CN1157966C - Coupling calibration network and method for intelligent antenna array of radio communication system - Google Patents
Coupling calibration network and method for intelligent antenna array of radio communication system Download PDFInfo
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- CN1157966C CN1157966C CNB011205474A CN01120547A CN1157966C CN 1157966 C CN1157966 C CN 1157966C CN B011205474 A CNB011205474 A CN B011205474A CN 01120547 A CN01120547 A CN 01120547A CN 1157966 C CN1157966 C CN 1157966C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a coupling calibration network of an intelligent antenna array, which comprises N (larger or equal to 2) identical antenna units, N microstrip directional couplers manufactured on a printing circuit board, and a power branch/synthesizer. When coupling and calibration are preformed, a transmitter transmits the known power signals by a radio frequency receiving and transmitting interface. After the known power signals perform coupling by the microstrip directional coupler and power synthesis, the known power signals are input into the transmitter from a radio frequency calibration interface to perform the transmitting and calibration processing. After the known power signals transmitted by the radio frequency calibration interface from a base station perform power distribution and coupling by the microstrip directional coupler, the known power signals are input into a receiver from the radio frequency receiving and transmitting interface to perform the receiving and calibration processing. The present invention solve the problem that the calibration accuracy of a wireless signal transceiver is affected by the installation environment and has the advantages of good product production and good debugging consistency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the antenna array technology used in a kind of wireless communication system, relate to a kind of belt smart antenna array technology of in wireless communication system, using or rather, be used for the emission and the reception of the wireless sending and receiving letter of base station system machine are calibrated.
Background technology
In recent years, in wireless communication technology field, particularly in the wireless communication technology field of the following communications band of utilization 4GHz, the research and development of smart antenna array have entered into the practical stage.The basic conception of smart antenna is in radio communication base station that comprises cellular mobile communication, trunked communication system, wireless user loop system and other wireless access systems or main website equipment, use many cover radio receiving-transmitting unit, a plurality of antenna element and feeder lines thereof, again by in baseband circuit, use modern digital information processing and software and radio technique, use certain algorithm that spatial spectrum is analyzed, signal to each transmitting-receiving branch road is handled, and reaches the purpose to base station or main website antenna beam figuration.
Chinese patent 97202038.1 discloses a kind of ring-shaped intelligent antenna array that is used for the practicability of wireless communication system, and its structure as shown in fig. 1.This ring-shaped intelligent antenna array 10 circularizes (uniformly-spaced or unequal interval) by two or more identical antenna elements 11 and is arranged on the supporting surface 12 and constitutes.Antenna element 11 wherein can be that pillar also can be little band, and its supporting surface 12 can be that a plane also can be a three-dimensional ring face.When two or more identical pillars circularize upright and uniformly-spaced or unequal interval when being arranged on the supporting plane, looping oscillator smart antenna array (as shown in fig. 1) then.When two or more identical little band parallel longitudinals (uniformly-spaced or unequal interval) circularize when directly being attached on the three-dimensional ring supporting surface the little band smart antenna array of looping then.Annular array wherein then can be circular, oval, regular or irregular polygon.
The smart antenna array that is used for wireless communication system when the certain algorithm of utilization is analyzed spatial spectrum, at first needs wireless transmission (letter) machine and wireless receiving (collection of letters) machine to the base station to calibrate, with the accuracy of assurance system in actual applications.Conventional art is calibrated the transmitting set and the wireless receiver of base station, is to adopt the mode that a boresight antenna is set in smart antenna array central authorities, and the mode of calibrate antenna promptly is set.By send out by the calibrate antenna, each antenna element is received and carry out the calibration of sender and receiver by the process that each antenna element is sent out, the calibrate antenna is received.
The problem that this mode exists is:
The amplitude and the phase place of the transmission of alignment path (from the center boresight antenna to other dual-mode antennas or from other dual-mode antennas to the calibrate antenna) signal can change because of the variation of external environment, be embodied on the engineering, be subjected to the antenna array installation environment bigger exactly with the influence of setting up the region, as be subjected to the influence of surrounding buildings thing in the smart antenna array installation environment, and this influence signal transmission amplitude that each antenna element and calibrate antenna are caused and the change of phase place be unequal, promptly has nothing in common with each other;
In addition, the calibrate antenna that is positioned at the smart antenna array center position can cause certain influence to the radiation of other antenna elements around it.
Shown in Fig. 2 under the have no occluder environment, the signal propagation path of calibrate antenna.Signal sends from center boresight antenna 21, and wherein a part of signal energy arrives each antenna element 22 (shown in solid arrow among the figure), and its complementary energy is then propagated (shown in dotted arrow among the figure) to space free.If use P
RiThe energy of representing i antenna element received signal is used S
OiExpression calibrate antenna transmits signals to the propagation parameter of i antenna element, uses P
tBe illustrated in the energy that t moment calibrate antenna transmits, then i antenna element t constantly the energy of received signal be the product that the energy that transmits of calibrate antenna and calibrate antenna transmit signals to i antenna element propagation parameter, be expressed as: P
Ri=S
OiP
t(i=1 ... n).
Shown in Fig. 3 the signal propagation path of calibrate antenna is being arranged under the shelter environment.Signal sends from center boresight antenna 31, wherein a part of signal energy arrives each antenna element 32 (shown in solid arrow among the figure), remainder is propagated (shown in thick dashed line arrow among the figure) to space free, after running into shelter 33, there is the part signal energy to be reflected back to each antenna element 32 (shown in fine dotted line arrow among the figure) again.This moment i antenna element t constantly the energy of received signal will partly form by two: a part is the product that the energy that transmits of above-mentioned calibrate antenna and calibrate antenna transmit signals to the antenna element propagation parameter; Another part is the propagation parameter S that reflection coefficient P and calibrate antenna transmit signals to shelter
Ri, at the t energy P that transmits of calibrate antenna constantly
tProduct.Be expressed as: P
Ri=S
OiP
t+ pS
RiP
t(i=1 ... n).
The calibrate antenna under different installation environments or different setting up in the region, p and S
RiValue be different, so the energy of antenna element received signal has bigger variation, even takes place to surpass 50% variation, will influence the calibration accuracy of system.
99111350.0 disclose a kind of method and apparatus that is used for the real-time calibrating intelligent antenna battle array in the Chinese invention patent application, its method comprises: the calibration link that is connected and composed by coupled structure, feeder cable and beacon transceiver is set, coupled structure wherein becomes to be of coupled connections with the N of smart antenna array antenna element, and the beacon transceiver is connected with the baseband processor of base station by number bus; Utilize vector network analyzer that coupled structure is calibrated earlier, write down it respectively and receive and the emission transmission system; And then receive respectively the calibration and transmitting calibration.The technical scheme of the coupled structure of being advised in this patent application has two kinds: a kind of be to use a symmetry on geometry, the beacon antenna that is in the antenna near-field zone comes antenna system is calibrated; The passive network that another kind is to use a coupler and power splitter to form is realized feed and the calibration of coupled structure to intelligent antenna array.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly the coupling calibration networks and the coupling calibration steps of a kind of intelligent antenna array of radio communication system of design, be and realize that the real-time calibrating intelligent antenna battle array designs a kind of effective and practical coupling calibrating installation and coupling calibration steps, can solve the emission of base station system transmitting set and wireless receiver well and receive calibration accuracy and be subjected to installation environment and the problem of setting up regional impact, and the consistency can reach production with debugging the time.
The technical scheme that realizes the object of the invention is such: a kind of coupling calibration networks of intelligent antenna array of radio communication system, comprise N antenna element, a N coupler and power shunt/synthesizer, and it is characterized in that:
The microstrip directional coupler that described coupler is made up of two in-plant parallel little bands, individual identical microstrip directional coupler of described N and power shunt/synthesizer are produced on the coupling calibration networks printed circuit board (PCB); N radio-frequency (RF) transceiver of a described N microstrip directional coupler and a described N antenna element and base station system connects one to one; Little antenna element of the corresponding connection of an end of being with of each microstrip directional coupler, the other end of this little band connects the radio-frequency receiving-transmitting end of the corresponding radio-frequency (RF) transceiver of base station system, another of each microstrip directional coupler be little is with an end ground connection, this little band other end connects the shunt/synthetic end of power shunt/synthesizer, and the synthetic/minute terminal of power shunt/synthesizer connects the RF calibration end of base station system.
Described N antenna element at interval and circularize and be arranged on the antenna array supporter, a described N microstrip directional coupler is by with the same interval of N antenna element and circularize and be distributed on the described coupling calibration networks printed circuit board (PCB).
Also be provided with N antenna element interface, a N radio-frequency receiving-transmitting interface and a RF calibration interface on the described antenna array supporter; Little end of being with of described each microstrip directional coupler connects described antenna element by antenna element interface, described this little band other end connects the radio-frequency receiving-transmitting end of described radio-frequency (RF) transceiver by the radio-frequency receiving-transmitting interface, and synthetic/minute terminal of described power shunt/synthesizer is proofreaied and correct end by the radio frequency that the RF calibration interface connects base station system.
Described coupling calibration networks printed circuit board (PCB) is arranged on the below of N antenna element and the top of described smart antenna array supporter.
Described annular comprises circle, ellipse, rule or irregular polygon.
Described interval comprises uniformly-spaced or unequal interval.
Described coupling calibration networks printed circuit board (PCB) is single-clad board or double-sided printed-circuit board or multilayer board.
Described N is the positive integer more than or equal to 2 (N 〉=2).
The technical scheme that realizes the object of the invention still is such: a kind of coupling calibration steps of intelligent antenna array of radio communication system coupling calibration networks is characterized in that comprising following treatment step:
A. for N antenna element correspondence N identical microstrip directional coupler and the power shunt/synthesizer that is connected with N microstrip directional coupler are set;
B. N microstrip directional coupler is spatially corresponding with N antenna element and connect, N microstrip directional coupler is connected, the RF calibration end of power shunt/synthesizer with a base station system N transceiver is connected with N radio-frequency receiving-transmitting end of N transceiver of base station system;
C. launch the radiofrequency signal of known power respectively by N sender of base station system, importing corresponding microstrip directional coupler and part through corresponding radio-frequency receiving-transmitting end is coupled to power shunt/synthesizer and carries out power and synthesize, through described RF calibration end input base station system, N sender carried out transmitting calibration handle again;
D. launch the radiofrequency signal of known power by base station system, import described power shunt/synthesizer through described RF calibration end and carry out power division, import N microstrip directional coupler again, part power signal through directional couple is imported base station system from N radio-frequency receiving-transmitting end, and N receiver received calibration process.
In the described steps A, also comprise N antenna element interval and circularize and be arranged on the antenna array supporter, N microstrip directional coupler distributed by same annular space, and be produced on the coupling calibration networks printed circuit board (PCB), and make the coupling calibration networks printed circuit board (PCB) between N antenna element and antenna array supporter with power shunt/synthesizer.
The coupling calibration networks of intelligent antenna array of radio communication system of the present invention and coupling calibration steps, its calibrating principle is distinct with the principle that adopts the calibrate antenna.Coupling calibration networks is by directly being provided with directional coupler near antenna element, and its directional couple effect is to realize the signal transmission by the signal coupling at two little interbands, thereby reach the coupling of part signal energy is outputed to the purpose that base station system is handled, therefore and a little less than will reducing to extremely to the signal energy that space free is propagated, even shelter is arranged near the antenna array, the signal that the thing that is blocked reflects also is extremely faint to the influence of reception antenna, and the error amount that can guarantee to produce is in the calibration accuracy scope.Like this, be subjected to installation environment and the problem of setting up regional impact with regard to emission and the reception calibration accuracy that has fundamentally solved base station system transmitting set and wireless receiver.In addition,, can guarantee the consistency of performance of N microstrip directional coupler, be very advantageous in the production and the debugging of product, simplify process of producing product and improve the accuracy of calibration from engineering design owing to adopted the coupling calibration networks printed circuit board (PCB).
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is by Chinese patent 97202038.1 disclosed a kind of practicability ring-shaped intelligent antenna array perspective view.
Fig. 2 is in the have no occluder environment, the propagation path schematic diagram when adopting the calibrate antenna.
Fig. 3 is in the shelter environment is arranged, the propagation path schematic diagram when adopting the calibrate antenna.
Fig. 4 is the perspective view that the present invention is provided with the intelligent antenna array of radio communication system of coupling calibration networks circuit board.
Fig. 5 is that of coupling calibration networks of the present invention implements circuit theory diagrams.
Fig. 6 adopts Fig. 5 to implement the operation principle schematic diagram that circuit is calibrated transmitting set.
Fig. 7 adopts Fig. 5 to implement the operation principle schematic diagram that circuit is calibrated wireless receiver.
Embodiment
Further specify technical scheme of the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing.
Address before the explanation of Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, repeat no more.
Referring to Fig. 4, be provided with the stereochemical structure of the intelligent antenna array of radio communication system of coupling calibration networks circuit board of the present invention shown in the figure, be the example explanation with the smart antenna array that is provided with the individual antenna element of 8 (N=8).Comprise 8 right cylinder shape antenna elements 101, through on the smart antenna array supporter 103 by the annular (circle) arranged evenly after looping element antenna battle array, binding site at 8 right cylinder shape antenna elements 101 and smart antenna array supporter 103 is provided with coupling calibration networks circuit board 102, corresponding coupled structure is connected (can pass through radio frequency connector) on each antenna element and the coupling calibration networks circuit board 102, and each coupled structure is connected with the base station by 9 (comprising 8 radio-frequency receiving-transmitting interfaces and a RF calibration interface) radio frequency connectors 104 that are fixed on the smart antenna array supporter 103.
The coupling calibration networks circuit board 102 of embodiment is arranged on the below of antenna element 101 arrays and is arranged on the top of smart antenna array supporter 103.Coupling calibration networks circuit board 102 adopts printed circuit board (PCB), and this printed circuit board (PCB) can be the printed circuit board (PCB) of single face, also can be the printed circuit board (PCB) of two-sided or multilayer.8 identical microstrip directional couplers and power shunt/synthesizer are fabricated on this printed circuit board (PCB) by printed circuit technology, and spatially corresponding with 8 antenna elements 101 be connected.
8 right cylinder shape antenna elements 101 uniformly-spaced or unequal interval ground by annular spread on smart antenna supporter 103,8 identical microstrip directional couplers and power shunt/synthesizer also uniformly-spaced or unequal interval ground by same annular spread on coupling calibration networks circuit board 102, its annular comprises circle (as shown in the Examples), ellipse, regular or irregular polygon.
Need to prove, when adopting ring shaped microstrip smart antenna array, also can utilize its coupling calibration networks of same principle design.
Referring to Fig. 5, shown in the figure circuit design of coupling calibration networks on Fig. 4 embodiment coupling calibration networks circuit board 102, embodiment adopts the power shunt/synthesizer of 1: 2 (a tunnel divides two-way or two-way unification road).24,8 radio-frequency receiving-transmitting interfaces (radio frequency connector) 25 that are connected with 8 transceivers of base station system of interface (radio frequency connector) and 1 RF calibration interface (radio frequency connector) 26 that is connected with base station system of comprising 23,8 of 22,7 power shunt/synthesizers of 21,8 microstrip directional couplers of 8 antenna elements and antenna element.Each antenna element 21 is interface 24 by separately and corresponding microstrip directional coupler 22 connections respectively, the radio-frequency receiving-transmitting interface 25 that each microstrip directional coupler 22 passes through separately respectively is connected with base station system, realize being of coupled connections of each antenna element and base station system transceiver, simultaneously be connected to RF calibration interface 26, be connected with base station system by RF calibration interface 26 through 7 power shunt/synthesizers 23.
Microstrip directional coupler 22 is two in-plant parallel little bands that are produced on the circuit board, 8 microstrip directional couplers 22 distribute with each antenna element 21 distribution on supporter 103, promptly are scattered in uniformly-spaced with antenna element 21 or circle, ellipse, rule or the irregular polygon of unequal interval.Because 8 microstrip directional couplers 22 are by printed circuit design and making, so have splendid properties of product consistency.
The number of power shunt/synthesizer 23 on its along separate routes/close way decide, as, if adopt 1: 3 power shunt/synthesizer, when 9 antenna elements and 9 microstrip directional couplers are set, 4 power shunt/synthesizers of need then.
Referring to Fig. 6, shown in the figure operation principle of the base station system transmitting set being calibrated with the coupling calibration networks of Fig. 5 embodiment.8 transmitters of base station are respectively from the radiofrequency signal of radio-frequency receiving-transmitting interface 25 to the antenna element 21 emission known power of correspondence, coupling (shown in arrow among the figure) by microstrip directional coupler 22, the part signal energy is input to a port of power shunt/synthesizer 23, pass through multistage (present embodiment is three grades shown in the figure) 23 pairs 8 road input signals of power shunt/synthesizer then and synthesize that (the power shunt/synthesizer 23 of this moment plays power and synthesizes, each power shunt/synthesizer 23 is used for that two paths of signals is carried out power and synthesizes), composite signal arrives the RF calibration interface 26 be connected with base station system, and each transmitting set that is input to base station system at last calculates and signal processing.
In conjunction with referring to Fig. 7, shown in the figure operation principle of the base station system wireless receiver being calibrated with the coupling calibration networks of Fig. 5 embodiment.The radiofrequency signal of a known power of base station needs from 8 antenna elements 21 of RF calibration interface 26 inputs.(the power shunt/synthesizer 23 of this moment plays power division to this radiofrequency signal through multistage (present embodiment is three grades shown in the figure) power shunt/synthesizer 23, each power shunt/synthesizer 23 is used for one tunnel signal power is distributed into two-way) be tapped to 8 road power shunting signs, and arrive an input of each microstrip directional coupler 22, directional couple effect (shown in arrow among the figure) by microstrip directional coupler 22, be coupled to corresponding antenna element 21 and coupled signal be input in corresponding 8 receivers of base station system, calculate and signal processing by each radio frequency interface 25.
Coupling calibration networks and the coupling calibration steps that is used for intelligent antenna array of radio communication system of the present invention, can be used in the base station equipment of the following wireless communication system of 4GHz, and make the smart antenna array product with smart antenna unit combination system, have the integral structure characteristic of the satisfied environment service condition of practicability.
Claims (10)
1. the coupling calibration networks of an intelligent antenna array of radio communication system comprises N antenna element, a N coupler and power shunt/synthesizer, it is characterized in that:
The microstrip directional coupler that described coupler is made up of two in-plant parallel little bands, individual identical microstrip directional coupler of described N and power shunt/synthesizer are produced on the coupling calibration networks printed circuit board (PCB); N radio-frequency (RF) transceiver of a described N microstrip directional coupler and a described N antenna element and base station system connects one to one; Little antenna element of the corresponding connection of an end of being with of each microstrip directional coupler, the other end of this little band connects the radio-frequency receiving-transmitting end of the corresponding radio-frequency (RF) transceiver of base station system, another of each microstrip directional coupler be little is with an end ground connection, this little band other end connects the shunt/synthetic end of power shunt/synthesizer, and the synthetic/minute terminal of power shunt/synthesizer connects the RF calibration end of base station system.
2. the coupling calibration networks of a kind of intelligent antenna array of radio communication system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described N antenna element at interval and circularize and be arranged on the antenna array supporter, a described N microstrip directional coupler is by with the same interval of N antenna element and circularize and be distributed on the described coupling calibration networks printed circuit board (PCB).
3. the coupling calibration networks of a kind of intelligent antenna array of radio communication system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: also be provided with N antenna element interface, a N radio-frequency receiving-transmitting interface and a RF calibration interface on the described antenna array supporter; Little end of being with of described each microstrip directional coupler connects described antenna element by antenna element interface, described this little band other end connects the radio-frequency receiving-transmitting end of described radio-frequency (RF) transceiver by the radio-frequency receiving-transmitting interface, and synthetic/minute terminal of described power shunt/synthesizer connects the RF calibration end of base station system by the RF calibration interface.
4. the coupling calibration networks of a kind of intelligent antenna array of radio communication system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described coupling calibration networks printed circuit board (PCB) is arranged on the below of N antenna element and the top of described smart antenna array supporter.
5. the coupling calibration networks of a kind of intelligent antenna array of radio communication system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described annular comprises circle, ellipse, rule or irregular polygon.
6. the coupling calibration networks of a kind of intelligent antenna array of radio communication system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described interval comprises uniformly-spaced or unequal interval.
7. the coupling calibration networks of a kind of intelligent antenna array of radio communication system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described coupling calibration networks printed circuit board (PCB) is single-clad board or double-sided printed-circuit board or multilayer board.
8. the coupling calibration networks of a kind of intelligent antenna array of radio communication system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described N is for more than or equal to 2 positive integer.
9. the coupling calibration steps of the coupling calibration networks of an intelligent antenna array of radio communication system is characterized in that comprising following treatment step:
A. for N antenna element correspondence N identical microstrip directional coupler and the power shunt/synthesizer that is connected with N microstrip directional coupler are set;
B. N microstrip directional coupler is spatially corresponding with N antenna element and connect, N microstrip directional coupler is connected, the RF calibration end of power shunt/synthesizer with a base station system N transceiver is connected with N radio-frequency receiving-transmitting end of N transceiver of base station system;
C. launch the radiofrequency signal of known power respectively by N sender of base station system, importing corresponding microstrip directional coupler and part through corresponding radio-frequency receiving-transmitting end is coupled to power shunt/synthesizer and carries out power and synthesize, through described RF calibration end input base station system, N sender carried out transmitting calibration handle again;
D. launch the radiofrequency signal of known power by base station system, import described power shunt/synthesizer through described RF calibration end and carry out power division, import N microstrip directional coupler again, part power signal through directional couple is imported base station system from N radio-frequency receiving-transmitting end, and N receiver received calibration process.
10. the coupling calibration steps of the coupling calibration networks of a kind of intelligent antenna array of radio communication system according to claim 9, it is characterized in that: in the described steps A, also comprise N antenna element interval and circularize and be arranged on the antenna array supporter, N microstrip directional coupler distributed by same annular space, and be produced on the coupling calibration networks printed circuit board (PCB), and make the coupling calibration networks printed circuit board (PCB) between N antenna element and antenna array supporter with power shunt/synthesizer.
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| CNB011205474A CN1157966C (en) | 2001-07-20 | 2001-07-20 | Coupling calibration network and method for intelligent antenna array of radio communication system |
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| CNB011205474A CN1157966C (en) | 2001-07-20 | 2001-07-20 | Coupling calibration network and method for intelligent antenna array of radio communication system |
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Cited By (1)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103139884A (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2013-06-05 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method and device of enhancing calibration performance of intelligent antenna of test driven development (TDD) system |
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2001
- 2001-07-20 CN CNB011205474A patent/CN1157966C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| CN103139884A (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2013-06-05 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method and device of enhancing calibration performance of intelligent antenna of test driven development (TDD) system |
| CN103139884B (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2015-10-21 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | A kind of method and apparatus strengthening TDD system intelligent antenna calibration performance |
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| CN1398124A (en) | 2003-02-19 |
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