CN1003101B - Method for manufacture of contact material - Google Patents
Method for manufacture of contact material Download PDFInfo
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- CN1003101B CN1003101B CN86107636A CN86107636A CN1003101B CN 1003101 B CN1003101 B CN 1003101B CN 86107636 A CN86107636 A CN 86107636A CN 86107636 A CN86107636 A CN 86107636A CN 1003101 B CN1003101 B CN 1003101B
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- metal
- melting
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- hole
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
Abstract
The invention relates to an improved production method being suitable for producing contact material of a vacuum breaker. A hole is arranged in a block-shaped high conductivity metal (like copper and silver), and metal with low melting point which has heal sealing resistance are filled in the hole. Under the condition of high vacuum, a heater supply arranged around the block-shaped metal heats the block-shaped high conductivity metal which contains low melting point metal so as to make the low melting point metal and the high conductivity metal melt and mix. After regular cooling, metal mixture is acquired. The heater supply separates from the metal mixture in preset direction to solidify the metal mixture.
Description
The present invention relates to be applicable to the production of the contact material of making vacuum circuit-breaker etc., the vacuum circuit-breaker that uses this material to do contact presents anti-weldability and the cutout property of having improved greatly.
Except that above-mentioned anti-weldability and cutout performance, also require to have following various superior function for contact material, as (1) high voltage withstanding ability, low and stable contact impedance as vacuum circuit-breaker and vacuum switch etc.; (2) Zui Xiao wearing and tearing or consumption; (3) near current zero point minimal disruption electric current.
But, found that in these performances some are mutual contradiction, in order to develop the contact material that is suitable for practical application, two or more metal is melt into contact that alloy makes promptly applicable to certain special purpose.
For example: contain low-melting-point metal such as bismuth (Bi) and tellurium (Te) so that prevent contact material that contact is welded together widely known to the people (referring to Japanese patent gazette number 12131/1966 and 23751/1969).
Yet, when sneaking into low-melting-point metal such as Bi and Te in high conductivity metal such as copper (Cu) or the silver (Ag) and being cast as contact material, often be easy to produce pore or pin hole.In addition, low-melting-point metal such as Bi and Te present lower solubility in the solid solution of the copper of contact alloy or silver, thus, often cause segregation.
More particularly, in the production method of common contact material, when being added to this low-melting-point metal in molten state copper or the silver, in order to prevent the evaporation of low-melting-point metal this moment, in the container of melting copper or silver, be full of inert gas such as argon gas (Ar), and make the pressure in the container remain on several torrs in a hundreds of torr scope.
But, often present many shortcomings with the material of said method production, as the segregation that contains inert gas, produces pore and low-melting-point metal.When containing inert gas in the contact material, when being easy to be cut off on the contact material surface Joule heat fusing that electric current or starting current produce, this inert gas emits, and reduce the vacuum degree of vacuum circuit-breaker etc. thus and weakened the function of circuit breaker.In addition, the pore that exists in contact material and the segregation of low-melting-point metal will reduce the withstand voltage properties of vacuum circuit-breaker etc.
In order to get rid of these shortcomings, introduced a kind of production method again, wherein at first produce the copper alloy that contains low-melting-point metal, again this copper alloy is melted in a vacuum, so that remove inert gas, last, the alloy that melts is slowly cooled off to avoid producing pore and segregation.
This method comprises two steps, the one, this alloy of fusing under inert atmosphere, and then melt this alloy in a vacuum, because the product that obtains thus is not only unsafty, and make the production stage of this material and production equipment complicated, so this method does not have advantage.
Main purpose of the present invention provides a kind of production method that is used as the contact material of vacuum circuit-breaker, and for example this method can be eliminated the difficult point of the above conventional method substantially.
More particularly, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of production method that is used for the contact material of vacuum circuit-breaker etc., this method can be improved the performance of this material, and can simplify production process significantly.
Above and other objects of the present invention can be used for reaching as the method for countact material for vacuum circuit breakers by production, the characteristics of this method are to make cavity at block high conductivity metal such as copper and Yin Nei, to resist welding composition such as low-melting-point metal to put into cavity then, under the condition of high vacuum degree condition, with being installed in the block high conductivity metal heating that above-mentioned reguline metal thermal source on every side will comprise low-melting-point metal, low-melting-point metal and high conductivity metal all melt and mix like this, when with resulting metal mixture is relative with thermal source in a predetermined direction when separating, this metal mixture will cool off and solidify gradually.
In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the sectional arrangement drawing of vacuum circuit-breaker, and the contact in this vacuum circuit-breaker is to adopt method of the present invention to produce;
The sectional arrangement drawing of used induction heating equipment when Fig. 2 produces contact material for pressing the inventive method;
Fig. 3 is the distribution map with contained Bi in the contact material of the concrete device production of the present invention's proposition
Fig. 4 is with contained O in the contact material of concrete device production of the present invention
2The figure of amount;
Fig. 5 is the diagram of the contained Bi amount in the contact material of production of specifically installing according to another kind of the present invention; With
Fig. 6 is the diagram of measuring according to contained Bi in the contact material of another concrete device production according to the present invention.
Before narration the present invention, at first a kind of device is described with reference to Fig. 1, as vacuum circuit-breaker, the contact of this device is that the material that the method according to this invention is produced is made.This device such as vacuum circuit-breaker comprise the vacuum tank 61 that an electricity consumption insulating material is made, and the two ends of this container seal with end plate 62a and 62b.In this vacuum tank 61 pair of electrodes is housed, this comprises contact 63a and the 63b that is contained in front end to electrode, also has respectively the contact rod 64a and the 64b that are connected with 63b with contact 63a.Around contact 63a and 63b, an arc shield 66 is housed, to prevent by the metal deposition of arc vaporization to the inner surface of container 61.Contact rod 64a and 64b pass end plate 62a and 62b in airtight mode.Wherein excellent 64a is made into to fix, and that excellent 64b is made into is movable.In the position that movable excellent 64b passes end plate 62b aneroid capsule 67 is housed, so that no matter whether excellent 64b moves and remain vacuum in the container 61.
The contact material of producing with the inventive method can be used to make one or two among contact 63a and the 63b.
Following production method with reference to Fig. 2～6 explanation formation contact materials.
The method according to this invention with reference to Fig. 2, is at first made hole 11a in high conductivity metal such as copper and/or the silver-colored piece of making 11.The alloy that resembles low-melting-point metals such as Bi, Te, Se, Sb or contain these metallic elements is made graininess, put into hole 11a, the openend with hole 11a covers with metal closures 13 then.The shape of metal derby 11 and hole 11a can change according to heater and the container of containing metal derby 11 before its fusing.The container of splendid attire metal derby 11 will be narrated hereinafter.In addition, low-melting-point metal 12 can be graininess as shown in Figure 2 or can be made into powdery etc. if desired the time.The material of plug 13 can be any metal, as long as it does not destroy the performance of contact material.But filling in 13 usually is to use with metal derby 11 identical materials to make.
The quantity that hole 11a low-melting-point metal is put in selection is preferably considered the thermal expansion amount when it is heated.Better choice is that the content of amount in final contact material that makes this low-melting-point metal is 0.3～0.8%(weight).When using 0.5～1.5%(weight) low-melting-point metal and 98.5～99.5%(weight) the high conductivity metal melting time, finally can obtain 0.3～0.8% such low-melting-point metal content.The number of hole 11a needn't be subjected to limited in number shown in Figure 2 or only limit to a hole, can prepare several holes 11a on metal derby 11.The internal diameter of hole 11a can suitably be selected in application according to the present invention.
The metal derby 11 that is full of low-melting-point metal 12 is heated in a heater (as induction heating type).This device comprise the container 22a that is used for holding the metal derby 11 that contains low-melting-point metal 12, another be used for the container 22b of storage container 22a, in addition be used for storage container 22b heating chamber 21 and be contained in the heating chamber 21 can with the load coil 23 of container 22b relative motion.Heating chamber is found time by conduit 24 by vacuum pump 25, makes in the heating chamber 21 and keeps below 10
-5The condition of high vacuum degree of torr.Vacuum display device 26 demonstrates the vacuum degree in the heating chamber 21.
In implementing the inventive method, the metal derby 11 that is loaded with low-melting-point metal 12 is placed container 22a, the container 22a that metal derby 11 will be housed again places container 22b.Fixed cap 28 is sealed the upper end of movable container 22b then, more mounted integral body is placed in the induction coil 23, and both central shafts are overlapped.Use known device (not shown on the figure) to coil 23 power supplies then.Make heating chamber 21 keep below 10 simultaneously
-5The vacuum of torr is so that melt piece 11 and low-melting-point metal 12 and mix in container 22a.
In this method, most of low-melting-point metal can remain in the conducting metal from its admixture, and no matter whether these two kinds of metals heat under high vacuum.Although it changes with the kind and the different of addition of these metals, its heating process is preferably at 1100～1150 ℃, finishes in 60～120 minutes.Discharge for the gas that in heating process, will residue among the 11a of hole, can provide the exhaust passage by metal derby 11 or metal closures 13.Also can dig an exhaust sulculus at the sidewall of metal closures 13.
In heating process, the low-melting-point metal with high-vapor-pressure is melted, and infiltrates in the conducting metal matrix 11 with solution state, thus, can prevent the excessive evaporation of low-melting-point metal and improve the diffusion of low-melting-point metal in metallic matrix 11.
Because heating of metal in high vacuum, so can remove any gas contained in metallic matrix 11 and the low-melting-point metal 12, make it to remove the container 22b of container containing 22a along the central axis direction moving heat source 23 of container 22b, the metal freezing that makes the fusing among the container 22a and mixed.When thermal source 23 is removed molten metal with enough slowly speed carry out so that can remove gas contained in the metal, and prevent the segregation of air holes and low-melting-point metal.Although the speed of removing of thermal source 23 is that shape and size change with the kind of metal derby 11,, this speed preferably is chosen in 2～6 mm/min scopes.
Though be to make the thermal source that constitutes by induction coil leave the container 22b of container containing 22a in above narration, also can be by means of motor M shown in Figure 2 as drive source, the container 22b that container 22a is housed is moved both vertically and leave thermal source.
Then, the contact material that obtains is carried out processing such as turning and grinding, so that be provided for the contact of vacuum circuit-breaker etc.
Making a sectional area at the core of the garden post piece of 50 millimeters of the external diameters that is made of copper, 200 millimeters of length is that 300 square millimeters, length are 80 millimeters hole.The granular metal Bi of 30 grams are filled in the hole of copper billets, then its integral body is placed in the device as shown in Figure 2 under following condition heat fused and solidifies.
Heating-up temperature: 1100～1140 ℃
Heating time: 120 minutes
The speed of removing of heating source: 4 mm/min.
Bi content in the Cu-Bi alloy that finally obtains is 0.6%(weight).
In order to estimate the anti-weldability and the cutout performance of the contact that the material produced with said method makes, this material has been carried out following test.
(1) existence of pore
It is cut in plane along the central shaft of contact material, and with half cut surface polishing.Use the observation by light microscope burnishing surface then.See that when observing basic pore-free exists, and find that its crystal structure is qualified.
(2) distribution of Bi:
Second half of this material further laterally is cut into several, carries out the existence that segregation is measured in atomic absorption analysis every.As a result, find vertically along material, Bi is as shown in Figure 3 equally distributed, and can't see the segregation of Bi basically.
(3) measurement of gas content:
Be measurement gas content, use a device that utilizes the gas chromatograph law technology, the material piece of gained in the above-mentioned test (2) is had the analysis of no oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen existence.Fig. 5 shows the assay to oxygen, because oxygen is the most harmful when being present in the container of vacuum circuit-breaker.Can obviously find out O from Fig. 4
2Content near 2ppm, it has shown in the material produced according to the invention, oxygen content has reduced to and has been about with 1/10 of the oxygen content of the material of produced in conventional processes, this conventional method is with copper fusing (for example under 1150 ℃), under the pressure of argon gas atmosphere and about 150 torrs, add the Bi of aequum then.
(4) measurement of anti-welding performance:
The contact material that employing is produced by the embodiment of the invention 1 is made the garden plate-like of 25 millimeters of diameters, 5 millimeters of thickness, measures its anti-welding performance then.
More particularly, it is on 25 millimeters the end of contact rod that a contact is fixed on an external diameter, is 100 millimeters the face that touches places above-mentioned contact for spherical contact opposite with another radius.Under the load effect of 100 grams (g), two contacts are in contact with one another.About 10
-6Under the vacuum degree condition of torr, make 8KA pass through two contacts, and measure the separately required power (kg) of two tentaculums to the electric current of 25KA.Found that and separate required power in the optimum range of 0～10kg.
(5) measurement of cutout performance:
Make according to the method for the embodiment of the invention 1 that to contain 0.6%(heavy) external diameter of Bi is 50 millimeters, length is 200 millimeters contact material, making external diameter with this material then is that 30 millimeters, thickness are the contact of 5 millimeters garden plate-like, contact is placed a vacuum circuit-breaker, at AC12KV, carry out current interruption test under the condition of 25KA.Find that in this case the backfire probability is less than 1%, be equivalent to approximately by 1/30 of the backfire rate of the contact of the produced in conventional processes described in above-mentioned (3) bar.
At external diameter is that 27 millimeters, length are that to make a sectional area be that 300 square millimeters, length are 50 millimeters hole for the centre of 220 millimeters garden column copper billet.8 gram Bi particles are inserted in the hole of this copper billet, under following condition, in device as shown in Figure 3, made its whole heat fused and solidify.
Heating-up temperature: 1100～1140 ℃
Heating time: 100 minutes
Vacuum degree: 1～3 * 10
-6Torr
Thermal source is removed speed: 5 mm/min.
Bi content in the Cu-Bi alloy of final gained is 0.55%(weight).
In order to estimate the anti-weldability and the cutout performance of the contact that the material produced with this method makes, carried out and the identical test in above-mentioned (1)～(5), its result basic with produce according to embodiment 1 material obtained comes to the same thing.Segregation test (2) the results are shown among Fig. 5 in this case.
Embodiment 3
At external diameter is that 23 millimeters, length are that to make a sectional area be that 300 square millimeters, length are 50 millimeters hole for the centre of copper billet of 220 millimeters garden post shapes.6 gram Bi are particles filled in this hole, then under following condition, in device as shown in Figure 3 with its whole heat fused with solidify.
Heating-up temperature: 1100～1140 ℃
Heating time: 90 minutes
Vacuum degree: 1～3 * 10
-6Torr
Thermal source is removed speed: 5 mm/min.
Bi content in the Cu-Bi alloy of final gained is 0.6%(weight).
Above-mentioned material has been carried out and example 1 and 2 described identical tests, obtained and the essentially identical result of above-mentioned test.The results are shown among Fig. 6 of the segregation test of being carried out in this case (2).
Though just embodiment narrates when of the present invention, only prepares a hole and be used for filling low-melting-point metal on the piece that used electric conducting material (as Cu or Ag) is made, obviously also can in this piece, make several holes or cavity is used for holding low-melting-point metal.
In addition, the thermal source that is used for heating the conducting metal that is added with low-melting-point metal can be the device of any appropriate format except that above-mentioned induction heating equipment.
Claims (11)
1, a kind of production method that is used as the contact material of vacuum circuit-breaker, be characterized in block high conductivity metal, making hole, the low-melting-point metal that will have anti-welding performance is filled in the above-mentioned hole, under high vacuum condition, heat the block high conductivity metal that contains above-mentioned low-melting-point metal with being contained in above-mentioned reguline metal thermal source on every side, so that above-mentioned low-melting-point metal and above-mentioned high conductivity metal melt and mix, cool off the gained metal mixture then gradually, at this moment above-mentioned thermal source is pressed predetermined direction and separated, so that this metal mixture is solidified with above-mentioned metal mixture.
2, the method for claim 1, wherein said block high conductivity metal are by a kind of the making in copper and the silver at least.
3, the method for claim 1, wherein said low-melting-point metal is selected from bismuth, tellurium, selenium, antimony and contains in the alloy of one of these metallic elements
4, the method for claim 1, wherein said low-melting-point metal has the vapour pressure that is higher than 10 torrs under 800 ℃.
5, the method for claim 1, wherein in hole, insert 0.5～1.5%(by weight) above-mentioned low-melting-point metal.
6, the method for claim 1 is wherein inserted said anti-welding component at least one hole for preparing on the above-mentioned block high conductivity metal piece, and covers the outwardly open part of above-mentioned hole with metal closures.
7, the method for claim 1, wherein said heating source is a load coil.
8, the method for claim 1, wherein said heat fused and coagulation step all are to be lower than 10
-5Finish under the condition of torr vacuum degree.
9, the method for claim 1, wherein said heat fused step is preferably carried out in 1100～1150 ℃ temperature range.
10, the method for claim 1 wherein makes said heating source leave metal mixture with predetermined direction.
11, the method for claim 1 wherein makes said metal mixture leave its heating source with predetermined direction.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP249375/85 | 1985-11-07 | ||
| JP60249375A JPH0664971B2 (en) | 1985-11-07 | 1985-11-07 | Manufacturing method of contact material for vacuum circuit breaker |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN86107636A CN86107636A (en) | 1987-07-08 |
| CN1003101B true CN1003101B (en) | 1989-01-18 |
Family
ID=17192083
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN86107636A Expired CN1003101B (en) | 1985-11-07 | 1986-11-06 | Method for manufacture of contact material |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0664971B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR900000922B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1003101B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA868430B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100410414C (en) * | 2004-04-08 | 2008-08-13 | 中南大学 | Heat treatment for improving strong toughness of super high aluminium alloy |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102016218518C5 (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2023-05-11 | Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG | Contact piece for a high-voltage circuit breaker and method for its manufacture |
-
1985
- 1985-11-07 JP JP60249375A patent/JPH0664971B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1986
- 1986-11-05 KR KR1019860009366A patent/KR900000922B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-11-05 ZA ZA868430A patent/ZA868430B/en unknown
- 1986-11-06 CN CN86107636A patent/CN1003101B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100410414C (en) * | 2004-04-08 | 2008-08-13 | 中南大学 | Heat treatment for improving strong toughness of super high aluminium alloy |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS62110217A (en) | 1987-05-21 |
| JPH0664971B2 (en) | 1994-08-22 |
| KR900000922B1 (en) | 1990-02-19 |
| KR870005426A (en) | 1987-06-08 |
| ZA868430B (en) | 1987-07-29 |
| CN86107636A (en) | 1987-07-08 |
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