CN100372964C - Non-orientation electrical steel and its making process - Google Patents
Non-orientation electrical steel and its making process Download PDFInfo
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- CN100372964C CN100372964C CNB2005100273137A CN200510027313A CN100372964C CN 100372964 C CN100372964 C CN 100372964C CN B2005100273137 A CNB2005100273137 A CN B2005100273137A CN 200510027313 A CN200510027313 A CN 200510027313A CN 100372964 C CN100372964 C CN 100372964C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to electrical steel, and is especially one kind of non-orientation electrical steel with excellent performance and no need of normalizing heat treatment and its making process. The non-orientation electrical steel consists of C 0.006-0.010 wt%, N not more than 0.0030 wt%, Si 0.80-1.30 wt%, Mn 0.70-1.30 wt%, P not more than 0.030 wt%, S not more than 0.005 wt%, Al 0.50-1.00 wt%, Sb 0.0050-0.050 wt%, B 0.0005-0.0050 wt%, and Ca or REM 0.0010-0.005 wt%, except Fe and inevitable impurities. Its making process includes pre-treatment of molten iron, smelting, twice refining, continuous casting and rolling, acid pickling, cold rolling, annealing and coating insulating film. The electrical steel of the present invention is mainly used as soft magnetic alloy material for producing iron core of motor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electrical steel and manufacture method thereof; specially refer to a kind of middle trade mark (S20, S18 even S14) non-oriented electrical steel and manufacture method thereof that need not normalizing thermal treatment and excellent property; product of the present invention mainly is as the magnetically soft alloy material of producing electric machine iron core, and the fabrication process process comprises hot metal pretreatment, smelting, secondary refining, continuous casting, hot rolling, pickling, cold rolling, finished products and insulating film coating.
Background technology
When adopting continuous metal cast process to produce non-oriented electrical steel, and the electrical steel chemical ingredients is: C＜0.01%, Si+Al〉1.50%, Mn＜0.50%, when all the other are iron and unavoidable impurities, because in heating and the course of hot rolling, α γ phase transformation does not take place substantially, huge (100) column crystal of cast structure can not be thoroughly broken because dynamic recovery and recrystallize are slow in course of hot rolling, forming very thick edge near the center of hot-rolled sheet thickness of slab rolls to the deformed grains of extending, its width is between 0.2mm～0.5mm, mainly be that deformation stores can extremely low (100)＜011〉fiber texture, be difficult to take place recrystallize in the cold rolling afterwards and annealing process, cause along rolling on the production board surface to rough corrugated defective, it is about 2% that the lamination coefficient of electrical sheet is reduced, and magnetic degenerates, decline of insulating film interlamination resistance and generation magnetic are inhomogeneous.
Reducing non-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet corrugated defective in the past adopts induction stirring (special public clear 53-114609 communique), low temperature teeming practice (special public clear 49-39526 communique) to prevent the corrugated defective in casting process.The roughing finishing temperature〉900 ℃, last percentage pass reduction of roughing〉50%, production board corrugated defective disappears by (special public clear 53-2332 communique) or control finish rolling finishing temperature〉cooling of not spraying water in 1～7 second behind 1000 ℃, hot rolling, and batch at＜700 ℃, also can prevent corrugated defective (special public clear 62-54023 communique).Above-mentioned employing induction stirring prevents corrugated defective (special public clear 53-114609 communique), carry out the substantial equipment transformation, and electromagnetic stirring equipment is difficult for operation and maintenance; When adopting low temperature teeming practice (special public clear 49-39526 communique), casting process is wayward, and inclusion is difficult for come-up in the crystallizer, and The amount of inclusions increases in the continuously cast bloom, influences end product quality; Adopt the method for special public clear 53-2332 communique, not only require roughing unit capacity height, and last percentage pass reduction of roughing is excessive, cause the template of rough rolling plate blank to be difficult to control, influence the finish rolling operation; Adopt the method for special public clear 62-54023 communique, require continuous blank heating temperature to be increased to more than 1250 ℃, easily cause the continuously cast bloom waist that collapses, influence that roller-way is carried and at the inner generation of continuously cast bloom internal fissure.
Baosteel 2003 the application Chinese patents " manufacture method of code non-oriented electrical steel corrugated defective in the elimination " though need not to carry out large-scale scrap build, and can save hot-rolled sheet normalizing operation, just can eliminate corrugated defective (highly〉the corrugated defective incidence of 3 μ m less than 5%) fully; But the controlling of production process accuracy requirement is highly difficult big, and especially big percentage pass reduction is rolling, causes the milling train load bigger, and template control is difficult; Secondly, owing to adopt asperities rolling system at finishing stand, the rolling load of finishing mill is very big, and rolling efficiency reduces, and template control difficulty is also bigger simultaneously; Will keep the roll surface roughness in addition, necessity is grinding roller and roll change continually, influences rhythm of production and efficient.
Summary of the invention
The non-oriented electrical steel and the manufacture method thereof that the purpose of this invention is to provide excellent property; all shortcomings of aforesaid method both can have been eliminated; need not to carry out any scrap build again; and can save hot-rolled sheet normalizing operation; and can eliminate corrugated defective (highly〉the corrugated defective incidence of 3 μ m less than 5%) fully; reduce production process, reduce production difficulty and production cost, the level in kind of finished product meets or exceeds the level of the Kawasaki Steel S18 trade mark.
The present invention at first from optimize the code non-oriented electrical steel composition start with, design novel alloy system, promptly control C content in the steel 0.006%～0.010% (being preferably in 0.007%～0.009%), reduce silicone content to 0.80%～1.30% in the steel, improve A1 content to 0.50%～1.00% in the steel, control Al+Si≤2.20%, Mn content is increased to 0.70%～1.30%, add 0.0005%～0.0050%B and 0.005%～0.050%Sb and Ca or REM treatment technology, control stabilization of austenite Index A is at 1.0%～3.00% " A=2.54+40.53 (%C+%N)+0.43 (%Cu+%Ni+%Mn)-0.22 (%Al)-2.64 (%P+%S)-1.26 (%Cr+Mo)-(%Si) ", to guarantee in course of hot rolling, having 10%～30% austenite phase, so heat at continuously cast bloom, part α γ circulating phase-change takes place in the course of hot rolling and utilize γ and the incoordination of α rheological behaviour in deformation process, destroy (100)＜011 that the thick low deformation in hot-rolled sheet centre stores energy〉deformed grains, prevent the corrugated defective, suppress (111) texture evolution, promote the development of (100) texture, improve the magneticflux-density of steel band, reduce iron loss; Next adopt 800 ℃～840 ℃ low temperature finish to gauge, 〉=700 ℃ of high temperature batch, and promote hot-rolled sheet to organize recrystallize isometry and thickization of crystal grain and second precipitate (as AlN, MnS etc.) alligatoring mutually, improve the magnetic strength of steel band, reduce iron loss.
◆ C: the C content in the steel is controlled at 0.006%～0.010%, best 0.007%～0.009%, part α γ circulating phase-change can take place in continuously cast bloom heating, course of hot rolling, destroy (100)＜011 that the thick low deformation in hot-rolled sheet centre stores energy〉deformed grains, prevent the corrugated defective, and in follow-up (cold-rolled steel strip) continuous annealing process, decarburization (C content≤0.010% in the steel) easily fast, keep unit operation speed, boost productivity.
◆ N: for non-oriented electrical steel, the N content that reduces in the steel helps improving magnetic strength, reduces iron loss, reduces the magnetic aging phenomenon, and N content is low more good more in principle, but considers steel-making cost and actual operability, and N content is answered≤30ppm.
◆ Si: the Si content in the steel is high more, and the iron loss of steel band is low more, magnetic aging is more little, magnetic strength is also low more simultaneously.For middle code non-oriented electrical steel, as C＜0.01%, Si〉1.50% the time, easily form the corrugated defective, reduce magnetic strength, improve iron loss, so the silicone content upper limit in the steel of the present invention is controlled at 1.30%; When silicone content is lower than 0.80% in the steel, cause iron loss too high, do not reach the requirement of the S20 trade mark, so the silicone content lower limit is controlled at 0.80% in the steel.
◆ Mn:Mn not only can improve the resistivity of steel band, reduces the effect of iron loss, and Mn also improves the cold rolling performance of steel band, the tissue of even finished product steel belt.Add that the magnetic strength that Mn 0.70% or more can effectively suppress development, promotion (100) and (110) texture evolution, the raising non-oriented electrical steel of (111) texture reduces its iron loss, can also make thickization of MnS separated out, reduction MnS is to the disadvantageous effect of magnetic; Mn can also enlarge the austenite phase region in addition, increases the austenite quantity in the course of hot rolling, improves the texture distribution in hot-rolled sheet centre, reduces (100)＜011〉texture density, have the effect of eliminating the corrugated defective.But when Mn content in the steel surpasses 1.30%, A
3The point phase point temperature is low excessively, causes hot rolling finishing temperature and finished products temperature low excessively, and Finished Steel lath particle size is too small, and is unfavorable to magnetic, but also raises the cost.
◆ P:P is bigger to the embrittling effect of non-oriented electrical steel steel band, and along with the rising of Si+Al content, this embrittling effect is stronger; C content is lower than at 0.010% o'clock, and P is poly-bigger partially along crystal boundary, and Mn promotes P poly-partially to crystal boundary again, and the number of bends of steel band is sharply reduced, and P also damages the cold rolling performance of steel band simultaneously, and for middle code non-oriented electrical steel, the upper limit of P is controlled at 0.030%.
◆ S:S is very big to the electromagnetic performance influence of non-oriented electrical steel, especially increase substantially iron loss, when S and Mn form along rolling when the MnS that extends is mingled with, magnetic strength descends significantly, iron loss increases substantially, S content is low more good more in the steel in principle, but from the angle of steel-making cost and operability, the S content in the steel should be controlled at below the 50ppm.
◆ Sb:Sb gives birth to nuclear along poly-partially the obstruction at former hot-rolled sheet crystal boundary place (111) crystal grain of crystal boundary, promotes that in former hot-rolled sheet (0kl) crystal grain is given birth to nuclear near the deformed belt, improves the texture of hot-rolled sheet and production board; B not only can prevent that tiny AlN particle from separating out in Sb-B high mangaenese steel, and the BN particle of separating out along crystal boundary can also be as the heterogeneous nucleation point of (100), (110) nucleus, promote the development of (100) and (110) texture, further improve the texture of hot-rolled sheet and production board, improve non-oriented electrical steel magnetic strength, reduce its iron loss; In high mangaenese steel, add Sb and can also stop the hot-rolled sheet surface to increase N and Si, Al oxidation and nitrogenize, promptly can prevent internal oxidation layer and in be nitrided into formation, improve magnetic strength, reduce iron loss.But when Sb content greater than 0.050% the time, too much along the Sb that crystal boundary is poly-partially, hinder grain growth, hot-rolled sheet and production board crystal grain are tiny, iron loss increases, too much Sb can cause grain-boundary weakness, is prone to belt phenomenon in the operation of rolling; When Sb content less than 0.005% the time, very few along the Sb that crystal boundary is poly-partially, suppress crystal boundary (111) crystal grain and give birth to the nuclear capability deficiency, do not have favourable effect.Therefore the span of control of Sb content is 0.005%～0.050%.
◆ B:B preferential combination with N in steel generates BN, suppresses that AlN separates out in the course of hot rolling, and the damaging effect of AlN is reduced, and gathers partially to suppress (111) crystal grain at crystal boundary B and give birth to nuclear, (111) position reduced, microstructure coarsening and magnetic raising to intensity; B can fix N fully, alleviates magnetic aging; The Heating temperature that adds the later strand of B in the steel is not too responsive to magnetic, and the heating process window is widened; In addition, B gathers partially at crystal boundary and can prevent from the steel to gather the embrittling effect that produces partially owing to adding crystal boundaries such as Sb, Sn.But when the B addition surpassed 0.0050%, manufacturing cost increased, and the mechanical property of steel plate degenerates; When the B addition is lower than 0.0005%, do not have favourable effect.Therefore the span of control of B content is 0.0005%～0.0050%.
◆ Ca or REM: steel is carried out Ca or REM handles, on the one hand can further pure molten steel, on the other hand sulfide in the steel is carried out denaturing treatment, make it to become non deformable, stablize thick spherical sulfide, improve electrical steel magnetic strength, reduce iron loss.What of Ca or REM add-on are depended on the height of S content in the steel, and Ca or REM add-on are low excessively, and treatment effect is little; Ca or REM add-on are too much, form Ca or REM oxide inclusion, and be unfavorable on the contrary to magnetic.General control Ca or REM content are pressed ESSP=(wt%Ca) [1-124 (wt%0)]/1.25 (wt%S), ESSP sulfide inclusion shape control index wherein, be advisable between the span 0.5～5.0, so the optimum controling range of Ca or REM content is 0.0010%≤Ca≤0.005% or 0.0010%≤REM≤0.005%.
◆ Al:Al is the same with Si, improve steel resistivity, dwindle the γ phase region, promote grain growth, reduce iron loss, during especially high Al content, promotes that thick AlN separates out, minimizing AlN is to the influence of unfavorable magnetic property; Al can promote the development of (0kl) texture, the development of inhibition (111) texture, improves magnetic strength, reduces iron loss and magneticanisotropy; Al can also fix N, reduces magnetic aging; Al compares with Si in addition, and Al is obvious not as silicon to the influence of intensity, hardness and the plasticity of steel, thereby has improved the cold rolling performance of steel.For steel of the present invention, Al content is that effect in 0.50%～1.00% o'clock is best in the steel, and when Al content was lower than 0.50% in the steel, the favourable effect of Al was not clearly; When Al content was higher than 1.00% in the steel, molten steel viscosity was excessive, and what influence was cast normally carries out, even caused the nozzle clogging cutout, therefore controlled Al content 0.50%～1.00%.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: non-oriented electrical steel, and the weight percent of component is:
C：0.006％～0.010％
N：≤0.0030％
Si：0.80％～1.30％
Mn：0.70％～1.30％
P：≤0.030％
S：≤0.005％
Al：0.50％～1.00％
Sb：0.0050％～0.050％
B：0.0005％～0.0050％
Ca or REM:0.0010%～0.005%
All the other are iron and inevitably are mingled with.
1.0%≤A≤3.0%, wherein A is the stabilization of austenite index, A=2.54+40.53 (%C+%N)+0.43 (%Cu+%Ni+%Mn)-0.22 (%Al)-2.64 (%P+%S)-1.26 (%Cr+Mo)-(%Si).Al+Si≤2.20% in addition, can also contain elements such as Cu, Ni in the steel.Proportioning to the component of non-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet is further optimized, and the weight proportion scope that obtains after preferred is:
C：0.007％～0.009％
N：≤0.0030％
Si：0.90％～1.10％
Mn：0.90％～1.20％
P：≤0.030％
S：≤0.005％
Al：0.65％～0.85％
Sb：0.015％～0.030％
B：0.0010％～0.0030％
Ca or REM:0.0020%～0.004%
All the other are iron and inevitably are mingled with.
1.5%≤A≤2.5%, wherein A is the stabilization of austenite index, A=2.54+40.53 (%C+%N)+0.43 (%Cu+%Ni+%Mn)-0.22 (%Al)-2.64 (%P+%S)-1.26 (%Cr+Mo)-(%Si); In addition, can also contain elements such as Cu, Ni in the steel.Secondly,
Its production process of the present invention is: hot metal pretreatment, smelting, secondary refining, continuous casting, hot rolling, pickling, cold rolling, finished products and insulating film coating.The hot rolling stage adopt 800 ℃～840 ℃ low temperature finish to gauge, 〉=700 ℃ of high temperature batch, and promote hot-rolled sheet to organize recrystallize isometry and thickization of crystal grain and second precipitate (as AlN, MnS etc.) alligatoring mutually, improve the magnetic strength of steel band, reduce iron loss.All the other are all smelted rolling common process by electrical steel and carry out.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: alloy system is reasonable in design; need not to transform any production unit, need not existing production technique is done great adjustment; especially need not the hot-rolled sheet normalizing handles; just can produce the middle code non-oriented electrical steel that performance meets or exceeds the good no corrugated defective of S18 level and surface quality; reduce production cost, improved the product price ratio and the market competitiveness.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 organizes metallograph for the embodiment of the invention 2 hot-rolled sheets
Fig. 2 organizes metallograph for the embodiment of the invention 2 production boards
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Invention steel A contains C:0.0086%, Si:0.95%, Al:0.84%, Mn:1.03%, Sb:0.023%, B:0.0017%, REM:0.0031%, all the other are iron and unavoidable impurities, finishing temperature is 823 ℃, 706 ℃ are batched, do not have to occur the corrugated defective of 〉=3 μ m height in the production board, magnetic is: B50=1.738T, P15/50=3.235W/kg.
Embodiment 2:
Invention steel B contains C:0.0068%, Si:1.06%, Al:0.78%, Mn:0.97%, Sb:0.026%, B:0.0024%, REM:0.0026%, Cu:0.10%, Ni:0.12%, all the other are iron and unavoidable impurities, finishing temperature is 831 ℃, 717 ℃ are batched, do not have to occur the corrugated defective of 〉=3 μ m height in the production board, magnetic is: B50=1.735T, P15/50=3.187W/kg.Fig. 1,2 is seen in the metallographic structure of hot-rolled sheet and production board.
Embodiment 3:
Invention steel C contains C:0.0075%, Si:0.98%, Al:0.82%, Mn:1.08%, Sb:0.018%, B:0.0026%, REM:0.0016%, all the other are iron and unavoidable impurities, finishing temperature is 825 ℃, 715 ℃ are batched, do not have to occur the corrugated defective of 〉=3 μ m height in the production board, magnetic is: B50=1.741T, P15/50=3.217W/kg.
Embodiment 4:
Invention steel D contains C:0.0068%, Si:1.06%, Al:0.67%, Mn:0.94%, Sb:0.025%, B:0.0021%, REM:0.0036%, all the other are iron and unavoidable impurities, finishing temperature is 828 ℃, 703 ℃ are batched, do not have to occur the corrugated defective of 〉=3 μ m height in the production board, magnetic is: B50=1.734T, P15/50=3.192W/kg.
Embodiment 5:
Invention steel E contains C:0.0048%, Si:0.86%, Al:0.92%, Mn:0.94%, Sb:0.020%, B:0.0026%, REM:0.0027%, all the other are iron and unavoidable impurities, finishing temperature is 818 ℃, 712 ℃ are batched, do not have to occur the corrugated defective of 〉=3 μ m height in the production board, magnetic is: B50=1.740T, P15/50=3.152W/kg.
According to the present invention, can be by the scope of suitably controlling C content in the steel, new alloy system design and the finish to gauge of employing low temperature, the high temperature coiling technique, code non-oriented electrical steel corrugated defective in not only can eliminating, and also object performance arrives or surpass the S18 level; Because the technology of the present invention has not only been omitted the hot-rolled sheet normalizing process; and need not any scrap build; thereby be the method for the good middle code non-oriented electrical steel of a kind of technology production performance simple, with low cost, have very strong adaptability, economy and the feature of environmental protection.
Claims (4)
1. non-oriented electrical steel, the weight percent of component is:
C：0.006％～0.010％
N：≤0.0030％
Si：0.80％～1.30％
Mn：0.70％～1.30％
P：≤0.030％
S：≤0.005％
Al：0.50％～1.00％
Sb：0.0050％～0.050％
B：0.0005％～0.0050％
Ca or REM:0.0010%～0.005%
All the other are iron and inevitably are mingled with;
And control 1.0%≤A≤3.0%, wherein A is the stabilization of austenite index, A=2.54+40.53 (%C+%N)+0.43 (%Cu+%Ni+%Mn)-0.22 (%Al)-2.64 (%P+%S)-1.26 (%Cr+Mo)-(%Si); Non-oriented electrical steel needs control in rolling smelting: the low temperature finish to gauge of 800 ℃～840 ℃ of hot rolling stage employings, 〉=700 ℃ of high temperature batch.
2. non-oriented electrical steel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Al+Si≤2.20%.
3. non-oriented electrical steel according to claim 1 is characterized in that the weight percent of component is:
C：0.007％～0.009％
N：≤0.0030％
Si：0.90％～1.10％
Mn：0.90％～1.20％
P：≤0.030％
S：≤0.005％
Al：0.65％～0.85％
Sb：0.015％～0.030％
B：0.0010％～0.0030％
Ca or REM:0.0020%～0.004%
All the other are iron and inevitably are mingled with.
4. non-oriented electrical steel according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: 1.5%≤A≤2.5%, wherein A is the stabilization of austenite index, A=2.54+40.53 (%C+%N)+0.43 (%Cu+%Ni+%Mn)-0.22 (%Al)-2.64 (%P+%S)-1.26 (%Cr+Mo)-(%Si).
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| CN102453844B (en) * | 2010-10-25 | 2013-09-04 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for preparing non-oriented silicon steel with excellent magnetic property and high efficiency |
| CN103290190A (en) * | 2012-03-02 | 2013-09-11 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Non-oriented silicon steel and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN104152800A (en) * | 2014-08-07 | 2014-11-19 | 河北钢铁股份有限公司 | Low-magnetic-anisotropy non-oriented silicon steel plate and preparation technology thereof |
| CN107075640A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2017-08-18 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | The manufacture method of non orientation electromagnetic steel plate and non orientation electromagnetic steel plate |
| CN114214561B (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-08-05 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | Non-oriented silicon steel thin strip for ultra-efficient variable frequency air conditioner compressor and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN114990308B (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2023-06-09 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | Production method of high-grade unoriented silicon steel without normalization |
| CN118639119A (en) * | 2024-08-16 | 2024-09-13 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Production method of corrosion-resistant high-efficiency unoriented silicon steel |
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