CN100352403C - Autofat grafting apparatus, and mehtod for screening fatty granule - Google Patents
Autofat grafting apparatus, and mehtod for screening fatty granule Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN100352403C CN100352403C CNB2004100530502A CN200410053050A CN100352403C CN 100352403 C CN100352403 C CN 100352403C CN B2004100530502 A CNB2004100530502 A CN B2004100530502A CN 200410053050 A CN200410053050 A CN 200410053050A CN 100352403 C CN100352403 C CN 100352403C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- autologous fat
- fat transplantation
- transplantation device
- lipochondrion
- container
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Landscapes
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
- Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to an autologous fat transplantation device which comprises a negative pressure extracting pipe, a container of which the inside is provided with a rotary rod forming a shape of a comb with teeth, a laminar separator, a dehydrator and an injection syringe which are connected by sealing tubes and provided with pumps for providing fluid dynamic force. The present invention can quickly acquire fat granules without wounds and better purify and extract the fat granules from fat crude extract. The fat granules sieved by the device of the present invention keep good activity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to medical instruments field, particularly relate to a kind of autologous fat transplantation device and based on the lipochondrion screening technique of this device.
Background technology
Clinical autologous fat transplantation is meant that mainly the existence of health body surface is caved in or the deficiency of local organization amount, asymmetric, by the liposuction with other positions of health, is transplanted to the position of deficiency or depression, to reach therapeutic purposes.Generally comprise following step: 1. autologous fat obtains, pass through plavini, promptly inject the liquid that contains local anesthetic and angiotonin in a large number, lipochondrion is disperseed, dissociates, lipochondrion is aspirated out external by the negative pressure-pumping pipe then at subcutaneous layer of fat; 2. the lipochondrion that pumps out is cleaned, remove impurity and part moisture content, obtain pure, uniform lipochondrion; 3. with the lipochondrion of screening, inject the position that the human body domestic demand is filled by syringe.
It is best soft tissue placement method that the autologous fat granule is transplanted, but at present because of the lipochondrion survival rate of transplanting is low, problems such as abscess, capsuleization, excessive absorption takes place easily, and can't be in routine clinical application.Causing the reason of these problems, mainly is to obtain, screen at autologous fat and inject three key links, and method, the technology of application differ.Therefore the operative treatment process is with subjective understanding, and blindness is bigger.At present, obtaining, screening, injecting three links, the main technology that adopts has: 1. autologous fat obtains, the expansion suction methods that adopt more, the standard of turgor pressure or the much no science of tissue tension and clear and definite viewpoint, the suction negative pressure has the electronic manual method that also has, and negative pressure does not wait from 0.2mkpa～1.0mkpa.2. lipochondrion triage techniques, at present, in the autologous fat transplantation, the screening technique of autologous fat is more, based on craft, mainly contains: filtered through gauze method, settled process and supercentrifugal process etc.The filtered through gauze method is that the lipochondrion that will obtain is positioned on the gauze, manual big fibrous tissue, clot, the method for elimination moisture content removed; The syringe settled process is behind manual removal impurity and clot, and lipochondrion is positioned in syringe or other container, leaves standstill to treat oil-water separation, reaches the purpose of drainage; The high speed centrifugation rule is that to change centrifuge on the settled process basis centrifugal, and is separating of oil to quicken water.These methods length consuming time, efficient are low, screen of low qualityly, have influenced the fat transplantation curative effect.3. lipochondrion injection technique, at present injector to inject methods that adopt are that manual lipochondrion with screening is collected more, the syringe cylinder of packing into is changed to syringe needle thin suction tube, inserts human body and need fill the position, and fat is injected.On injection volume, injection pressure, Guan Jing, all do not have by the clear and definite standard of scientific experiments.
In sum, these prior aries exist following deficiency or shortcoming:
1. the autologous fat granule obtains, and still lacks the method to the lipochondrion activity rating at present, and therefore, in the lipochondrion acquisition process, the unequal multiple factor of pressure size is the process of a blindness to the damage of lipochondrion at present.
2. autologous fat particle screen selecting: after the autologous fat granule obtains; crude extract mainly comprises fluid oil; broken fatty tissue, water, fibrous tissue piece, clot and fatty tissue granule etc.; as the success that will guarantee to transplant; need fluid oil in the crude extract; broken fatty tissue, fibrous tissue piece, clot etc. are all removed, and only keep low amounts of water and lipochondrion.In above-mentioned three methods, filtered through gauze method and settled process can't effectively be removed broken fatty tissue and little fibrous tissue piece, the separable removal fluid oil of supercentrifugal process, most of water and fibrous tissue piece, but high speed centrifugation has bigger damage to the lipochondrion tissue, and the fatty tissue granule transplanting succeed rate that causes screening to retain is low.
3. lipochondrion injection technique: adopt manual method, lipochondrion is inserted syringe cylinder, and annotate pressure by hands lipochondrion is extruded the injection human body.The problem that this process mainly exists is that the exposure operation easily produces pollution, uneven, the easy damaged lipochondrion of hands notes pressure size.Simultaneously, not of uniform size because of lipochondrion, change in resistance is bigger, and it is wayward that hands is annotated injection volume, and local excessive injection easily causes problems such as necrosis, liquefaction.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of autologous fat transplantation device, to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of autologous fat granule of science to obtain, screening, injection device.Adopt automatically controlled and mechanical automation method numerical control, the lipochondrion crude extract is carried out noinvasive separation, the purification of full pipe sealing.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of autologous fat transplantation device, comprise: negative pressure extracting pipe, inside are provided with container, laminar separation device, dehydrator and the syringe of multiple tooth pectination swingle, connect by sealed tube between the device, and are provided with pump fluid dynamic is provided.
Described laminar separation device can be horizontal laminar flow separator or rotating centrifugal separator.The horizontal laminar flow separator is one and is provided with liquid spout, ejection hydraulic shock vibration in container, and makes liquid be divided into horizontal laminar flow, and then the streamlined separator of separation of level.The laminar separation device is a separator that is provided with delivery outlet on container side top, throws away certain layer liquid by rotation from delivery outlet.
Described dehydrator is a centrifuge or permeable membrane device.Described centrifuge is that a upper diameter is little, the double-deck taper rotor that lower diameter is big.And the dewater unit that is provided with permeable membrane be one with the permeable membrane be separate, the bottom is the spatial container that holds highly osmotic substance.
The pressure parameter of described negative pressure extracting pipe can be regulated.Syringe is to be provided by a motor of controlling automatically to inject strength.Described pump can be a negative pressure pump or peristaltic pump.Be provided with adsorbing material in the described autologous fat transplantation device in order to fluid oil.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of lipochondrion screening technique, may further comprise the steps: utilize multiple tooth pectination swingle to remove fibrous tissue piece and big piece of tissue; Utilize the laminar separation device to collect lipochondrion; Utilize the dehydrator dehydration; Utilize adsorbing material to remove fluid oil.
The present invention can obtain lipochondrion fast, noinvasive and the lipochondrion in the fatty crude extract is carried out preferably purification and separates, utilize the lipochondrion of this technology screening to keep active preferably, the survival of energy maximum ratio after the transplanting, and will greatly reduce because of problems such as impurity existence and necrosis, and the problems such as suppuration, liquefaction and fibrosclerosis piece that produce.2～3 hours that the particle screen selecting process is present, be reduced to 15～20 minutes, greatly improved the probability of fatty survival, and avoided because of the problems such as exposure infection brought of manual operations.This has also just overcome in the present autologous fat granule transplanting, the several main problem of existence, and the autologous fat granule is transplanted becomes treatment means commonly used and method.Advantage particularly of the present invention mainly by following some:
(1). in fatty acquisition process: by experiment lipochondrion Wicresoft or noninvasive parameter are determined, and according to this and the automatic control negative pressure-pumping system of design, the damage of avoiding manual operations to bring.
(2). in fatty screening process: 1. the liquid that contains fatty crude extract is applied the water column shock oscillation, cause that many compositions temporarily separate in the crude extract.Simultaneously, give liquid one mobile speed, many compositions differ because of proportion in the crude extract, form different laminar flows, thereby reach the purpose of separation and purification.This method has overcome naked eyes and has removed the omission problem of impurity and naked eyes and can't distinguish etc. and problem also to have overcome the infringement that high speed centrifugation causes lipochondrion; 2. utilize the permeable pressure head of permeable membrane, quicken the separation of oil, water, method is soft, efficient, damage and the excessively dehydration of having avoided high speed centrifugation to cause; 3. the swingle technology can effectively be removed this type of impurity by the winding to the elongated fibers bar, distinguishes more complete and accurate than naked eyes.
(3). in the lipochondrion injection process: being determined by experiment injection pressure and injection needle does not have (little) wound parameter and guarantees counterpressure and accurate injection volume by the automatic control machinery through the best.Can overcome original pressure inequality hand-manipulated, measure problems such as inaccurate, improve survival probability.
(4). lipochondrion easy infection, wound in addition, very easily downright bad, liquefaction.Designed system of the present invention is a closed system, has reduced manual operations, the sense, the pollution problem that bring because of exposure.
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of one embodiment of the present of invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of swingle device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of horizontal laminar flow separator of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of rotating centrifugal separator of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of taper interlayer centrifuge of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is provided with the structural representation of the dewater unit of permeable membrane for the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of syringe of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Relevant detailed description of the present invention and technology contents, now as follows: as at first to consult Fig. 1 with regard to accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 is the structural representation of one embodiment of the present of invention, in this embodiment, the autologous fat transplantation device is divided into three parts, and fat obtains instrument 1, fatty screening instrument 2 and lipochondrion and injects instrument 3.Wherein, it is a negative pressure extracting pipe that fat obtains instrument 1, and it extracts lipochondrion by the setting of the best bulbs of pressure, negative pressure and suction tube caliber, and obtain negative pressure or peristaltic pump 4 between instrument 1 and the screening instrument by fat, the granule that obtains is injected screening instrument.Screening instrument is removed fluid oil by adsorbing material, by hydrodynamics and swingle technology, with removals such as the blood clot in the lipochondrion crude extract, crude fibre bar, broken piece of tissue, and by infiltrate membrane technology and rotation technique removal part moisture content, at this moment, will screen good lipochondrion by negative pressure pump or peristaltic pump 4 and inject lipochondrion injection instrument 3.The suitable injection calibers that lipochondrion injection instrument 3 obtains by isostatic pressure, automatically controlled injection volume and experiment etc. inject human body with optimal injection amount and mode.Connect by sealed tube between the device of the present invention, and be provided with negative pressure pump or peristaltic pump 4 provides fluid dynamic.
Fat of the present invention obtains instrument 1 based on existing vacuum extractor, and the caliber of the negative pressure region by setting special parameter and the suction tube of special parameter and aperture, hole shape realize that noinvasive or Wicresoft obtain lipochondrion.Therefore the negative pressure extracting pipe is an extraction tube that pressure parameter can be regulated.
The noinvasive purification that fat screening instrument 2 has adopted following device to reach lipochondrion is collected:
1, swingle device-removal fibrous tissue piece and big piece of tissue
See also Fig. 2, this is the structural representation of a swingle device of the present invention.This is that a shaft-like tissue is hung comb, has some broach 7 on the bar 6, is provided with a rotation motor bayonet socket 5 at the top of bar 6, and motor can drive this tissue by this bayonet socket 5 and hang the comb rotation.In this device busy process, lipochondrion crude extract and liquid (normal saline or other buffer) are placed the tubular cup, with shaft-like tissue comb centering, and rotate with certain speed, at this moment, because of the vortex phenomenon of liquid, the heavy morphological element of quality concentrates to the center, fibrous tissue piece and big piece of tissue be attached to be hung on the swingle of multiple tooth pectination, thereby has reached the purpose of removing big piece of tissue and fibrous tissue piece.
2, laminar separation device-obtain lipochondrion
The applied fluid mechanics principle, the scheme of carrying out laminar separation has two kinds:
1) horizontal laminar flow separator: see also Fig. 3, this is the structural representation of horizontal laminar flow separator of the present invention.The horizontal laminar flow separator is a cylindrical container that crouches and put in one embodiment, and its top is provided with some mouth sprays 8.The lipochondrion crude extract is added in the flowing liquid, apply water column by mouth spray 8 and dash vibration, cause in the crude extract each morphological element to separate and scatter, simultaneously, give liquid certain flowing velocity.Main Ingredients and Appearance in the crude extract is a lipochondrion, and fluid oil, tissue debris, clot, fibrous tissue piece etc. because of the proportion difference, are divided into different levels, and in flowing because of speed differs, further separate, form different laminar flows.What float over top layer is fluid oil, and the second layer is a lipochondrion, and the 3rd layer is tissue debris and fibrous tissue piece, sinking be clot, the horizontal laminar flow separator can reach the purpose of purification by to the collection of second layer lipochondrion faster of flowing.
2) rotating centrifugal separator: see also Fig. 4, this is the structural representation of rotating centrifugal separator of the present invention.In one embodiment, the rotating centrifugal separator is the cylinder that a bottom is provided with rotation motor 10, is delivery outlet 9 in the top of tubular cup lateral opening.In the rotating centrifugal separator work process, lipochondrion crude extract and liquid (normal saline or other buffer) are positioned in the tubular cup, the tubular cup are placed on the rotation motor 10 of corresponding bayonet socket, fixing and rotate with given pace.By centrifugal with the different components layering in the lipochondrion crude extract of different specific weight, fluid oil and diameter are that the lipochondrion of uniform size about 2～3mm is in the superiors, by improving liquid level, this level can be thrown away from delivery outlet 9, and reach isolating purpose.
3, utilize adsorbing material to remove fluid oil
In above-mentioned flow process,, remove fluid oil by contacting of absorb oil material and surface layer.
4, dewater unit: the present invention can select for use two kinds of devices to reach appropriateness dehydration to the lipochondrion that obtains in different embodiment.
1) taper interlayer centrifuge: see also Fig. 5, this is the structural representation of taper interlayer centrifuge of the present invention.In one embodiment, taper interlayer centrifuge is one, and upward diameter is little, the double-deck taper cylinder that lower diameter is big, inject lipochondrion and the liquid that above-mentioned steps is obtained in two layers 11, double-deck conical cylinder is pressed the specific speed rotation, and because of gravity and centrifugal action, liquid is downward, lipochondrion upwards reaches the purpose of lipochondrion and separated form water.
2) be provided with the dewater unit of permeable membrane: see also Fig. 6, this is the structural representation that the present invention is provided with the dewater unit of permeable membrane.This is one is that separation, bottom are the container that holds the space 13 of highly osmotic substance with permeable membrane 12.With the lipochondrion that contains more moisture content that obtains, injecting this is the cup of separation with permeable membrane 12, oozes effect by height, with lipochondrion and separated form water.
See also Fig. 7, this is the structural representation of syringe of the present invention.Lipochondrion injects instrument 3 and comes down to a syringe, the special parameter design that its injection volume, syringe caliber, aperture and hole shape need according to autologous fat transplantation.It is made up of container 14, automaton, motor, the bolus plug 15, flexible pipe 16, syringe needle, in certain embodiments, on the flexible pipe hand switch 17 can also be set, where necessary can be by manually controlling injection process.With the lipochondrion of purification, inject the container 14 of syringe, give certain strength of injecting by motor, and the rotation of motor is controlled by automaton, set lasting, two kinds of power modes of interruption, and the control injection volume.
Above introduce, it only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, can not limit scope of the invention process with this, i.e. the variation that is equal to done according to the present invention of those skilled in the art in the present technique field is for example carried out combination and variation with each device among the above embodiment.And those skilled in that art improvement, the variation known, all should still belong to the scope that patent of the present invention contains.
Claims (12)
1, a kind of autologous fat transplantation device, it is characterized in that it comprises: negative pressure extracting pipe, inside are provided with container, laminar separation device, dehydrator and the syringe of multiple tooth pectination swingle, connect by sealed tube between the device, and be provided with pump fluid dynamic, rotation motor bayonet socket, broach, mouth spray, rotation motor, permeable membrane are provided, the container of described multiple tooth pectination swingle connects the laminar separation device, and the laminar separation device connects dehydrator.
2, autologous fat transplantation device according to claim 1 is characterized in that the pressure parameter of described negative pressure extracting pipe can be regulated.
3, autologous fat transplantation device according to claim 1 is characterized in that described laminar separation device is a container that is provided with the liquid spraying mouth in container.
4, autologous fat transplantation device according to claim 1 is characterized in that described laminar separation device is one and is provided with delivery outlet on container side top, separates streamlined rotating centrifugal separator by rotation.
5, autologous fat transplantation device according to claim 1 is characterized in that described dehydrator is a centrifuge.
6, autologous fat transplantation device according to claim 5 is characterized in that described centrifuge is that a upper diameter is little, the double-deck taper rotor that lower diameter is big.
7, autologous fat transplantation device according to claim 1 is characterized in that described dehydrator is a dewater unit that is provided with permeable membrane.
8, autologous fat transplantation device according to claim 7 is characterized in that it is that separation, bottom are the spatial container that holds highly osmotic substance with the permeable membrane that the described dewater unit that is provided with permeable membrane is one.
9, autologous fat transplantation device according to claim 1 is characterized in that being provided with in the described autologous fat transplantation device adsorbing material in order to fluid oil.
10, autologous fat transplantation device according to claim 1 is characterized in that described syringe is to be provided by the motor that an automaton is controlled to inject strength.
11, autologous fat transplantation device according to claim 1 is characterized in that described pump is a negative pressure pump.
12, autologous fat transplantation device according to claim 1 is characterized in that described pump is a peristaltic pump.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100530502A CN100352403C (en) | 2004-07-21 | 2004-07-21 | Autofat grafting apparatus, and mehtod for screening fatty granule |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100530502A CN100352403C (en) | 2004-07-21 | 2004-07-21 | Autofat grafting apparatus, and mehtod for screening fatty granule |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1723857A CN1723857A (en) | 2006-01-25 |
| CN100352403C true CN100352403C (en) | 2007-12-05 |
Family
ID=35923575
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100530502A Expired - Fee Related CN100352403C (en) | 2004-07-21 | 2004-07-21 | Autofat grafting apparatus, and mehtod for screening fatty granule |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN100352403C (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107823709A (en) * | 2017-08-27 | 2018-03-23 | 广州赛度检测服务有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of Grainy fat tissue |
| CN107937258A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-04-20 | 山西阳光中天医疗器械有限公司 | A kind of lipochondrion isolates and purifies device and method |
| CN107982610A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-05-04 | 山西阳光中天医疗器械有限公司 | A kind of Full-automatic grease injection system and its Full-automatic grease injection method |
| CN108014384A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-05-11 | 山西阳光中天医疗器械有限公司 | A kind of closed full-automatic fat transfer equipment and its fat transfer method |
| CN110813091A (en) * | 2019-11-16 | 2020-02-21 | 余春焰 | Fat purification method beneficial to fat transplantation |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5609572A (en) * | 1992-11-23 | 1997-03-11 | Lang; Volker | Cassette infusion system |
| CN2438453Y (en) * | 2000-08-17 | 2001-07-11 | 上海众和天工医疗器械有限公司 | Swelling fat sucking machine |
| WO2002094346A1 (en) * | 2001-05-24 | 2002-11-28 | Pearl Technology Holdings, Llc | A liposuction cannula device |
| JP2004121719A (en) * | 2002-10-07 | 2004-04-22 | Mic Mac:Kk | Hair root fat suction device |
-
2004
- 2004-07-21 CN CNB2004100530502A patent/CN100352403C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5609572A (en) * | 1992-11-23 | 1997-03-11 | Lang; Volker | Cassette infusion system |
| CN2438453Y (en) * | 2000-08-17 | 2001-07-11 | 上海众和天工医疗器械有限公司 | Swelling fat sucking machine |
| WO2002094346A1 (en) * | 2001-05-24 | 2002-11-28 | Pearl Technology Holdings, Llc | A liposuction cannula device |
| JP2004121719A (en) * | 2002-10-07 | 2004-04-22 | Mic Mac:Kk | Hair root fat suction device |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 脂肪颗粒注射隆乳 叶伊林，平萍，李青峰.实用美容整形外科杂志，第13卷第5期 2002 * |
| 脂肪颗粒移植在美容外科中的应用 陆文鹏.实用美容整形外科杂志，第8卷第6期 1997 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1723857A (en) | 2006-01-25 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US11549094B2 (en) | Adipose tissue centrifuge and method of use | |
| KR101679671B1 (en) | System for extracting regenerative cells | |
| EP2282787B1 (en) | Method and device for isolating tissue cells from a liquid | |
| US4197847A (en) | Method and apparatus for collecting transfusable granulocytes | |
| KR102349673B1 (en) | Bone marrow adipose portion isolation device and methods | |
| CN104039372B (en) | Blood constitutent separator | |
| US20200215243A1 (en) | Apparatus and methods for processing blood | |
| CN201492455U (en) | Device used for extracting, separating and transplanting fat | |
| CN112774306B (en) | Full-automatic separation, preparation and extraction device and method for multiple components of autologous fat | |
| AU644117B2 (en) | Blood pumping and processing system | |
| US20190125971A1 (en) | Small volume tissue processing devices | |
| CN100352403C (en) | Autofat grafting apparatus, and mehtod for screening fatty granule | |
| CN107983011A (en) | A kind of oil-filtering apparatus and its application method for fractionation of fatty mixed liquor | |
| CN205126438U (en) | Autologous fat purifier | |
| CN110354572A (en) | Autologous fat separating-purifying device and method | |
| CN212237775U (en) | PRP preparation facilities | |
| CN115747022A (en) | Device for purifying and collecting autologous fat mixture and purification method | |
| CN209144109U (en) | A kind of essential oil extract knockout drum | |
| CN111495614A (en) | PRP preparation device and preparation method | |
| CN2717526Y (en) | Conic sandwich centrifugal machine | |
| CN215627946U (en) | Device for purifying and collecting autologous fat mixture | |
| CN217774446U (en) | Single-pump centrifugal animal plasma collection device | |
| CN218554409U (en) | Blood PRP separator | |
| CN2717505Y (en) | Cross-flow laminar separator | |
| CN216337618U (en) | Adipose sample cell centrifuge tube |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20071205 Termination date: 20110721 |