CN100371158C - 软质pvc软管的制备方法 - Google Patents

软质pvc软管的制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100371158C
CN100371158C CNB2005100090757A CN200510009075A CN100371158C CN 100371158 C CN100371158 C CN 100371158C CN B2005100090757 A CNB2005100090757 A CN B2005100090757A CN 200510009075 A CN200510009075 A CN 200510009075A CN 100371158 C CN100371158 C CN 100371158C
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Prior art keywords
flexible pipe
reinforcing material
making
pipe
poly
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CN1657266A (zh
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E·P·内托
L·R·F·桑彻斯
A·R·达西尔瓦
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Veyance Technologies Inc
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Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/15—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. extrusion moulding around inserts
    • B29C48/151—Coating hollow articles
    • B29C48/152—Coating hollow articles the inner surfaces thereof
    • B29C48/153—Coating both inner and outer surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C71/02—Thermal after-treatment
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    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D23/00—Producing tubular articles
    • B29D23/001—Pipes; Pipe joints
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B27/304—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
    • F16L11/08—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/18—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
    • B29C48/21—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers the layers being joined at their surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/34—Cross-head annular extrusion nozzles, i.e. for simultaneously receiving moulding material and the preform to be coated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C53/56—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally
    • B29C53/58—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C63/00—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C63/02—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material
    • B29C63/04—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material by folding, winding, bending or the like
    • B29C63/08—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material by folding, winding, bending or the like by winding helically
    • B29C63/10—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material by folding, winding, bending or the like by winding helically around tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29K2021/00—Use of unspecified rubbers as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29K2027/00—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2027/06—PVC, i.e. polyvinylchloride
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/08—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns
    • B29K2105/0809—Fabrics
    • B29K2105/0827—Braided fabrics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/24—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped crosslinked or vulcanised
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    • B29K2201/00—Use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives, e.g. viscose, as reinforcement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29K2277/10—Aromatic polyamides [Polyaramides] or derivatives thereof
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种柔韧性软管的制备方法，该方法包括步骤：将第一聚(氯乙烯)化合物挤出形成管，该管有与其共同扩张的内圆柱体空腔；a)在该管上施用织物增强材料；b)在织物增强材料上挤出第二聚(氯乙烯)化合物，形成覆盖层，所述的管、增强材料和涂层确定了软管复合材料；c)在内圆柱体空腔中插入刚性型芯；d)在软管复合材料涂层外部缠绕织物包层；和e)在温度130-160℃和30-70磅/平方英寸压力下，缠绕软管复合材料处理5-40分钟。

Description

软质PVC软管的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种软质PVC软管及其制备方法。
背景技术
制备软质聚(氯乙烯)(即PVC)软管用于液体和气体(例如水和空气)的一般应用。典型地，软质PVC软管有三层结构，即PVC内管、织物增强材料和PVC涂层。为了改善PVC层与增强材料的粘附作用，有时在增强材料上涂布粘合剂。但是，依然需要改善软质PVC软管的粘附作用和爆破强度。
发明内容
本发明涉及柔韧性软管的制备方法，该方法包括多个步骤：将第一聚(氯乙烯)化合物挤出形成管，该管有与其共同扩张的内圆柱体空腔；a)在该管上施用织物增强材料；b)在织物增强材料上挤出第二聚(氯乙烯)化合物，形成覆盖层，所述的管、增强材料和涂层确定了软管复合材料；c)在内圆柱体空腔中插入刚性型芯；d)在软管复合材料涂层外部缠绕织物包层(wrap)；和e)在温度130-160℃和30-70磅/平方英寸(psig)压力下，缠绕软管复合材料处理5-40分钟。
附图说明
图1是本发明软管的侧视图；和
图2示意性表示本发明的方法。
具体实施方式
公开了一种柔韧性软管的制备方法，该方法包括多个步骤：将第一聚(氯乙烯)化合物挤出形成管，该管有与其共同扩张的内圆柱体空腔；a)在该管上施用织物增强材料；b)在织物增强材料上挤出第二聚(氯乙烯)化合物，形成覆盖层，所述的管、增强材料和涂层确定了软管复合材料；c)在内圆柱体空腔中插入刚性型芯；d)在软管复合材料涂层外部缠绕织物包层；和e)在温度130-160℃和30-70磅/平方英寸压力下，缠绕软管复合材料处理5-40分钟。
本发明的一个实施方案是，第一和第二聚(氯乙烯)化合物是相同的配方。
现在参看附图。图1显示了根据本发明方法制造的软管10。软管10包括由软质聚(氯乙烯)化合物构成的内管1。增强材料层5覆盖管1，它由通常的纺织纱制成。覆盖层6覆盖增强材料层5，它由软质聚(氯乙烯)化合物制成。
图2是柔韧性软管10制造方法的简化示意图。制造这种软管可以使用固体型芯。使用通常的制管设备(例如挤出机52)可以生产无支撑弹性体管元件1。管元件1内部可任选地有施加的正压力，以助于保持其圆形横截面。图2显示了弹性体管1直接送到编织机53，施加织物增强材料5。应该指出，弹性体管的生产方法可以是这样的，以致希望以分开步骤生产弹性体管，然后再送到编织机53。可以采用通常的编织机设备。
一旦施加了希望的织物增强材料，就使用覆盖涂布器54把弹性体涂层6涂布在编织套管上。可以采用任何常见的软管覆盖层涂布方法，最通常的方法是使用十字头挤出机。复合材料软管10从覆盖涂布器54出来，往前到达加热过程。该加热过程可以是任何通常已知的软管固化或硫化方法，其中施加热和压力。一种需要额外步骤的固化方法是织物缠绕法，在该方法中，把织物盘旋在未固化软管复合材料上，其目的在于将未固化软管复合材料置于高温固化条件之前，往该复合材料施加外部压力。在一个优选的具体实施方案中，将软管10压在刚性型芯上，再在蒸汽高压釜中在高温高压下进行处理。典型地，将很长长度的软管10(例如100英尺)压在刚性钢型芯上，再在蒸汽高压釜中进行批量处理。US 4 228 134描述了合适的高压釜。
热处理温度可以是130-160℃。选择性地，该温度可以是135-155℃。热处理的压力可以是30-70磅/平方英寸。选择性地，该压力可以是40-60磅/平方英寸。软管施加热和压力处理的时间可以是5-40分钟。选择性地，该时间可以是10-30分钟。
在用于软管的管和涂层的PVC化合物中，可添加的通常组分包括润滑剂(0.35-0.45phr)、稳定剂(3-4phr)、增塑剂(50-70phr)和颜料(0.0001-0.001phr)。人们根据软管情况可以改变上述通常组分的含量，只要遵守比重标准。例如，如果不希望软管透明，可根据想要的颜色增加颜料用量。为了得到更轻的软管，PVC化合物可以含有发泡剂，以得到发泡PVC。
织物增强材料可以是任何合适的增强纱，例如聚酯、尼龙、芳族聚酰胺、人造丝、玻璃等。在一个具体实施方案中，该增强纱是聚酯。采用本技术领域中已知的其中一种方法施用增强材料，这些方法包括盘旋、编织等。在一个具体实施方案中，在管上编织织物纱。
通过下述非限制性实施例进一步说明本发明。
实施例
制备四个PVC软管样品，它们有图1的结构。每个软管有PVC管、聚酯增强材料层和PVC覆盖层。样品1和3是对照样品，而样品2和4代表本发明。按照图2说明的程序制造这些软管。对于样品2和4，每个软管都装在钢型芯上，缠绕成螺旋状织物包层，接着在高压釜中在146℃、54磅/平方英寸条件下处理20分钟。测试了对照软管(样品1和3)和根据本发明处理的软管(样品2和4)在PVC涂层与织物增强材料之间的粘附作用、织物增强材料与PVC管之间的粘附作用，以及爆破强度方面的性能。按照ASTM D-380测量爆破强度与粘合强度。结果列在表1中。
表1
  样品号   1   2   3   4
管ID，英寸粘合强度涂层/纱，磅/平方英寸纱/管，磅/平方英寸爆破，磅   对照0.7512.518.2800 0.7517.226.81000   对照113.313.91200 126.822.11300
由表1数据可知，与没有经加热加压处理而制成的软质PVC软管相比。根据本发明方法制成的软质PVC软管在粘合强度和爆破强度方面显示出明显的改善。例如，表1中的爆破强度表明，与没有经加热加压处理而制成的对照软管(样品1和3)相比，经过加热加压处理而制成的软管(样品2和4)改善达到约8-25％。更一般地，根据本发明制成的软管的爆破强度，比没有经加热加压处理而制成的软管大5-50％。表1中的粘合强度表明，与没有经加热加压处理而制成的对照软管(样品1和3)相比，经过加热加压处理而制成的软管(样品2和4)高约38-200％。更一般地，根据本发明制成软管的粘合强度比不经过加热加压处理而制成的软管高25-250％。
虽然不希望受到任何特定理论的束缚，但还是认为，为获得本发明柔韧性软管而加热加压，可导致管和覆盖层中的热塑性PVC更好地浸渍织物增强材料层。人们还可认为，在加热加压过程中，PVC软化并在织物纱之间流动，从而达到机械咬合以及管与涂层的聚合物混合。
由于已说明和描述本发明的举例性具体实施方案和实施该方案的方法，将会知道在以下权利要求书的范围内，本发明可以不同方式具体化和实施。

Claims (12)

1.一种柔韧性软管的制备方法，该方法包括步骤：
将第一聚(氯乙烯)化合物挤出形成管，该管有与其共同扩张的内圆柱体空腔；
a)在该管上施用织物增强材料；
b)在织物增强材料上挤出第二聚(氯乙烯)化合物，形成覆盖层，所述的管、增强材料和覆盖层确定了软管复合材料；
c)在内圆柱体空腔中插入刚性型芯；
d)在软管复合材料的覆盖层外部缠绕织物包层；和
e)在温度130-160℃和30-70磅/平方英寸压力下，将缠绕的软管复合材料处理5-40分钟。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中第一和第二聚(氯乙烯)化合物是相同的配方。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中织物增强材料选自聚酯、尼龙、芳族聚酰胺、人造丝和玻璃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中织物增强材料是聚酯。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中该软管在温度135-155℃下进行处理。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中该软管在压力40-60磅/平方英寸下进行处理。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中该软管处理时间是10-30分钟。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中在蒸汽高压釜中进行这种处理。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中该软管采用ASTM D-380测量的爆破强度比只是采用步骤a)和b)，而不采用步骤c)、d)和e)制成的软管高5-50％。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中该软管采用ASTM D-380测量的爆破强度比只是采用步骤a)和b)，而不采用步骤c)、d)和e)制成的软管高8-25％。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中该软管采用ASTM D-380测量的粘合强度比只是采用步骤a)和b)，而不采用步骤c)、d)和e)制成的软管高38-200％。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中该软管采用ASTM D-380测量的粘合强度比只是采用步骤a)和b)，而不采用步骤c)、d)和e)制成的软管高25-250％。
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