100378017C (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE102007008299B4 (en) | 2006-08-12 | 2012-06-14 | Schott Ag | Process for the preparation of glasses, whereby the chemical reduction of constituents is avoided |
| KR20120038921A (en) * | 2009-06-19 | 2012-04-24 | 아사히 가라스 가부시키가이샤 | Vacuum degassing device for molten glass and method for producing molten glass using same |
| JP5756340B2 (en) * | 2011-05-24 | 2015-07-29 | 興亜硝子株式会社 | Glass melting apparatus and glass melting method |
| CN102849919B (en) * | 2012-06-14 | 2015-04-08 | 湖北新华光信息材料有限公司 | Optical glass preparation furnace |
| JP7099847B2 (en) | 2018-03-28 | 2022-07-12 | 日本電気硝子株式会社 | Glass manufacturing method and glass manufacturing equipment |
| CN108793684B (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2023-07-21 | 中建材玻璃新材料研究院集团有限公司 | Foam discharging device for liquid inlet channel of electronic display glass platinum channel |
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| JP2003335525A (en) * | 2002-03-12 | 2003-11-25 | Nippon Electric Glass Co Ltd | Apparatus for supplying glass raw material |
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| JP4017832B2 (en) * | 2001-03-27 | 2007-12-05 | Ｈｏｙａ株式会社 | Optical glass and optical components |
| JP2003183031A (en) * | 2001-12-18 | 2003-07-03 | Nippon Electric Glass Co Ltd | Electric melting furnace for manufacturing glass fiber and method of melting glass for glass fiber |
| JP4315633B2 (en) * | 2002-02-28 | 2009-08-19 | Ｈｏｙａ株式会社 | Glass manufacturing method |
| JP2004091307A (en) * | 2002-07-10 | 2004-03-25 | Nippon Electric Glass Co Ltd | Method for producing glass |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1126179A (en) * | 1994-09-12 | 1996-07-10 | 普拉塞尔技术有限公司 | Fixed bed filtering preheater system for high temperature process furnances |
| CN1152547A (en) * | 1995-08-23 | 1997-06-25 | 波克股份有限公司 | Method for preparing high-pureness carbon dioxide |
| JPH1059727A (en) * | 1996-08-20 | 1998-03-03 | Nippon Electric Glass Co Ltd | Glass melting furnace |
| CN1244332A (en) * | 1996-12-12 | 2000-02-09 | 梅尔特兰公司 | Process and apparatus for partitioning and thermal treatment of heterogeneous feedstock |
| JP2003335525A (en) * | 2002-03-12 | 2003-11-25 | Nippon Electric Glass Co Ltd | Apparatus for supplying glass raw material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2006143549A (en) | 2006-06-08 |
| JP4478553B2 (en) | 2010-06-09 |
| CN1792901A (en) | 2006-06-28 |
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