CN100336318C - A method and device for intelligent antenna array calibration of TDD wireless communication system - Google Patents
A method and device for intelligent antenna array calibration of TDD wireless communication system Download PDFInfo
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- CN100336318C CN100336318C CNB200410028023XA CN200410028023A CN100336318C CN 100336318 C CN100336318 C CN 100336318C CN B200410028023X A CNB200410028023X A CN B200410028023XA CN 200410028023 A CN200410028023 A CN 200410028023A CN 100336318 C CN100336318 C CN 100336318C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a calibration device for an intelligent antenna array of a TDD wireless communication system, which comprises N antenna array units, N filtering couplers, and at least one power branch/combiner, wherein the N filtering couplers are correspondingly connected with the N antenna array units and the N radio frequency channels of a base station respectively; the combination end of the power shunt /combiner is connected with the calibration end of a calibration signal unit of the base station, and the branch end is respectively connected with the coupling ends of the N filtering couplers. When the present invention is used for calibrating, the base station outputs calibration beacon signals which are transmitted to the corresponding receiving channels of the base station after divided into N paths by the power shunt /combiner and input into the N filtering couplers, and the received calibration beacon signals are processed by the receiving channels of the base station. N signal transmitting channels of the base station respectively transmit the calibration beacon signals to the corresponding filtering couplers, the calibration beacon signals are input to the receiving channels of the base station by the power shunt /combiner, and the calibration signals from the N signal transmitting channels are processed by the receiving channels of the base station. The present invention increases the calibration accuracy and solves the problem that the calibration process is affected by the environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of realization TDD (time division duplex) wireless communication system Calibration Method and device, relate in particular to the collimation technique of a kind of TD-SCDMA and PHS intelligent antenna array of radio communication system, be used for the amplitude and the phase characteristic of TDD wireless communication base station system transceiver channel are calibrated.
Background technology
In recent years, in wireless communication technology field, intelligent antenna technology has become one of the most attractive technology of moving communicating field.Smart antenna adopts space division multiple access technique, utilizes the difference of signal in transmission direction, with same frequency or same time slot, come with the signal distinguishing of code channel, maximally utilises limited channel resource.Compare with non-directional antenna, the antenna gain of its uplink and downlink link improves greatly, has reduced transmitted power level, has improved signal to noise ratio, has overcome the influence of Channel Transmission decline effectively.Simultaneously because the direct directed towards user of antenna lobe, reduced and this sub-district between other user, and and the neighbor cell user between interference, and reduced the multipath effect of mobile telecommunication channel.Intelligent antenna technology is the orthogonality of utilizing a plurality of channel units space in itself, i.e. the multiplexing function of space division multiple access improves the capacity and the availability of frequency spectrum of system.Receive and launching beam for smart antenna can be synthesized exactly, must know the difference between each array element, each channel cable and the transceiver channel of forming this smart antenna array, promptly radiofrequency signal is poor by amplitude and phase change behind each channel link.So, use intelligent antenna technology, just must know interchannel amplitude and phase change characteristic, this has just introduced the notion of calibration.
The calibration of intelligent antenna channel is a key technology in the wireless communication system smart antenna.Because part category used in the radio-frequency channel is a lot, and have certain inconsistency between the selected device of each passage, the inconsistent device string of a plurality of characteristics has caused amplitude and the phase change difference between the passage together.And this variation difference is relatively more responsive to temperature, frequency of utilization and external environment condition, so require the calibration of antenna system to carry out in real time.
Initial intelligent antenna calibration technology mainly is to adopt the direct method of measurement.Promptly utilize instrument that each radio-frequency channel is measured respectively, obtain its amplitude and phase change characteristic, thereby obtain one group of calibration data of this system.The measurement that this method relates to comprises passage components such as each passage transceiver, radio frequency feed line, antenna array, and all measurements all must be carried out at the scene, and process is more numerous and diverse.And the method can not be carried out real time calibration, and calibration accuracy is also accurate inadequately.But this calibration steps can obtain the amplitude machine phase difference between each passage normal condition lower channel, and the calibration data that obtains in existing scheme generally is used for off-line calibration.
Technology after the development is calibrated the smart antenna transceiver channel of wireless communication base station system, mainly be to adopt the mode of placing a boresight antenna, realize the amplitude of base station sending and receiving passage and the calibration of phase place by send out, receive (corresponding to the sending and receiving of base station radio-frequency passage) calibrating signal by boresight antenna in smart antenna array central authorities.But this mode is subjected to the restriction of following factor in actual use:
1, mode requires the signal transmission path between boresight antenna and the normal dual-mode antenna to want strict conformance.But in the middle of actual installation, the antenna installation environment is different, smart antenna be subjected to the influence of surrounding buildings thing and make the amplitude of transmission signals between boresight antenna and each array element of aerial array and phase characteristic also just inconsistent, thereby influence the antenna system performance.
2, the boresight antenna that is positioned at the smart antenna array center position can cause certain influence to the radiation of other antenna element around it.
3, this mode can only be used for the ring array antenna system, for the linear array antenna system, owing to be not that symmetry is placed and can't be used between boresight antenna and each array element of aerial array.
Application number is 01120547.4 Chinese patent, utilizes diagram to describe this calibrate antenna mode respectively at the have no occluder environment and the signal propagation path of boresight antenna in the shelter environment is arranged, and points out that this mode will influence the calibration accuracy of system.Simultaneously, this patent application also discloses a kind of coupling calibration networks of smart antenna array, comprises the individual identical antenna element of N (〉=2) and is produced on N microstrip directional coupler and power shunt/synthesizer on the printed circuit board (PCB).As shown in Figure 1, coupling calibration networks adopts 1: 2 power shunt/mixer, comprises 24,8 radio-frequency receiving-transmitting interfaces 25 that are connected with 8 transceivers of base station system of interface and 1 RF calibration interface 26 that is connected with base station system of 23,8 of 22,7 power shunt/mixers of 21,8 microstrip directional couplers of 8 antenna elements and antenna element.Each antenna element 21 is interface 24 by separately and corresponding microstrip directional coupler 22 connections respectively, the radio-frequency receiving-transmitting interface 25 that each microstrip directional coupler 22 passes through separately respectively is connected with base station system, realize being of coupled connections of each antenna element and base station system transceiver, simultaneously be connected to RF calibration interface 26, be connected with base station system by RF calibration interface 26 through 7 power shunt/mixers 23.When calibration coupling, the known power signal that transmitter is sent by the radio-frequency receiving-transmitting interface carries out transmitting calibration by RF calibration interface input transmitter and handles after microstrip directional coupler coupling and power are synthetic; The known power signal that the base station is sent by the RF calibration interface receives calibration process by radio-frequency receiving-transmitting interface input receiver after power division and microstrip directional coupler coupling.This scheme can improve calibration accuracy to a certain extent, but because described scheme is produced on N microstrip directional coupler and power shunt/synthesizer on one printed circuit board (PCB), smart antenna array element quantity is restricted, and disposes underaction in actual the use.
Chinese patent 99111350.0 discloses a kind of method and apparatus that is used for the real-time calibrating intelligent antenna battle array.The technical scheme of the coupled structure of being advised in this patent application has two kinds: a kind of be to use a symmetry on geometry, the beacon antenna that is in the array antenna center comes antenna system is calibrated; The passive network that another kind is to use a coupler and power splitter to form realizes that coupled structure calibrates antenna system.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: the coupling calibrating installation and the coupling calibration steps that design a kind of TDD of being used for intelligent antenna array of radio communication system, this technical scheme can solve the problem that calibration accuracy is influenced by installation environment and installation experience in the engineering practice well, and method is easy and simple to handle.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that is adopted to be:
A kind of TDD intelligent antenna array of radio communication system calibrating installation comprises: N bay, base station calibration signal element, at least one power shunt/mixer; The calibration terminal of closing terminal connection base station calibration signal element of described power shunt/mixer; It is characterized in that: described device also comprises N filter couplers, described filter couplers comprise with the antenna end of the corresponding connection of described bay, with the corresponding base station end that is connected of described base station radio-frequency passage, with the corresponding coupled end that is connected of the branch terminal of described power shunt/mixer, inner forward coupler, inner reverse coupler and the circulator that is used for Signal Spacing; When the calibration beacon signal was imported via described coupled end, described calibration beacon signal entered described inner reverse coupler through described circulator, and was coupling in the end output of described base station through described reverse coupler; When calibrating beacon signal when described base station end is imported, described calibration beacon signal is coupled to described circulator through described forward coupler, and through described coupled end output; Wherein N is the positive integer more than or equal to 2.
Described antenna array calibration device, wherein: a described N filter couplers is to be integrated in the needed cavity body filter of system by directional coupler to constitute; The coupling value of a described N filter couplers can be any effective value.
Described antenna array calibration device, wherein: described bay can be ring array or linear array smart antenna array array element.
Described antenna array calibration device, wherein: described ring array can be circular, oval, regular or irregular polygon; Described linear array array element can be uniformly-spaced or unequal interval at interval.
Described antenna array calibration device, wherein: described power shunt/mixer can be single 1: N power shunt/mixer, also can be by a plurality of shunt/mixers less than the N road be formed by connecting 1: N power shunt/mixer.
A kind of calibration steps of using above-mentioned calibrating installation said method comprising the steps of:
A, N smart antenna array element correspondence is provided with N identical filter couplers and at least one the power shunt/mixer that is connected with N filter couplers;
B, the antenna end of a described N filter couplers is connected with described N smart antenna array element respectively, its base station end then is connected with N base station radio-frequency passage respectively by radio frequency cable; High-ranking officers' definite message or answer mark signal inserts the terminal of closing of described power shunt/mixer, and the branch terminal of described power shunt/mixer connects the coupled end of described N corresponding filter couplers respectively by radio frequency cable;
C, by base station output calibration beacon signal, import described power shunt/mixer through the described terminal of closing, described calibrating signal is divided into the N road after described coupled end is imported a described N filter couplers respectively by described power shunt/mixer again, calibrating signal through described filter couplers is exported from the base station end of filter couplers, transfer to corresponding base station receive path by radio frequency cable, handle the calibration beacon signal that receives by the base station receive path, finish calibration uplink receiving channel;
D, send the base station end of described calibration beacon signal respectively to corresponding described filter couplers by the N of base station the passage of posting a letter, and outputing to described power shunt/mixer through its coupled end, to carry out power synthetic, import described base station receive path through the terminal of closing of overpower shunt/mixer again, described base station receive path is handled the calibrating signal from base station N the passage of posting a letter respectively, finishes the calibration to the descending passage of posting a letter.
Described calibration steps, wherein: described step C and step D, its order can be exchanged.
Described calibration steps, wherein: the described calibration beacon signal that receives of handling by the base station receive path of step C, comprise that following processing: N base station receiver is sent to the base station signal processing unit to the signal unification of N the passage that receives, the base station signal processing unit compares the characteristics of signals of N passage and the calibration beacon signal of calibrating signal processing unit emission.
Described calibration steps, wherein: the described base station of step D receive path is handled the calibrating signal from base station N the passage of posting a letter respectively, comprise following processing: the calibrating signal of closing terminal from power shunt/mixer is delivered to the calibrating signal processing unit, the calibrating signal processing unit is handled the calibrating signal of N passage respectively, and compares with calibration beacon signal that the base station signal processing unit is sent.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: one of the technical solution used in the present invention and patent 99111350.0 disclosed use beacon antenna symmetry, that be in the array antenna center on geometry comes principle that antenna system is calibrated completely different.Technical solution of the present invention, because calibrating signal directly inserts filter couplers to signal in the back along separate routes by power shunt/mixer, the coupling of filter couplers is to realize by the directional coupler in the filter couplers, signal passes through wire transmission fully, and filter couplers has isolates and filter action, therefore, the harmonic signal of calibrating signal and generation thereof will have been arrived minimum to the influence of system and space outerpace, also guarantee that external environment condition do not disturb system simultaneously.Secondly, because calibrating signal is fully by wire transmission, the width of cloth phase inconsistency between each passage can quantitatively determine, not because of external environment influence changes, these inconsistency data can be stored among the EEPROM of system and do to calibrate and use.Based on above technical scheme, the influence of environment to calibration process eliminated by system, increased calibration accuracy, and calibrating signal has also reduced much the radiation that produces outside the system simultaneously.Simultaneously, the present invention has made full use of the characteristic of filter and coupler, and directional coupler is integrated in the needed cavity body filter of system, forms the filter couplers with filtering and coupling function.Owing to adopted this filter couplers, in the process that realizes the calibration of the amplitude of TDD wireless communication base station system transceiver channel and phase place, filter couplers except the coupling function of realizing calibrating signal, also filtering around various spurious signals.
Coupling calibration networks with respect to Chinese patent 01120547.4 disclosed smart antenna array, advantage of the present invention is: the array element quantity of smart antenna can flexible configuration, the quantity that is filter couplers is decided according to the number of active lanes of system configuration, and need not be according to a plurality of different coupling calibration networks of the different configuration designs of system.Simultaneously, the present invention can not exert an influence to the form of smart antenna.
In a word, the present invention is simple, practical, easy to operate, can reduce engineering staff's operating procedure, and, save the space.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the enforcement circuit theory diagrams of the coupling calibration networks of Chinese patent 01120547.4 disclosed a kind of intelligent antenna array of radio communication system.
Fig. 2 is the structural principle block diagram of the TDD radio communication base station of use the inventive method and device.
Fig. 3 is enforcement circuit theory diagrams of filter couplers of the present invention.
Fig. 4 implements the operation principle schematic diagram that circuit is calibrated uplink receiving channel for filter couplers.
Fig. 5 implements the operation principle schematic diagram that circuit is calibrated the descending passage of posting a letter for filter couplers.
Embodiment
With embodiment the present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings below:
Referring to Fig. 2, a kind of architecture of base station that uses the TDD mobile communication system with intelligent antenna calibration function of the inventive method and device shown in the figure.This architecture of base station mainly comprises the identical smart antenna array element 11 of N, a N identical filter couplers 12, a N base station transceiver 13, one or more power shunt/mixer 14, radio frequency cable 15 that is used to transmit calibrating signal, radio frequency cable that identical being used to of N bar transmits transceiver signal 16, a base station signal processing unit 17 and a calibrating signal processing unit 18.Wherein.Described N is the positive integer more than or equal to 2.Each bay 11 is continuous with corresponding base station transceiver 13 by filter couplers 12 and radio frequency cable 16 respectively; Radio frequency cable 15 1 ends that are used to transmit calibrating signal link to each other with the coupling aperture of filter couplers by power shunt/mixer, other end connection calibrating signal processing unit 18; What base station signal processing unit 17 was handled is the data that base station transceiver 13 receives or launches; Communicate between base station signal processing unit 18 and the calibrating signal processing unit 17, thus the calibration function between each passage of realization base station transceiver.
N among a present invention filter couplers is to be integrated in the needed cavity body filter of system by directional coupler to constitute, and has the dual-use function of filtering and coupling.Implement circuit for one that Figure 3 shows that filter couplers of the present invention.Comprise the antenna port 31 that is connected with smart antenna array element, the base-station interface 32 that links to each other with base station transceiver, the coupling port 33 that links to each other with power shunt/mixer, inner forward coupler 34, inner reverse coupler 35 and the circulator 36 that is used for Signal Spacing.Wherein: described inner forward coupler 34 and reverse coupler 35 can be any attainable coupled modes; The described circulator that is used for Signal Spacing can be any isolation structure of realizing the Signal Spacing function.Filter couplers is also finished the filter function to various spurious signals except the coupling function of realizing calibrating signal.As seen from Figure 3, when calibrating signal was imported by coupling aperture 33, signal entered inner reverse coupler 35 through circulator 36, was coupling in base-station interface 32 outputs through reverse coupler 35; Because the buffer action of circulator 36, the power that calibrating signal enters forward coupler 34 is very little, thereby also very little by the power of antenna port 31 outputs, thereby has guaranteed that up calibrating signal is very faint to the influence that surrounding environment causes in antenna end output.
Operation principle of when Fig. 4 has illustrated to adopt filter couplers shown in Figure 3 base station uplink receiving channel having been calibrated and method.Base station calibration signal processing unit 18 produces and launches the radiofrequency signal of a known power, and this calibrating signal is input to power shunt/mixer 14 by calibrate radio frequency signal cable 15, and what the power shunt/mixer of this moment played is power function along separate routes.N road calibrating signal by 14 outputs of power shunt/mixer is injected filter couplers 12 by the coupling interface 33 of N filter couplers respectively, calibrating signal coupling through reverse coupler 35 under the effect of circulator 36 is exported by the base-station interface 32 of filter couplers, the receiver of delivering in the base station transceiver 13 through receiver and transmitter radio frequency cable 16 receives calibration, N base station transceiver is sent to base station signal processing unit 17 to the signal unification that receives, the base station signal processing unit compares the transmitting calibration signal in the characteristics of signals of N passage and the calibrating signal processing unit 18, thereby finishes the calibration operation to base station uplink receiving channel.
When Fig. 5 has illustrated to adopt filter couplers shown in Figure 3 to base station down operation principle and the method that passage calibrates of posting a letter.The base station port 32 of filter couplers 12 is sent to the identical descending calibrating signal in the base station signal processing unit 17 in sender timesharing in N base station transceiver 13 by radio frequency cable 16, through filter couplers filtering, by forward coupler 34 calibrating signal is coupled to circulator 36 again, calibrating signal through the coupling port 33 access power shunt/mixers 14 of filter couplers, is delivered to calibrating signal processing unit 18 to calibrating signal by calibrate radio frequency cable 15 then at last.The calibrating signal of N passage of calibrating signal processing unit time-division processing, and compare with calibrating signal that the base station signal processing unit is sent, thus finish the post a letter calibration operation of passage of base station down.
In actual applications, described bay can be ring array or linear array smart antenna array array element; Described ring array can be circular, oval, regular or irregular polygon; Described linear array array element can be uniformly-spaced or unequal interval at interval.And described power shunt/mixer can be single 1: N power shunt/mixer, also can be by a plurality of shunt/mixers less than the N road be formed by connecting 1: N power shunt/mixer.And filter couplers device coupling value can be any effective value.Therefore being provided with can be versatile and flexible.
Method and apparatus of the present invention, though propose at the TDD wireless communication system, for the FDD wireless communication system, filter couplers can be used equally through simple change.Can the exchange order in the real work flow process.
Be understandable that, for those of ordinary skills, can be equal to replacement or change according to technical scheme of the present invention and inventive concept thereof, and all these changes or replacement all should belong to the protection range of the appended claim of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of TDD intelligent antenna array of radio communication system calibrating installation comprises: N bay, base station calibration signal element, at least one power shunt/mixer; The calibration terminal of closing terminal connection base station calibration signal element of described power shunt/mixer; It is characterized in that: described device also comprises N filter couplers, described filter couplers comprise with the antenna end of the corresponding connection of described bay, with the corresponding base station end that is connected of base station radio-frequency passage, with the corresponding coupled end that is connected of the branch terminal of described power shunt/mixer, inner forward coupler, inner reverse coupler and the circulator that is used for Signal Spacing; When the calibration beacon signal was imported via described coupled end, described calibration beacon signal entered described inner reverse coupler through described circulator, and was coupling in the end output of described base station through described reverse coupler; When calibrating beacon signal when described base station end is imported, described calibration beacon signal is coupled to described circulator through described forward coupler, and through described coupled end output; Wherein N is the positive integer more than or equal to 2.
2, antenna array calibration device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: a described N filter couplers is to be integrated in the needed cavity body filter of system by directional coupler to constitute; The coupling value of a described N filter couplers is any effective value.
3, antenna array calibration device according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described bay is ring array or linear array smart antenna array array element.
4, antenna array calibration device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described ring array is circular, oval, regular or irregular polygon; Described linear array array element is uniformly-spaced or unequal interval at interval.
5, antenna array calibration device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described power shunt/mixer is single 1: N power shunt/mixer, or by a plurality of shunt/mixers less than the N road be formed by connecting 1: N power shunt/mixer.
6, a kind of application rights requires the calibration steps of 1 described device, it is characterized in that: said method comprising the steps of:
A, the individual identical filter couplers of N and at least one the power shunt/mixer that is connected with N filter couplers are set for N smart antenna array element correspondence;
B, the antenna end of a described N filter couplers is connected with described N smart antenna array element respectively, its base station end then is connected with N base station radio-frequency passage respectively by radio frequency cable; High-ranking officers' definite message or answer mark signal inserts the terminal of closing of described power shunt/mixer, and the branch terminal of described power shunt/mixer connects the coupled end of described N corresponding filter couplers respectively by radio frequency cable;
C, by base station output calibration beacon signal, import described power shunt/mixer through the described terminal of closing, described calibrating signal is divided into the N road after described coupled end is imported a described N filter couplers respectively by described power shunt/mixer again, calibrating signal through described filter couplers is exported from the base station end of filter couplers, transfer to corresponding base station receive path by radio frequency cable, handle the calibration beacon signal that receives by the base station receive path, finish calibration uplink receiving channel;
D, send the base station end of described calibration beacon signal respectively to corresponding described filter couplers by the N of base station the passage of posting a letter, and outputing to described power shunt/mixer through its coupled end, to carry out power synthetic, import described base station receive path through the terminal of closing of overpower shunt/mixer again, described base station receive path is handled the calibrating signal from base station N the passage of posting a letter respectively, finishes the calibration to the descending passage of posting a letter.
7, calibration steps according to claim 6 is characterized in that: described step C and step D, its order can be exchanged.
8, calibration steps according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the described calibration beacon signal that receives of handling by the base station receive path of step C, comprise that following processing: N base station receiver is sent to the base station signal processing unit to the signal unification of N the passage that receives, the base station signal processing unit compares the characteristics of signals of N passage and the calibration beacon signal of calibrating signal processing unit emission.
9, calibration steps according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the described base station of step D receive path is handled the calibrating signal from base station N the passage of posting a letter respectively, comprise following processing: the calibrating signal of closing terminal from power shunt/mixer is delivered to the calibrating signal processing unit, the calibrating signal processing unit is handled the calibrating signal of N passage respectively, and compares with calibration beacon signal that the base station signal processing unit is sent.
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| CNB200410028023XA CN100336318C (en) | 2004-07-08 | 2004-07-08 | A method and device for intelligent antenna array calibration of TDD wireless communication system |
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| CNB200410028023XA CN100336318C (en) | 2004-07-08 | 2004-07-08 | A method and device for intelligent antenna array calibration of TDD wireless communication system |
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Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP5051385B2 (en) * | 2008-05-16 | 2012-10-17 | 日本電気株式会社 | Wireless communication apparatus using array antenna, calibration method thereof, and wireless communication base station system |
| CN102299730B (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2015-09-16 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | A kind of antenna correcting method based on TDD coordinated multipoint transmission and system |
| CN102957485B (en) * | 2011-08-19 | 2015-09-16 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Multiple base station power calibrating installation and method |
| WO2015066883A1 (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2015-05-14 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Radio unit with internal parallel antenna calibration |
| CN103701480A (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-04-02 | 上海交通大学 | Analog self-interference signal eliminating device for full duplex radio single input single output communication |
| CN105137375B (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2019-04-23 | 上海联影医疗科技有限公司 | Radio-frequency channel calibration method and device, SAR measurement method, magnetic resonance system |
| CN105634627B (en) * | 2014-10-28 | 2021-04-02 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Antenna array coupling calibration network device and calibration method |
| CN105790860B (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2020-12-29 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Antenna coupling calibration system |
| CN106803774A (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2017-06-06 | 北京信威通信技术股份有限公司 | Antenna and radio-frequency channel calibration system and method |
| CN110557206B (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2022-09-06 | 康普技术有限责任公司 | Antenna calibration device |
| CN114217278B (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2023-03-24 | 齐鲁空天信息研究院 | Dynamic target-based amplitude and phase calibration method and system for phased array radar |
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