CH718114A2 - watercraft. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a watercraft, in particular a yacht (1), which is designed in a SWATH design. It should have improved and higher usage properties. For this purpose, the watercraft, in particular a yacht, which is designed in a SWATH design, has an upper ship (2) that accommodates a superstructure (3), on the underside of which, the wet deck (8), there are two stilts that are spaced apart transversely to the direction of travel, Partial hulls (4, 5) are arranged on. The partial hulls (4, 5) are each seated on a diver (6, 7) which is arranged essentially in the direction of travel of the watercraft and extends over at least part of the upper hull (2). The divers (6, 7) have characteristic constrictions in cross-section, which are shaped along the length of swimmer profiles (22, 23) of the partial hull (4, 5).

Description

The invention relates to a watercraft, in particular a yacht, which is designed in a SWATH design.

The invention further relates to a method / device for controlling the operation of such.

Ships with double hulls are known (catamarans), as well as watercraft with a smaller waterline area and greater immersion depth, which have a hull that is designed in the SWATH (Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull) design. SWATH ships have a greater immersion depth than catamarans. Due to the design, this allows the ship to move less in the sea. For example, DE 202004017969 U1 discloses a pilot or service ship in which the buoyancy bodies, which are arranged on supports on the bottom of the hull, can be partially flooded. As a result, the floating position of the ship and thus also its draft can be kept essentially constant. A similar watercraft is shown in DE 202013010071 U1.

[0004] In a SWATH ship according to DE 202009011206 U1, at least one section of a buoyancy body should be exchangeable in order to ensure good accessibility to relevant components in the buoyancy bodies, for example the ship's propulsion system.

DE 202010015531 U1 also discloses a watercraft with lateral outriggers and only one buoyancy body, which extends in the direction of travel over at least part of the hull body and which is arranged parallel to the lateral outriggers in the middle of the hull. The connection between the bottom of the hull and the buoyancy body is in turn made by means of a support arrangement.

The shipbuilding industry, particularly with regard to high value yachts, does not offer any applicable solutions to support the transition from conventional marine propulsion systems using fossil fuels to those that can be operated with renewable energies. Conventional yachts in lightweight construction usually suffer from a lack of seaworthiness, build quality or energy balance to be a premium product or they are too heavy and too inefficient in traditional shipbuilding to be able to be operated self-sufficiently.

The invention is based on the object of developing a watercraft, in particular a yacht, which is designed in a SWATH design, which has improved and higher performance characteristics compared to the prior art and furthermore, in particular, a private, non-commercial use allows.

The object is achieved with the features of independent claim 1.

The watercraft according to the invention, in the example a yacht 1 of the premium segment, is designed in a SWATH design, which includes a superstructure receiving upper ship, on the underside of which, the wet deck, two partial hulls (stilts) spaced apart transversely to the direction of travel are arranged . These partial hulls extend over at least part of the upper ship, essentially in the direction of travel of the watercraft. The partial hulls are each seated on a diver, a buoyant body, which is arranged essentially in the direction of travel of the watercraft and extends over at least part of the upper ship. Characteristic are narrowings of the divers, which are optimally shaped to the longitudinal course of the swimmer profile of the partial hulls and correspond to this with a minimal offset.

When underway, a harmonious system of standing waves above and below the water surface, starting from the divers and the bow and stern of each individual swimmer of the partial hulls, reduces the flow resistance considerably because these standing waves are caused by the geometric design and positioning of the partial hulls (stilts) neutralize and obliterate each other.

The inventor has found that the wave-forming resistance in SWATHs has the greatest influence on the total resistance, while the proportion of friction turns out to be rather small. In addition, there are interference patterns between two hulls caused by the superimposition of the generated surface waves, the "peaks and valleys" of which can lead to unfavorable inflows to the propeller, which would reduce the propulsion efficiency, and which also deflect the ship from its actual orientation while underway. If the ship deviates from the design waterline CWL in its orientation and position, the energy consumption during the journey can increase enormously. The ship tries, figuratively explained, to constantly ramp up on its own bow wave, while assuming that all available energy is used to travel straight ahead.

Therefore, it is advantageous to reduce the surface waves and interference patterns caused by the wave-forming drag as much as possible and to keep the ship "straight on line" while underway. As a result, the watercraft according to the invention is up to 2 times more efficient than comparable yachts. It therefore requires only half the energy to move at the same speed.

The interferences are dependent on the center distance of the partial hulls to one another, while the partial hull with the complementary waves on swimmers and divers is independent of this and works in principle even with a single partial hull. Therefore, this arrangement can also be applied to watercraft with three (or more) partial hulls or only one partial hull with two lateral outriggers (SWASH).

The hull shape according to the invention is highly optimized for SWATH watercraft.

Preferred and advantageous developments of the invention are disclosed in the dependent patent claims.

To initiate the effects of pressure and vibration, the tip of each diver is designed as a bead and arranged at a distance from the bow float of the fuselage section.

Between the two partial hulls there is an offset of the swimmers (or their course of displacement) along the longitudinal axis, viewed backwards relative to the diver. As a result, the waves of the two swimmers of the partial hull can be almost completely eliminated by the flow behavior of the diver.

The flippers/fins and transverse thruster are positioned with an analog offset, so that they still support this effect with the waves emanating from them. This corresponding system is not just limited to the bow swimmer, but also comes into play in a similar form with the stern swimmer with the same effect.

The resulting waves are not always completely eliminated, a small remaining part still manages to propagate on the surface. By arranging the floats accordingly, the resulting interference pattern can be influenced and shifted to more favorable areas. At best, the propeller efficiency can be further increased at certain speeds by using this effect.

Basically, the watercraft must be aligned exactly straight, according to the design waterline CWL. A variety of influences such as B. waves, storm, uneven weight shift, extreme cornering etc. counteracts this alignment, which is why a Proactive Stabilization System (PSS) is used to keep the ship on the design waterline CWL in every situation. Other constructive measures for stabilization and alignment, e.g. B. gyroscope, stabilizing fins, additional ballast tanks are also possible. Optional and advantageous are transverse thrusters and fins on both divers.

According to the invention, the relationship between the offset or the course of the displacement (swimmer) and the diver's curvature can be represented as follows:

AT 1 and AT 2 denotes the cross-sectional area at the locally thickest (T1) or locally thinnest point (T2) of the diver and AS 2 the cross-sectional area below the CWL 20 at the thickest point S2des swimmer.

Furthermore, pA denotes the curvature progression factor and pV denotes the length offset factor, i. H. similarity factors.

The distance between T1 and T2 is ΔT. Furthermore, S1 is the position of the tip of the swimmer. Thus, the offset ΔL from swimmer tip S1 relative to the thickest part of diver T1 is defined as ΔL= T1- S1

[0025] This results in a pattern of the partial hulls (divers, swimmers) with a characteristic shape and defined proportions, their dimensions and relationships, specifying a respective value range, for both bow and stern swimmers alike: pA≈ 0.12 ... 0.23 pV≈ 0.17 ... 0.25

The use of the most modern and deeply integrated software technology for managing and operating yachts is not customary in the industry.

The advantages of the watercraft according to the invention consist in a self-sufficient, all-electric yacht, which is preferably operated with solar energy and which enables noiseless cruising and rolling-free driving with an unlimited range.

[0028] In addition, the structure has planking that is variable in area, which is essentially or at least predominantly covered with photovoltaic elements.

Other advantages are the absence of diesel and exhaust gas smell, a highly efficient and optimized hull, performance comparable to the motor yachts currently on the market, an innovative lightweight construction, luxurious living comfort without compromise, unique, tailored to the technology Exterior and interior design and the use of modern software such as machine learning to manage and optimize all yacht operations, from energy management, navigation, automatic maneuvering and control of all components to maintenance analysis and problem support.

The invention is described in more detail below in an exemplary embodiment with reference to a drawing. In the drawing, FIG. 1 shows: a watercraft according to the invention in a side view, floating; FIG. 2: a hull of the watercraft according to FIG. 1; FIG. 3: a fuselage body according to FIG. 2 in a different view; 4: the watercraft according to the invention in a different view; 5: fuselage body from the front; Fig. 6: Representation of an interference seen from above; Fig. 7: Representation of a length offset and Fig. 8: Detailed representation of a partial fuselage, seen from above.

In the example, the watercraft according to the invention is a yacht 1 of the premium segment, which is designed in a SWATH design. It comprises a superstructure 3 accommodating upper ship 2, on the underside of which, the wet deck 8, two partial hulls 4, 5 (stilts) are arranged which are spaced apart transversely to the direction of travel and extend over at least part of the upper ship 2, in the example over its length and extend essentially in the direction of travel of the watercraft (Fig. 2, 3). The partial hulls 4, 5 each sit on a diver 6, 7, which is arranged essentially in the direction of travel of the watercraft and extends over at least part of the upper hull 2 (sits in the example also over its length). The divers 6, 7 and partly also the partial hulls 4, 5 are underway, in the operating position of the yacht 1 below the design waterline 20.

The divers 6, 7 are provided with movable and controllable fins 11 (fin, elevator) in the bow and stern area of the yacht 1, which face one another in the rest position (FIG. 3). Diver 6, 7 is equipped with an electric drive, the rotor of which can be rotated and which is provided with a propeller 12 and a rudder 14 at the rear. Furthermore, the front floats 22, 23 each have a transverse thruster 18 for generating transverse thrust.

The upper ship 2 is equipped with cabins and utility rooms for dinghies, batteries, control devices, water and food supplies, etc., which are not explicitly shown. fitted. In the example, the superstructure 3 has a living and recreation deck with a bathing platform and an upper deck 15 . The latter is also equipped with seating and lying areas and also includes the helmsman's workplace. The upper deck 15 is also equipped with a raisable roof 16 (Fig. 4).

The structure 3 has a planking 9 with a variable surface area, which is essentially covered with photovoltaic elements 10 (FIG. 1). Furthermore, the planking 9 is arranged at least partially so that it can be folded open. In the example, this is done in such a way that side parts 13 of the superstructure 3 have a curved, wing-like shape, which can be swung open or pivoted in a wing-like manner into an almost horizontal position (FIG. 4).

As a result, on the one hand, the usable area of the photovoltaic elements 10 is increased according to the position of the sun or the energy requirement, and on the other hand, the cooling of the decks and cabins is increased. A frame-like element, the structure 17 remains in the same position when the side parts 13 are opened, in order to statically support the roof structure 16 with the upper deck 15 together with the front support 19 . This achieves a lightweight, integral structure for the entire assembly.

Narrowings of the divers 6, 7 behind their tip 24 are characteristic, which are optimally shaped according to the course of the swimmer profiles 32 of the partial hulls 4, 5 and which correspond to one another with a minimal offset 30, in the example approx. 500 mm (Fig .7, 8).

Between the two partial hulls 4, 5 there is this offset 30 of the “swimmer displacement” along the longitudinal axis, viewed backwards relative to the diver 6, 7. As a result, the waves of the two swimmers 22, 23 of the partial hulls 4, 5 can be eliminated or at least significantly reduced by the flow behavior of the diver 6, 7.

The fins 11 and transverse thruster 18 are positioned with a similar offset, so that they still support this effect with the waves emanating from them. This corresponding system is not limited to the bow float 22 alone, but also comes into play in a similar form with the stern float 23 with the same effect. Transverse thrusters 18 and flippers/fins 11 are advantageously arranged on both divers 6 , 7 .

When driving, a harmonizing system of standing waves above and below the water surface, starting from the divers 6, 7 and the bow and stern of each individual swimmer 22, 23 of the partial hulls 4, 5, significantly reduces the flow resistance because these standing Waves through the geometric design and positioning of the hulls 4, 5 mutually neutralize and extinguish (Fig. 6).

The resulting waves are not always completely eliminated, but a small part can still propagate on the surface. By appropriately arranging the floats 22, 23, the resulting interference patterns can be influenced and shifted to more favorable areas. Using this effect, the propeller efficiency can be further increased at certain speeds.

For this purpose, the watercraft, in the example the yacht 1, must be aligned exactly straight according to the design waterline CWL 20. A variety of influences such as B. waves, storm, uneven weight shift, extreme cornering etc. counteracts this alignment, which is why a proactive stabilization system (PSS) is used to keep the yacht 1 on the design waterline CWL 20 in every situation. Other structural measures for stabilization and alignment, e.g. gyroscope, stabilizing fins 11, ballast tanks 26 are also possible.

Furthermore, the yacht 1 can be provided with fuel cells, generator or engine 25, hydrogen tanks and ballast tanks 26 in the divers 6, 7 (Fig. 6).

The batteries can also be charged in a port. Furthermore, hydrogen can be refueled in the port, but it can also be generated via shore power with an onboard hydrogen generator.

With regard to its dimensions, the yacht 1 in the example has a usable area of approximately 330 m 2 and can accommodate up to 12 guests.

The control of the yacht 1 is designed in such a way that it can be operated both by a professional helmsman and by the guests, provided they have seafaring knowledge and permits. The control device has components for propulsion and stability, navigation and communication, energy management, service management, security and administration, the software of which has at least partially adaptive algorithms.

Conventional means of navigation are present, including satellite navigation.

[0047] While driving, wind forces, waves and currents can be determined or calculated in real time.

It is also possible to create a 360° 3D image of the surroundings around the yacht 1 using a plurality of LIDAR sensors. This enables a constant all-round view of the yacht 1 and makes mooring and departure maneuvers much easier (comparable to a parking assistant in modern cars. Furthermore, the data from the LIDAR is used in the AMS to automatically maneuver the yacht and to prevent collisions.

The yacht according to the invention also has a mechanism for determining wave amplitudes, referred to as a proactive stabilization system (PSS), in order to assess or compare stability information for the hull based on the measured wave impact and to determine the amplitudes of approaching waves using a sensor.

From this, in turn, expected wave impacts on the hull can be determined and, if necessary, preventive course corrections or the like. be carried out with the aim of reducing the strain on ship and crew while at the same time increasing the efficiency of locomotion.

The disclosed yacht 1 has only a few unpleasant roll and pitch movements, there is more security in extreme situations, it enables an attitude towards life as on a superyacht, with significantly lower costs for maintenance/use, there is no annoying engine noise, cruising speeds of 7- 9 knots on multi-day voyages, better control of the yacht in stressful situations, when maneuvering in narrow harbours, in waves and wind, control of the ship's surroundings and more redundancy in important system components.

List of reference signs

1 yacht 2 upper ship/hull body 3 structure 4 partial hull/stilt 5 partial hull/stilt 6 diver 7 diver 8 wet deck/underside 9 planking 10 photovoltaic element 11 fin/fin 12 propeller 13 side part 14 rudder 15 upper deck 16 roof 17 lateral support element 18 transverse thruster 19 Front support 20 Design waterline CWL 21 - 22 Bow float 23 Stern float 24 Diver tip 25 Propulsion engine 26 Ballast tanks 27 Bow wave of the front float 28 Bow wave of the aft float 29 Interference pattern 30 Length offset 31 Constriction 32 Course of the float profile

Claims (11)

1. Watercraft, in particular a yacht, which is designed in a SWATH design, with a superstructure (3) receiving upper ship (2), on its underside, the wet deck (8), two transverse to the direction of spaced apart hulls ( 4, 5) are arranged, which extend over at least part of the upper hull (2) essentially in the direction of travel of the watercraft, with the partial hulls (4, 5) each being arranged on one, essentially in the direction of travel of the watercraft and extending over at least one Part of the upper ship (2) extending buoyancy bodies consisting of floats (22, 23) and divers (6, 7), characterized in that the divers (6, 7) have characteristic constrictions in cross section, which are based on the longitudinal course of float profiles (22 , 23) of the fuselage section (4, 5) are formed. 2. Vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the characteristic constrictions of the divers (6, 7) are offset in the longitudinal direction relative to the floats (22, 23). 3. Watercraft according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that divers (6, 7) and swimmers (22, 23) with a ratio of length offset (30) with values for the length offset factor pV≈ 0.17 ... 0, 25 or the course of the displacement to narrow the cross section of the diver (6, 7), the diver's curvature, with values for the curvature progression factor pA≈ 0.12 ... 0.23 designed or representable. 4. Vessel according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the tip (24) of each diver (6, 7) is designed as a bead and is arranged at a distance from the bow float (22) of the partial hull (4, 5). 5. Watercraft according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that flippers / fins (11) and transverse thruster (18) with a similar offset as the divers (6, 7) are positioned. 6. Watercraft according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that transverse thrusters (18) and fins (11) are arranged on both divers (6, 7). 7. Watercraft according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the superstructure (3) has planking (9) with a variable surface area, which is essentially covered with photovoltaic elements (10). 8. Vessel according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the planking (9) is arranged at least partially hinged or pivotable. 9. Watercraft according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least one movable fin (11) is arranged on the divers (6, 7). 10. Watercraft according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it has a control and a stabilization system whose software contains AI. 11. Watercraft, in particular a yacht, which is designed in a SWATH design, with a superstructure (3) receiving upper ship (2), on the underside, the wet deck (8), of which there are two partial hulls (4 , 5) are arranged, which extend over at least a part of the upper ship (2) essentially in the direction of travel of the watercraft, with the partial hulls (4, 5) each being arranged essentially in the direction of travel of the watercraft and extending over at least one part the buoyancy body consisting of swimmers (22, 23) and divers (6, 7) extending on the upper ship (2), characterized in that the structure (3) has planking (9) with variable surfaces, which is essentially covered with photovoltaic elements (10). .