Background technology
Existing electric power supply system is by each user's power supply to the one's respective area of platform district transformer.Each household user's power consumption can be by house lead in ammeter record.By long-term relevant practice and further investigation, applicant is recognized, because each user's power consumption summation should be suitable with the electric energy of platform district transformer output in theory, therefore, for the supervision and management of science is carried out in electric power supply, be necessary when grasping each ammeter continuous data, the electric flux output of platform district transformer is monitored in real time, thereby can realize stealing, the real-time monitoring of improper situations such as electric leakage, excessive line loss, improve power supplying efficiency whether existing.
Retrieval finds that application number is that the Chinese patent application of CN95113716.6 discloses a kind of administrating system for low voltage carrier electric power, and this system contains data acquisition unit (meter reading terminal) that is useful on the copy reading ammeter and the concentrator that is used to receive copy reading collector data.The signals collecting end of meter reading terminal is by the external ammeter of interface circuit, and its signal output part is of coupled connections by carrier modulation demodulator circuit and supply line; The signal receiving end that contains the microprocessor concentrator is of coupled connections by carrier modulation demodulator circuit and supply line.Power carrier machine for receiving and emitting message has wherein adopted the mode of secondary modulation, secondary demodulation, and primary modulation realizes that with software corresponding secondary demodulation is realized with circuit.This patented claim preferably resolves the concentrated copy reading problem of electric supply meter, yet but fails to realize the actual measurement supervision to the output of platform district transformer electric energy, let alone has effectively controlled.
In addition, analyse in depth as can be known, also there is following weak point in above prior art:
1, this system does not have main website, can only image data, do not possess the data management analysis function;
2, secondary demodulation fundamentally still is the mode of frequency regulation modulating data, when the undesired signal amplitude is bigger than signal amplitude, can not successfully transmit data (if guarantee the success ratio of communication, just must strengthen transmitted power, the result will exceed standard to the interference that electrical network produces);
3, data collection station is gathered the mode of ammeter data by summation pulse, and pulse signal transmits on long distance of wire to be lost easily.
Understand according to the applicant, other the electric flux remote gathering system collection of just having gathered distribution transformer monitoring and large user's ammeter electric flux at present, can not directly gather the electric flux of transformer leading-out terminal, can not be directly by the low pressure carrier wave copy reading and monitor resident's ammeter.In addition, existing this type systematic also has a lot of unreasonable parts at aspects such as the on-the-spot ammeter of dynamic monitoring, accurate Calculation platform district line losses.Therefore, often there is following problem in actual use:
1, system's construction cost height--build the electric flux remote gathering system, the scene needs installing terminal and radio equipment, can obtain distribution transformer monitoring data and large user's electric energy meter data.As gathering the electric flux of transformer leading-out terminal, need to increase ammeter of installation.As passing through low pressure carrier wave copy reading resident ammeter, this type systematic can't be realized at present.
Build residential electricity consumption low pressure carrier wave long-distance meter-reading system, the on-the-spot data that need installation acquisition terminal, carrier wave concentrator and radio equipment, can obtain resident's ammeter.Detect data as obtaining distribution transforming, need to increase installation distribution transformer monitoring terminal; As gathering the electric flux of transformer leading-out terminal, need to increase ammeter of installation.
2, resource can not be shared--and the copy reading of resident's ammeter and management, the running status of distribution transforming, large user's the management of power use, the line loss situation of platform district transformer all are very important concerning power marketing department, relatively independent system makes field data not share, use very loaded down with trivial detailsly, be difficult to satisfy the needs of modern management.
3, channel resource waste--relatively independent system, channel can not be shared, and increases systematic running cost and uses.
Summary of the invention
Fundamental purpose of the present invention is: at the shortcoming of above prior art existence, a kind of remote management system for ammeter data that can have platform district transformer leading-out terminal generated energy acquisition and resident's ammeter copy reading function is simultaneously proposed, thereby really realize the centralized automatic meter-reading and the management of power use, provide convenience for power supply department improves power supplying efficiency.
Further aim of the present invention is: propose a kind of remote management system for ammeter data that can realize platform district transformer output electric energy Long-distance Control.
In order to reach above primary and foremost purpose, remote management system for ammeter data of the present invention comprises following ingredient:
--be used for the meter reading terminal of copy reading ammeter data, its signals collecting end is by the external ammeter of interface circuit, and its signal output part is of coupled connections by carrier modulation demodulator circuit and supply line;
--be used to receive and upload the concentrator of copy reading terminal data, wherein the signal receiving end of microprocessor is of coupled connections by carrier modulation demodulator circuit and supply line, and the communication terminal of microprocessor is connected with remote channel by communication interface;
--as the computing machine of administrative center main website, its communication terminal is connected with the concentrator communication by remote channel (public telephone network PSTN, GPRS, GSM, Ethernet, wireless station etc.);
Improvements are:
--described concentrator also contains the transformer electric energy acquisition module that is made of current sampling circuit and voltage sampling circuit;
--described current sampling circuit is three groups of differential type circuit, and the current transformer in each group is exported with the three-phase of platform district transformer respectively and is of coupled connections, and its signal output part is changed by A/D, connects the respective signal input end of microprocessor;
--described voltage sampling circuit contains voltage transformer (VT), the primary coil of described voltage transformer (VT) connects the output terminal of platform district transformer by the divider resistance of series connection with it, the secondary of described voltage transformer (VT) is in parallel with sampling resistor, its signal output part is changed by A/D, connects the respective signal input end of microprocessor.
Like this, as long as increase the limited sample circuit of cost, just can make the microprocessor of concentrator give full play to its effectiveness, both can be in real time or periodically the mode copy reading by power line carrier from the data of meter reading terminal, the electric flux of measurable again district's transformer leading-out terminal, the running status of monitoring transformer, and relevant data is transferred to main website, so that in time pass through data processing, pinpoint the problems, realize collection and the platform district transformer electric energy acquisition and the monitoring function of long-range ammeter data, make things convenient for the electrical management of power marketing department greatly.
In order to reach above further purpose, remote management system for ammeter data of the present invention also contains switching value output and executive circuit, the I/O mouth of described microprocessor is of coupled connections by photoelectrical coupler by driving circuit and executive circuit, and described executive circuit contains supply line's on-off controller spare.Therefore, concentrator can accept to manage the instruction of central master station, and supply line is realized Long-distance Control.
In a word, system of the present invention had both realized the computer remote communication with the administrative center main website, again by transformer electric energy acquisition module and switching value output and executive circuit, with power line carrier is main channel, realized transformer monitoring control in centralized automatic meter-reading He Tai district is combined, remedy the shortcoming of existing system, can improve the electrical management level of power marketing department greatly.
Embodiment
Embodiment one
The remote management system for ammeter data of present embodiment as shown in Figure 7, mainly due to the meter reading terminal that is used for the copy reading ammeter, be used to receive and upload the concentrator of copy reading and platform district transformer data and constitute as the computing machine of administrative center main website.Meter reading terminal can be used the same device of various existing carrier data transmission, and its signals collecting end is by the external ammeter of interface circuit, and its signal output part is of coupled connections by carrier modulation demodulator circuit and supply line.Contain microprocessor in the concentrator, the signal receiving end of this microprocessor is of coupled connections by carrier modulation demodulator circuit and supply line, and communication terminal is connected with remote channel by communication interface.Master station computer can be purchased PC etc. on the market, and its communication terminal is connected with the concentrator communication by Ethernet (also can according to actual conditions, by public telephone network PSTN, GPRS, GSM, wireless station).
The basic structure of concentrator mainly is made up of power circuit, microcontroller circuit, external communication interface circuit, carrier wave coupled circuit, electric energy acquisition module and electrical network parameter monitoring module, switching value output and simulated measurement input circuit and display circuit as shown in Figure 1.Microcontroller circuit wherein is made of 32-bit microprocessor chip and peripheral hardware clock, ram memory cell thereof.The external communication interface circuit comprises parallel MODEM interface, RS232 interface, RS485 interface, infrared interface, GPRS/GSM interface and the Ethernet interface that is connected with microprocessor, therefore have good adaptability, can be by comprising that network is connected interior various communication connected modes and is connected with master station computer is long-range.The serial line interface of carrier wave port is of coupled connections by three-phase carrier wave coupled circuit and three phase line through the carrier modulation demodulator circuit in the microprocessor, and the microprocessor in the microcontroller circuit passes through electric energy acquisition module and electrical network parameter monitoring module connection electric transmission line as the serial line interface of communication terminal.In addition, the I/O mouth of microprocessor and A/D port are respectively by switching value output and external control and the monitoring device of needing of simulated measurement input circuit.
U9 can be PHILIPS, the three magnitude companies 32-bit microprocessor chip based on the ARM kernel in the microcontroller circuit shown in Figure 2, select for use this type of CPU can be on the basis of low-cost and power consumption the faster stronger data-handling capacity of acquisition.External clock reference is made up of crystal oscillator XT1, capacitor C 32 and C33, resistance R 21, and this clock source can obtain the internal clocking up to 320MHz by the PLL (phaselocked loop) of CPU inside.JP1 is the JTAG debugging interface of microprocessor, is used to make things convenient for the debugging of program.U6 is the microprocessor monitors chip that has the hand-reset function, for example SP708SCN etc.By U6 is core, with the reset circuit of K3, R14, C18, R15, N1, R16, R19, N2, R18 composition microprocessor.Wherein, reseting controling end 8 pin of microprocessor monitors chip U6 connect the base stage of two triode N1, N2, and the collector of two triodes connects reset terminal 135 and 43 pin of microprocessor chip U9 respectively thus.LED1 is used for the state of indication reset.
Fig. 3 is the carrier communication part--be modulation-demodulation circuit and three-phase carrier wave coupled circuit schematic diagram.For saving cost, the modulation-demodulation circuit of this concentrator has only adopted a slice carrier modulation demodulation chip U8, communication terminal 34,35 pin of this carrier modulation demodulation chip U8 connect with the corresponding port of microprocessor chip respectively, its signal receiving end by Sheffer stroke gate U11 respectively with three-phase carrier wave coupled circuit in the carrier wave transtation mission circuit switch and to be connected, its signal receiving end by analog switch U18 respectively with three-phase carrier wave coupled circuit in the carrier wave receiving circuit switch and to be connected, so as to realizing that switched carrier sends and carrier wave reception separate.
The circuit of the collection A phase 50Hz synchronizing signal that is made of photoisolator U10, commutation diode D27, resistance R 24-R26, capacitor C 18, B is mutually just the same with A with C testing circuit mutually mutually.This circuit has been realized the separate function in the on-the-spot meter reading terminal place of the exclusive judgement of this concentrator.It all is that the negative edge of the separate 50Hz signal at the place begins that the each carrier wave of on-the-spot meter reading terminal sends, and can just can to judge the on-the-spot meter reading terminal place that says the word according to the time of receiving on-the-spot meter reading terminal order and ABC three-phase synchronous signal separate for concentrator like this.J7 is I SP (in-system programming) interface of carrier modulation demodulation chip U8.
T4, T5, T7 are respectively ABC three-phase carrier wave pickup coil, and corresponding circuit is respectively that ABC three-phase carrier wave receives transtation mission circuit.With A is that example is illustrated mutually, and B can analogize mutually with C mutually.
The power line carrier signal of carrier wave coupled circuit is by line of electric force A (B, C), L input, be coupled to voltage instantaneous through coupling capacitance C25, coupling transformer T4 and restrain device D29, and then process resistance R 30, capacitor C 27 and C28, inductance L 3, diode D32 and D33, capacitor C 31 are coupled to the signal amplification circuit of being made up of resistance R 32-R35, capacitor C 32, triode N8, constitute the carrier wave receiving circuit, be connected to carrier modulation demodulation chip U8 by analog switch U18A switching.The output signal APSK_OUT of carrier modulation demodulation chip U8 is by Sheffer stroke gate U11A, through capacitor C 29 and C30, resistance R 15 and R31, voltage stabilizing diode D20 and D30, and triode N1, N2, N5, N6, the amplifying circuit that diode D16, D28 constitute, be coupled to pickup coil T4 through capacitor C 26, be coupled to line of electric force through capacitor C 25 again and get on, constitute the carrier wave transtation mission circuit thus.
Fig. 4 is three-phase electric weight and electrical network parameter collecting part--be electric energy acquisition module and electrical network parameter monitoring module circuit theory diagrams.U2 is that U2 is connected swap data by the SPI interface with the microprocessor communication as the dsp chip (for example ADE7758) of the band A/D conversion of high precision three phase electrical parameters and electric quantity acquisition chip among the figure.U1 is the serial nonvolatile memory, can be ferroelectric FRAM or EEPROM.U1 is used to store the setting value when proofreading and correct ABC three-phase Acquisition Circuit and measuring accuracy, when behind each system blackout, re-powering like this, microprocessor reads the data of preserving in the U1, and data are write the unit that is provided with of U2, and makes U2 at once according to precision collection and the calculating parameter proofreaied and correct.U1 and U2 design is in the same place, the collection plate of every concentrator can be exchanged, and do not influence precision.Current transformer L1, resistance R 1, R2, R3, R16, and capacitor C 1, C2 form A phase differential type current sampling circuit, B is mutually just the same with A with C current sampling circuit mutually mutually.Adopt the differential type sample circuit to provide hardware foundation for concentrator can calculate the four-quadrant reactive energy.Connect with divider resistance R4, R4, R7, R9, R11 in the former limit of voltage transformer (VT) T1, connect the transformer output of platform district, the T1 secondary is in parallel with sampling resistor R6, R8, and meets filter capacitor C7 by resistance R 10, form A phase voltage sample circuit, B is mutually just the same with A with C voltage sampling circuit mutually mutually.The corresponding port of three phase electrical parameters in above electric energy acquisition module and the electrical network parameter monitoring module and electric quantity acquisition chip is the platform district transformer by the external to be collected and monitoring of differential type current sampling circuit and voltage sampling circuit respectively.Like this, be input to the three-phase voltage and the current signal of concentrator by collection, electric quantity acquisition module in the concentrator can accurate Calculation be put into effect the electric energy data of district's transformer output, comprise forward and reverse meritorious electric weight, four-quadrant capacity of idle power, integral point gain merit capacity of idle power, day meritorious capacity of idle power, month meritorious capacity of idle power etc.
In the switching value output and simulated measurement input circuit of Fig. 5, switching value output channel totally three tunnel, three road hardware are just the same, and the microprocessor chip I/O mouth of microcontroller circuit connects the input end of driving circuit, and driving circuit and executive circuit are coupled by photoelectrical coupler.Resistance R 1, R2, triode N1, photoelectrical coupler U1 forms the driving circuit of switching value output.Diode D1, relay K 1, resettable fuse F1, connection terminal J1 forms the executive circuit part of switching value output.By 1-2 pin that connects J1 and the selection that the 1-3 pin can be realized normally-open normally-close.The A/D mouth of the output termination microcontroller circuit microprocessor chip of simulated measurement input circuit, the input channel of analog quantity is two-way altogether, can dispose the different simulating signal of sampling (for example oil temperature, oil pressure etc.).Diode D4 and D5, D6 and D7 limit the amplitude of two-way input simulating signal respectively.Resettable fuse F4 is the suction electric current of restriction external sensor, guarantees that the power supply of concentrator system is not subjected to ectocine.
In the external communication interface circuit of Fig. 6, U7, C19, C22, C23, C24, C25 and nine core prints are formed the RS232 interface circuit, and U7 is a RS232 level signal conversion chip.The serial ports Transistor-Transistor Logic level of microprocessor CPU output converts RS2 32 level to by U7.U1, C2, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, J7 form PSTN (public telephone network interface).U1 is the embedded MODEM of low-power consumption technical grade, with Transistor-Transistor Logic level and microprocessor CPU communication.VCC and 3.3V altogether, but VCC is 5V, and the microprocessor fracture is 3.3V, so carry out voltage matches with R6 one R10 in the delivery outlet current limliting of embedded MODEM.U4-U7, R3-R13, R97, D13, J4 form the RS485 interface circuit.U7 is a half-duplex difference RS485 transceiver.U4-U6 is a photoisolator, improves the EMC performance of system.D13 is that transient voltage is restrained device (TVS), and R10, R11 are the polymkeric substance resettable fuse.By the protection of D13, R10, R11, guarantee that U7 can safe and stable operation when remote RS485 communication.R22-R25, N3-N5, D7 form the infrared communication interface.N3 is an infrared receiving tube, and D7 is infrared transmission pipe, and PWM2 is infrared transmission 38K modulation signal input end.
Because microprocessor can only provide a serial ports to use for external communication interface, and external communication interface needs four serial ports from above, so this concentrator has designed the interface circuit that a serial ports of a low-cost high-efficiency changes 4 serial ports.The more special-purpose serial ports of this circuit changes many serial port chip cost and significantly reduces, and performance does not give a discount.Present embodiment adopts high-speed analog switch, constitutes female serial ports (TXD0, RXD0) and substring mouth (TD1, RD1; TD2, RD2; TD3, RD3; TD4, RD4) interface hardware.A signal in the SEL1-SEL4 signal is a high level, and then corresponding substring mouth just can be connected with female serial ports, thereby realizes the communication of corresponding interface circuit and microprocessor.In order to realize the automatic switchover between serial ports, then need the receiving end of substring mouth is linked to each other with the external interrupt income port of microprocessor.Concrete principle of work is as follows: when externally communication interface is not all received data, and female serial ports link to each other with substring mouth 4 (TD4, RD4) all the time (SEL1-SEL3 is a low level, and SEL4 is a high level).Doing like this is because concentrator working environment middle infrared (Mid-IR) is ubiquitous, all is undesired signal for concentrator.If infrared interference will not force concentrator to carry out the switching of serial ports when female serial ports linked to each other with substring mouth 4, so just caused concentrator frequently to switch serial ports, communication efficiency and success ratio are descended.When the data receiver (RD1-RD3) of group serial ports 1~substring mouth 3 is existed by signal, corresponding microprocessor external interrupt input port will can propose interrupt request to CPU at once, the corresponding interrupt routine of CPU response, judge by digital filtering and data, select the substring mouth of actual needs communication, carry out communication with external interface.When female serial ports and one of them substring mouth communication, no longer respond the communication request of other substring mouth, finish female serial ports up to this serial communication and get back to and serial ports 4 (infrared) when being connected the serial communication application that substring mouth 1~substring mouth 3 carries out again again.
In a word, the remote management system for ammeter data of present embodiment has following major function:
1, can be according to setting means work, both can automatic data collection, again can be according to the real-time image data of operator's instruction.
2, disturb on the line of electric force and temporary transient carrier signal distortion that instability causes, all meter reading terminals of native system all have the relaying forwarding capability, and concentrator can generate trunk network automatically according to communication success ratio and signal and disturbed condition.
3, at many rates ammeter, this remote management system for ammeter data has been done Two monitor levels to the ammeter time.The time that can guarantee system's each several part is accurate.
4, have lot of data based on system's each several part, main website can analyze any one user's electricity consumption situation in the mode of figure or form, judges for administrative authority provides whether user power utilization provides foundation unusually.
5, the acquisition function and the monitoring function that have platform district transformer output electric flux, system can accurate Calculation put into effect the electric energy data of district's transformer output, and can monitor various parameters such as A, B, C phase voltage, electric current, power factor.
Its outstanding advantage is: 1, adopt frequency shift keying arrowband direct sequence spread spectrum skill, realize easily antinoise and antifading better performances; 2, integrated RS485 interface and pulse input interface in the meter reading terminal have at the scene improved adaptability; 3, concentrator is modular design, makes that independently the systematic unity management becomes possibility; 4, concentrator has adopted 32 arm processors on hardware, has improved data-handling capacity; 5, the database of main website has used IBM DB2, and the data that make main website preserve are easy to be uploaded to the marketing storehouse of power supply department.
In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiments.All employings are equal to the technical scheme of replacement or equivalent transformation formation, all drop on the protection domain of requirement of the present invention.