CH715395A2 - Partially submerged outboard motor. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an outboard motor (1), designed with a watertight housing (6), with an internal combustion engine (2) built into it, which extends to the bottom of the hull of a watercraft and is thus partially submerged, a part of the housing (6) Water line (WLh) exceeds and has a cover (15), under the housing fixed or rotatably mounted an underwater part (8) is attached, which the engine exhaust (F) and cooling water (C) advantageously through the tandem propeller (11) or close to the outboard motor ( 1) can be discharged via the buoyancy device and the entire outboard motor (1) serves as a steering means or only the housing (6) is permanently attached to the stern and the underwater part (8) can be steered and the outboard motor (1) is trimmed and completely safe from mussels Water can be tilted, and that it is at least positively controlled with the wing in one direction.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to an outboard motor, which is partially submerged to generate the lowest possible center of gravity and is adjustable in height, so that in the wing mode the propeller remains in the water, according to the preamble of the first claim.

State of the art

Outboard motors are available as a slide valve from 1 cylinder to over 600 hp V 8 engine, diesel, gasoline and in the smaller power class electrically operated. These are fastened to the stern of a watercraft, as described by way of example in US Pat. No. 5,980,341 or shown in US 2011/0 223 819 A1. Most have a propeller drive, a few are connected to a jet drive, as described, for example, in US Pat. No. 6,398,600 B1.

Outboard motors with propellers consist of three main parts, which are, the motor housing, the middle part housing, which spaces the motor from the waterline so that no water penetrates into the engine compartment and the underwater housing, which the cavitation plate, the hydrodynamic housing (torpedo) and includes the propeller. There is also an upper plastic cover, which also serves as a water deflector.

Presentation of the invention

The invention relates to an outboard at the stern of a watercraft, with a very low center of gravity, by the vertically installed internal combustion engine as a diesel or gasoline version, bordered in a shockproof housing, which extends to almost the end of the hull bottom of the watercraft, the internal combustion engine is attached to a chassis with technical means and vibration-damping at the same time and is watertightly connected to the underwater part, which is located under the hull of the watercraft and contains the cavitation plate, the torpedo and the propeller, through which the engine exhaust gases and the cooling water are also led is sucked in. Depending on the version, the internal combustion engine is connected to a manual transmission and a clutch or, in addition or instead of the manual transmission, to an electric motor. The electric motor serves to simplify the maneuvering of the watercraft in the port, since the reversal takes place by changing the direction of rotation of the electric motor and can also support the internal combustion engine of the watercraft with power in the acceleration phase and, in the case of a sailing vehicle when sailing, if the propeller rotates empty in the flow, the electric motor acts as a generator and thus produces electricity.

The outboard can have swivel joints at the stern of the watercraft and thus steer the watercraft or the outboard is firmly connected to the stern, for which purpose the underwater part is steerable. In addition, the outboard can be folded up for trimming or the outboard can be folded up completely for longer periods of time, so that the propeller also protrudes from the water and no marine growth accumulates there. The outboard can be mounted several times, once the internal combustion engine is dampened by means of vibration dampers on the chassis and the chassis is dampened again to the watercraft.

Also, the outboard can be curved or vertically up and down, in the event that the outboard is positively controlled connected to the wing system of a watercraft, thereby ensuring that the propeller is always sufficiently deep and in the event of a collision of the wing with one Underwater object, fold up the wings, the outboard starts up immediately.

The outboard can be covered by a cover at the stern of a watercraft, so that the space of an internal combustion engine can still be used and should the outboard be a weighty diesel engine, the high weight can be reduced by means of buoyancy means on the outboard, also by means of Constructional measures on the watercraft, which partially or completely compensate for the watercraft at the stern by means of integrated side-buoyancy, the stern-heavy weight, and also have the watercraft lying at anchor in waves, even dampening in the direction of roll and pounding.

The outboard is also connected to the adjustable wing elements and is positively controlled with the latter at least in the event of collisions.

According to the invention this is achieved by the features of the first claim.

The essence of the invention is an outboard designed with a watertight housing which extends to the bottom of the hull of a watercraft, including an underwater part which is fixed or rotatably mounted and which can advantageously discharge the engine exhaust gases and cooling water through the propeller or close to the outboard and the entire outboard is used as a steering means or only the housing is permanently attached to the stern and the underwater part is steerable and the outboard can be trimmed and safely tilted out of the water before mussel infestation, and that it is at least positively controlled with the hydrofoil in one direction.

Further advantageous embodiments of the invention result from the subclaims.

Brief description of the drawings

In the following, exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. Identical elements are provided with the same reference symbols in the various figures.

[0013] It shows: <tb> Fig. 1 <SEP> is a side view of an outboard with an internal combustion engine, which is connected by technical means, is vibration-dampened to a chassis, which is encapsulated in a waterproof housing, also close to the slewing ring, so that the underwater part can be controlled, which is a cavitation plate, a torpedo, a tandem propeller and the part is hollow so that the engine exhaust can pass through and absorb cooling water, as well as a bilge pump and above the water line there is an active noise compensation via loudspeaker, as well as a flexible pipe as a collecting medium for air, electricity and fuel management <tb> Fig. 2 <SEP> a side view of an outboard with an internal combustion engine, which is connected by technical means and attached to a chassis and includes an electric motor, are encapsulated together in a watertight housing, also close to the slewing ring, so that the underwater part can be controlled, which is a cavitation plate , a torpedo, a tandem propeller and the part is hollow in order to let the engine exhaust through and absorb cooling water, passive noise insulation by means of heavy or corresponding perforated inner covers <tb> Fig. 3 <SEP> is a side view of an outboard which is attached to the stern of a watercraft by means of a lifting plate, a parallelogram and a rear plate and clamping device, the outboard is steered by means of a steering bearing, the entire outboard is steered by means of the control cylinders on the lifting plate and is trimmed by means of the trim cylinder of the outboard and can be folded up with the support of the lifting cylinder with spring, a swivel arm has a telescopic cylinder which is connected to a hydrofoil arm and at the point also acts a hydrofoil cylinder which has an emergency line to the trim cylinder and the buoyancy means is attached to the outboard motor <tb> <SEP> and the housing has an air intake opening with a valve, which is in communication with the controller and an outlet in front of the propellers, as well as an air tube, which the air in the housing via the air inlet, through the housing into the underwater part executes again <tb> Fig. 4 <SEP> is a side view of an outboard, which is damped at the stern of a watercraft by means of a bracket and parallel swivel lever and held in position by means of a cylinder, another cylinder shifts the pivot point of the lower swivel lever by means of an L-shaped arm and a telescopic cylinder on one Swivel lever is mounted, which is connected at the other end to a wing arm <tb> Fig. 5 <SEP> a diagram of a cylinder function for emergencies, with closed valves and an inactive hydraulic motor <tb> Fig. 6 <SEP> a side view of a watercraft with the outboard in two deflection positions, a rail for the height adjustment, a folding bearing for the stair lifting function and the two small wing means <tb> Fig. 7 <SEP> a bottom view of a watercraft with two outboards, the lift fuselage extensions and the two small wing means with the deflection function <tb> Fig. 8 <SEP> a rear view of a watercraft with two new outboards and a standard outboard <tb> Fig. 9 <SEP> is a side view of an outboard with a housing in which two internal combustion engines work, which are coupled to one another on the angular gear and the housing and underwater part are firmly connected to one another, the housing carries the lifting and trimming mechanism and there is a bilge pump on the bottom of the housing and the engine exhaust and cooling water are carried out through the propeller hub. Only the elements essential for the immediate understanding of the invention are shown schematically.

Way of carrying out the invention

Fig. 1 shows a side view of an outboard 1 with an internal combustion engine 2, which is coupled with technical means 3, which are, a clutch 3a, a transmission 3b, on a chassis 4 vibration-damping by means of engine damper 5, which is fixed in a waterproof housing 6 is encapsulated, just as close to the slewing ring 7, so that the underwater part 8 can be controlled, which has a cavitation plate 9, a torpedo 10, a tandem propeller 11 and the part is hollow so that the engine exhaust gases F can pass through and absorb cooling water C, as well as a Bilge pump 12 with bilge hose 12a and above the water line WL there is an active noise compensation 13 by means of loudspeaker 13a, as well as a flexible pipe 14 as a collecting means for air, electricity and fuel supply.

Outboard motors 1 used to be rather small motors to move smaller watercraft. Today, large V8 engines and large diesel engines can be found on large watercraft, often two to four outboards 1 mounted on the stern. The upcoming watercraft, which will be equipped with hydrofoils, will have an enormously poor focus "high up". Commercial watercraft will be reluctant to have a 6-cylinder diesel engine at the rear, which towers above everything and could increase the roll in the sea due to the inertia.

The inventive solution is to lower the internal combustion engine 2 all the way down to the level of the hull of the watercraft wz, to raise it to keep the engine so slim, without having to use an angular gear there, and the considerable length, in the simple drawing Yanmar diesel engine shown schematically to drive half of the total height down and insert it in a secure, shockproof and sealed housing 6. Inside the housing 6 there is a chassis 4, on which the internal combustion engine 2 is supported and there engine dampers 5 have a vibration-absorbing effect, at the same time also absorbing the technical means 3, which, depending on the design, include clutch 3a, gear 3b, which acts as a reduction gear or and serves as a manual transmission for forward and reverse running and also includes an electric motor 3c in FIG. 2. The motor damper 5 can thus be installed practically horizontally or vertically or all together and act passively or electrically as a vibration motor damper. On the chassis 4 or if this is part of the housing 6, the underwater part 8 is also fastened to it, as shown in FIG. 3, firmly connected and appropriately sealed or, as in this case, a slewing ring 7 is fastened with its slewing ring drive 7a, together with the rotating bracket to connect the steerable underwater part 8 to the housing 6 in a watertight manner. Storage and sealing are not dealt with here, as this represents the state of the art, see for example the Volvo Penta IPS drive or the Mercury Zeus drive or a propeller bearing on variable pitch propellers. Despite first-class sealing technology and sealing materials, it can always happen that water can enter, possibly from the top 15 on the housing 6. Therefore, at the lowest point of the housing 6 there is a bilge pump 12 which automatically seeps in water again by means of the Bilge hose 12 a with non-return valve pumps over the waterline WLh. If the controller (not shown here) detects an accumulation of the activity of the bilge pump 12, it can issue an alarm, send it to the cockpit or to the smartphone or PC, so that a weak point of this kind could be reacted to at an early stage. The difference to an outboard engine of the current type is that today's outboards, which are located above the waterline WL, do not require a bilge pump 12, but the center of gravity of the internal combustion engine 2 is extremely high, which is not an issue with small engines, but with increasing size and with the weight of diesel engines this has to be considered. The flexible pipe 14 is attached relatively high, because when the watercraft wz is at anchor, the water is up to the waterline WLh, whereby in heavy watercraft wz the water feature is still somewhat higher and the swell must also be taken into account, in another place ideally the flexible tube 14 is to be attached. When gliding, the water is much deeper, at the point WLc. The flexible pipe 14 represents the connection to the watercraft wz by the power supply from the battery or to the battery, if the electric motor works as a generator, the fuel flow, possibly the dry fresh air supply, Bowden cable and more are protected there in such a flexible pipe 14 collected. There is an active noise compensation 13 in the housing 6, by means of counter-sound a certain sound is thereby neutralized and there is silence. This is very difficult to do in a large room, it is easier to handle in a compact room, but the computing power is still high. The automotive industry uses such noise suppressors as standard in certain vehicles and these are used in an optimally effective manner with appropriately placed loudspeakers 13a, which would also fit very well for such an outboard motor 1 because the space is limited, but still has space for such loudspeakers 13a to attach. In addition, the exhaust gases are also collected and discharged through the partially hollow underwater part 8, i.e. Noise and engine emissions are bound directly in the water and the air is thus held better, especially if such internal combustion engines 2 are operated with soot or and catalysts. The noise is dampened particularly well, because behind a propeller or a tandem propeller 11, the swirling of the water has a large part in the noise insulation.

Because the underwater part 8 is hollow, the cooling water C can be removed from the underwater part 8 and made available to the internal combustion engine 2 and then flows appropriately heated together with the engine exhaust gases F through the propeller hubs 11a back into the open water.

Fig. 2 shows a side view of an outboard 1 with an internal combustion engine 2, which is coupled with technical means 3 and fixed to a chassis 4 and includes an electric motor 3c, are encapsulated together in a waterproof housing 6, also close to the slewing ring 7th , so that the underwater part 8 can be controlled, which has a cavitation plate 9, a torpedo 10, a tandem propeller 11 and is partly hollow in order to allow the engine exhaust gases F to pass through and to absorb cooling water C, a passive soundproofing mat 16 by means of foam or correspondingly perforated inner covers.

This description does not deal with the commissioning and design of an electric motor 3c, but that the space required is conveniently created with this solution, without space-consuming angular gear, i.e. the internal combustion engine 2, here schematically a small Volvo-Penta engine, acts directly on the clutch 3a, gear 3b and acts by means of the electric motor 3c, when activated, directly on the output shaft 17 guided in the underwater part 8, deflection gear 18 and ultimately on the propeller shaft 19, which are connected accordingly to the two tandem propellers 11. The output shaft 17 has its origin at the coupling 3a and ends at the deflection gear 18. Despite some technical means 3a, 3b, 3c, and slewing ring 7, the outboard 1 does not build up, the center of gravity remains extremely low and has every mende above the internal combustion engine 2 Space, so that either the cover 15 becomes smaller or for reasons of prestige, the cover 15 remains large, which has little influence on the center of gravity and several outboards 1 can find space closely next to one another at the stern of a watercraft, since the housings 6 remain rigid and only with the underwater parts 8 is steered. Instead of active noise compensation 13, a high level of acoustic silence can also be generated on the internal combustion engine 2 by means of modern refractory sound insulation mats 16, whereby part of the structure-borne noise would not have an effect on the outside anyway, since a high proportion of the housing 6 is below the waterline WLh and so in Port caused correspondingly less noise.

Fig. 3 shows a side view of an outboard 1, the wz at the stern Hx of a watercraft by means of a lifting plate 20 on which a pivoted steering bracket 20a is mounted, a parallelogram 21 and a rear plate 22 and clamping device 23, the outboard 1 by means of a steering bearing 24 on the steering bracket 20a, the entire outboard 1 is steered with the aid of the control cylinder 25 and by means of the trim cylinder 26 the outboard 1 is trimmed, according to arrow T or folded up, according to arrow TT. By means of the support of the lifting cylinder 27 with the integrated or the adjacent fixed spring 28, which lifts the load of the outboard 1 on the parallelogram 21 as far as possible, the parallelogram 21 is secured in its position and is used for the quasi vertical lifting and lowering of the outboard 1 primarily in the wing mode . A swivel arm 21a of the parallelogram 21 has a telescopic cylinder 29, which is connected to a wing arm 30 and also acts on the swivel arm 21a, the wing cylinder 31, which has a short, flexible and a large cross-section emergency line 32 to the lifting cylinder 27, as in FIG Fig. 5 described. The function of the telescopic cylinder 29 is when the two hydrofoil arms 30 are extended, which are designed as a parallelogram and the outboard 1 is positively controlled to extend downwards and the lifting cylinder 27 is unlocked beforehand by the controller (not shown here) and thus the hydrofoil arms 30 and the outboard 1 after can drive down. If there is a collision with an object in the water, whether with a driftwood or a barrel or a ground contact etc. against one of the wing arms 30, which are all coupled to one another, the wing arm 30 folds up (ie, collapses to the hull of the watercraft wz) , so fold up all other wing arms 30 as well. By connecting the telescopic cylinder 29 between the wing arm 30 and the swivel arm 21, the telescopic cylinder 29 has no resistance when retracting telescopically on the first section, then the resistance increases and the swivel arm 21 and thus the outboard 1 are pushed up progressively. As soon as the wing arm 30 is raised, the outboard 1 has also reached the top. This takes place at lightning speed, but is intended to give the wing arm 30 the chance to first swivel a certain angle without resistance, without counterforce and only then progressively, i.e. not suddenly, to take the outboard motor 1 with its inertia, with the lifting cylinder 27 and the spring 28 pulling support act to lift the outboard 1 more easily. There is a sensor 41 on the wing arm 30 which detects a softer pivot angle. If the controller (not shown here) detects a high rate of change in the angle, the corresponding supporting active cylinders are activated, but in particular the speed of the internal combustion engine 2 is immediately reduced and further support for lifting the wing 40 and the outboard 1 is provided.

Furthermore, on the housing 6 there is a small air intake opening 34a with a valve 35, which is connected to the smart controller 36, which detects the speed of the internal combustion engine 2 and the throttle position and from this the engine load, respectively. recognizes the propeller load and, if necessary, the tandem propeller 11 is ventilated by briefly opening the valve 35 and by means of the air intake opening 34a and hose 37 to the outlet 38 in front of the tandem propeller 11, which receives an air supply and thus lowers the water viscosity and thus the internal combustion engine 2 allows you to easily get to a higher speed and thus the corresponding torque and thus accelerate the watercraft wz. As soon as a certain speed is reached on the internal combustion engine 2, the ventilation of the tandem propeller 11 is stopped again.

There is also an air tube 39 in the housing 6, which conducts the air from the air inlet A, through the housing 6 into the underwater part 8 and then executes it again, together with the engine exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine 2 and the cooling water and thus the engine intake tract of the internal combustion engine 2 supplied with fresh air and at the same time cools the internal combustion engine 2 in the interior of the housing 6.

A corresponding buoyancy body 33 on the outboard 1 relieves the weight of the internal combustion engine 2 at the stern 20 of a watercraft wz, so that it lies elegantly in the water in the port, instead of the stern of the watercraft wz hanging deep in the water. Later, in the hydrofoil mode, the weight of the outboard 1 hardly plays a role, because the aerofoils 40 are dimensioned accordingly and provide corresponding buoyancy and the front aerofoil 40, not shown here, can be trimmed, so that the watercraft wz a comfortable, as horizontal position as possible occupies. The buoyancy body 33 with the discharge location B can also be used for the discharge of air, cooling water and exhaust gases. The interior of the buoyancy body 33 can also be used ideally for filter systems or silencers.

Fig. 4 shows a side view of an outboard 1, the wz at the stern Hx of a watercraft by means of a rear plate 22 and parallel pivot levers 21a, 21b is rotatably mounted on the side of the housing 6 and is held in position by means of a wing cylinder 31, the trim cylinder 26 The pivot point DP of the lower pivot lever 21b is shifted by means of an L-shaped arm 42 and a telescopic cylinder 29 is mounted on the pivot lever 21a and is connected to the wing arm 30 at the other end. The parallelogram 21 and the rear plate 22 have a set of external dampers 5a.

In this version, which are intended for watercraft wz without a clamping device for outboard 1, but for watercraft wz which have a sterndrive (stern drive) or a shaft system, the advantages of outboard 1 with a low center of gravity and all accessories How exhaust gas routing, air supply, height adjustability can be attached in one device directly at the rear Hx, so that a lot of space and installation time can also be saved, as shown in FIG. 6. By means of the unique tilt configuration, in which the pivot point DP can be shifted extremely simply on a swivel arm 21a or 21b, the parallel function of the swivel arms 21a, 21b remains the same, only the housing 6 has a different angle for the trim T and for the flipping TT of the Outboard engine 1 with the tandem propellers 11 via the waterline WLh, such a drive in a watercraft also enjoys the additional damping of the outboard engine 1 by the internal combustion engine 2 first vibrating as far as possible from the chassis 4 or housing 6 by means of the engine damper 5, as in FIG Fig. 1 is described, decoupled vibration and a further time a damping 5a between the housing 6 and pivot arms 21a, 21b are attached and or a set of damper 5a between the rear panel 22 and the stern Hx of a watercraft are placed, for example to have a yacht at the highest level as vibration-free as possible from the activity of the internal combustion engine 2. With this configuration, several outboards 1 can also be attached side by side, synchronized and in order to steer the watercraft wz, as described in FIG. 1, the underwater part 8 is activated by means of the turntable 7 and turntable drive 7a and the housing 6 does not perform any steering movement. In this way, on a watercraft wz, the outboard 1, can be roofed over by means of the rear panel Hp, the extension in the rear area can be used as a continuation of the deck and also the connection of the corresponding knitting cylinder, e.g. the lifting cylinder 27 or trim cylinder 26 take place.

Fig. 5 shows a simplified diagram of the cylinder function in an emergency, with closed valves 43 and inactive hydraulic motor 44 with its tank 45, as well as the expansion vessel 46, the check valve 47 in the emergency line 32 and the overload valve 48 and the secondary overload valve 49.

In the case of the wing 40 or the wing arm 30 gets a collision, in the event of an overload on the active cylinders, here the wing cylinder 31 and advantageously the lifting cylinder 27 also give in a few milliseconds. No valve 43 can react so quickly to let the hydraulic oil flow back into the tank 45, so that in the first approach the overload valves 48 in the piston 50 in the wing cylinder 31 open and the hydraulic oil remains in the cylinder, but the piston 50 can move at lightning speed, but not completely , because the two cylinder chambers, due to the piston rod 51, are not of the same size, so that a residual medium flows into the lifting cylinder 27 by means of the emergency line 32 and the hydraulic oil moves the piston 50a, the valves possibly only beginning to work during this time due to the information from the sensor 41, in the meantime the piston 50a in the lifting cylinder 27 has already traveled a path and the excess pressure there in front of the piston 50a has activated the secondary pressure relief valve 49, so that the hydraulic oil flowing out shoots into the expansion vessel 46. The expansion vessel 46 is constructed such that it may have a small excess pressure by means of a pneumatic bladder and the hydraulic oil, as soon as there is no more pressure from the piston 50a, respectively. this moves down again, the hydraulic oil flows back into the lifting cylinder 27 or into the tank 45.

Fig. 6 shows a side view of a watercraft wz with the outboard 1 in two positions, with a rail 52 and slide 53 for height adjustment, and a folding bearing 54 with respect to access to the outboard 1, and under the hull H, the two fixed, folding "semi-foiling" wing means 55.

By means of this outboard 1 with the low center of gravity, by even a large marine diesel with 6 cylinders is blocked vertically with the underwater part 8, in between depending on the version of course, a gearbox, a clutch or an electric motor, the outboard 1 does not build very much high, so that it easily fits under deck D on yachts and thus the watercraft can even be extended, with very likely better swimming properties, as described in more detail in FIG. 7. This means that two cabins with wet rooms can now be installed in the middle section of a watercraft wz, where two diesel drive motors were usually installed, see the broken lines for the order of magnitude. The service on the engines, which is always an unpleasant job for mechanics in a narrow, stinking room, is pleasantly covered with this new outboard 1 solution, the service can be done standing or sitting in the fresh air as it suits, no need for propeller repairs Diving or the watercraft wz does not have to be lifted out of the water, in short, everything compact on site up to the exhaust system, everything easy to reach. The service flaps can also be, for example, the ST staircase system, which leads down from the deck D to the bathing platform 58. The central advantage is that there are no giant holes in the hull H, as with the IPS or Zeus systems, which have to be sealed accordingly and, in the event of a collision with an object in the water, theoretically, the underwater body attached under the hull H, similar to the underwater part 8, should break away using predetermined breaking points. A corresponding collision often tears away more than desired and then the watercraft sinks within a very short time. The outboard 1 is secured here with two collision measures, which, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, are such that the outboard 1 can be folded up or raised at any time and automatically swings away in the event of a collision, supported by the hydraulics and by the springs 28 as in FIG Fig. 4 described. The installation space behind the stern Hx is open, so the outboard 1 has enough folding space. In this version, the start-up is not realized with swivel arms 21a, b, but rather by means of a slide 53 on the housing 6 in a rail 52 on the watercraft wz, so that it is guided vertically or with a defined slope. The carriage 53 also has a pivot bearing 58 so that the outboard 1 can be pivoted at any point and the housing 6 with its internal combustion engine 2 and the technical means 3 and the tandem propeller 11 are protected in this way. The tandem propeller 11 can also be a single propeller and a pull propeller can also be installed instead of a pressure propeller.

Due to the very high propeller pitch of the tandem propeller 11, it may be that the watercraft is struggling to get into gliding. This is done on the one hand by the integrated electric motor 3c in the output shaft 17, as well as a buoyancy aid in the form of a rigid wing means 55, which has the task of making the possibly heavy weight of a watercraft "lighter" by buoyancy. Although this also creates resistance, the hydrodynamic shape of the wings 56 pays attention to a corresponding track record, so that the buoyancy properties exceed the resistance values.

7 shows a bottom view of a watercraft wz with two outboards 1, the lateral lift fuselage extension 57, the central lift fuselage extension 57a and the two wing means 55 with the spring-assisted deflection function 58 on the wing 56.

Extending a given watercraft wz is not too great a technical feat, the attachment of outboard 1 is also not difficult by the stern Hx must be strengthened accordingly to hold the additional weight and to cope with the loads in the waves, what is also feasible. The extension of the fuselage H to the side can be visually appealing and can also contribute to a technical buoyancy aid by attaching a buoyancy-generating buoyancy hull extension 57 on both sides, which extend to the end of the folded-out outboard 1, the side parts are connected to the bathing platform 59, the deck D is moved on and at a suitable point, such as on the side stairs from deck D down to the bathing platform 59, the part for the service work can be opened.

Depending on the weight of the outboard 1, another lift hull extension 57a can be attached in the middle in order to level the watercraft at anchor. Gasoline internal combustion engine 2 are lighter in weight, so that four such outboards 1 can also be mounted side by side on the stern Hx, the two lateral lift fuselage extensions 57 are chosen to be long enough, i.e. they stretch out under the bathing platform 59 in order to hold the watercraft anchor at the desired leveling. The lift fuselage extension 57 can also have steps, so that the watercraft wz slides with less resistance, supported by the two wing means 55. In the event of a collision with an object, the wing or wings 56 swings horizontally backwards (counter to the direction of travel) and by means of the spring support 60, which e.g. can be a torsion spring, the wings 56 go back to their starting position with appropriate relief.

Fig. 8 shows a rear view of a watercraft with the two new outboards 1 and a standard outboard SO.

The watercraft wz corresponds to an average sports boat of about 7 m in length, which can be taken anywhere with the trailer without restriction and here shows a diesel standard outboard SO at the stern Hx with the usual structure, with the upper part O in which Internal combustion engine 2 is housed, the middle part M with the long drive shaft and clamp for watercraft wz and the usual underwater part 8 and demonstrates the disadvantageous high center of gravity. The novel outboard 1 shown in the middle and the outboard 1 shown on the left are identical to one another, are only adjusted in height to the underbody of the hull H and have the same underwater part 8 as a standard outboard SO, but the internal combustion engine 2 sits directly above the underwater part 8 with the identical technical means 3, which in this case include a reduction gear and a clutch. Finally, the holding connection to the watercraft wz is mounted on the housing 6. A part of the watertight housing 6 always projects beyond the water line WLh and has a bilge pump 12 at the lowest possible point in the housing 6, as has already been shown in FIG. 1. When such a pump is activated, automatically by detecting a certain amount of water at the bottom of the housing 6, the collected water is automatically pumped beyond the water line WLh by means of the bilge hose 12a, practically invisibly between the housing 6 and the stern Hx.

Fig. 9 shows a side view of a compact outboard 1 with a housing 6, in which act two horizontally installed internal combustion engines 2, which are coupled to each other on the bevel gear 61 and housing 6 and underwater part 8, the housing 6 lifting -and trimming mechanism carries, here in the form of the parallelogram 21, connected to the rear plate 22 and pro forma the lifting cylinder 27 and the trimming cylinder 26 shows, in the embodiment that the outboard 1 can make the height difference on the watercraft, which is equipped with wings 40 are, as shown in Fig. 4 and also the flexible tube 14, which carries and carries the electrical lines, data transmission, Bowden cables, possibly intake air, easily moves the stroke and on the bottom of the housing 6 there is a bilge pump 12 with the bilge hose 12a and the engine exhaust and cooling water are discharged through the propeller hub. This version is a special one, in particular for internal combustion engine 2, which express effort to turn the unit inexpensively by 90 ° and continue to ensure the oil supply to the machine. The advantage of this is that, depending on the driving conditions, two internal combustion engines 2 can run both machines or one, similar to a cylinder deactivation in certain driving situations and thus also saves fuel. Depending on the space available, the two internal combustion engines 2 can be placed one behind the other or next to one another, this depends only on the position of the underwater part. Instead of being permanently connected to the waterproof housing 6, this can also have a slewing ring 7 with a slewing ring drive 7a, as described in FIG. 1. Central here too, since the internal combustion engine 2 is below the water line WLh, that for safety reasons there is a bilge pump 12 with a bilge hose 12a which conveys the infiltrated water out via the water line WLh. The cover 15 can be a watertight cover, which lets in the air supply by means of a labyrinth system at the air intake opening 34 and the splash water is skimmed off at a corresponding point and is advantageously carried out again with the bilge pump 12. The engine damping and the further noise reduction measures as described in FIG. 1 and the following can of course also be used in this embodiment. Instead of two internal combustion engines 2, an internal combustion engine 2 and an electric motor 3c can be installed.

Further advantageous refinements of the invention result from the subclaims.

Claims (17)

1. Outboard engine (1) on a watercraft characterized in that the outboard engine (1) is connected to a raised internal combustion engine (2) by means of the technical means (3) with the underwater part (8) and the internal combustion engine (2) together with the technical means (3) in a watertight housing (6) is fixed in a vibration-damped manner, the housing (6) and thus also the internal combustion engine (2), is to a significant extent below the waterline (WLh), practically to the bottom of the fuselage (H ) and thus forms a low center of gravity, contains a bilge pump (12) with an outwardly extending bilge hose (12a), a part of the housing (6) protrudes above the water line (WLh), with a secured cover (15) and the housing (6) has a rotatably mounted connection to the watercraft (wz). 2. Outboard engine (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotatably mounted connection acts on the housing (6) mounted steering bracket (20) with a parallelogram (21), the housing (6) is fixed to the underwater part (8) or the housing (6) has a parallelogram (21) on each side and the underwater part (8) is connected to the housing (6) in a rotatably mounted manner and the outboard motor (1) can be steered by means of the rotating ring (7) and rotating ring drive (7a), the parallelograms (21) are used to raise and lower the outboard (1) and are advantageously part of the trim stroke (T) and fold-up stroke (TT) or the lifting and lowering by means of the rail (52) on the watercraft (watermark) and slide ( 53) on the housing (6) and a swivel bearing (58) acts on the slide (53). 3. Outboard engine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the technical means (3) represents one or all of the following means, which are a clutch (3a), a gear (3b) as a reduction gear or with a manual gearbox , an electric motor (3c). 4. Outboard engine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that there is a chassis (4) in the housing (6) or the chassis (4) is part of the housing (6) and the internal combustion engine (2) there by means of Motor damper (5) is attached and that the housing (6) by means of the damper (5a) on the watercraft (wz) is attached directly or indirectly to the rear panel (22) and that the damper (5; 5a) act passively or electrically actively controlled . 5. outboard (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing (6) has a sound insulation mat (16) or an active noise compensation (13). 6. Outboard engine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the waterproof cover (15) is equipped with air supply openings (34), the spray water is collected by a labyrinth system and is brought out of the housing (6) by means of the bilge pump (12) or has a connection by means of the flexible pipe (14) to the protected interior of a watercraft (wz) and is equipped with a sound insulation mat (16). 7. Outboard motor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outboard motor (1) can be tilted up by means of an electric or hydraulic lifting cylinder (27), thus adjusting the height in an arcuate or vertical manner and adjusting the height by means of a mechanical or pneumatic spring (28). or and by means of a lifting body (33) attached to the housing (6) brings about a lifting relief. 8. Outboard engine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the engine exhaust gases (F), cooling water (C), cooling air through the propeller hub (11a) and and cavitation plate (9) or through the wing arm (30) or buoyancy body (33 ) can be released and the buoyancy body (33) can at the same time have an appropriate exhaust gas cleaning system integrated. 9. Outboard engine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an outlet (38) with a valve (35) which can be activated by means of a smart controller (36) is located on the underwater part (8) for propeller ventilation. 10. Outboard motor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wing cylinder (31) is connected to the lifting cylinder (27) by means of the emergency line (32), an expansion vessel (46) acts at the end and the wing cylinder (31) is one Has piston (50) with an overload valve (48). 11. Outboard engine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wing arm (30) represents a parallelogram, connected to the wing cylinder (31), thus the wing (40) attached there remains in a constant position when lifting and lowering and a positively controlled connection by means of the telescopic cylinder (29) to one of the swivel arms (21a, 21b). 12. Outboard engine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in the event of a collision, the sensor (41) detects the rate of change of the angle adjustment of the wing arm (30) and, from a certain value, the controller issues the command to the wing cylinder (31) and Raise the lifting cylinder (27) while at the same time reducing the speed on the internal combustion engine (2). 13. Outboard (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the fuselage (H) an adjustable under load, horizontally acting hydrofoil means (55) with two rotatably supported spring supports (60) wings (56) are attached, which as semi serve foiling means. 14. Outboard engine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wing (40) between the stern (Hx) and outboard engine (1) is placed. 15. Outboard (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outboard (1) at the rear (Hx) of a watercraft (wat) is attached by means of lifting and folding means and above a foldable deck (D) and behind the stern (Hx), of the watercraft (wz), laterally attached lift hull extensions 57 or and a central lift hull extension 57a is attached. 16. Outboard engine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing (6) has two horizontally mounted internal combustion engines 2, connected by means of an angular gear (61) and these can run together or individually and have a bilge pump (12) and on Housing (6) part of the height adjustment (TT) and the trim (T) are attached. 17. Outboard engine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tandem propeller (11) can also be a single propeller and instead of a push propeller.