CN100363826C - High speed and wide viewing angle liquid crystal displays - Google Patents
High speed and wide viewing angle liquid crystal displays Download PDFInfo
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- CN100363826C CN100363826C CNB038243393A CN03824339A CN100363826C CN 100363826 C CN100363826 C CN 100363826C CN B038243393 A CNB038243393 A CN B038243393A CN 03824339 A CN03824339 A CN 03824339A CN 100363826 C CN100363826 C CN 100363826C
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- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000019771 cognition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002772 conduction electron Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- MRNHPUHPBOKKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;tin;hydrate Chemical compound O.[In].[Sn] MRNHPUHPBOKKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Novel structural configurations of a TFT-LCD (Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display) which results in both fast response to input data and provides wide-viewing-angles. The structure of the device is comprised of one pixel electrode layer and two common electrode layers. The structure of the invention can be used with liquid crystal display television (LCD-TV) monitors that require both fast-response as well as wide-viewing-angle. In addition, other liquid crystal technologies which require high speed response would benefit from the TFT-LCD of the present invention.
Description
The present invention requires that the U.S. Provisional Application No.60/405999 of submission in 2002 26 days is had right of priority.
Invention field
The present invention relates to display, especially prepare high input data rate is had quick response and the method and apparatus of the TFT-LCD (Thin Film Transistor-LCD) at wide visual angle is provided for spectators.
Background and original technology
General T FT-LCD is response time and narrow visual angle slowly, is two limiting factors of its potential extensive endless application.
Fig. 1 illustrates the structure of general T FT-LCD.Liquid crystal (LC) layer 10 is clipped between top glass substrate 11 and the end glass substrate 12, and skim transparency electrode (tin indium oxide (ITO)) is coated in the electric field that is used for applying switchable liquid crystal on the every substrate.Usually, the electrode 13 of top substrate 11 is public electrodes of a constant voltage (as 0 volt), and here 0 volt refers to low pressure.This public electrode extends to all pixels in the whole display continuously, so be called public electrode.On the other hand, the electrode 14 on the bottom substrate 12 is called as pixel electrode, it because be assigned to the transistor controls of each pixel.The voltage that is added to LC10 changes by this electrode.When pixel electricity＞0, Fig. 1 also illustrates Electric Field Distribution E.Obviously, for this device, only have a kind of electric field, promptly vertical electric field uses this electric field to connect device by the switchable liquid crystal molecule, and this is a kind of process fast.But when disconnecting device, pixel voltage is not that to eliminate be exactly to reduce, make molecule gradually relaxation get back to low state.If only produce a kind of electric field, just cause extremely slow relaxation, thereby slowed down trip time, this is the key constraints of the numerous potential application of current liquid crystal.
Various relevant original technology of quoting is discussed below.These documents relate to three key concepts that the present invention uses: crossed-field effect, fringing field switch and multi-domain technique.
The crossed-field effect theory is (AppliedPhysics Letters ' in the paper that appeared at D.J.Channin in 1975 first, Vol.26, No.11, p.603 (1975)), (Applied Physics Letters ' in the paper that appears at D.J.Channin and D.E.Carlson that continues, Vol.28, No.6 (1976)).
After 6 years, people such as Akihiko Sugimura are at Proceedings of 14th Conference onSolid State Devices, delivered one piece of paper on the Tokyo (1982), and Akihiko Sugimura and Takao Kawamura in 1985 at Japanese Journal of AppliedPhysics, Vol.24, p.905, No.8 has delivered another piece paper on (1985).The LCD of using crossed-field effect has various shortcomings, such as the voltage request height, contrast is low, structure is more complicated, the emission heterogeneity, drive more complicated.Driving refers to be used for provide to TFT-LCD the electronic circuit of (promptly driving) required voltage (data etc.).Some type of drive is more complicated.As require different time dissimilar voltage at interval.In crossed-field effect, often require extra electrode to control two class electric fields (vertically with horizontal two kinds), so drive more complicated, so the crossed-field effect theory is not used for TFT-LCD always, because of it requires much higher operating voltage, structure is more complicated with driving, and contrast is lower.Yet the present invention utilizes different electrode design to overcome many above problems, makes crossed-field effect can be used for TFT-LCD.In addition, the present invention utilizes crossed-field effect that intrinsic wide viewing angle characteristics also is provided, and this is another epochmaking requirement to TFT-LCD televisor (TV).
People such as Seung Ho Hong are at Japauese Jourual of AppliedPhysics (Vol.40, p.L272 (2001)) paper of delivering on " Hybrid Aligned FringingField " and at Japanese Journal.Applied Physics, Vol.41 has delivered original technical research of fringing field being switched (FFS) on the pp.4571-4576 (2001).The present invention has adopted the utmost point and has been similar to a kind of structure that fringing field that people such as Seung HoHong describes switches the FFS mode configuration, and the in-plane method of changing that this pattern operation efficiency improves produces wide visual angle.By adopting this structure in the present invention, be used to produce laterally or the required voltage of fringing field has reduced, because fringing field is produced, interelectrode gap is very little, thereby might reduce operating voltage.Thereby, reduced operating voltage.Moreover the FFS structure can form well-proportioned perpendicualr field and not have the dead band, and the dead band is defined as the gap of no electric field between electrode.In the present invention, gaps between electrodes also has the electric field that the bottom substrate electrode structure produces, and this structure comprises a gapped electrode layer, is called make break electrode, separate with electric insulation layer and continuous electrode layer, but all section same transistor that all connects in the pixel of make break electrode.The bottom substrate electrode structure is similar to this structure of common FFS structure.
Yet the present invention and common FFS structure have three big-differences at least.At first, the present invention has two public electrodes, and common FFS structure has only the public electrode of a low pressure.Bao Dao FFS pattern is also used two public electrodes at last, but two public electrodes all are low pressure in this occasion, as 0 volt.Contrast with it, in the present invention, a public electrode is a high pressure, and another root public electrode is a low pressure.Secondly, liquid crystal (LC) pattern difference, common FFS uses the parallel alignment that changes with in-plane, and the FFS pattern of reporting recently that two public electrodes are arranged has been used the nematic (HAN) of hybrid-alignment.The present invention can use any liquid crystal mode, and wide visual angle mechanism of production is also different with the original technology of FFS.The 3rd, all FFS response of structure times of original technology are slow, because they do not use crossed-field effect, the disconnection process depends on the natural relaxation of LC molecule, and very slow.
In addition, original technical literature relates to multi-domain technique LCD, the present invention has adopted the wide visual angle that is called multiple domain and has formed mechanism, but the present invention and all adopt original technology of this technology to have gross differences, because the present invention produces fringing field with the FFS structure, and other original technical literature mainly produces multiple domain with projection.Referring to people's such as A.Takeda paper " MVA, Multi-Domain Vertical Alignment ", SID ' 98, p.1077 (1998).People such as K.H.Kim are at SID ' 98, and p.1085 (1998) discussed a kind of interdigitated structure of fringing field with the formation multiple domain that be used to produce.Compare with perpendicular alignmnet (VA) pattern that original technology is mainly used in addition, the present invention can use multiple different liquid crystal mode.
Therefore, need to improve current Thin Film Transistor-LCD (TFT-LCD) technology.Wish that crossed-field effect structures has low operating voltage, hard contrast, drives and be easy to make easily.For the ordinary construction of using FFS or multiple domain LCD, wish response faster.
The present invention has made significant improvement at generation and the aspect of performance of TFT-LCD, can use different LC patterns to this structure, and different LC patterns causes different optical efficiency, response time and visual angle.The LC pattern select the type that depends on application for use.
Summary of the invention
First purpose of the present invention provides structure and the method for high input data rate being used the TFT-LCD (Thin Film Transistor-LCD) with quick response.
Second purpose of the present invention provide and use and to have two public electrodes (one for low pressure as 0 volt, one is that high pressure is as 5 volts) and structure and the method for the TFT-LCD (Thin Film Transistor-LCD) of a pixel electrode, vertically come the high speed switchable liquid crystal thereby produce with non-perpendicular two kinds of electric fields.
The 3rd purpose of the present invention provides and makes crossed-field effect than normal crossing field requirement on devices voltage thereby can be applied to structure and the method for TFT-LCD (Thin Film Transistor-LCD) still less.
The 4th purpose of the present invention provides and makes crossed-field effect allow simple driving method to be used for structure and the method for TFT-LCD (Thin Film Transistor-LCD).
The 5th purpose of the present invention provides structure and the method that makes crossed-field effect have hard contrast performance and simple fabrication process to TFT-LCD (Thin Film Transistor-LCD).
The 6th purpose of the present invention provides application has the TFT-LCD (Thin Film Transistor-LCD) at wide visual angle to spectators structure and method.
By following detailed description to the present preferred embodiment that schematically illustrates in the accompanying drawing, other purpose of the present invention and advantage are just clear.
Brief description
Fig. 1 illustrates the TFT-LCD structure that common original technology has a public electrode.
Fig. 2 illustrates novel TFT-LCD structure one preferred embodiment with two public electrodes and a pixel electrode layer.
Fig. 3 illustrates the TFT-LCD structure of Fig. 2, and (dark attitude) produces uniform perpendicualr field when pixel voltage is 0 volt.
Fig. 4 illustrates the TFT-LCD structure of Fig. 2, and (bright attitude) produces new distribution map of the electric field when pixel voltage is 5 volts.
Fig. 5 illustrates second preferred embodiment of novel TFT-LCD structure.
Fig. 6 illustrates the TFT-LCD of Fig. 5, and power adds to different electrode layers.
Fig. 7 illustrates the 3rd embodiment of the use resistive film of two public electrodes.
Fig. 8 illustrates the 4th embodiment of the working medium layer with Fig. 2 new construction.
Fig. 9 illustrates the non-perpendicular distribution map of the electric field that new construction produces.
The description of preferred embodiment
Before detailed all embodiment disclosed by the invention, should understand application of the present invention be not limited to shown in the details of ad hoc structure, because of the present invention can also release other embodiment.Similarly, term used herein is used to describe purpose, not as restriction.
Note, the present invention includes liquid crystal between first substrate, second substrate, first and second substrate, between near the electrode layer first and second substrate, produce the device of electric field.Specific characteristic of the present invention is the arrangement of electrode layer, now makes a detailed description.
Public electrode can be high pressure or low pressure, connection or interrupted, and at the TFT-LCD duration of work, the voltage that applies does not rely on the input data.Pixel electrode can continuously or intermittently, added voltage depends on the input data.It is in first substrate that a public electrode is contained in substrate, and it is in second substrate that second public electrode is contained in subtegulum; In addition, the third electrode layer in the subtegulum can be designed to intermittently be referred to as one deck, uses a label in all figure.
Obviously, two public electrodes that voltage does not wait and the combination of a pixel electrode will constitute a kind ofly when changing voltage and add to pixel electrode, then have the TFT-LCD at quick response and wide visual angle.Two kinds of patterns of the connecting and disconnecting of device have realized quick response during by electric field driven; Utilize electric field, the LC molecular energy utmost point is promptly aimed at and relaxation.
Fig. 2 illustrates the novel designs of TFT-LCD structure of the present invention, and the big feature of one is to replace with a public electrode, but have 21,23, one of two public electrodes be low pressure as 0 volt, another root is that high pressure is as 5 volts.First common electrode layer 21 in the top substrate 22 has 5 volts permanent high pressure, and second common electrode layer 23 in the bottom substrate 24 has 0 volt low pressure.Public electrode 23 utilizes passivation layer 26 (electric insulation layer) and pixel electrode 25 to separate.When pixel electrode 25 is added 0 volt of low pressure, produce even perpendicualr field 30 shown in Figure 3.This even perpendicualr field that produces when pixel voltage is 0 volt causes dark attitude usually, has the switching effect that is exceedingly fast, because of it is subjected to electric field driven.This is similar to the quick switching that perpendicualr field that general T FT-LCD device produced causes.
In Fig. 4, pixel voltage is bright attitude when being 5 volts.Pixel electrode 25 is added 5 volts of voltages, because fringing field shown in Figure 4, thereby promptly set up new Electric Field Distribution Figure 40.As previously mentioned, the voltage of public electrode 21 is 5 volts in the substrate of top, and the voltage of common electrode layer 23 is 0 volt in the bottom substrate, and the voltage of pixel electrode 25 is 5 volts, so just forms the photoemissive new liquid crystal alignment attitude of a kind of difference, is generally bright attitude.The switch speed of this new state is also very fast, because it is subjected to electric field driven.Therefore, the new construction of this TFT-LCD design causes connecting and disconnecting fast, because the two all is an electric field driven.
Example 1---the voltage of a public electrode is lower
The voltage of public electrode 21 is 5 volts among Fig. 2; Strengthen transverse field for reducing vertical electric field intensity, can this voltage is lowlyer fixed.Because the transverse field grow, more molecule is switched into bright attitude, thereby helps to improve optical efficiency.Yet,, can prolong the corresponding light-dark attitude response time like this owing to formed more weak perpendicualr field.For the public electrode on the bottom substrate 24 23, residual voltage reading V=0 volt; For pixel electrode 25, V=0～5 volt.Public electrode 23 utilizes passivation layer 26 and pixel electrode 25 electric insulations.
Example 2---hearth electrode voltage is higher
Among Fig. 2, the voltage of public electrode 21 is higher, and the voltage of public electrode 23 is lower, and in principle, these two electrodes can exchange, as shown in Figure 5.Among Fig. 5, the voltage of first public electrode 51 lower (0 volt) on the top substrate 52, and the voltage higher (5 volts) of second common electrode layer 53 in the bottom substrate 54, this alternate design can cause perpendicualr field inhomogeneous, because passivation layer 56 has caused slightly high potential difference (PD).Among Fig. 5, pixel electrode 55 sends high electric field, thereby forms electric field higher when sending electric field than top electrode 51 at passivation layer 56 two ends.Notice that when description was of the present invention, " passivation layer " was commonly referred to insulation course.The voltage by changing second public electrode 53 or the voltage of pixel electrode 55 can reduce this potential difference (PD) that forms to compensate this voltage drop between the pixel electrode 55 and second common electrode layer 53 but in principle.
The public electrode of example 3---exchange and pixel electrode
Fig. 6 illustrates in the top substrate 61 5 volts first common electrode layer 60.Pixel electrode layer 62 that bottom substrate 63 supportings are 0～5 volt and 0 volt second common electrode layer 64, pixel electrode layer 62 passes through passivation layer 65 electric insulations with public electrode 64.Compare with the structure of Fig. 2, the public electrode 64 in this structure is exchanged with the position of pixel electrode 62.The ability that the selecting for use of this structure depended on manufacturing process and the electrode width and the gap of optimization.
Example 4---use resistive film
Be the distance of expansion transverse field, the pixel electrode and second public electrode that available resistive film 70 connects in the bottom substrate, as shown in Figure 7.When pixel voltage is high, the electric potential gradient that the resistive film two ends form between pixel electrode 72 and the 2nd public electrode 71, the transverse field of Jian Liing switches the LC molecule during bright attitude therebetween.First public electrode 74 in the last substrate has the high pressure as 5 volts, but this voltage for example can be reduced to 2 volts to increase lateral field strength.On the other hand, when the voltage of pixel electrode 72 was the same with voltage in the public electrode 71, then the resistive film two ends did not have potential difference (PD), because the cause of conduction electrons, all permanent current potential appears in the film two ends.Fig. 7 shows, produces a horizontal component of electric field between the pixel electrode 72 and second public electrode 71, and bright attitude is caused longer transverse edge field and high-level efficiency more.
Example 5---working medium layer
As shown in Figure 8, when the common electrode layer 80 of top substrate 81 was 0 volt, working medium layer 82 can increase the lateral field strength on LC structure cell top between common electrode layer 80 and LC layer 83, because 0 volt in the substrate of top is farther from end electric field now.Dielectric layer 82 contiguous common electrode layer 80, its effect is the cell gap that keeps little, helps to make the transverse edge field stronger, because top electrode is farther on figure.The fringing field that forms between common electrode layer 84 and the pixel electrode layer 85 becomes stronger, thereby has improved optical efficiency.
The wide visual angle structure of example 6---nature
Among Fig. 9, fringing field forms the multiple domain structure, the midplane symmetry in gap 90,91 between it and second common electrode layer 92.This multiple domain structure will along about or up and down both direction form wide visual angle.Adopt the zigzag electrode structure that is called multiple domain perpendicular alignmnet (MVA), can form wide visual angle along all four directions.Fig. 9 shows, when first common electrode layer 93 in the top substrate 94 is that the second interrupted common electrode layer 92 is the voltage of 0 volt and pixel electrode 96 when being 5 volts in 5 volts, low substrate 95, constructs because of the third edge pattern of symmetry forms multiple domain naturally.The structure of Fig. 9 is identical with Fig. 4, is how to make the different attitude of LC molecule form the wide visual angle of nature but show fringing field in addition.
Description, example and analog result that the present invention is detailed are for cognition and the development that advances the tft liquid crystal display technique provides a kind of instrument.Novel feature of the present invention includes but not limited to: use crossed-field effect in TFT-LCD; Crossed-field effect and wide visual angle are combined and realize response and wideer visual angle fast; Use two public electrode structures of two kinds of voltages of height; Produce crossed-field effect with new structure; Form multiple domain LCD with new structure.
Though in some embodiment that is expected to put into practice or amendment scheme to the present invention be described, announcement, example and diagram, but scope of the present invention is not so limited, should not limit thus yet, and specially keep other amendment scheme or the embodiment that this paper content proposes, because they all belong in the amplitude and scope of appended claim.
Claims (17)
1. Thin Film Transistor-LCD with quick response and wide visual angle is characterized in that comprising:
First substrate with first common electrode layer;
Second substrate with pixel electrode layer and second common electrode layer;
Liquid crystal between first and second substrate;
Apply the device of the voltage that does not wait to first and second public electrodes; With
Pixel electrode and second public electrode electric field generation device between two-layer in first common electrode layer and second substrate makes display provide quick response to high input data rate, and provides wide visual angle to spectators in first substrate.
2. display as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described electric field generation device has: second common electrode layer of utilizing insulation course and pixel electrode layer in second substrate to separate.
3. display as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the described device that applies voltage comprises: the device that voltage source is provided to first common electrode layer.
4. display as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the described device that applies voltage comprises: the device that voltage source is provided to second common electrode layer.
5. display as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that also comprising: the device that voltage source is provided to pixel electrode layer.
6. display as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the voltage ratio second public electrode floor height in first common electrode layer that does not wait.
7. display as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the voltage ratio first public electrode floor height in second common electrode layer that does not wait.
8. display as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that electric field generation device comprises: the resistive film between the pixel electrode layer and the second public electrode layer segment.
9. display as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that also comprising: the dielectric layer of contiguous first common electrode layer.
10. display as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the electric field out of plumb that produces.
11. display as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the electric field that produces is vertical.
12. one kind provides the method at quick response and wide visual angle to Thin Film Transistor-LCD, it is characterized in that comprising step:
Between first and second substrate, establish a liquid crystal layer; With
Between substrate, produce electric field, wherein voltage be added to first common electrode layer first substrate, second substrate of second common electrode layer and pixel electrode layer is arranged, thereby the input data are had quick response, spectators are produced wide visual angle;
Wherein each electrode layer being applied voltage comprises applying to first and second public electrodes and does not wait voltage.
13. method as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that the step that produces electric field comprises step: apply the voltage that is approximately equal to second public electrode voltages in second substrate to pixel electrode layer, thereby produce uniform vertical electric field.
14. method as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that the step that produces electric field comprises step: apply the voltage that is not equal to second public electrode voltages in second substrate to pixel electrode layer, thereby produce non-perpendicular electric field.
15. method as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that the step that produces non-perpendicular electric field comprises step:
Between the pixel electrode and second public electrode, form a resistive layer; With
Apply the voltage that is not equal to second public electrode voltages to pixel electrode, thereby produce transverse electric field.
16. method as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that the step that produces non-perpendicular electric field comprises step:
Formation one strides across the dielectric layer of one of substrate; With
Apply voltage to pixel electrode, thereby produce the highfield that has improved optical efficiency.
17. method as claimed in claim 12 it is characterized in that pixel electrode voltage depends on the input data, and the voltage of first and second public electrode does not depend on the input data.
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| US10/643,063 | 2003-08-18 |
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| CN101582004B (en) * | 2008-05-15 | 2012-12-26 | 富士通电子零件有限公司 | Method of manufacturing a coordinate detector |
| CN103871382A (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2014-06-18 | 夏普株式会社 | Display |
| CN103871382B (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2016-05-04 | 夏普株式会社 | Display |
| CN108169964A (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2018-06-15 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Encapsulating structure, liquid crystal display panel and the liquid crystal display of liquid crystal display panel |
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| CN1688920A (en) | 2005-10-26 |
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