CN100348705C - 淀粉/明胶/甘油含水复合弹性电流变胶体 - Google Patents

淀粉/明胶/甘油含水复合弹性电流变胶体 Download PDF

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CN100348705C
CN100348705C CNB2003101240019A CN200310124001A CN100348705C CN 100348705 C CN100348705 C CN 100348705C CN B2003101240019 A CNB2003101240019 A CN B2003101240019A CN 200310124001 A CN200310124001 A CN 200310124001A CN 100348705 C CN100348705 C CN 100348705C
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CN1576358A (zh
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赵晓鹏
高玲香
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
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Abstract

本发明介绍了一种淀粉/明胶/甘油含水复合弹性电流变胶体。该复合弹性电流变胶体是在直流电场作用下将不溶性淀粉分散于明胶/甘油/水组成的介质中制得的,是一种力学性能可由分散相颗粒浓度和外加电场控制的含水电流变材料。这种材料制备过程简便,材料性能稳定,无腐蚀,无污染,成本低廉。其颗粒浓度调节范围是wt%淀粉=0.5~35,由此可引起压缩模量增加至2~3倍;在淀粉百分含量为25%时,胶体的电流变效应最强烈,当胶凝电场为1.5~2kV/mm,测试电场为1.0~2.0kV/mm时,压缩模量提高了60~65%。

Description

淀粉/明胶/甘油含水复合弹性电流变胶体
技术领域  本发明涉及一种有机流变颗粒/含水有机高分子电流变胶体,特别涉及淀粉/明胶/甘油含水复合弹性电流变胶体
背景技术  电流变材料是一类智能型的软物质。电流变液体是由高介电常数、低电导率的电解质颗粒分散于低介电常数的绝缘液体中组成的复杂体系。它具有快速和可逆地对电场做出响应,并可通过调节电场强度改变其表观粘度和屈服应力的优良性能,因而被用于各种仪器上,在工业部门中有广泛的应用前景。但是由于在使用过程中存在着一些不足,如颗粒的沉降引起电流变效应的不平衡,使用仪器的被腐蚀等,电流变液体的综合性能还不能完全满足工业化要求,限制了它的广泛应用。目前学术界解决该问题多采用对分散相颗粒进行改性,来提高电流变液体的电流变效应和稳定性。
电流变胶体,是将流变颗粒分散在高分子化合物的凝胶网络中得到的复合弹性物体。其中流变颗粒在母体中被锁住,阻止了颗粒的沉降,同时颗粒在电场中因极化而导致的相互静电作用又使胶体的粘弹性在电场中改变,显示出电流变效应,而且在使用中无泄漏、对仪器无磨损。这种材料的制备和研究越来越受到人们的关注。
作为电流变胶体的母体,研究者多选用与电流变液母体相似的硅胶无水体系,这类胶体的制备时间长,成本高,且不能够在潮湿环境中生产和使用。本文采用明胶/甘油含水体系作母体得到弹性水凝胶。该胶体的制备过程简捷,成本低廉,并可在普通环境中生产和使用,而且甘油的加入,改善了单纯明胶含水胶体的弹性。
淀粉通常是由链淀粉和支淀粉两种葡聚多糖高分子组成,以颗粒形式存在,不溶于水,且在较低温度范围内分散性能比较稳定,同时它又是一种电流变形能较好的物质。在复合含水弹性电流变胶体中运用淀粉作为分散相,可以提高分散相颗粒的浓度,改善胶体的可调性。
文中着重对淀粉颗粒与明胶/甘油/水组成的弹性胶体的制备及电流变效应作了研究。
预期这种可智能化的‘软湿件’材料,在航空救生和生物医学等领域有良好的应用前景。
发明内容  本发明通过施加直流电场使淀粉颗粒分散于明胶/甘油/水复合体系中制得了一种力学性能可受电场控制的含水电流变弹性体,制备工艺简单易行,成本低廉,实验操作能在常温下进行,对设备亦无特殊要求,产品的后处理过程容易实现。本发明的具体内容如下:
将一定量明胶在60~70℃溶于一定体积的水中得到25%~30%明胶水溶液,按淀粉重量百分含量分别为0.5、5、10、15、20、25、30和35的浓度要求称取不溶性淀粉,置于与水等体积的甘油中,在玛瑙研钵中充分研磨,使淀粉均匀分散到温度约70℃的甘油中,然后加入明胶水溶液,继续研磨,至淀粉充分分散于甘油/明胶含水体系中。然后将该液状混合物转移至容积为40×20×3mm3的有机玻璃盒中,在强度为2.0kV/mm的外加直流电场或者无电场作用下胶凝1h,温度保持在25~70℃。连续在室温下胶凝7小时后,取出胶块,分别浸泡于4%的甲醛水溶液中进行化学胶联。24小时后用去离子水将胶块冲洗,浸泡,反复三次,每次5分钟,制得了淀粉/明胶/甘油含水复合弹性胶体。采用静态加载法运用自制应变仪,分别在有、无电场作用下对弹性胶体的压缩模量进行测试。
附图说明
图1有电场条件下(E=2kV/mm)胶凝所得胶体在有、无电场条件下测试的压缩模量
图2无电场条件下胶凝所得胶体在有、无电场作用下测试的压缩模量
图3不同测试电场对在电场(E=2kV/mm)中胶凝所得的胶体(wt%淀粉=25)压缩模量的影响
具体实施方式  本发明的具体实施过程和方式由以下实施事例并附图详细说明。
实施例一:(有电场条件下(E=2kV/mm)胶凝所得胶体在有、无电场条件下测试的压缩模量)
将在有电场(E=2kV/mm)作用下胶凝所得的弹性胶体分别在有、无电场(E=1kV/mm)条件下测试其压缩模量,并分别对淀粉质量百分浓度作图,如图1。
实施例二:(无电场条件下胶凝所得胶体在有、无电场作用下测试的压缩模量)
将在无电场作用下胶凝所得的弹性胶体分别在有、无电场(E=1kV/mm)条件下测试其压缩模量,并分别对淀粉质量百分浓度作图,如图2。
实施例三:(不同测试电场对在电场(E=2kV/mm)中胶凝所得的胶体(wt%淀粉=25)压缩模量的影响)
将在电场(E=2kV/mm)存在条件下胶凝得到的淀粉百分含量为25%的弹性胶体,在不同电场(0,1.0,1.25,1.5,1.75,2.0kV/mm)作用时测试其压缩模量,结果如图3

Claims (3)

1.一种淀粉/明胶/甘油含水复合弹性电流变胶体,该材料由分散相淀粉和连续相明胶/甘油/水组成,其主要特征是制备材料的过程使淀粉在明胶水溶液中充分分散后通过施加直流电场作用使淀粉有序散布在连续相中胶凝完成。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的淀粉/明胶/甘油含水复合弹性电流变胶体,其特征在于分散相淀粉的颗粒大小是6~14μm,质量百分浓度是0.5%~35%,连续相是明胶/甘油/水,其中明胶在连续项中的百分含量保持为25%~30%,甘油和水的体积比为1∶1~1∶1.3。
3.一种如权利要求1所述的淀粉/明胶/甘油含水复合弹性电流变胶体,其特征在于制备工艺过程包括以下步骤:
(1)将一定量明胶在60~70℃溶于一定体积的水中得到25%~30%明胶水溶液,按淀粉重量百分含量分别为0.5、5、10、15、20、25、30和35的浓度要求称取不溶性淀粉,置于与水等体积的甘油中,在玛瑙研钵中充分研磨,使淀粉均匀分散到温度约70℃的甘油中;
(2)将明胶水溶液加入淀粉/甘油中,研磨2h,至淀粉充分分散于明胶/甘油含水体系中;
(3)将液状混合物转移至容积为40×20×3mm3的有机玻璃盒中,在强度为2.0kV/mm的外加直流电场作用下胶凝1h,温度保持在25~70℃;
(4)连续在室温下胶凝7h后,将得到的胶块浸泡于4%的甲醛水溶液中进行化学胶联,24h后用去离子水将胶块冲洗,浸泡,反复三次,每次5min,制得了淀粉/明胶/甘油含水复合弹性电流变胶体。
CNB2003101240019A 2003-07-15 2003-12-11 淀粉/明胶/甘油含水复合弹性电流变胶体 Expired - Fee Related CN100348705C (zh)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108709811A (zh) * 2018-05-25 2018-10-26 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 粘弹性胶体力学性能测试方法

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CN102390452A (zh) * 2011-10-17 2012-03-28 郑州轻工业学院 一种改进的柔性电控吸附装置

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US5412006A (en) * 1994-03-14 1995-05-02 Dow Corning Corporation Electrorheological cels and a method for the preparation thereof
US5505871A (en) * 1993-11-23 1996-04-09 General Atomics Electrorheological elastomeric composite materials
CN1314457A (zh) * 2000-03-21 2001-09-26 西北工业大学 高聚糖与无机氧化物杂化材料电流变液及其制备方法

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US5412006A (en) * 1994-03-14 1995-05-02 Dow Corning Corporation Electrorheological cels and a method for the preparation thereof
CN1314457A (zh) * 2000-03-21 2001-09-26 西北工业大学 高聚糖与无机氧化物杂化材料电流变液及其制备方法

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108709811A (zh) * 2018-05-25 2018-10-26 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 粘弹性胶体力学性能测试方法

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