CN100370540C - 温度敏感性减小的液体动压轴承 - Google Patents

温度敏感性减小的液体动压轴承 Download PDF

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CN100370540C
CN100370540C CNB02829291XA CN02829291A CN100370540C CN 100370540 C CN100370540 C CN 100370540C CN B02829291X A CNB02829291X A CN B02829291XA CN 02829291 A CN02829291 A CN 02829291A CN 100370540 C CN100370540 C CN 100370540C
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M·M·阿明
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Abstract

一种盘片驱动器存储系统,该系统包括具有一中心轴线的一壳体、相对壳体固定且与中心轴线共轴的一静止件以及可绕中心轴线相对静止件旋转的一可转动件。一液压轴承互连静止件与可转动件,并包括一润滑液体,所述润滑液体包括用于减小润滑液体的粘度对温度的依存性的一基液和一添加剂和/或多种添加剂的组合、或者多种基液。

Description

温度敏感性减小的液体动压轴承
技术领域
本发明涉及用于盘片驱动器的液体动压轴承主轴电动机,更具体地说,本发明涉及具有用于减小润滑剂粘度的温度依存性的、带有一添加剂和/或多种添加剂的组合的一润滑剂、或者多种润滑剂的电动机。
背景技术
被称为“温切斯特”型盘片驱动器的盘片驱动器数据存储设备在工业中是为人们所熟知的。在温切斯特盘片驱动器中,向旋转盘片表面上的可磁化材料的薄层写入数字数据,以及从其读取数字数据。通过装载在浮动块本体中的变换器来执行读写操作。浮动块和变换器有时被一起称作磁头,通常,单个磁头与各盘片表面相关。磁头在电子线路的控制下由驱动装置有选择地移动到盘片表面上的多个圆形的同心数据磁道中的任一个。各浮动块本体包括自作用的空气支承表面。当盘片旋转时,盘片在空气支承表面下方拖曳空气,这产生使浮动块升举并在盘片表面之上飞起若干微英寸的升举力。
在目前一代的盘片驱动器产品中,最常用类型的执行机构是旋转式动圈执行机构。盘片自身通常成一“叠”地安装在无刷直流主轴电动机的轴毂结构上。由电动机的驱动电路精确地控制主轴电动机的转速,该驱动电路既控制定时,也控制引导至电动机的定子绕组的通讯信号的电力。主轴电动机的转速一般在每分钟3600转的范围内。目前的技术将主轴电动机的速度增加至每分钟7200转、每分钟10,000转以及更高。
该盘片驱动器数据存储设备中一个主要的噪音源是主轴电动机。盘片驱动器的制造商近来开始考虑在主轴电动机中用诸如液体动压轴承或液体静压轴承之类的“液压”轴承来替代传统的滚珠或滚柱轴承。液压轴承依靠分隔轴承表面的液体薄膜,因而要比传统的滚珠轴承安静得多且一般振动较低。液体动压轴承是自泵送的轴承,它在内部产生一压力以保持液体薄膜。液体静压轴承需要外部的加压液体源来保持液体分隔。在液压轴承中的轴承表面之间的相对运动产生一剪切分量,该剪切分量完全产生在液体薄膜中,以使轴承表面之间不发生接触。
在液压轴承中,润滑液体提供壳体的静止件与盘片轴毂的转动件之间的轴承表面。典型的润滑剂包括油或铁磁流体。与包括多个点的交界面的滚珠轴承组件相比,液压轴承将轴承表面散布在更大的表面上。这是人们所想要的,因为轴承表面的增加减少了转动和固定件之间的摇晃或脱出。
在用于盘片驱动器的微型液压轴承中,粘度和耐磨损性能是十分重要的考虑因素。对这些轴承来说,必须控制的润滑特性和必须获得的控制程度是很独特的。粘度决定功耗和轴承刚度,它们应该在各种操作条件下是相对恒定的。一般来说,润滑剂的粘度随着温度的上升而降低。在高速、高温的应用场合,润滑剂粘度的降低可能会导致液压轴承的相配表面由于刚度的损失而发生所不希望的下降接触,并可能导致盘片驱动器的过早损坏。
因此,在本技术领域中需要一种液体动压轴承,其润滑剂在盘片驱动器应用表现出减小的粘度对温度的依存性。
发明内容
本发明的盘片驱动器存储系统包括具有一中心轴线的一壳体、相对壳体固定且与中心轴线共轴的一静止件以及可绕中心轴线相对静止件旋转的一可转动件。一定子相对壳体固定。一转子由可转动件支承,并磁性耦合至定子。至少一个数据存储盘片附接至可转动件,并与之共轴。一液压轴承互连静止件与可转动件,并包括一润滑液体,所述润滑液体包括用于减小润滑液体的粘度对温度的依存性的一基液和一添加剂和/或多种添加剂的组合、或者多种基液。
附图说明
因此,可以参照示于附图中的实施例来获得上面所引述的本发明的特征并可以更加详细地理解上面所简要地概述的本发明的更加具体的描述。
不过,应予注意的是,附图仅示出了本发明典型的实施例,因此不应被认为是限制了本发明的保护范围,因为本发明可以采取其它等效的实施例。
图1是根据本发明的盘片驱动器数据存储设备的俯视图;
图2是根据本发明的液体动压轴承主轴电动机的剖视图;
图3是沿着图2的线3-3截取的液体动压轴承的示意性剖视图,且去除了一些部分以看得清楚一些;
图4是本发明的液压轴承润滑剂相比传统润滑剂的粘度对应于温度的曲线图;以及
图5是本发明的另一液压轴承润滑剂相比传统润滑剂的粘度对应于温度的曲线图。
具体实施方式
本发明是具有液体动压或液体静压轴承主轴电动机的盘片驱动器数据存储设备,其主轴电动机带有对于盘片驱动器的独特需求表现出减小的温度依存性的润滑剂液体成分。图1是本发明可用于的一普通的盘片驱动器10的俯视图。盘片驱动器10包括一壳体基底12,该壳体基底12与一顶盖14结合,以形成一密封的环境,以保护内部部件免受来自密封环境外部的物体的污染。
盘片驱动器10还包括一盘片叠16,该盘片叠16由一盘片夹具18安装成可在一主轴电动机(未示出)上旋转。盘片叠16包括多个单独的盘片,它们安装成绕一中心轴线共同旋转。各盘片表面有一相关的磁头20,这些磁体安装至盘片驱动器10以与盘片表面进行通讯。在图1中的例子中,磁头20由柔性件22支承,该柔性件22又附接至一执行机构本体26的磁头安装臂24。图1中所示的执行机构为被称为旋转式动圈执行机构的类型,并包括总的标识在28处的一音圈电动机(VCM)。音圈电动机28使执行机构本体26以及它附接的磁头20一起绕一枢转30旋转,以沿着一弧形的路线31将磁头20定位在所要的数据磁道之上。尽管在图1中示出了一旋转式执行机构,本发明也可用于具有诸如直线执行机构之类的其它类型执行机构的盘片驱动器。
图2是根据本发明的液体动压轴承主轴电动机32的剖视图。主轴电动机32包括一静止件34、一轴毂36以及一定子38。在图2所示的实施例中,静止件是通过一螺母40和一垫圈42固定和附接至基底12的一轴。轴毂36通过一液体动压轴承37与轴34互连,以绕轴34旋转。轴承37包括径向工作表面44和46以及轴向工作表面48和50。轴34包括供应润滑液体60并帮助沿着轴承的工作表面循环液体的液体口54、56和58。由以已知方式连接至轴34内部的液体源(未示出)来将润滑液体60供应至轴34。
主轴电动机32还包括一推力轴承45,该推力轴承形成液体动压轴承37的轴向工作表面48和50。一块对面板62支承在工作表面48上,以提供液体动压轴承的轴向稳定性,并将轴毂36定位在主轴电动机32内。在对面板62与轴毂36之间设置一O形圈64以密封该液体动压轴承。该密封防止动压液体60逃出对面板62与轴毂36之间。
轴毂36包括一中央核芯65和一盘片装载件66,后者支承盘片叠16(图1所示)以使其可绕轴34旋转。盘片叠16由盘片夹18(也示于图1)保持在盘片装载件66上。一永久磁体70附接至轴毂36的外径,并用作主轴电动机32的一转子。核芯65由磁性材料形成,并用作磁体70的护铁。转子磁体70可以形成为一体的圆环,或者可以形成为绕轴毂36的周缘间隔开地布置的多个单独的磁体。转子磁体70被磁化,以形成一个或多个磁极。
定子38附接至基底12,并包括定子叠片72和定子绕组74。定子绕组74附接至叠片72。定子绕组74与转子磁体70径向地间隔开,以允许转子磁体70和轴毂36绕一中心轴线80旋转。定子38通过诸如通过螺栓78固定至基底的一个或多个C型夹76之类的已知方法附接至基底12。
施加于定子绕组74的通讯脉冲产生与转子磁体70通讯并致使轴毂36绕轴承37上的中心轴线旋转的一旋转磁场。通讯脉冲是定时的、选择极化的直流电力脉冲,它们被引导至依次所选的定子绕组,以驱动转子磁体并控制其速度。
在图2所示的实施例中,主轴电动机32是“轴毂下方”型的电动机,其中定子38的轴向位置在轴毂36的下方。定子38还具有在轴毂36外部的径向位置,以使定子绕组74固定在叠片72的内径表面82(图3)上。在另一可选的实施例中,定子设置在轴毂内,这与在轴毂下方相反。此外主轴电动机可具有一固定的轴(如图2所示)或一旋转的轴。在旋转轴式的主动电动机中,轴承位于旋转轴与一静止的外套之间,所述外套与旋转轴共轴。
图3是沿着图2的线3-3截取的液体动压主轴电动机32的示意性剖视图,且为了清楚而略去了一些部分。定子38包括叠片72和定子绕组74,它们与转子磁体70和中央核芯65共轴。转子绕组74包括围绕叠片72中的齿缠绕的相绕组W1、V1、U1、W2、V2以及U2。这些相绕组由线圈轴线垂直于中心轴线80并与之相交的线圈轴线形成。例如,相绕组W1的线圈轴线83垂直于中心轴线80。液体动压轴承37的径向工作表面44和46由轴34的外径表面和中央核芯65的内径表面形成。一润滑液体分隔径向工作表面44和46,并在正常运作过程中两表面间保持一间隙。
润滑液体60的粘度决定功耗和轴承刚度,这些性能应该在各种操作条件下是相对恒定的。一般来说,润滑剂的粘度随着温度的增加而减小。由于润滑剂粘度随着温度的上升而以极快的速率减小时的刚度损失,液体动压轴承可能会发生过早的损坏。
根据本发明,润滑液体60包括在其温度上升时减小润滑剂粘度对温度的依存性的一基液和一添加剂和/或多种添加剂的组合、或者多种基液。较佳的基液包括全氟聚醚、合成酯、合成烃以及高度精制的矿物烃。最佳的基液包括二酯、多元酯和聚α-烯烃(PAO′s)。这些基液可以各种组合混合。基液通常在30℃下具有在约5厘泊(cP)至约30厘泊的范围内的粘度。
添加剂可以包括降低润滑液体60在温度上升时的粘度下降速率的聚合物。添加剂用来将粘度减小的速率调整成,较佳地在较高的运作温度(例如,高于40℃的温度)下粘度减小而使润滑液体变平。此外,添加剂选择成它不牺牲想要的诸如抗氧化、抗腐蚀以及耐磨损性能直流润滑性能。具体地说,如果已给定一具有不足够的温度-粘度的另一种合适的基液,则可以润滑液体60的1-50%体积的浓度将一高分子量的可溶聚合物添加至该基液中。聚合物添加剂的分子量较佳的在约1,000和1,000,000道尔顿之间。较佳的添加剂包括有机聚合物,诸如聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚异丁烯、烯烃共聚物、苯乙烯共聚物、短链醇酯或类似类型的有机聚合物。
例子
图4示出了根据本发明的包括一添加剂的润滑液体60的粘度对应于温度的曲线图。具体地说,温度-粘度曲线402示出具有二酯基液并有约25%的浓度的短链醇酯添加剂的一润滑液体60的粘度对温度的依存性。温度-粘度曲线404示出仅包括二酯基液的一润滑液体60的粘度对温度的依存性。仅包括二酯的曲线404在低于20℃的温度下具有约0.8厘泊/℃的粘度减小速率。与之对比,包括带有短链醇酯添加剂的二酯基液的曲线402在低于20℃的温度下具有约0.64厘泊/℃的粘度减小速率,这比仅包括二酯基液的润滑剂改善了28%。
此外,在液体动压轴承中,为了减少在低温(例如低于约30℃的温度)下电能用量而不牺牲在高温(例如在高于约40℃的温度)下的刚度,在低温下的功率需要量是关键的。因此,参见图4,对于曲线402的润滑剂在低温下的功率需要量将比曲线404的润滑剂在低温下的功率需要量少约16%。此外,包括带有短链的醇酯的二酯基液的曲线402的润滑剂在约85℃下的刚度约为仅包括二酯基液的曲线404的润滑剂的刚度的约96%。
图5示出了若干根据本发明的润滑液体的粘度对应于温度的曲线图。如果液体动压轴承的设计在更高的操作温度(例如高于约70℃)下要求更高的刚度,一般会使用粘度更高的润滑液体,在低温下则要求更大的功率。例如,温度-粘度曲线502示出了一高刚度的多元酯润滑液体。温度-粘度曲线504示出了带有约5%浓度的一添加剂SO991(可从Kluber Lubrication Co.购得)的二酯基液的粘度对温度的依存性。温度-粘度曲线506示出了带有约5%浓度的聚甲基丙烯酸酯添加剂7720C(可从Lubrizol Corp.购得)的二酯基液的粘度对温度的依存性。
曲线504的润滑剂在低温下的功率需要量将比曲线502的润滑剂在低温下的功率需要量少约24%。曲线506的润滑剂在低温下的功率需要量将比曲线502在低温下的温度需要量少约35%。
此外,包括带有聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯添加剂7720C的二酯基液的曲线506的润滑剂在约70℃下的刚度为仅包括多元酯润滑液体的曲线502的润滑剂的刚度的约88%。包括带有SO991添加剂的二酯基液的曲线504的润滑剂在约70℃下的刚度为包括多元酯润滑液体的曲线502的润滑剂的刚度的约101%。
尽管前面的内容是针对本发明的较佳实施例的,但可以不超出本发明的基本保护范围设计出本发明的其它和进一步的实施例,并且,本发明的保护范围是由下面的权利要求来确定的。

Claims (20)

1.一种盘片驱动器存储系统,该系统包括:
具有一中心轴线的一壳体;
相对壳体固定且与中心轴线共轴的一静止件;
相对壳体固定的一定子;
可绕中心轴线相对静止件旋转的一可转动件;
由可转动件支承并磁性耦合至定子的一转子;
附接至可转动件并与之共轴的至少一个数据存储盘片;
将一磁头支承在数据存储盘片附近以与盘片进行通讯的一执行机构;以及
互连静止件与可转动件一液压轴承,该液压轴承具有由一润滑液体分隔的工作表面,所述润滑液体包括一种或多种基液和至少一种添加剂,其中,至少一种添加剂减小随温度的上升而变化的基液粘度降低速率。
2.如权利要求1所述的盘片驱动器存储系统,其特征在于,基液选自包括以下成分的组的一润滑剂:全氟聚醚、合成酯、合成烃以及高度精制的矿物烃。
3.如权利要求1所述的盘片驱动器存储系统,其特征在于,至少一种添加剂是选自包括以下成分的组的一聚合物:聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚异丁烯、烯烃共聚物以及苯乙烯共聚物。
4.如权利要求1所述的盘片驱动器存储系统,其特征在于,至少一种添加剂是短链醇酯。
5.如权利要求1所述的盘片驱动器存储系统,其特征在于,至少一种添加剂的浓度为润滑液体体积的约1-50%。
6.如权利要求3所述的盘片驱动器存储系统,其特征在于,至少一种添加剂的分子量在约1,000道尔顿至1,000,000道尔顿的范围内。
7.如权利要求1所述的盘片驱动器存储系统,其特征在于,润滑液体在低于约10℃的温度下的百分比功率减量比在高于70℃的温度下的百分比刚度减量大。
8.一种互连一静止件与一可转动件液压轴承,该液压轴承包括在静止件和可转动件中的各个上的工作表面,所述工作表面区域在其至少一部分的表面区域之上被一润滑液体分隔,所述润滑液体包括一种或多种基液和至少一种添加剂,其中,至少一种添加剂减小随温度的上升而变化的基液粘度降低速率。
9.如权利要求8所述的液压轴承,其特征在于,基液是选自包括以下成分的组的一润滑剂:全氟聚醚、合成酯、合成烃以及高度精制的矿物烃。
10.如权利要求8所述的液压轴承,其特征在于,至少一种添加剂是选自包括以下成分的组的一聚合物:聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚异丁烯、烯烃共聚物以及苯乙烯共聚物。
11.如权利要求8所述的液压轴承,其特征在于,至少一种添加剂是短链醇酯。
12.如权利要求8所述的液压轴承,其特征在于,至少一种添加剂的浓度为润滑液体体积的约1-50%。
13.如权利要求10所述的液压轴承,其特征在于,至少一种添加剂的分子量在约1,000道尔顿至1,000,000道尔顿的范围内。
14.如权利要求8所述的液压轴承,其特征在于,润滑液体在低于约10℃的温度下的百分比功率减量比在高于70℃的温度下的百分比刚度减量大。
15.一种电动机,该电动机包括:
具有一中心轴线的一壳体;
相对壳体固定且与中心轴线共轴的一静止件;
相对壳体固定的一定子;
可绕中心轴线相对静止件旋转的一可转动件;
由可转动件支承并磁性耦合至定子的一转子;以及
互连静止件与可转动件一液压轴承,该液压轴承具有由一润滑装置分隔的工作表面,所述润滑液体包括一种或多种基液和至少一种添加剂,其中,至少一种添加剂减小随温度的上升而变化的基液粘度降低速率。
16.如权利要求15所述的电动机,其特征在于,基液选自包括以下成分的组的一润滑剂:全氟聚醚、合成酯、合成烃以及高度精制的矿物烃。
17.如权利要求15所述的电动机,其特征在于,至少一种添加剂是选自包括以下成分的组的一聚合物:聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚异丁烯、烯烃共聚物以及苯乙烯共聚物。
18.如权利要求15所述的电动机,其特征在于,至少一种添加剂是短链醇酯。
19.如权利要求15所述的电动机,其特征在于,至少一种添加剂的浓度为润滑液体体积的约1-50%。
20.如权利要求15所述的电动机,其特征在于,润滑液体在低于约10℃的温度下的百分比功率减量比在高于70℃的温度下的百分比刚度减量大。
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