CN100349098C - Task-based dynamic CPU working frequency regulating method and system - Google Patents
Task-based dynamic CPU working frequency regulating method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a method and a system which regulate CPU working frequency basing on the dynamic state of a task. When the task starts to run, an inner core of an operating system obtains a clock factor in the task; the inner core of the operating system modifies a clock setting register of a CPU according to the obtained clock factor; the clock setting register controls an inner phase-lock loop to output CPU working frequency corresponding to the clock factor. The present invention bases on the embedded type operating system opening a source code, has simple and easy use, achieves the seamless connection with the operating system, and simultaneously, simplifies the management design of a power supply and reduces cost. The method and the system of the present invention can effectively lower system power consumption and have high actual application value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the embedded system field, relate in particular to a kind of method and system of the dynamic adjustments CPU frequency of operation based on task.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of system integration technology, people have higher requirement to embedded device, and promptly embedded system provides higher calculated performance and jumbo storage space satisfying under the necessary real-time prerequisite.In these embedded systems, generally all be equipped with battery component and power to total system, and the cost that satisfies high performance requirements is exactly bigger energy consumption by battery component, this just must cause the shortening of battery-powered time.Studies show that in a large number the time that system is in the free time accounts for a large portion of whole service time.Power management is exactly for the energy consumption of minimizing system between at one's leisure, makes the effective energy supply rate maximization of embedded system, thus the power-on time that prolongs battery.
In order to prolong the service time of battery, in hardware art, the method for designing of low-power consumption hardware circuit has obtained widespread use.Yet, only utilize the low-power consumption hardware circuit still not enough, further, in the system design technology, the notion of " dynamic power management DPM (Dynamic Power Management) " has been proposed.In DPM, usual way is not closing or enter low-power consumption mode (standby mode) at the assembly that uses in the system; And another more effective method be exactly that dynamic frequency is selected (DFS) technology, it is satisfying under the prerequisite of instantaneous performance by dynamically regulating cpu frequency when the operation, makes the maximization of effective energy supply rate.
In the real system course of work, not all task all requires the CPU full speed running could satisfy mission requirements, and most of time systems are all in the operation idle task.Because cpu clock frequency has very significantly influence for the power consumption size, if the frequency of operation of CPU is not adjusted, tasks all in the system are all worked under CPU full speed running condition, will inevitably cause the waste of energy consumption, so we except focusing on the demand that satisfies performance, must consider also that how dynamically cpu clock is set reaches the at utmost purpose of saving power.
The low-power consumption mechanism that provides on the hardware needs software to realize bringing into play its usefulness.But usually dynamic power management DPM scheme often can be called module to DPM as of system and offers the user and use the design relative complex.Increasing suddenly of system scope self-energy is fully because the working load of system task sharply increases and the frequent utilization of peripheral hardware.Inevitably, real-time embedded operating system has just become unique desirable candidate target of realizing the DPM on the software.This be because: can the make a strategic decision operation of different application task of (1) real-time embedded operating system, can relevant real-time restricted information and the performance requirement information of collection task; (2) real-time embedded operating system can directly be controlled the hardware of bottom, DPM technology or the mechanism of utilizing hardware to provide.
Therefore, need a kind of method and system of utilizing the dynamic adjustments CPU frequency of operation of embedded OS,, under the prerequisite that guarantees system performance, reduce the energy consumption of system effectively, to reach the purpose of power saving by the frequency of operation of dynamic adjustments CPU.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of method and system of the dynamic adjustments CPU frequency of operation based on task, utilize embedded OS, by the frequency of operation of dynamic adjustments CPU, under the prerequisite that guarantees system performance, reduce the energy consumption of system effectively.
The invention provides a kind of method of the dynamic adjustments CPU frequency of operation based on task, described task comprises the clock factor as task parameters, described CPU comprises internal clocking register and phaselocked loop is set, the output clock frequency of described inner phaselocked loop can be controlled by the clock setting register, comprises the steps:
When task brought into operation, operating system nucleus obtained the clock factor in the task;
Operating system nucleus is revised the clock setting register of CPU according to the clock factor of obtaining;
Inner phaselocked loop output of clock setting register controlled and the corresponding CPU frequency of operation of the clock factor.
Wherein, the parameter of the described clock factor for being directly proportional with the CPU frequency of operation is when setting up task, as an input parameter of task.Described operating system nucleus obtains the step of the clock factor in the task, obtains by the operating system application programming interfaces.Clock factor parameter in the described task is set up on their own according to task by task design person.
Described method further comprises the steps:
When needing task to switch, the storehouse that comprises the clock setting register of preserving current task is to keep the scene intact;
Judge whether to exist task with higher priority;
If exist, then recover on-the-spot, operation higher priority task by the popping of the storehouse that comprises the clock setting register of higher priority task;
If there is no, then recover on-the-spot, continue the operation current task by the popping of the storehouse that comprises the clock setting register of current task.
Wherein, comprise the clock setting register in the described storehouse.
The present invention also provides a kind of system of the dynamic adjustments CPU frequency of operation based on task, described task comprises the clock factor as task parameters, described CPU comprises internal clocking register and phaselocked loop is set, the output clock frequency of described inner phaselocked loop can be controlled by the clock setting register, and the output clock frequency of inner phaselocked loop is that the described system of CPU frequency of operation comprises:
Clock factor parameter acquisition module is used for when task brings into operation, and obtains the clock factor in the task;
The clock setting register module is used for revising the clock setting register of CPU according to the clock factor of obtaining.
Described system further comprises the task handover module, comprising:
The on-the-spot module of preserving is used for the storehouse in task handoff procedure preservation current task, and the storehouse of being preserved comprises the clock setting register;
The priority judge module is used for comparison current task and the priority of waiting the task of moving, to judge whether to exist the operation task for the treatment of with higher priority; If exist,, move the operation task for the treatment of of higher priority then by the scene of recovering of popping that internal clocking is provided with the storehouse of register that comprises of waiting the task of moving of higher priority; If there is no, then, continue the operation current task by the scene of recovering of popping that internal clocking is provided with the storehouse of register that comprises of current task;
The on-the-spot module of recovering is used for recovering on-the-spot by the popping of storehouse of preserving mission bit stream, comprises that recovered clock is provided with the CPU frequency of operation of register with this task of resuming operation, and moves being resumed of task.
Wherein, described clock factor parameter acquisition module and internal clocking are provided with register module, are integrated among the operating system nucleus module.The parameter of the described clock factor for being directly proportional with the CPU frequency of operation is when setting up task, as an input parameter of task.The clock factor of a described input parameter as task is set up on their own according to task by task design person.Described clock factor parameter acquisition module obtains the clock factor in the task, obtains by the operating system application programming interfaces.
The method of the invention is simple and easy to usefulness based on the embedded OS of open source code, has realized and the seamless link of operating system, simplifies the power management design simultaneously, has reduced cost.The method of the invention and system can effectively reduce system power dissipation, have higher actual application value.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart according to the dynamic power management real-time system of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram according to the dynamic adjustments CPU frequency of operation of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram according to dynamic adjustments CPU frequency of operation in the task handoff procedure of the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Usually dynamic power management DPM scheme often can be called module to DPM as of system and offers the user and use the design relative complex; Not all task all needs system's full speed operation could satisfy the characteristics of task function requirement in the system and the present invention is directed to, the solution of a kind of dynamic adjustments CPU frequency of operation with the purpose that reaches power saving proposed, make clock frequency become the parameter of task, thereby the clock setting of task is open to using the deviser, the deviser of task is the CPU frequency of operation of design objective voluntarily, and in the handoff procedure of task, the switching of clock frequency does not need task design person's participation yet, is finished automatically by system.This can provide different frequency of operation with regard to the system that makes at different application, make that the operation of task is intelligent more, reaches the requirement that both can satisfy system performance, can save the purpose of system power dissipation again.
Realize that the object of the invention need possess following condition:
(1) hardware has CPU frequency of operation regulation mechanism, makes the frequency of operation of CPU to regulate by software, and in the present invention, the working clock frequency of CPU can be made amendment by the setting of corresponding registers;
(2) the CPU frequency of operation as a parameter of task, makes the CPU frequency of operation become the part of task interwoveness indirectly; Rather than provide the working method of the application programming interfaces (API) that relevant supplied usefulness calls;
(3) when carrying out the task switching, the current task clock frequency parameter can be preserved, and the clock frequency parameter of high-priority task can recover.If timing parameter can not be preserved, can cause when task is switched, high-priority task is moved by the clock frequency parameter of current moving of task, rather than moves by the frequency of operation of the actual requirement of task.
Dynamic power management of the present invention (DPM) real-time system adopts the method for hierarchical design, upwards is followed successively by hardware, Drive Layer, operating system nucleus, application layer from bottom.Fig. 1 shows the system architecture diagram of the real time embedded system inner core of integrating DPM.Comprising:
Hardware: comprise the CPU of frequency adjustable joint, described CPU comprises that inner phaselocked loop (PLL) and internal clocking are provided with register (SRF-CLK), and described clock setting register root is controlled the required frequency of operation of inner phaselocked loop output CPU according to the clock factor;
Drive Layer: store device driver, be used to realize direct driving to hardware;
Operating system nucleus: the related work of the scheduling of finishing the work, wherein to regulate be not to realize as a sub-modular form to cpu clock, but inalienable part in the kernel module, offers application developer with the form of task parameters and use;
OS API: be application programming interfaces;
Application layer: store the application program of the built-in cpu clock factor as parameter.
Usually the various frequencies of CPU inside normally the crystal oscillator frequency by the outside produce after via inner phaselocked loop (PLL) frequency multiplication, the present invention requires to control the output of inner phaselocked loop, make the output clock frequency of inner phaselocked loop, can register (SRF-CLK) be set by internal clocking controls, like this, just can accomplish to revise the frequency of operation of CPU by the value of revising SFR-CLK.
The clock factor is as the parameter of task call, and the clock factor is the parameter that is directly proportional with the CPU frequency of operation, is provided when the system design by system designer.
Based on above-mentioned real time embedded system, the present invention is directed to the characteristics that embedded system is had relatively high expectations to power consumption, a kind of method and system of the CPU of modification frequency of operation have been proposed, to reduce the purpose that power consumption of embedded system reaches power saving.The present invention can realize that the travelling speed of CPU regulates as required, when requiring the system high-speed running, and the CPU full speed running; When rate request is low, reduce the CPU travelling speed, guarantee to effectively reduce the power consumption of system under the prerequisite of system performance.
That the method for dynamic adjustments CPU frequency of operation of the present invention provides neither power monitoring operating system, neither an operating system module, but combine closely, realize the working method of seamless link with system kernel, make the parameter of the clock factor as task.When setting up task, make the input parameter of the clock factor as task, by the retouching operation system kernel, when task brings into operation, at first revise clock setting register (SFR-CLK) according to the clock factor, the CPU frequency of operation is set, make CPU require speed work according to task design person, different like this tasks can be operated in different frequency of operation by the definition of system designer, thereby is able to dynamically adjust the CPU frequency of operation, reduces the purpose of system power dissipation.
Be illustrated in figure 2 as process flow diagram, comprise the steps: based on the dynamic adjustments CPU frequency of operation of task
When task run, need carry out at first will preserving the storehouse of current task in the process of task switching; Recover on-the-spot then, the stack content that is about to the task of higher priority is popped.In the storehouse of task except comprising original necessary related register, also should comprise clock setting register (SFR-CLK), in the task handoff procedure, when the storehouse pop down is carried out at the preservation scene, by preserving the SFR-CLK of current task, reach the purpose of preserving the current task working clock frequency; When recovering on-the-spot, popping of the storehouse by the higher priority task recovers the value of register SFR-CLK, comes the frequency of operation of recovery tasks with this.
Figure 3 shows that the process flow diagram of dynamic adjustments CPU frequency of operation in the task handoff procedure, comprise the steps:
Step 301, the beginning task scheduling;
Step 302 is preserved on-the-spot.Preserve the storehouse of current operation task, in the storehouse except comprising original necessary related register, also comprise the clock setting register,, can make this task regulate the frequency of operation of CPU to this task run by the parameter of setting in order to when recovering this task once more;
Step 303 behind the preservation scene, is judged the priority of task.Need to judge current task and the priority of waiting the task of moving, determine whether the operation task for the treatment of of higher priority, whether carry out task with decision and switch,, then carry out step 304 if having; Otherwise carry out step 306;
Step 304, if the operation task for the treatment of of higher priority is arranged, then switch to this and treat the operation task, at first recover on-the-spot, recovery comprises the stack information of the clock setting register of higher priority task, popping of the storehouse that comprises the clock setting register by the higher priority task recovers on-the-spot, and adjusting the CPU frequency of operation is the desired frequency of this task, execution in step 305;
Step 305 is moved this higher priority task, returns step 301 after task is finished, and carries out task scheduling again;
Step 306 if there is not the operation task for the treatment of of higher priority, then continues the operation current task, recover on-the-spot, popping of the storehouse that comprises the clock setting register by current task recovers on-the-spot, and adjusting the CPU frequency of operation is that current task is moved desired frequency, execution in step 307;
Step 307 continues the operation current task, returns step 301 after task is finished, and carries out task scheduling again.
The characteristics that this method is had relatively high expectations to power consumption at embedded system have proposed a kind of method that on-the-fly modifies the CPU frequency of operation based on task, to reduce system power dissipation.The present invention can realize that the travelling speed of CPU regulates as required, when requiring the system high-speed running, and the CPU full speed running; When rate request is low, reduce the CPU travelling speed, guarantee to effectively reduce the power consumption of system under the prerequisite of system performance, have higher actual application value.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of method of the dynamic adjustments CPU frequency of operation based on task, described task comprises the clock factor as task parameters, described CPU comprises internal clocking register and inner phaselocked loop is set, the output clock frequency of the output of described inner phaselocked loop can be provided with register by internal clocking and control, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
When task brought into operation, the real-time embedded operating system kernel obtained the clock factor in the task;
The real-time embedded operating system kernel is according to the clock factor of obtaining, and the internal clocking of revising CPU is provided with register;
The output clock frequency that described internal clocking is provided with the described inner phaselocked loop output of register controlled is and the corresponding CPU frequency of operation of the clock factor that when needing task to switch, the internal clocking that comprises of preserving current task is provided with the storehouse of register to keep the scene intact;
Judge whether to exist task with higher priority;
If exist, then, move the higher priority task by the scene of recovering of popping that internal clocking is provided with the storehouse of register that comprises of higher priority task;
If there is no, then, continue the operation current task by the scene of recovering of popping that internal clocking is provided with the storehouse of register that comprises of current task,
The parameter of the described clock factor for being directly proportional with the CPU frequency of operation is when setting up task, as an input parameter of task.
2, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described real-time embedded operating system kernel obtains the step of the clock factor in the task, obtains by the real-time embedded operating system application programming interfaces.
3, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the clock factor in the described task is set up on their own according to task by task design person.
4, a kind of system of the dynamic adjustments CPU frequency of operation based on task, described task comprises the clock factor as task parameters, described CPU comprises internal clocking register and inner phaselocked loop is set, the output clock frequency of described inner phaselocked loop can be provided with register by internal clocking and control, the output clock frequency of inner phaselocked loop is the CPU frequency of operation, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Clock factor parameter acquisition module is used for when task brings into operation, and obtains the clock factor in the task;
Internal clocking is provided with register module, is used for according to the clock factor of obtaining, and the internal clocking of revising CPU is provided with register;
Described clock factor parameter acquisition module and internal clocking are provided with register module and are integrated in the real-time embedded operating system kernel;
Also comprise: the task handover module, comprising:
The on-the-spot module of preserving is used for the storehouse in task handoff procedure preservation current task, and the storehouse of being preserved comprises internal clocking register is set;
The priority judge module is used for comparison current task and the priority of waiting the task of moving, to judge whether to exist the operation task for the treatment of with higher priority; If exist,, move the operation task for the treatment of of higher priority then by the scene of recovering of popping that internal clocking is provided with the storehouse of register that comprises of waiting the task of moving of higher priority; If there is no, then, continue the operation current task by the scene of recovering of popping that internal clocking is provided with the storehouse of register that comprises of current task;
On-the-spot recovery module is used for recovering on-the-spot by the popping of storehouse of preservation current task, comprises that the recovery internal clocking is provided with register and deserves the CPU frequency of operation of preceding task to resume operation, and moves the current task that is resumed;
The parameter of the described clock factor for being directly proportional with the CPU frequency of operation is when setting up task, as an input parameter of task.
5, system as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, described clock factor parameter acquisition module obtains the clock factor in the task, obtains by the real-time embedded operating system application programming interfaces.
6, system as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, the clock factor of a described input parameter as task is set up on their own according to task by task design person.
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