CL2015002221A1 - Método para convertir insectos o gusanos en flujos de nutrientes y las composiciones obtenidas de ese modo. - Google Patents

Método para convertir insectos o gusanos en flujos de nutrientes y las composiciones obtenidas de ese modo.

Info

Publication number
CL2015002221A1
CL2015002221A1 CL2015002221A CL2015002221A CL2015002221A1 CL 2015002221 A1 CL2015002221 A1 CL 2015002221A1 CL 2015002221 A CL2015002221 A CL 2015002221A CL 2015002221 A CL2015002221 A CL 2015002221A CL 2015002221 A1 CL2015002221 A1 CL 2015002221A1
Authority
CL
Chile
Prior art keywords
worms
way
compositions obtained
insects
converting
Prior art date
Application number
CL2015002221A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Tarique Arsiwalla
Kees Wilhelmus Petrus Aarts
Original Assignee
Protix Biosystems B V
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=48703772&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=CL2015002221(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Protix Biosystems B V filed Critical Protix Biosystems B V
Publication of CL2015002221A1 publication Critical patent/CL2015002221A1/es

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
    • A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
    • A23D9/02—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils characterised by the production or working-up
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
    • A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
    • A23J1/00—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites
    • A23J1/02—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites from meat
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
    • A23J3/00—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
    • A23J3/04—Animal proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/115—Fatty acids or derivatives thereof; Fats or oils
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L35/00—Food or foodstuffs not provided for in groups A23L5/00 – A23L33/00; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
    • A61K47/12—Carboxylic acids; Salts or anhydrides thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
    • C11B1/06—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by pressing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
    • C11B1/12—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by melting out
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
CL2015002221A 2013-02-07 2015-08-07 Método para convertir insectos o gusanos en flujos de nutrientes y las composiciones obtenidas de ese modo. CL2015002221A1 (es)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201361761735P 2013-02-07 2013-02-07
NL2010268A NL2010268C2 (en) 2013-02-07 2013-02-07 Method to convert insects or worms into nutrient streams and compositions obtained thereby.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CL2015002221A1 true CL2015002221A1 (es) 2016-01-15

Family

ID=48703772

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CL2015002221A CL2015002221A1 (es) 2013-02-07 2015-08-07 Método para convertir insectos o gusanos en flujos de nutrientes y las composiciones obtenidas de ese modo.

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (2) US10537118B2 (es)
EP (2) EP2953487B1 (es)
CA (2) CA2936068C (es)
CL (1) CL2015002221A1 (es)
DK (1) DK2953487T3 (es)
ES (1) ES2766804T3 (es)
HU (1) HUE047083T2 (es)
NL (1) NL2010268C2 (es)
PL (1) PL2953487T3 (es)
PT (1) PT2953487T (es)
WO (1) WO2014123420A1 (es)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11432568B2 (en) 2014-12-31 2022-09-06 Ynsect Beetle powder

Families Citing this family (38)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015070194A1 (en) 2013-11-11 2015-05-14 Dossey Aaron T Insect products and methods of manufacture and use thereof
EP3078277A1 (en) * 2015-03-12 2016-10-12 Krauß, Stefan Method for the manufacture of insect powder
CN108471777A (zh) * 2015-10-23 2018-08-31 C-Fu食品公司 可食用的昆虫衍生产品及其生产方法和用途
WO2017079427A1 (en) * 2015-11-03 2017-05-11 Exo Labs Llc Insect products and methods of manufacture thereof
US11724876B2 (en) 2016-05-24 2023-08-15 RoBotany Ltd. Apparatus and method for autonomous agriculture inventory management
US10264768B2 (en) * 2016-08-21 2019-04-23 Daniel Michael Leo Insect production systems and methods
FI127853B (en) 2016-09-08 2019-04-15 Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt Oy Arthropod products, processes for their preparation and uses thereof
WO2018122352A1 (fr) * 2016-12-28 2018-07-05 Ynsect Procede de traitement d'insectes comprenant la separation des cuticules de la partie molle des insectes puis la separation de la partie molle en trois fractions
FR3060947A1 (fr) * 2016-12-28 2018-06-29 Ynsect Procede de traitement d'insectes comprenant la separation des cuticules de la partie molle des insectes puis la separation de la partie molle en trois fractions
FR3060946B1 (fr) * 2016-12-28 2021-12-31 Ynsect Procede de traitement d'insectes comprenant la separation des cuticules de la partie molle des insectes a l'aide d'un separateur a bande
WO2018122353A1 (fr) * 2016-12-28 2018-07-05 Ynsect Procede de traitement d'insectes comprenant la separation des cuticules de la partie molle des insectes a l'aide d'un separateur a bande
US10842138B1 (en) 2017-08-02 2020-11-24 Insecticycle LLC Method, device, and system for use with insect larvae
RU2690487C1 (ru) * 2018-07-02 2019-06-03 Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Федеральный научный центр животноводства - ВИЖ имени академика Л.К. Эрнста" Способ кормления молодняка сельскохозяйственных животных
DE102018116769A1 (de) 2018-07-11 2020-01-16 Gea Mechanical Equipment Gmbh Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Produkten der Nahrungs- und/oder Futtermittelindustrie aus Insekten und Feststoffphase gewonnen aus Insekten
KR102034492B1 (ko) * 2018-10-26 2019-10-21 농업회사법인 주식회사 우성 식용곤충, 벌나무, 대추 및 헛개나무의 혼합 추출물을 유효성분으로 함유하는 면역력 증진 효과를 가지는 반려동물용 사료 조성물
EP3897215A4 (en) * 2018-12-18 2022-09-14 Flying Spark Ltd COMPOSITIONS HIGH IN CALCIUM AND HIGH IN MAGNESIUM
FR3098687B1 (fr) 2019-07-19 2022-05-20 Veolia Environnement Ve Procede d’obtention de farines enrichies en proteines provenant de larves utilisees pour la bioconversion de dechets organiques
NL2027744B1 (en) 2019-09-17 2022-09-16 Protix Bv Hydrolysate of water soluble insect proteins
WO2021125956A1 (en) 2019-12-17 2021-06-24 Protix B.V. Method for the conversion of insects into insect pulp and nutrient streams, insect pulp and nutrient streams obtainable by this method
NL2024574B1 (en) 2019-12-24 2021-09-08 Protix Bv Thrips control
KR102325312B1 (ko) * 2020-01-02 2021-11-11 한국식품연구원 그래프팅기술을 이용한 곤충 유래 식품 단백질의 제조방법 및 이에 따라 제조된 곤충 유래 조성물
EP3991567A1 (de) * 2020-10-28 2022-05-04 Bühler Insect Technology Solutions AG Verfahren zur herstellung eines proteinmehls aus insekten, insbesondere aus insektenlarven und aus insektenpuppen, oder aus würmern und trocknungsvorrichtung zur verwendung in ei-nem solchen verfahren
WO2022104349A1 (en) 2020-11-13 2022-05-19 Can Technologies, Inc. Insect oil in swine feed
KR102616263B1 (ko) * 2020-12-23 2023-12-27 농업회사법인 주식회사 엔토모 동애등에 성분을 포함하는 사료 첨가제 및 그 제조방법
NL2027590B1 (en) 2021-02-18 2022-09-15 Protix Bv Two-stage cooling process for larvae puree
NL2027887B1 (en) 2021-03-31 2022-10-17 Ynsect Nl R & D B V Textured edible protein product derived from insect larvae or worms
FR3122065A1 (fr) * 2021-04-23 2022-10-28 Innovafeed Graisse d’insecte et ses utilisations
RU2759518C1 (ru) * 2021-05-12 2021-11-15 Федеральное государственное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр «Фундаментальные основы биотехнологии» Российской академии наук» Состав для производства мясного фарша
NL2028315B1 (en) 2021-05-28 2022-12-12 Protix Bv Insect protein composition for the prevention and treatment of ostearthritis
NL2028514B1 (en) * 2021-06-22 2022-12-29 Ynsect Nl R & D B V Proteinaceous powder derived from insect larvae or worms
EP4118974A1 (en) * 2021-07-13 2023-01-18 Alfa Laval Corporate AB Method and system for providing an insect-based, low-fat protein meal from an insect-based raw material
FR3131181A1 (fr) 2021-12-24 2023-06-30 Innovafeed Procede de traitement industriel de larves d’arthropodes, et notamment de larves d’insectes vivantes
FR3131182A1 (fr) 2021-12-24 2023-06-30 Innovafeed Procede d’hygienisation de larves d’arthropodes, et notamment d’insectes et plus specifiquement de dipteres broyees
FR3131183A1 (fr) 2021-12-24 2023-06-30 Innovafeed Installation de traitement de larves d’arthropodes, et notamment d’insectes et plus specifiquement de larves de dipteres.
EP4218423A1 (en) * 2022-01-26 2023-08-02 Bühler AG Two-step cooking
NL2031036B1 (en) 2022-02-22 2023-09-06 Protix Bv Insect-derived, enzyme-modified lipid composition
WO2023224464A1 (en) 2022-05-19 2023-11-23 Protix B.V. Insect fat for use in the treatment or prophylaxis of intestinal inflammation
WO2023224465A1 (en) 2022-05-19 2023-11-23 Protix B.V. Insect fat for improving intestinal immunity

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1094944C (zh) * 1999-09-15 2002-11-27 天津大学 一种壳聚糖的制备方法
CN1100490C (zh) 1999-12-01 2003-02-05 中国科学院动物研究所 一种资源昆虫有效成份的分离、提取方法
RU2345139C2 (ru) 2006-07-26 2009-01-27 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "МУСКА" Способ переработки личинок синантропной мухи
CN101117612B (zh) * 2006-08-01 2012-06-20 西安市轻工业研究所 一种食用昆虫油及其生产方法和应用
KR100828114B1 (ko) 2007-01-26 2008-05-08 주식회사 메디라바텍 집파리 유충의 에탄올 추출물을 유효성분으로 하는 항미생물용 사료 첨가제 및 그 제조방법
JP4384249B2 (ja) 2008-03-28 2009-12-16 株式会社シンギー 蜂の子加工飲食品の製造方法、及び蜂の子加工飲食品
CN101406486B (zh) * 2008-11-05 2011-06-08 梁庆高 一种蝇蛆保健口服液的制备方法
WO2010104908A1 (en) * 2009-03-11 2010-09-16 LiveFuels, Inc. Systems and methods for regulating algal biomass
CL2009001586A1 (es) 2009-07-14 2011-05-27 Investig Y Comercializacion Biotecnologica Omebit S A Proceso de obtención de un extracto de aceite que contiene ácidos grasos saturados, monoinsaturados y poliinsaturados a partir de larvas y pupas de mosca.
CN101880593A (zh) * 2010-06-13 2010-11-10 中山大学 黑水虻幼虫作为油料昆虫的应用
CN101880591A (zh) * 2010-06-13 2010-11-10 中山大学 家蝇蛆作为油料昆虫的应用
CN101880590A (zh) * 2010-06-13 2010-11-10 中山大学 大头金蝇蛆作为油料昆虫的应用
CN102578361B (zh) 2012-03-28 2013-09-11 常熟市汇康食品厂 一种蛆复合蛋白粉
NL2009044C2 (en) 2012-06-21 2013-12-24 Protix Biosystems B V Method to convert insects or worms into nutrient streams and compositions obtained thereby.
CN102827689A (zh) * 2012-07-17 2012-12-19 浙江省长三角循环经济技术研究院 蛆油加工工艺

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11432568B2 (en) 2014-12-31 2022-09-06 Ynsect Beetle powder

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA3130977A1 (en) 2014-08-14
EP2953487B1 (en) 2019-12-04
WO2014123420A1 (en) 2014-08-14
HUE047083T2 (hu) 2020-04-28
DK2953487T3 (da) 2020-02-17
US20200045987A1 (en) 2020-02-13
US20150374005A1 (en) 2015-12-31
PT2953487T (pt) 2020-02-20
EP2953487A1 (en) 2015-12-16
EP3692800A1 (en) 2020-08-12
US20230363405A1 (en) 2023-11-16
ES2766804T3 (es) 2020-06-15
CA2936068A1 (en) 2014-08-14
CA3130977C (en) 2023-08-29
NL2010268C2 (en) 2014-08-11
CA2936068C (en) 2021-11-09
US10537118B2 (en) 2020-01-21
PL2953487T3 (pl) 2020-05-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CL2015002221A1 (es) Método para convertir insectos o gusanos en flujos de nutrientes y las composiciones obtenidas de ese modo.
ES2791306T8 (es) Cortinas de confinamiento, así como sistemas y aparatos que incluyen las mismas
JP2013188229A5 (es)
DK2853289T3 (da) Anordning, der kan implanteres under huden
IL241046A0 (en) Fertilizer composition and method for its preparation
DK3623390T3 (da) Kulhydrattværbinder
DK3329118T3 (da) Forbedringer vedrørende vindmøllevinger
DK3268555T3 (da) Elongated composite profile and method for mounting the same
BR112016008623A2 (pt) aditivo, composição e métodos de processamento de polímero.
GB201406038D0 (en) Autotroph-based deodorizer and method for manufacturing the same
BR112015021204A2 (pt) codificador, decodificador e método.
FI20155123A (fi) Automaattisella palautustoiminnolla varustettu räkki ja automaattinen palautusmenetelmä samaa varten
SG11201509399YA (en) Filtration device and filtration method using the same
LT3087989T (lt) Kietos kompozicijos, apimančios tofoglifloziną, ir jų gamybos būdas
PT3049604T (pt) Elemento para mover redes de mosquito, cortinas e afins
GB201519939D0 (en) Cross-flow shaker and method for using the same
TWI561773B (en) Six-primary solid state illuminator and operating method using the same
DE102013210189B8 (de) Bauteil, Kupplungsanordnung sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung des Bauteils
DE112016005687A5 (de) Thermoelektrische Vorrichtung, insbesondere thermoelektrischer Generator
FR3044675B1 (fr) Composition bitume-polymere thermoreticulee et son procede de preparation
GB2513859B (en) Agrochemical composition, method for its preparation and the use thereof
PL2792237T3 (pl) Zestaw, układ do hodowli i sposób hodowli Spathius exarator
ITRM20130471A1 (it) Impianto endosseo perfezionato.
TH149084B (th) องค์ประกอบไอโซมอลโตโอลิโกแซคคาไรด์ที่มีไอโซมอลทูโลส วิธีสำหรับการเตรียมสิ่งเดียวกัน และการใช้ ของมัน
ZA201407757B (en) Processing method and polymer prepared by the method