CH713121B1 - Wooden beams, as well as wooden beam association, wall element, ceiling element or roof element for a building, each with several such wooden beams. - Google Patents

Abstract

In the inventive wooden beam (1) with two opposite wide side surfaces (2, 4) and two opposite narrow side surfaces (3, 5), at least one longitudinal slot (10, 20) is provided on each of the wide side surfaces (2, 4). The sum of the slot depths (t10, t20) of two adjacent longitudinal slots (10, 20) is greater than the cross-sectional height (H) of the wooden beam. In addition, a longitudinal groove (6) for receiving a spring (30; 32) and / or a comb is provided on at least one of the narrow side surfaces (3, 5).

Description

Technical area

The invention relates to a wooden beam, a wooden beam association, a wall element, a ceiling element and a roof element for a building.

The wooden beam, hereinafter also referred to for short as a beam, is usually created by sawing a tree trunk in the longitudinal direction. The grain of the beam thus runs in the sawing direction. By more or less many longitudinal divisions of the tree trunk, a square or rectangular whole wood (one bar), half wood (two bars), cross wood (four bars) or a sixth wood (six bars) is created.

The bar is characterized by a ratio of width to height (cross-sectional height), which is between 1 and 3 as a rule. This means that the bar has a square or rectangular cross-section with a width that is generally not more than three times as large as the cross-section height. The beam is the strongest class of sawn timber.

Beams can be made of solid wood. If they are made from two flat-sided planks or squared timbers glued together parallel to the fibers, they are referred to as duo beams. If they are made of three flat-sided planks or squared timbers glued together parallel to the fibers, they are called trio beams. Both Duo and Triobalken (registered trademarks of the Studiengemeinschaft Holzleimbau e.V.) belong to the class of laminated beams.

In the product standard EN 14080: 2013, glued laminated timber and glued laminated timber are normatively regulated. With laminated timber, the thickness of the slats is between 40 mm and 85 mm, with glued laminated timber they are thinner than 40 mm. According to EN 14080: 2013, glued laminated timber can consist of up to five lamellas. The lamellas of the glued timber are sorted according to the squared timber criteria. The dimensions of the overall cross-section are limited to 280 x 280 mm.

Wood and in particular solid wood swells and shrinks depending on the moisture. The longitudinal shrinkage is low. In the direction of the wood beam (radial), however, it is 10 - 20 times stronger than in the longitudinal direction and in the direction of the annual ring (tangential) it is even 15 - 30 times stronger. Because of the different shrinkage in the direction of the wood beam and in the direction of the tree ring, the cross-section of the beam deforms when it shrinks and swells. The differential shrinkage indicates the percentage by which the wood or the beam shrinks in its main directions if the wood moisture changes by 1 percent. In spruce, the differential shrinkage is around 0.33% in the tangential direction, 0.16% in the radial direction and 0.01% in the longitudinal direction. In practice, a uniform specific shrinkage rate of 0.24% can be calculated as the mean value of tangential and radial shrinkage. If the wood moisture content of a solid spruce beam with a width of 20 cm increases by 10%, its width increases by around 5 mm. In the case of a 2 m wide ceiling or wall consisting of wooden beams arranged next to one another, their width increases by 5 cm. This can lead to problems in the design of buildings and make the construction of wall elements, ceiling elements and roof elements complex and expensive.

State of the art

From the prior art AT 505 268 A2 a wooden beam is known which is composed of four partial beams glued together. The four partial beams have an incision running in the longitudinal direction of the wooden beam on their adhesive surfaces. The depth of the cut is at most one third of the thickness of the partial beam. However, this does not improve the dimensional accuracy of the beam to the desired extent when the humidity changes. Apart from that, the adhesive layers in the beam form a vapor barrier. This has the disadvantage that a wall made up of such beams is not sufficiently breathable because the moisture diffusion through the wall is prevented or at least hindered by the vapor barrier.

Presentation of the invention

An object of the invention is to provide a wooden beam, a wooden beam association, a wall element, a ceiling element and a roof element in which the swelling and shrinking of the wood due to climatic changes have no effect on the cross section of the wooden beam, respectively on the Have finished dimensions of the wooden beam association, the wall element, the ceiling element and the roof element.

Advantageously, the heat insulation in the inventive wooden beam is higher than in a conventional wooden beam which has the same dimensions and the same type of wood as the inventive wooden beam.

Another advantage of the inventive wooden beam is that its weight is less than that of a conventional wooden beam which has the same dimensions and the same type of wood as the inventive wooden beam.

Another advantage of the wooden beam according to the invention is that the beam does not contain any glue joint and thus the natural breathability inherent in solid wood is retained.

The object is achieved by a wooden beam with the features specified in claim 1.

In the inventive wooden beam with two opposite wide side surfaces and two opposite narrow side surfaces, at least one longitudinal slot is provided on each of the wide side surfaces. The sum of the slot depths of two adjacent longitudinal slots is greater than the cross-sectional height of the wooden beam. In addition, a longitudinal groove for receiving a spring and / or a comb is provided on at least one of the narrow side surfaces.

The object is also achieved by a wooden beam association for a building with the features specified in claim 7.

In the inventive wooden beam association for a building several of the wooden beams described above are provided, the wooden beams are connected on their narrow side surfaces by means of their grooves and by means of springs. Alternatively, the wooden beams can also be connected by means of their grooves and ridges. Additionally or alternatively, the wooden beams can also be connected by means of corrugated nails. This structure is simple and inexpensive to implement.

The object is also achieved by a wall element for a building with the features specified in claim 8.

In the inventive wall element for a building several of the wooden beams described above and a belt are provided. The wooden beams are attached to the front of the belt.

The object is also achieved by a ceiling element for a building with the features specified in claim 10.

In the inventive ceiling element for a building, several of the wooden beams described above are provided. In addition, bearing bars are provided which are arranged between the wooden beams.

The object is also achieved by a ceiling element for a building with the features specified in claim 11.

In the inventive ceiling element for a building, several of the wooden beams described above are provided. In addition, bearing bars are provided which are arranged on the wide side surfaces of the wooden beams.

In addition, the object is achieved by a roof element for a building with the features specified in claim 13.

In the inventive roof element for a building, several of the wooden beams described above are provided. In addition, rafters are provided, which are arranged between the wooden beams.

In addition, the object is also achieved by a roof element for a building with the features specified in claim 14.

In the inventive roof element for a building, several of the wooden beams described above are provided. In addition, rafters are provided, which are arranged on the wide side surfaces of the wooden beams.

Advantageous developments of the invention result from the features specified in the dependent patent claims.

In one embodiment of the wooden beam according to the invention, the longitudinal slots are arranged so that the longitudinal slots are arranged in a rotationally symmetrical manner to the longitudinal axis of the wooden beam. This has the advantage that the wooden beam can be installed with both the front and the rear without the joint pattern changing. So you don't have to pay attention to the orientation of the wooden beams during assembly.

In another embodiment of the wooden beam according to the invention, an odd number of longitudinal slots is provided on one wide side surface. An even number of longitudinal slots is provided on the other broad side surface of the wooden beam. This has the advantage that the joint patterns are particularly even on both sides of the wooden beam. This means that on one side of the wooden beam, all the distances, that is to say both the distances between the longitudinal slots and the distances between the outer longitudinal slots and the beam edges, can be selected to be the same. The same applies analogously to the other side of the wooden beam.

In a further embodiment of the wooden beam according to the invention, the number of longitudinal slots on the one wide side surface is at least two. In addition, the distances between the longitudinal slots and the edges of the wooden beam are the same. A uniform joint pattern can also be generated with this embodiment.

In addition, it is advantageous if, in the wooden beam according to the invention, the number of longitudinal slots is at least three on one of the wide side surfaces and the longitudinal slots are each the same distance from one another.

It can furthermore be provided that the wooden beam according to the invention is made from solid wood or from laminated timber.

In addition, it is advantageous if, in the wooden beam according to the invention, the sum of the slot widths is greater than or equal to the swelling of the wooden beam. This ensures that the bar does not exceed its finished size even when it is swollen.

In a further development of the wall element according to the invention, a further belt is provided to which the wooden beams are attached at the end.

In a further development of the ceiling element according to the invention, a cover layer is arranged on the bearing beam.

Brief description of the drawings

In the following, the invention is explained further with several exemplary embodiments using ten figures. Figure 1 shows a first possible embodiment of the inventive wooden beam in cross section. Figure 2 shows a second possible embodiment of the inventive wooden beam in cross section. Figure 3 shows a third possible embodiment of the inventive wooden beam in cross section. Figure 4 shows a fourth possible embodiment of the inventive wooden beam in cross section. Figure 5 shows a fifth possible embodiment of the inventive wooden beam in cross section. Figure 6 shows a possible embodiment of the inventive wooden beam association in cross section. FIG. 7 shows the second embodiment of the wooden beam according to the invention in a three-dimensional view. Figure 8 shows a further possible embodiment of the inventive wooden beam association in cross section. Figure 9 shows an additional possible embodiment of the inventive wooden beam association in cross section. FIG. 10 shows a possible embodiment of the wall element according to the invention in a side view.

Ways of Carrying Out the Invention

In Figure 1, a first possible embodiment of the inventive wooden beam 1 is shown in cross section. The wooden beam 1 has a first wide side surface 2 and a second wide side surface 4 opposite the first side surface 1. As a rule, these two side surfaces 2 and 4 run parallel to one another. But this is not mandatory. The wooden beam 1 also has two opposite, narrow side surfaces 3 and 5. These, as a rule, also run parallel to one another, but this is also not mandatory. The beam 1 can have a square or, as shown in FIG. 1, a rectangular cross-section with a width B and a cross-sectional height H. For better orientation, a Cartesian coordinate system is shown in the figure, with the y-axis protruding into the plane of the sheet. The orientation of the coordinate system is retained in all figures. One end face 9 of the beam 1 lies in the plane of the sheet. The longitudinal axis LA and the grain direction of the beam 1 run parallel to the z-axis.

Four longitudinal slots 10-13 are provided on the side surface 2. The longitudinal slots 10-13 preferably run parallel to the grain of the wood. On the other wide side face 4, four longitudinal slots 20-23 are also provided. These also preferably run parallel to the grain of the wood. In this embodiment, the longitudinal slots 10-13 and 20-23 are arranged in such a way that an arrangement that is rotationally symmetrical to the longitudinal axis LA of the bar 1 results.

Four longitudinal slots 10-13 on the first wide side surface 2 have proven to be sufficient for a beam with a cross section of 10 × 23 cm. The number of longitudinal slots 10-13 on the first wide side surface 2 is not, however, set to four.

The same applies mutatis mutandis to the number of longitudinal slots 20 - 23 on the second wide side face 4.

The longitudinal slots have a slot width s of, for example, 3.2 mm, which corresponds to a saw blade width that is frequently used. The slot width s is preferably in the range from 2 to 6 mm. The sum of the slot widths s is preferably greater than or equal to the maximum expected swelling of the wooden beam 1. If one assumes, for example, a spruce beam with a width B = 23 cm, a specific differential shrinkage of 0.24% and a maximum change in humidity of 10%, this results in a maximum swelling of the wood of around 5.5 mm. It is therefore advantageous if so many longitudinal slots 10, 11, ..., 20, 21, ... are provided that the sum of all slot widths s is greater than or equal to 5.5 mm. This is to ensure that sufficient space is made available through the longitudinal slots that the wood can fill when it swells. The finished dimension (width B) of the beam 1 thus remains essentially constant both in the dry and in the wet state.

In general, a longitudinal slot has a slot depth t. The longitudinal slot 10, for example, has a slot depth t10 and the longitudinal slot 20 has a slot depth t20. In the embodiment according to FIG. 1, the longitudinal slots 10-13 and 20-23 all have the same slot depths t. But this is not absolutely necessary.

The slot depths t are advantageously selected such that the sum of the slot depths t10, t20 of two adjacent longitudinal slots 10, 20 is greater than the cross-sectional height H of the wooden beam 1. This results in a certain overlap L of the longitudinal slots. As a result, the wood forms a tongue between two adjacent longitudinal slots, for example between the longitudinal slots 10 and 20 or between the longitudinal slots 20 and 11. This resilient property causes the wood fibers to return to their original position when they shrink after swelling.

The number and spatial arrangement of the longitudinal slots 10, ..., 20, ..., on the side surfaces 2 and 4, the slot widths s, the slot depths t and their overlap L can influence the spring action. In addition, the behavior of the bar 1 when swelling and shrinking can be adjusted.

On the two narrow side surfaces 3 and 5, a longitudinal groove 6 and 7 is provided, which can serve to receive a spring 30 and a spring 32, respectively. In Figure 2, two different springs 30 and 32 are shown. The tongue 30 has a chamfer 31 on each of the four longitudinal edges. The tongue 3 also has a chamfer 33 on each of the four longitudinal edges, but this is more pronounced than the chamfer 31 of the tongue 30. This allows the tongue 32 to be more easily inserted into the groove 6, respectively be inserted into the groove 7. If the tongue 32 is used in the grooves 6 and 7, the chamfers 18 may be dispensed with.

The tongue 30 or 32 can be so wide that a joint is created between two adjacent wooden beams 1 in the assembled state. In this case, the tongue 30/32 is slightly wider than two adjacent grooves 6 and 7 are overall deep. The joint 80 (see FIG. 6) between two adjacent wooden beams 1 can thus also be used to compensate for the swelling and shrinking of the wood and to make the joint pattern even more uniform.

Figure 2 shows a second possible embodiment of the inventive wooden beam 1 in cross section. Figure 7 shows the second embodiment of the wooden beam 1 in a three-dimensional view. This differs from the first embodiment of the wooden beam 1 (Figure 1) by chamfers 8 on the longitudinal edges and by the already mentioned chamfers 18 in the grooves 6 and 7 and in the longitudinal slots 10-13 and 20-23. Especially when the wide side surfaces 2 and 4 of the wooden beam 1 are to remain visible, it is advantageous to provide bevels 18 in the longitudinal slots 10-13 and 20-23. This improves the visual appearance and reduces the risk of wood fibers sticking out at the slot edges.

In Figure 3, a third possible embodiment of the inventive wooden beam 1 is shown in cross section. In this embodiment of the wooden beam 1, only three longitudinal slots 10, 11, 12 and 20, 21, 22 are provided on the wide side surfaces 2 and 4 of the wooden beam 1. In this embodiment too, the longitudinal slots are arranged in such a way that an arrangement that is rotationally symmetrical to the longitudinal axis LA of the bar 1 results.

The embodiment according to Figure 3 can also differ from the previous embodiments in that the groove 6 on the narrow side surface 5 relative to the center line of the beam 1 downwards and the groove 7 on the narrow side surface 3 is shifted upwards relative to the center line is. In addition, the bar 1 has a comb 35 on each of the two narrow side surfaces 3 and 5. One comb 35 is offset downward on the narrow side surface 3 with respect to the center line of the beam 1, whereas the other comb 35 on the narrow side surface 5 is offset upwards with respect to the center line of the beam 1. The comb 35 and the groove 6 on the side surface 5 are designed so that they can create two groove-comb connections with the groove and the comb of another structurally identical beam. The same applies mutatis mutandis to the groove 7 and the ridge 35 on the side surface 3. The grooves 6 and 7 and the ridges 35 are preferably arranged so that a structure that is rotationally symmetrical to the longitudinal axis LA of the beam results.

FIG. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of the wooden beam 1 according to the invention in cross section. This embodiment of the beam 1 is also rotationally symmetrical to the longitudinal axis LA. The longitudinal slots 10-12 and 20-22 are arranged differently from the third embodiment (FIG. 3). Thus, a longitudinal slot in one wide side face 2 and a longitudinal slot in the other wide side face 4 are closer to one another. In this way, there is a smaller distance between the two longitudinal slots 10 and 20 as well as between the longitudinal slots 11 and 21 and between the longitudinal slots 12 and 22 than, for example, between the longitudinal slots 10 and 11. The longitudinal slots 10 to 12 have on the side surface 2 thus the same distance from one another. In addition, the longitudinal slots 10 and 12 are almost the same distance from the outer edges of the beam 1. The same applies mutatis mutandis to the side surface 4. With this arrangement of the longitudinal slots, an even more uniform joint pattern can be created than in the first to third embodiment.

It can also be provided that the bar 1 has a groove for receiving the tongue 30 only on one of the narrow side surfaces 3 or 5. This is advantageous, for example, if one of the narrow side surfaces 3 or 5 of the bar 1 is to be visible and the groove there would interfere with the appearance.

In Figure 5, a fifth possible embodiment of the inventive wooden beam 1 is shown in cross section. The fifth embodiment differs from the other embodiments in that three longitudinal slots 10-12 are arranged on one side surface 2 and four longitudinal slots 20-23 are arranged on the other side surface 4. With this arrangement of the longitudinal slots, a joint pattern can be generated which is even more regular than the joint pattern of the embodiments described above. In the fifth embodiment, the distances x1 between the longitudinal slots 10 to 12 are just as large as the distances x1 between the outer longitudinal slots 10 and 12 and the outer edges of the beam 1.

Figure 6 shows a possible embodiment of the inventive wooden beam association in cross section. The wooden beam association shown is obtained when several of the wooden beams 1 described above are arranged with their narrow side surfaces 3 and 5 next to one another and connected to one another.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the wooden beams 1 are positively connected to one another via the springs 30 and 32, respectively.

If necessary, the bars 1 can alternatively or additionally also be glued to one another at these points. Such a glue joint does not significantly affect the breathability of the wood because it does not form a closed blocking area. The moisture can diffuse through the joist parallel to the glue joint.

As an alternative or in addition to this, the beams 1 can also be connected to one another by means of corrugated nails.

FIG. 8 shows a further possible embodiment of the wooden beam assembly according to the invention in cross section. Here, 1 bearing bars or posts 40 are arranged between the wooden beams. These can be positively connected to the wooden beams 1 via the springs 30 and 32, respectively. As an alternative or in addition to this, the bars 1 can also be connected to the bearing bars or posts 40 by means of corrugated nails. The bearing beam or post 40 can have slots 44 on its narrow side surface. The slots 44 can contribute to the creation of an even more uniform joint pattern. In addition, the bearing beam or post 40 can have grooves 42 on one or both of the wide side surfaces. The grooves 42 can serve to accommodate the springs 30/32.

A cover layer 70 can be arranged on the narrow side surface of the bearing bars or posts 40. The cover layer 70 can be formed from panels or planks, for example, but it can also be the finished floor. It can be attached to the bearing beam or post 40 by means of nails or screws.

The wooden beam association shown in Figure 8 can be used as a ceiling element or floor element for a building. But it is also possible to use such a wooden beam association as a roof element for a building. Depending on the application, the bearing bars or posts 40 form either posts or rafters.

If necessary, the bars 1 can also be glued to the bearing bars or posts 40. Such a glue joint does not significantly affect the breathability of the wood because it does not form a closed blocking area. The moisture can diffuse through the joist parallel to the glue joint.

The embodiment of the inventive wooden beam assembly shown in FIG. 9 can also be used for the above-mentioned elements. In this embodiment, the wooden beam structure according to Figure 6 forms the basis. A plurality of bearing bars or posts 45 are arranged above it. If necessary, the bearing bars or posts 40 can be connected to the bars 1 by means of nails or screws. If necessary, the bars 1 can be connected to one another, for example by means of corrugated nails.

FIG. 10 shows a possible embodiment of the wall element according to the invention in a side view. The wall element comprises a beam assembly which can be constructed as shown in FIG. At the lower end faces or at the lower beam heads, the wooden beams 1 are connected to a lower flange 50 or, in short, a flange. For this purpose, the belt 50 can be nailed, screwed or glued to the beam heads, for example. At the upper end faces or at the upper beam heads, the wooden beams 1 are connected with a belt or top belt 60. For this purpose, the upper chord 60 can be nailed, screwed or glued to the beam heads, for example. Here, too, the bars 1 can be connected to one another, for example by means of corrugated nails, if required.

The preceding description of the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention serves only for illustrative purposes and not for the purpose of restricting the invention. Various changes and modifications are possible within the scope of the invention. For example, the various features of the wooden beam 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 can also be combined with one another in a manner other than that shown in the figures.

In Figures 1 to 9, the longitudinal slots 10, 11, ... and 20, 21, ... run perpendicular to the wide side surfaces 2 and 4 of the beam 1. This is not absolutely necessary. In principle, the longitudinal slots 10, 11, ... and 20, 21, ... can also run obliquely with respect to the wide side surfaces 2 and 4 of the beam 1. The angle that the longitudinal slots 10, 11, ... enclose with the side surface 2 can be in the range from 60 ° to 90 °, for example. The same applies mutatis mutandis to the longitudinal slots 20, 21, ... on the wide side surface 4 of the beam 1.

List of reference symbols

1 wooden beam 2 wide side surface 3 narrow side surface 4 wide side surface 5 narrow side surface 6 groove 7 groove 8 bevel 9 end face 10 longitudinal slot 11 longitudinal slot 12 longitudinal slot 13 longitudinal slot 18 bevel 20 longitudinal slot 21 longitudinal slot 22 longitudinal slot 23 longitudinal slot 30 tongue 31 bevel 32 tongue 33 Chamfer 35 Comb 40 Bearing beam or post 45 Bearing beam or post 50 Bottom flange 60 Top flange 70 Plate, top layer or finished floor B Width of beam H Cross-section height FM Finished dimension L Overlap LA Longitudinal axis s Slot width t Slot depth t10 Depth of slot 10 t20 Depth of slot 20 x1 Distance x2 Distance x x-axis y y-axis z z-axis

Claims (14)

1. wooden beams, - with two opposite wide side surfaces (2, 4) and two opposite narrow side surfaces (3, 5), - in which at least one longitudinal slot (10, 20) is provided on each of the wide side surfaces (2, 4), - in which the sum of the slot depths (t10, t20) of two adjacent longitudinal slots (10, 20) is greater than the cross-sectional height (H) of the wooden beam (1), and - In which a longitudinal groove (6) for receiving a spring (30; 32) and / or a comb (35) is provided on at least one of the narrow side surfaces (3, 5). 2. Wooden beam according to claim 1, in which the longitudinal slots (10, 20) are arranged in such a way that the longitudinal slots (10, 20) are arranged rotationally symmetrical to the longitudinal axis (LA) of the wooden beam. 3. Wooden beam according to claim 1, - In which an odd number of longitudinal slots (10-12) is provided on one wide side surface (2), and - In which an even number of longitudinal slots (20-23) is provided on the other wide side surface (4). 4. Wooden beam according to claim 1 or 3, - In which on the one wide side surface (2) the number of longitudinal slots (10, 11) is at least two, and - in which the distances (x1) of the longitudinal slots (10, 11) to each other and to the edges of the wooden beam are the same. 5. Wooden beam according to one of the claims 1 to 3, - In which on one of the wide side surfaces (4) the number of longitudinal slots (10-12) is at least three, and - in which the longitudinal slots (10-12) each have the same distance (x1) from one another. 6. Wooden beam according to one of claims 1 to 5, which is made of solid wood or laminated timber. 7. wooden beam bandage for a building, - In which several wooden beams (1) are provided according to one of claims 1 to 6, and - In which the wooden beams (1) are connected on their narrow side surfaces (3, 5) by means of their grooves (6, 7) and by means of tongues (30; 32). 8. wall element for a building, - in which several wooden beams (1) are provided according to one of claims 1 to 6, - In which a belt (50; 60) is provided on which the wooden beams (1) are attached at the end. 9. Wall element according to claim 8, in which a further belt (60; 50) is provided, to which the wooden beams (1) are attached at the end. 10. ceiling element for a building, - in which several wooden beams (1) are provided according to one of claims 1 to 6, - Are provided with the bearing beam (40), which are arranged between the wooden beams (1). 11. ceiling element for a building, - in which several wooden beams (1) are provided according to one of claims 1 to 6, - Are provided in the bearing beam (45), which are arranged on the wide side surfaces (2) of the wooden beams (1). 12. Ceiling element according to claim 10 or 11, in which on the bearing bars (40; 45) a cover layer (70) that extends over the bearing bars (40; 45) is arranged. 13. Roof element for a building, - in which several wooden beams (1) are provided according to one of claims 1 to 6, - Are provided in the rafters (40), which are arranged between the wooden beams (1). 14. Roof element for a building, - in which several wooden beams (1) are provided according to one of claims 1 to 6, - Are provided in the rafters (45), which are arranged on the wide side surfaces (2) of the wooden beams (1).