CN100377945C - 带功率分支变速装置的机动车传动系运行控制方法及装置 - Google Patents

带功率分支变速装置的机动车传动系运行控制方法及装置 Download PDF

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CN100377945C
CN100377945C CNB2004100020497A CN200410002049A CN100377945C CN 100377945 C CN100377945 C CN 100377945C CN B2004100020497 A CNB2004100020497 A CN B2004100020497A CN 200410002049 A CN200410002049 A CN 200410002049A CN 100377945 C CN100377945 C CN 100377945C
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transmission system
speed ratio
converter speed
motor vehicle
speed
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CN1521044A (zh
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梅尔廷·福内姆
米夏埃尔·罗伊舍尔
克里斯蒂安·劳因格
弗伦茨·比策
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Luke Asset Management Co ltd
Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/66Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
    • F16H61/662Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members
    • F16H61/66254Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members controlling of shifting being influenced by a signal derived from the engine and the main coupling
    • F16H61/66259Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members controlling of shifting being influenced by a signal derived from the engine and the main coupling using electrical or electronical sensing or control means
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47LDOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L13/00Implements for cleaning floors, carpets, furniture, walls, or wall coverings
    • A47L13/10Scrubbing; Scouring; Cleaning; Polishing
    • A47L13/20Mops
    • A47L13/24Frames for mops; Mop heads
    • A47L13/254Plate frames
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H37/0846CVT using endless flexible members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H2037/0866Power split variators with distributing differentials, with the output of the CVT connected or connectable to the output shaft
    • F16H2037/0873Power split variators with distributing differentials, with the output of the CVT connected or connectable to the output shaft with switching, e.g. to change ranges
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H59/00Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/14Inputs being a function of torque or torque demand
    • F16H59/18Inputs being a function of torque or torque demand dependent on the position of the accelerator pedal
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H59/00Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/36Inputs being a function of speed
    • F16H59/38Inputs being a function of speed of gearing elements
    • F16H59/42Input shaft speed
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S477/00Interrelated power delivery controls, including engine control
    • Y10S477/904Control signal is acceleration
    • Y10S477/905Acceleration of throttle signal

Abstract

本发明涉及用于控制具有驱动发动机及带多个可无级调节的变速比范围的功率分支变速装置的机动车传动系运行的方法,在这些变速比范围之间在预定的范围转换变速比时进行转换,在该方法中确定一个至少与驾驶踏板位置及机动车速度相关的给定发动机转速,及确定和调节与给定发动机转速及机动车速度相应的变速装置变速比,其中当实际变速装置变速比与范围转换变速比之间的差值小于一个极限值时,使确定给定发动机转速所使用的驾驶踏板位置对时间的变化值和/或给定发动机转速对时间的变化值滤波。

Description

带功率分支变速装置的机动车传动系运行控制方法及装置
技术领域
本发明涉及用于控制具有驱动发动机及带多个可无级调节的变速比范围的功率分支变速装置的机动车传动系的运行的方法及装置,其中在这些变速比范围之间在预定的范围转换变速比时进行转换。
背景技术
带有可无级调节变速比的变速装置在轿车中不仅由于它可能实现的驾驶舒适性而且由于可能的能耗下降愈来愈受到欢迎。它的输出功率通常受到无级变速器的转矩传递能力及变速比扩展范围的限制。该无级变速器(Variator)例如是以锥盘-接触装置变速器的形式构成的,它具有两个锥盘对,一个接触装置、例如一个平环链环绕在这两个锥盘对上。变速比的调节通过锥盘对的锥盘之间距离的反向变化实现。另一形式的无级变速器是摩擦轮变速器,其中轮或盘或其它的滚动体相互碾滚的有效半径改变。
已公知,这种具有可连续调节的变速比的变速装置这样地增大其扩展范围(Spreizungsbereich),即通过功率分支来工作。在此,无级变速器的变速比范围在两个彼此相邻的变速比范围中反向地过渡,以使得变速装置可实现相对无级变速器的变速比增大的扩展变速比。
在这种功率分支变速装置的变速比范围之间转换时的一个问题在于摆动地或不稳定的范围转换,这例如在当机动车传动系的范围转换期间或稍后时,例如在向高换挡后由驾驶踏板收回将导致一个状态,在该状态中刚才在预定范围转换变速比上发生的范围转换又被取消。通过在范围转换时机动车的冲击可能发生对操作驾驶踏板的脚的反馈,由此使摆动增强。
在自动变速装置上已公知,使用具有滞后的转换特性曲线来抑制这种摆动转换。这在具有多个可无级调节的变速比范围的功率分支的变速装置中是不可能的,因为在变速比范围之间的转换在预定转换变速比上必然地在两个方向上进行。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于,在带多个可无级调节的变速比范围的功率分支变速装置中避免摆动的范围转换。
该任务将通过一种用于控制具有驱动发动机及带多个可无级调节的变速比范围的功率分支变速装置的机动车传动系运行的方法来解决,在这些变速比范围之间在预定的范围转换变速比时进行转换,在该方法中确定一个至少与驾驶踏板位置及机动车速度相关的给定发动机转速,及确定和调节与给定发动机转速及机动车速度相应的变速装置变速比,其中当实际变速装置变速比与范围转换变速比之间的差值小于一个极限值时,使确定给定发动机转速所使用的驾驶踏板位置对时间的变化和/或给定发动机转速本身滤波。
因此,根据本发明在范围转换变速比附近减小了驾驶踏板位置和/或给定发动机转速对时间的变化。
有利的是,在预定量值内的踏板值变化以预定的时间常数滤波及使踏板值变化的超过预定量值的部分不被滤波地保持。
在根据本发明方法的一个优选实施形式中,当实际变速装置变速比与范围转换变速比之间的差值小于一个极限值时,用于确定给定发动机转速所使用的机动车速度对时间的变化被滤波。
上述本发明的任务还通过一种用于控制具有驱动发动机及带多个可无级调节的变速比范围的功率分支变速装置的机动车传动系运行的装置来解决,其中在这些变速比范围之间在预定的范围转换变速比时进行转换,该装置包括:一个用于确定一个至少与驾驶踏板位置及机动车速度相关的给定发动机转速的装置;及一个用于调节变速装置变速比的装置,它这样地调节,即使得实际发动机转速接近给定发动机转速;这些装置被这样地构成,以使得它们按照上述一项方法工作。
附图说明
下面将借助概示的附图通过例子及其它的细节来描述本发明。附图为:
图1:具有控制装置的一个功率分支变速装置的框图,
图2:根据图1的变速装置的变速比与无级变速器变速比的关系,
图3:用于说明根据图1的变速装置的离合器的转换状态的换挡表,及
图4:用于说明根据本发明的控制方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
根据图1,一个未示出的内燃机的曲轴2通过一个起动离合器4与总体用8标示的一个功率分支变速装置的驱动轴6相连接,该变速装置的从动轴用10表示。曲轴2及从动轴10上的箭头表示:当它们被未示出的内燃机驱动时通过该变速装置的转矩通量的方向。
该变速装置8包括一个耦合式传动装置(Koppelgetriebe)12及一个具有第一锥盘对16与第二锥盘对18的无级变速器14。第一锥盘对与无级变速器的一个输入轴20无相对转动地连接,第二锥盘对18与无级变速器的一个输出轴22无相对转动地连接。
驱动轴6无相对转动地与作成简单行星齿轮传动装置的耦合式传动装置12相连接。支承在支座24上的行星齿轮26与内齿圈28的内齿相啮合,该内齿圈可转动地与所述输入轴20相连接。
行星齿轮26还与一个太阳轮30的第一齿部分啮合,该太阳轮在图示的例子中构成该耦合式传动装置的输出齿轮及和一个与中间轴32无相对转动地连接的中间齿轮34啮合。该中间轴32在功能上与无级变速器14并联地设置。中间齿轮34与一个同输出轴22无相对转动地连接的齿轮36相啮合。
中间轴32在输出侧通过一个离合器K1无相对转动地与一个离合器齿轮38相连接,后者与一个驱动齿轮40啮合,该齿轮40与从动轴10无相对转动地相连接。
输入轴20可通过一个离合器K2无相对转动地与从动轴10相连接。
无级变速器的输出轴22通过一个离合器KR无相对转动地与一个倒车齿轮42相连接,后者被设置用于机动车的倒车驱动。通过所述变速装置的各个部件产生的变速比各用i及一个所属的下标表示。
图2表示变速装置8的总变速比iges与无级变速器变速比ivar的关系。如所看到的,当变速装置的变速比iges从高到低时无级变速器变速比ivar首先从高向低过渡,以便在达到转换变速比iu后从低向高在相反方向上过渡。
图3给出了离合器的一个操作图表。
在倒车行驶的情况下,离合器KR闭合及离合器K1及K2打开。
在空挡位置中所有离合器均打开。
在级D-low(高变速比)上,离合器K1闭合及离合器KR及K2打开。在级D-high(低变速比)上,离合器KR及K1打开及离合器K2闭合。
为了控制该变速装置,设有一个总体用50表示的电子控制装置,它以本身公知的方式包括一个带有所属程序存储器及数据存储器的微处理机。电子控制装置50的输入端总体用52表示,它们连接到:一个用于检测驾驶踏板56的位置的驾驶踏板传感器54;一个用于检测机动车速度、例如车轮速度或从动轴速度10的速度传感器58;一个用于检测操作单元62的位置的传感器60,借助该操作单元可在不同的驾驶级和/或驾驶程序之间作出选择;一个用于检测驱动发动机的转速的转速传感器64及其它未示出的传感器,例如用于检测驱动轴6的转速、输入轴20的转速、输出轴22的转速的传感器,用于检测离合器K1,K2及KR的位置的传感器等。
电子控制装置50的总体用66表示的输出端连接到:内燃机的一个功率调节单元68;一个用于控制无级变速器的压力室中的压力以调节其变速比的致动器70;用于操作离合器K1,K2及KR的致动器72,74及76及可能的其它致动器。
上述范围的结构及功能其本身是公知的及由此不再详细说明。
如从图2中可看到的,该变速装置在一个精确确定的总变速比下进行两个变速比范围D-low及D-high之间的调节,在该变速比下,当离合器K1闭合和/或离合器K2闭合时,整个变速装置8的相同的总变速比iu(在图示例子中约为4.8)正好对应于一个确定的无级变速器变速比ivar(例如约为0.4)。
已公知,电子控制装置50这样地构成:在一个功能组件80中根据驾驶踏板56的位置α及机动车速度VF 58确定一个给定发动机转速nsoll或给定变速比isoll,及在一个与功能组件80双向通信的功能组件82中通过调节无级变速器14及需要时通过离合器K1及K2的转换这样地调节变速装置的变速比iges,使得调节出给定发动机转速nsoll或给定变速比isoll
当在图2中,例如由于驾驶踏板的慢慢返回较持久地调节变速装置的变速比iges,当达到范围转换变速比iu时,离合器K1打开及离合器K2闭合。如果正好在转换变速比iu的范围中时,驾驶踏板又被强操作,由此导致变速比iges向高值改变,以使得范围转换瞬间地取消。这将导致摆动转换,即其中重复地进行彼此短暂相继的范围转换,这将对舒适性及变速装置的寿命产生不利影响。
为了抵制这种摆动振荡,可如图4中所示地处理:
根据该程序,在步骤90中电子控制装置确定节气门的位置α,机动车速度VF及变速装置或无级变速器的实际变速比iist
在步骤92中,系统检验:实际变速比与转换变速比iu的差是否小于一个极限值。如果该情况为是的话,则在步骤94中检验:驾驶踏板位置α对时间的变化dα/dt是否大于一个踏板阈值PS。如果该情况为是的话,则在步骤96中在一个预定时间间隔中恒定地保持该踏板值。接着,在步骤98中计算发动机的给定转速nsoll。然后在步骤100中由机动车速度及发动机给定转速计算变速装置的给定变速比isoll。在步骤102中在isoll的方向上改变变速装置变速比或将其调节到isoll上。
接着该系统回到步骤90。
如果在步骤92上确定出:实际变速比与转换变速比iu的差别是大于极限值GW的一个值,则该系统直接跳到步骤98。
如果在步骤94上确定出:驾驶踏板位置α对时间的变化小于踏板阈值PS,则该系统也跳到步骤98。
通过踏板值α的平滑或短时恒定地保持可实现:该系统有足够的时间用于稳定的范围转换,该转换例如在100ms的数量级中进行。
步骤94及96构成了踏板值α的滤波,它可用各种方式来实现。例如,在步骤96中该踏板值α-对于从一个特性曲线区中读出发动机给定转速Usoll时将使用该踏板值α,该发动机给定转速与机动车速度VF及踏板值α相关-这样地被滤波,即低于每0.5秒5度的踏板值跳动被滤波,踏板值跳动超过5度的部分不被滤波地通过。由此将作到:由小幅值的踏板值快速变化引起的摆动震荡能被可靠地抑制;及另一方面,该系统能可靠及快速地响应大的踏板值变化。滤波α值的另一例子是,在满足步骤92的判据的情况下,在一个大于离合器转换所需时间的预定时间间隔期间原则上恒定地保持α值。在此,滤波判据和/或保持时间间隔可以同iist与iu的相差的值相关。此外,可对iist与iu的偏差或对α的时间变化在符号或方向上求值,以致仅当踏板值的变化引起在转换变速比iu之上进行的变速比调节时,才进行α的滤波。
步骤94及96的一个变换的构型可具体作为“滤平的平均值”来实现:
α _ neu = α n + n - 1 n · α ‾ alt
在此,可在任何时候通过参数n的变化进行不同强度的滤波;例如根据dα/dt(步骤94):
在该例中仅是踏板快速地踩到底(“Kick-down”)时才会无阻碍及无延迟地通过步骤94及96,而所有其它类型的踏板操作会被很强地滤平。
步骤92的判据可为这样的:给定变速比iist与转换变速比iu的偏差小于2%至10%,有利地小于5%。也可使用无级变速器的变速比来取代该变速装置的变速比。
在本方法的一个变更的实施形式中对踏板值附加地或取代踏板值地对机动车速度VF滤波,它与α相似地通过特性曲线区可直接影响待计算的发动机给定转速。此外,当存在步骤92的判据时,发动机给定转速对时间的变化被限制在1.000转/min/s上。
上述方法总体地将导致:变速装置如通常那样动态地跟随驾驶踏板的跳跃式变化。仅当在转换期间驾驶踏板快速运动时,可能出现变速装置延迟例如0.1至0.5秒地跟随驾驶踏板的操作,以便可靠地结束转换及如果需要的话取消转换。
应当理解,根据本发明,也可取代驾驶踏板信号,对其它信号,如表明驾驶员的驱动功率或机动车加速度要求的信号进行滤波。
可以理解,图1中所示的功率分支变速装置仅是示范性的及本发明可用于所有类型的功率分支变速装置,在这些功率分支变速装置中两个可无级调节的变速比范围之间是通过至少一个离合器的操作来转换的。

Claims (5)

1.用于控制具有驱动发动机及带多个可无级调节的变速比范围的功率分支变速装置的机动车传动系运行的方法,在这些变速比范围之间在一个预定的范围转换变速比时进行转换,在该方法中确定及调节一个至少与驾驶踏板(56)的位置及机动车速度相关的给定发动机转速或与给定发动机转速及机动车速度相应的给定变速装置变速比,其中当实际变速装置变速比与范围转换变速比之间的差值小于一个极限值时,使确定给定发动机转速或给定变速比所使用的驾驶踏板位置对时间的变化和/或给定发动机转速对时间的变化降低。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,在一个预定量以内的踏板值变化被强滤波及该踏板值变化的超过该预定量的部分被较少滤波地保持。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,当实际变速装置变速比与范围转换变速比之间的差值小于一个极限值时,用于确定给定发动机转速所使用的机动车速度对时间的变化被滤波。
4.根据权利要求2的方法,其特征在于,当实际变速装置变速比与范围转换变速比之间的差值小于一个极限值时,用于确定给定发动机转速所使用的机动车速度对时间的变化被滤波。
5.用于控制具有驱动发动机及带多个可无级调节的变速比范围的功率分支变速装置的机动车传动系运行的装置,在这些变速比范围之间在预定的范围转换变速比时进行转换,该装置包括:一个用于确定一个至少与驾驶踏板(56)位置及机动车速度相关的给定发动机转速的装置(80);及一个用于调节变速装置变速比的装置(82),所述调节使得实际发动机转速接近给定发动机转速;这些装置的构造使得它们按照权利要求1至4中一项所述的方法工作。
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