CN100371856C - 电压设定点控制方案 - Google Patents

电压设定点控制方案 Download PDF

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CN100371856C
CN100371856C CNB2004800000078A CN200480000007A CN100371856C CN 100371856 C CN100371856 C CN 100371856C CN B2004800000078 A CNB2004800000078 A CN B2004800000078A CN 200480000007 A CN200480000007 A CN 200480000007A CN 100371856 C CN100371856 C CN 100371856C
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program voltage
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output voltage
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CN1802619A (zh
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阿兰·沙皮伊
马赫什·纳特维瑞尔·萨科
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Pai Capital Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/08—Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/08—Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires
    • H02J1/082—Plural DC voltage, e.g. DC supply voltage with at least two different DC voltage levels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0025—Arrangements for modifying reference values, feedback values or error values in the control loop of a converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/008—Plural converter units for generating at two or more independent and non-parallel outputs, e.g. systems with plural point of load switching regulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/157—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators with digital control

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Voltage And Current In General (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及电压设定点控制方案，其具体提供一种基于从多个选择源中的一个接收的编程电压数据而确定可编程功率变换器的电压输出的系统和方法。具体地，在本发明的一个实施例中，控制单元适于监视数字数据串行接口、数字数据并行接口和模拟数据接口，以确定是否已经接收编程电压数据。如果已经接收编程电压数据，就使用该数据来确定可编程功率变换器的输出电压。如果已经接收多于一组的编程电压数据，就确定哪组数据具有优先权。接着，使用所选择组的数据来确定可编程功率变换器的输出电压。

Description

电压设定点控制方案
技术领域
本发明一般涉及功率调节系统，并更具体地涉及一种基于从多个选择源中的至少一个接收的编程电压数据而确定电压输出的系统和方法。
背景技术
功率变换器，也称为负载点(“POL”)调节器、电压调节器或DC/DC变换器，一般与电子电路一起使用。这是因为电子电路的电压/电流要求通常与容易得到的电压或实际传输的电流不同。例如，一些电子器件只包括单一电压输入(如12v)，但其中包含的电路要求不同的电压(如3v、5v、9v等)。一种常见的解决方案是在该器件中设计多个功率变换器，把单一输入电压变换为多种电压电平。
相似地，一些电子器件包括要求低电压(如1v)、高电流(如100A)电源的电路。这是成问题的：在相对较长距离上以低电压传输高电流且仍然满足期望的调节性能是不切实际的。一种常见的解决方案是使用高电压低电流电源并在内电路附近设计功率变换器。这允许低电流流经整个器件，并在内电路附近设置低电压高电流电源(即，使用功率变换器)。
传统上，功率变换器与电源控制器(“控制器”)一起操作，该控制器对功率变换器进行激励、编程和监视。具体地，控制器使用多连接并行总线(如六位并行总线)，以对每个功率变换器进行激励和编程。并行总线包括用于开启和关闭功率变换器的启用/禁用位和五个用于对功率变换器的输出电压进行编程的VID码位。控制器进一步使用附加连接(如三导线)来监视每个功率变换器传输的电压/电流。
此种功率变换器的缺点是它只配置为通过六位并行总线进行编程。这不仅限制它的应用类型，也增加整个电子器件的复杂性和尺寸。例如，需要18个连接(即18根导线或迹线)来对三个功率变换器进行编程或操作。因而，一种克服这些缺点的对功率变换器进行编程的系统和方法是有利的。
发明内容
本发明提供一种基于从多个选择源中的至少一个接收的编程电压数据而确定可编程功率变换器的电压输出的系统和方法。本发明的实施例根据可编程功率变换器进行操作，其中，可编程功率变换器包括数字数据串行接口(“串行接口”)、数字数据并行接口(“并行接口”)、模拟数据接口(“模拟接口”)、控制单元和输出电压生成器。在本发明的一个实施例中，可编程功率变换器进一步包括用于储存数字数据的存储器件。在本发明的另一实施例中，控制单元进一步包括模拟电路和处理器。
在本发明的优选实施例中，控制单元(或处理器)监视串行、并行和模拟接口，以确定是否已经接收编程电压数据。如果已经接收多于一组的编程电压数据，控制单元就确定哪组数据具有优先权(或更相关)。例如，在本发明的一个实施例中，串行接口接收的数据比并行和模拟接口接收的数据更具有优先权。在本发明的另一实施例中，并行接口接收的数据比模拟接口接收的数据更具有优先权。接着，使用所选择的编程电压数据组(至少部分)来确定可编程功率变换器的输出电压。
在本发明的一个实施例中，至少一个接口包括能接收并向控制单元传送特定格式数据的通信总线(或一根(或多根)导线)。在本发明的另一实施例中，所述接口进一步包括至少一个附加元件，它能对接收的数据执行特定的操作或功能，并据此向控制单元提供数据(如得到的数据)。在本发明的另一实施例中，从编程装置(如电阻器网络、多个固定数字值、处理器等)接收编程电压数据。
通过以下优选实施例的详细描述，本领域中技术人员将对确定可编程功率变换器的电压输出的系统和方法有更完整的理解，并可实现本发明其它的优点和目的。首先，简要描述后面作为参考的附图。
附图说明
图1示出现有技术的功率变换器系统。
图2示出本发明提供的可编程功率变换器的一个实施例。
图3示出在图2中描绘的控制单元的一个实例。
图4示出根据本发明一个实施例操作的可编程功率控制系统。
图5示出根据本发明另一实施例操作的可编程功率控制系统。
图6为示出基于所接收的编程电压数据组而确定输出电压的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种基于从多个选择源中的至少一个接收的编程电压数据而确定可编程功率变换器的电压输出的系统和方法。在以下详细描述中，相同的元件编号用于描述在一个或多个附图中示出的相同元件。
图1示出现有技术的功率变换器系统10，其中，电源控制器(“控制器”)110通过多根六位并行总线(即112、114和116)和多个三线输出连接(即122-126、132-136和142-146)与多个DC/DC功率变换器(即120、130和140)通信，DC/DC功率变换器也称作电压调节器或负载点(“POL”)调节器。更具体地，每根六位并行总线包括启用/禁用位和五个VID码位，并且，每个三线输出连接包括电压监视线(即122、132和142)、电流监视线(即124、134和144)以及开关启用线(即126、136、146)。
如图1所示，控制器110通过六位并行总线和三线输出连接对每个DC/DC功率变换器进行激励、编程和监视，由此控制变换器的输出电压。例如，控制器110通过六位并行总线116的VID码部分向DC/DC功率变换器140提供编程电压数据(如输出电压设定点数据)。接着，控制器110通过六位并行总线116的启用/禁用部分而激励DC/DC功率变换器140。一旦被激励，DC/DC功率变换器140就把通过电源100提供的电压(如48v)变换为输出电压VA--输出电压VA的大小基于通过六位并行总线116的VID码部分提供的编程电压数据。接着，控制器110通过用电压监视线142测量输出电压VA而核实该电压是否为期望电压。如果输出电压VA是可以接受的，就通过用开关启用线146激励开关S1而把它提供给负载(未示出)。接着，控制器110通过分别用电压监视线142测量电压并且测量检测电阻器R1上的电压降(即，在电流监视线144和电压监视线142之间的电压差)，而可连续地监视输出电压和输出电流。控制器110以相同方式与其余的DC/DC功率变换器120、130通信(即，编程、激励、监视)。
图1中所示DC/DC功率变换器(如140)的问题是它们只配置为通过六位并行总线(如116)来编程。这不仅限制功率变换器的应用类型，而且，由于需要六位并行总线(即112、114和116)来操作每个功率变换器，因此增加整个电子器件(未示出)复杂性和尺寸。换句话说，为了与三个DC/DC功率变换器(即120、130和140)通信，控制器110利用18个连接(即18根导线或迹线)。
图2示出根据本发明一个实施例操作的可编程功率变换器200。具体地，功率变换器200包括输出电压生成器260、控制单元210、数字数据串行接口(“串行接口”)230、数字数据并行接口(“并行接口”)250以及模拟数据接口(“模拟接口”)240。在本发明的优选实施例中，控制单元210适合基于至少一个连接的接口(如230、240和250)所接收的一组编程电压数据而确定输出电压，并且，输出电压生成器260适合产生确定的输出电压。
应该理解，在此示出的可编程功率变换器(如200)包括但不限于：本领域中技术人员一般都知道的负载点调节器、负载功率调节器、DC/DC变换器、电压调节器和所有其它的可编程电压调节器件(包括所有的单一和多输出器件)。应该进一步理解，在此示出的串行、并行和模拟接口(如230、250和240)不限于特定类型的接口，相反包括所有能接收特定格式(如串行、并行、模拟)的数据并据此向控制单元210提供数据(任何格式)的器件(或其组合)。例如，接口包括能接收并向控制单元210传送特定格式数据的通信总线(或一根(或多根)导线)。可替换地，接口进一步包括能对所接收数据执行特定操作(如闩锁、缓冲、放大、微调等)并据此向控制单元210提供数据的有源和/或无源元件。应该进一步理解，在此示出的输出电压生成器(如260)包括但不限于：本领域中技术人员一般都知道的所有电压变换/微调器件(或电路)。因而，例如，多级输出电压生成器(包括固定或可变的电压基准、误差放大器、脉冲宽度调制控制器、功率系等)在本发明的精神和范围之内。
在一个实施例中，可编程功率变换器200进一步包括用于储存编程电压数据和/或检查表数据的存储器件220。例如，如果通过串行接口230接收编程电压数据，它在用于确定输出电压之前就可储存在存储器件220中。可替换地，如果编程电压数据通过并行接口230接收并代表VID码数据，那么，一般就用可储存在存储器件220中的检查表来确定输出电压。这是因为如果不使用附加信息(如检查表数据)，就不能从VID码值本身确定期望的输出电压。换句话说，VID码值和检查表使得控制单元210能确定输出电压。应该理解，存储器件220可以是长期或短期存储器件，包括但不限于：本领域中技术人员一般都知道的寄存器、RAM、ROM、EPROM、EEPROM、闪存、和所有其它的数字数据存储器件。
在本发明的一个实施例中，如图3所示，控制单元210进一步包括模拟电路212和处理器214。例如，通过串行和并行接口230、250接收的数字数据可提供(直接或间接)给处理器214(如给处理器的串行或并行端口)。另一方面，通过模拟接口240接收的模拟数据在提供给处理器214之前可提供给模拟电路212进行处理(如数字变换、放大等)。然而，应该理解，如果模拟处理(如数字变换等)由模拟接口240执行，控制单元210就可不包括模拟电路。在此情况下，已处理的数据接着可提供(直接或间接)给处理器214。还应该理解，在此示出的处理器(如214)包括但不限于：本领域中技术人员一般都知道的特定用途集成电路(ASIC)、微处理器和所有其它的计算器件。
在此描述的可编程功率变换器200能应用于各种应用(如，包括模拟编程源、并行编程源、或串行编程源的可编程功率变换器系统)。例如，图4示出电源控制器410，它通过串行总线400与多个可编程功率变换器(即420、430、440和450)通信，把输入电压460变换为特定的输出电压(如1V、2.5V等)。使用串行总线与可编程功率变换器通信并在串行总线上提供编程电压数据(如输出电压设定点数据)的方法分别在专利申请“用于控制负载点调节器的系统和方法”(序列号10/293531)和“用于与电压调节器通信的系统和方法”(序列号10/293001)中详细描述，这些专利申请在此引作参考。
图5示出并行接口250如何用于促进可编程功率变换器200和电源控制器510之间的通信，该通信适于传送并行格式的数字数据。具体地，并行格式的编程电压数据(如VID码数据)通过并行总线500和并行接口250提供给可编程功率变换器200。接着，编程电压数据(和检查表数据，如果可能的话)由控制单元210使用，以确定输出电压。随后，由输出电压生成器260产生所确定的输出电压。应该理解，本发明不局限于使用电源控制器来向并行接口250提供编程电压数据。例如，硬连线并行总线500以使并行格式的固定数字数据提供给并行接口250在本发明的精神和范围之内。
图5还示出模拟接口240如何用于促进可编程功率变换器200和电阻器网络520之间的通信。具体地，模拟格式的编程电压数据(如在零到5V之间的电压值)通过至少一根导线550和模拟接口240而提供给可编程功率变换器200。接着，编程电压数据(或编程电压数据的处理结果)可由控制单元210使用，以确定输出电压。随后，由输出电压生成器260产生所确定的输出电压。应该理解，在此示出的电阻器网络(即520)不局限于特定类型的网络。因而，包括固定值元件(如具有固定值的电阻器)和/或至少一个可变元件(如电位计)的网络在本发明的精神和范围之内。
在图6中示出使用可编程电压变换器的一种方法，从步骤600开始。具体地，在步骤610中，功率变换器确定在三个接口的任一个中是否已接收编程电压数据。如果未接收编程电压数据，过程就在步骤600重新开始。可替换地，如果已经接收编程电压数据，功率变换器就在步骤620中确定是否已接收多于一组的编程电压数据。如果只接收(如通过模拟接口)一组编程电压数据，就在步骤640中确定基于(至少部分)所接收编程电压数据组的输出电压。可替换地，如果已接收(如通过串行接口和并行接口)多于一组的编程电压数据，那么，就在步骤630中选择(或识别)一组编程电压数据。在本发明的一个实施例中，根据已知的优先级或认为其数据是更相关而选择编程电压数据。例如，串行接口接收的数据比并行或模拟接口接收的数据更具有优先权(或发现更相关)。在此实施例中，串行接口接收的数据比并行或模拟接口接收的数据更优先选择(或识别)。在步骤640中确定基于(至少部分)所选择编程电压数据组的输出电压，在步骤650中结束处理。
因而，已经描述一种基于从多个选择源中的至少一个接收的编程电压数据而确定可编程功率变换器的电压输出的系统和方法的优选实施例，本领域中技术人员应该清楚，已经实现本系统的一些优点。还应该理解，可在本发明的范围和精神之内对本发明作出各种变化、改变和替代实施例。本发明由以下权利要求进一步定义。

Claims (16)

1.一种可编程功率变换器，包括：
至少三个数据接口，包括数字数据串行接口、数字数据并行接口和模拟数据接口；
控制单元，该单元连接到所述至少三个数据接口，并适合基于从所述至少三个数据接口中的至少一个接收的一组编程电压数据而确定输出电压；以及
适合产生所述输出电压的输出电压生成器；
其中，所述控制单元进一步包括：
连接到所述模拟数据接口的模拟电路，该电路把模拟的编程电压数据组变换为数字的编程电压数据组；以及
连接到所述模拟电路、所述数字数据串行接口和所述数字数据并行接口的数字处理器，所述数字处理器适于确定所述输出电压。
2.如权利要求1所述的可编程功率变换器，进一步包括存储器件，如果从所述数字数据串行接口接收所述编程电压数据组，则用该存储器件来储存所述编程电压数据组。
3.如权利要求1所述的可编程功率变换器，进一步包括适于储存检查表数据的存储器件，如果从所述数字数据并行接口和所述数字数据串行接口之一接收所述编程电压数据组，则所述检查表数据由所述控制单元使用，以确定所述输出电压。
4.如权利要求1所述的可编程功率变换器，进一步包括连接到所述模拟数据接口的电阻器网络。
5.一种根据一组编程电压数据而产生功率变换器输出的方法，包括：
确定数字数据串行接口、数字数据并行接口和模拟数据接口中的至少一个是否已接收编程电压数据；
识别最相关的一组编程电压数据，包括：识别所述数字数据串行接口接收的一组编程电压数据比所述数字数据并行接口接收的一组编程电压数据更相关；以及
基于所述最相关的一组编程电压数据而确定输出电压。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法，其中，所述识别最相关的一组编程电压数据的步骤进一步包括识别所述数字数据串行接口接收的一组编程电压数据比所述模拟数据接口接收的一组编程电压数据更相关。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其中，所述识别最相关的一组编程电压数据的步骤进一步包括识别所述数字数据并行接口接收的一组编程电压数据比所述模拟数据接口接收的一组编程电压数据更相关。
8.如权利要求5所述的方法，进一步包括：如果所述数字数据串行接口接收所述最相关的一组编程电压数据，则储存所述最相关的一组编程电压数据。
9.如权利要求5所述的方法，进一步包括：
储存检查表数据；以及
如果所述数字数据并行接口和所述数字数据串行接口之一接收所述最相关的一组编程电压数据，则使用所述检查表数据来确定所述输出电压。
10.如权利要求5所述的方法，进一步包括：通过串行数据总线向所述数字数据串行接口提供与期望输出电压相应的一组编程电压数据。
11.如权利要求5所述的方法，进一步包括：通过并行数据总线向所述数字数据并行接口提供与期望输出电压相应的一组编程电压数据。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法，其中，所述提供与期望输出电压相应的一组编程电压数据的步骤由数字处理器执行。
13.如权利要求11所述的方法，其中，所述提供与期望输出电压相应的一组编程电压数据的步骤通过硬连线所述并行数据总线而执行。
14.如权利要求5所述的方法，进一步包括：通过至少一根导线向所述模拟数据接口提供与期望输出电压相应的一组编程电压数据。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法，其中，所述提供与期望输出电压相应的一组编程电压数据的步骤通过把电阻器网络硬连线到所述至少一根导线而执行。
16.如权利要求14所述的方法，其中，所述提供与期望输出电压相应的一组编程电压数据的步骤通过把包括至少一个电位计的电阻器网络硬连线到所述至少一根导线并调节所述至少一个电位计而执行。
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KR100593522B1 (ko) 2006-06-28
US7526660B2 (en) 2009-04-28
US7080265B2 (en) 2006-07-18
WO2004084390A3 (en) 2005-07-28
EP1604264A4 (en) 2007-04-18
EP1604264A2 (en) 2005-12-14
US20040179382A1 (en) 2004-09-16
US20060069935A1 (en) 2006-03-30
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