CN100343471C - 钻井扩孔器 - Google Patents

钻井扩孔器 Download PDF

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CN100343471C
CN100343471C CNB2004800015660A CN200480001566A CN100343471C CN 100343471 C CN100343471 C CN 100343471C CN B2004800015660 A CNB2004800015660 A CN B2004800015660A CN 200480001566 A CN200480001566 A CN 200480001566A CN 100343471 C CN100343471 C CN 100343471C
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axostylus axostyle
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CN1717528A (zh
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S·F·塔克豪特迪诺夫
N·G·易卜拉欣莫夫
K·Z·卡维夫
G·S·阿布德拉赫曼诺夫
N·K·哈米蒂亚诺夫
I·K·卡沙波夫
R·G·阿布德拉赫曼诺夫
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Borovichsky Kombinat Ogneuporov OAO
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/26—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers
    • E21B10/32—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools
    • E21B10/322—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools cutter shifted by fluid pressure

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  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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  • Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及钻井技术，尤其是涉及在给定的范围内增加钻井直径用的装置。扩孔器的壳体具有径向孔和中心通槽，在壳体放置弹簧加载的轴杆，轴杆的下部和上部带有孔，上部的孔在扩孔器的工作元件处于工作位置时被覆盖。在壳体的外表面上设有倾斜凹槽，其中固定带有轴颈的凸耳，凸耳安装在支座内，在其上固定铣刀。支座与圆柱形活塞刚性地接合，放置在壳体的倾斜钻孔内，这些钻孔与中心通槽连通，以及与外部环境密封。活塞借助滑块与轴杆连接。滑块有可能相对于轴杆径向地移动，以及在壳体的凹槽内垂直地移动。本发明提高了扩孔器的工作能力和可靠性。

Description

钻井扩孔器
技术领域
本发明涉及钻井技术，尤其是涉及在给定的范围内增加钻井直径用的装置。
背景技术
已知一种钻井扩孔器，包括带有倾斜凹槽的壳体和位于壳体中并通过轴杆弹簧加载的活塞，固定在壳体的倾斜凹槽内的带有轴颈的凸耳，在其上悬臂地安装滚子铣刀(前苏联发明人证明№ 582373，кл.E21B 7/2861977年)。
已知装置的缺点是它在钻井内没有可靠的定中心，因为它的结构不允许在其壳体上放置多于两个工作元件，而不会损害它的强度。这导致在钻井的扩孔过程中元件的振动和跳动。在此种情况下钻井扩孔段的表面变得不平坦，这样不能保证在钻井的钻探复杂区的隔离时优质地安装异型套管。岩石的铣切速度也很低。
此外，在上述已知的扩孔器内，铣刀悬臂地固定在凸耳上，没有固定轴颈的自由端，这样降低了工作机构的强度，以及在机械载荷增加时导致其断裂。
按照大多数相符的特征最接近本发明的装置的是一种扩孔器，包括带有倾斜凹槽和中心通槽的壳体，在中心通槽中放置轴杆，轴杆由弹簧朝壳体的下端边加载，在壳体的倾斜凹槽内固定带有轴颈的凸耳，在凸耳上安装铣刀，钻井扩孔器还包括支座，在支座中放置凸耳轴颈的自由端，凸耳轴颈的自由端借助推杆与轴杆相互作用(俄国专利№2172385 кл.E21B 7/28，2001年)。
该装置的缺点是低的工作能力和可靠性，这是由于它的结构中存在与环形活塞的轴杆刚性的连接，以及支座的推杆成形为双环拉杆，不能承受大的力载荷。此外，已知的扩孔器的结构不允许实现对它的工作元件引导至工作位置的控制。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种提高扩孔器的工作能力和可靠性的钻井扩孔器。
为实现本发明的上述目的，本发明提供了一种钻井扩孔器，包括带有倾斜的凹槽和中心通槽的壳体，在中心通槽中放置轴杆，轴杆由弹簧朝壳体的下端边加载，在壳体的倾斜凹槽内固定带有轴颈的凸耳，在凸耳的上面安装铣刀，钻井扩孔器还包括支座，在支座中放置凸耳的轴颈的自由端，所述的轴颈的自由端借助支座的推杆与轴杆相互作用，其特征在于，支座的推杆制造为圆柱形活塞的形状，放置在壳体的倾斜的孔内，相对于壳体的通槽和外部环境是密封的，支座的推杆的末端与支座连接，而其相对的末端固定在轴杆上，而可相对于其壁部径向移动，其中壳体的中心通槽通过设在壳体的壁部和轴杆上的各个孔与外部环境连通，这些孔在带有铣刀的凸耳移动至工作位置时被覆盖。
附图说明
图1示出在输送状态的扩孔器的纵剖面图；
图2示出在钻井扩孔时的扩孔器的纵剖面图；
图3示出图1内的沿直线A-A的横剖面图。
具体实施方式
钻井扩孔器(图1)包括带有中心通槽2的壳体1，在中心通槽中放置轴杆3，借助弹簧4弹簧加载至壳体1的下端边，弹簧4放置在空腔5内，空腔是由壳体1的内壁和轴杆3的外壁形成的。空腔5通过制造在壳体1壁内的孔6与外部环境连通，并通过设在轴杆3壁内的孔7与壳体1的中心通槽2连通。空腔5借助密封件8与中心通槽2隔离，而轴杆3的孔7设有使得当轴杆3移动至最上面位置时这些孔7被一个支承套筒9覆盖。
壳体1具有“燕尾”型的外倾斜凹槽10(图1，3)，其中固定带有轴颈12的凸耳11，在它们的上面安装带有硬质合金齿14的可转动的铣刀13。这样的齿也设置在凸耳11上，以实现校正器的功能。轴颈12的自由端15固定在支座16内，并且也放置在壳体1的倾斜凹槽10内，以及与放置在壳体1的倾斜孔18内的圆柱形活塞17刚性地连接。活塞的自由端19借助滑块20设在轴杆3的孔21内，使得有可能径向地移动。孔18通过壳体1的纵向凹槽22与壳体1的通槽2连通，并且借助密封件23与外部环境密封。
在壳体1的一端设有螺纹24，用于通过转接器26与钻探管组25接合(图2)，而在壳体1的另一端设有螺纹27，用于与具有颗粒冲洗孔的钻探钻头接合(图中未示出)。
钻井扩孔器以下列方式工作。
在壳体1的螺纹27上拧上钻探钻头(图中未示出)，而在螺纹24上拧上转接器26，将扩孔器连接至钻探管组25以及下降至钻井28内(图2)。
在钻井的给定的深度钻探管组25开始转动，并且同时供给钻探管组冲洗液体，冲洗液体进入壳体1的中心通槽2，以及随后进入钻头的冲洗孔，在钻头中建立一个压力差。随着钻头上面的压力差的增加，借助滑块20与轴杆3连接的活塞17克服弹簧4的力移动支座16和借助轴颈12固定在其内的铣刀13和凸耳11沿着倾斜凹槽10至工作位置，直至在转接器26的端面29被止挡。在此时液体由空腔5通过壳体1的孔6排至钻井28的环形空间，而轴杆3内的孔7被支承套筒9覆盖，这样在扩孔器内建立压力急剧的升高，该压力的升高是扩孔器的工作元件(凸耳11和铣刀13)进入工作位置的一个信号。随后供进钻井扩孔器向下，钻井扩大至给定的范围。
在钻井扩孔结束后，供至钻探管组25的液体增压停止。在此时弹簧4延伸，把轴杆3和与其连接的活塞17，支座16和带有铣刀13的凸耳11返回至运输位置。
在引导工作元件至工作位置和将它们返回至运输位置时，与活塞17刚性连接的滑块20沿着壳体1的凹槽22移动，实现在轴杆3的孔21内的径向移动，也就是移出孔和移进孔。
扩孔器的这种结构由于工作机构移动至工作位置更完善的机理和保证有可能控制它们的移动提高了其工作能力和可靠性。

Claims (1)

1.一种钻井扩孔器，包括带有倾斜的凹槽和中心通槽的壳体，在中心通槽中放置轴杆，轴杆由弹簧朝壳体的下端边加载，在壳体的倾斜凹槽内固定带有轴颈的凸耳，在凸耳的上面安装铣刀，钻井扩孔器还包括支座，在支座中放置凸耳的轴颈的自由端，所述的轴颈的自由端借助支座的推杆与轴杆相互作用，其特征在于，支座的推杆制造为圆柱形活塞的形状，放置在壳体的倾斜的孔内，相对于壳体的通槽和外部环境是密封的，支座的推杆的末端与支座连接，而其相对的末端固定在轴杆上，而可相对于其壁部径向移动，其中壳体的中心通槽通过设在壳体的壁部和轴杆上的各个孔与外部环境连通，这些孔在带有铣刀的凸耳移动至工作位置时被覆盖。
CNB2004800015660A 2003-04-11 2004-03-30 钻井扩孔器 Expired - Fee Related CN100343471C (zh)

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WO2004090277A1 (en) 2004-10-21
CN1717528A (zh) 2006-01-04
EP1614852B8 (en) 2007-06-13
US20060118339A1 (en) 2006-06-08
RU2234584C1 (ru) 2004-08-20
US7325630B2 (en) 2008-02-05
DE602004005324D1 (de) 2007-04-26
DE602004005324T2 (de) 2007-11-22
EP1614852A8 (en) 2006-04-12
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