CH711030A2 - Receiver for collecting concentrated radiation. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a receiver (1) for collecting concentrated (solar) radiation from a surrounding mirror field. The receiver (1) has a container (20) with at least one light inlet opening (16), and an inlet and an outlet for a cooling medium, preferably evaporating metal. In the container (20) at least one absorber body (15) is provided, which is at least partially formed as a black body and behind the radiation inlet opening (16) is arranged to capture the radiation energy and conversion of the same into thermal energy. In addition, in the container (20) heat storage elements (9, 10, 22) as a high-temperature storage (3) are provided, which are heated by condensation, to generate energy in the evening without sunlight.

Description

Field of the invention

The invention relates to a receiver high-temperature receiver for concentrated radiation, preferably solar radiation from a mirror array, according to the preamble of claim 1.

State of the art

Early on attempts were made to concentrate sunlight with mirrors or burning glasses to high temperatures. The oldest known example comes from Archimedes about 221 B.C., but also in 1906 were already reached 3000 ° C. The technical challenge is to deal reliably with this heat generated from concentrated radiation in a black receiver via a permanent transformation into other, in particular transportable forms of energy. It is interesting to convert the heat generated into electrical energy, but also use as process heat and thus possibly also synthesis gas or liquid fuel production is conceivable.

The key component of such a Haussierenden solar energy plant, today commonly referred to as "CSP" (Concentrated Solar Power), is the "receiver", because there must be broken new technical ground, in principle, a "hot gas engine", the basically not very different from a rocket engine, which must also "process" extremely hot compressed gases when working with gas cooling.

In terms of efficiency, most sophisticated concept integrated - as in conventional power plant construction - the energy flow through a gas turbine stage, proposed for the DLR prototype Jülich plant, whose hot exhaust gas operates the steam generator of the downstream steam turbine.

The problem of gas turbine use with inlet temperatures of about 1050 ° C is not only technical but also economic: Unfortunately, with available receivers, the optimal efficiencies of the thermal process only for a few hours a day and in ideal weather conditions. Therefore, the designers of the relatively cheap parabolic mirrors for 400 ° C steam systems with storage are rightly claiming to promote the optimization of their components.

In a traditional solar heating system for power generation heat energy is gained in longitudinal tubes by large-scale collection of solar energy in linear mirror fields, which work on a memory or directly to a steam generator. The temperatures achieved are for material and cost reasons in the range between 400 and 500 ° C, resulting in sub-optimal steam parameters of 350-400 ° C in the steam generator.

The cooling with molten salts has the advantage that they are unstable only at about 600 ° C, so that up to max. 570 ° C can also be a use as a storage medium can be scheduled. Test plants with heated molten salts are designed for temperatures up to 520 ° C, planned up to 570 ° C. The required salt mixtures, however, have solidification points> 220 ° C, which makes the required equipment for storage very expensive.

US Patent Application No. 2006/0174 866 describes a high-temperature volumetric solar receiver having a cavity for absorbing heat, a two-ply window, and an inlet and an outlet communicating with the cavity. Between the window layers, a cavity is provided which has an outlet to the heat-absorbing cavity. Through an inlet, a fluid can be introduced into the cavity between the window layers, which passes into the cavity via the outlet. In this way, the temperature at the window can be kept low and overheating can be avoided. Through a plurality of small fluid inlets, the heat-absorbing cavity communicates with a further cavity arranged behind it, in which a material of high storage capacity is stored. As a result, energy can be produced even if the sunlight is not available for a short time. The heat flow between the two cavities is unclear.

The aim of US Pat. No. 3,981,151 is to increase the yield of agricultural crops by applying light to them at night. An energy conversion system is proposed in which solar energy is focused on a latticework of refractory bricks, which then heat a stream of air drawn through the latticework. The hot air stream is then passed through a pile of pebbles, which stores the heat. When energy is needed at times when the sun is not shining, air is drawn through the pebbles and sent to a power conversion system, e.g. a steam or gas turbine, fed, and then converted into electrical energy in one. This allows plants to be irradiated with artificial light during the night.

US 4,312,324 relates to an open solar receiver which is protected from wind. The solar receiver consists of a cavity, an inlet, a heat exchanger arranged in the cavity in the form of a ceramic honeycomb structure and a frusto-conical concentrator. Sunlight reflected by a mirror field is focused on the heat exchanger, which is thereby warmed up. Air, which is drawn in the circuit through the heat exchanger and a heat storage, heats the heat storage to about 1100 ° C. The latter can then be decoupled and connected to a gas turbine to recover electrical energy. This solar receiver operates open, i. At atmospheric pressure, the energy transfer to the memory can therefore be slow.

US 4 401 103 describes a system consisting of an array of collectors that can follow the sun gear, focus the received sunlight, and then aim at a target. The system further includes a storage chamber and means for circulating fluid between the target and the storage chamber. This is liquid-cooling ("fluid") - how this works in the receiver remains unclear.

WO 2014/037 582 discloses a receiver for collecting concentrated solar radiation from a surrounding mirror field. The receiver has a container with at least one light inlet opening, as well as an inlet and an outlet for a cooling medium. In the container, an absorber body is provided, which is at least partially formed as a black body and consists of a plurality of stacked storage elements. The absorber body for collecting the radiation energy and converting it into thermal energy is arranged behind the light entry opening. In addition, heat storage elements are provided as a high-temperature storage in the coupled container, which serve the power generation in the evening, when the sun is no longer shining. The receiver described has the advantage that it can absorb highly concentrated solar radiation and dissipate the heat by means of gas flow through the existing channels and so can heat directly adjacent thermal storage elements. The heat energy stored in the memory elements can then be used to operate, for example, a gas turbine when the sun is no longer shining.

Object of the invention

It is an object of the present invention to further develop the known state of the art, that the heat energy generated in the receiver can be dissipated much more concentrated, which allows a larger number of mirrors with correspondingly more concentrated radiation to convert to a receiver. This allows much more powerful, compact systems.

description

According to the invention, the object is realized by a receiver for collecting radiation from a surrounding mirror field comprising a container with at least one radiation inlet opening, Absorber bodies provided in the container, which are at least partially formed as black bodies and arranged behind the radiation inlet opening, for capturing the radiant energy and converting it into thermal energy, in the absorber bodies existing channels for the passage of a heat transfer medium, a high-temperature storage heat storage element receiving space defining a storage zone, and in the receiving space existing heat storage elements, for later use of the stored thermal energy that can be removed by heat exchangers / condensers at high temperature.

According to the invention, a cooling circuit forming pressure tubes are present in the channels, extending from the absorber bodies in the receiving space and in which vaporized in order to dissipate the heat absorbed in the hot absorber bodies heat liquid metal and is condensed in the high-temperature storage or other consumers.

The absorbed heat is expediently removed uniformly and concentrated, by means of high temperature resistant jacketed pressure pipes in which metal evaporates Connecting pipes of a similar type, armored at least in narrow bows with flexible rings, Pipe joints, which may also be armored - after assembly - in coupled storage, for heat dissipation by conduction or condensation of metal vapor, depending on the temperature and pressure control.

For the purpose of dissipating the heat from the receiver surface into the cooling channels, the absorber bodies have an expedient geometry in which the receiver components (preferably carbidic composites) that are very hot due to the heat are distributed annularly around the cooling tubes, so that uniformly intense high-temperature radiation acting on the armored pressure pipes. This has the great advantage that the heat can be transported away from the absorber bodies much more quickly than with gas cooling, so that there is less danger of the absorber bodies overheating locally. In addition, the metal evaporation principle allows operation at low pressure, since the energy transfer takes place by the absorption of evaporation energy and accordingly - at almost the same temperature - release of condensation energy.

In one embodiment of the invention, the pressure tubes are stabilized with high temperature resistant fiber bundles. As a result, the pressure tubes have the advantages of a composite material in which different materials with specific material properties are combined to form a material which has all the advantages of the combined materials. The fiber bundles cause the pressure tubes to withstand very high pressures and temperatures.

Advantageously, the pressure pipes made of a carbon fiber reinforced composite material (= CFC: carbon over carbon composite) produced. Carbon fiber reinforced composites are particularly well suited because they can withstand very high temperatures unless they are crimped with resins, as with conventional CFC components, but are sintered or fused with Si / SiC.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the pressure tubes comprise a liner within the stabilizing fiber bundles. This has the advantage that the pressure tubes have inside a metallic coating, namely the liner, represented by a thin-walled tube metallurgically can withstand the inside evaporating (light) metal, but no tension has to endure, since such a liner fully through the surrounding composite pipe is supported. If the fiber bundles have a leak, then the liner represents a further seal against the evaporating light metal, which is guided in the pressure tubes. The metal evaporation taking place in the absorber area is used for condensation in zones with the heat storage elements of the coupled storage and possibly connected heat exchangers.

Advantageously, the pressure tubes comprise a flexible braid or tissue. The braid is preferably made of CFC and can be wrapped around the liner. The winding can be done quickly and causes by the overlapping of the braid as a bandage improved stability after sintering.

It proves to be advantageous if the receiving space and the container are separate components, wherein the pressure tubes are connected at the junction of the container and the receiving space connectable, whereby first and second pressure tubes are formed. The container can be removed from the receiving space, whereby a quick access to the receiving space, for example, for maintenance purposes, is possible. The receiving space and the container (storage) are preferably connectable by a flange connection.

It also proves to be advantageous if the ends of the first pressure tubes are arranged at the bottom of the container and are preferably welded into the ground. The bottom of the container therefore holds the ends of the first pressure tubes as tubesheet, similar to a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. This gives the first pressure tubes additional stability and the container can be rapidly removed together with the first pressure tubes.

Conveniently, the ends of the second pressure tubes are arranged on the container facing the end face of the receiving space and connectable to the ends of the first pressure tubes. The ends of the first and second pressure tubes coincide and can be plugged together, for example. As a result, the tube ends can be automatically connected to each other when the container is placed on the receiving space. It is also conceivable that the ends of the second pressure tubes are welded into the cover plate of the capacitor in such a way that the ends of the first and second pressure tubes are aligned in the assembled state.

Conveniently, the memory elements are spherical. This has the advantage that in the inevitable temperature fluctuations during operation (with changing solar radiation) mobility of the storage elements is maintained, even during construction (filling) of the storage elements and in the disposal of damaged elements is the ball pile design very beneficial. Because disassembly of the entire memory receiver system would otherwise be like a demolition.

In order to absorb as much of the incident radiation, the absorber body preferably has the shape of a funnel or a V-shaped body. In this case, the funnel or the V-shaped body may preferably be constructed from a plurality of discs or segments. This construction has the advantage that the pressure tube heat conductors can be attached to the individual panes. Conveniently, the disks or segments are connected to the pressure tube heat conductors so that they are enclosed with spacers, so that the energy can be transmitted more uniformly by high-temperature heat radiation. The pressure tubes are therefore preferably only in places or at points on the inner walls of the channels. The spacers can be designed as a ring segment, which are pushed over the liner or over the wrapped liner. The ring segments, which form the outer walls of the pressure tubes, may have elevations, whereby the ring segments come into contact only pointwise with the surrounding receiver channels or the memory elements. It is also conceivable that the inner walls of the channels have elevations instead of the ring segments.

Preferably, the pressure tube heat conductors, at least in the connection region with the absorber bodies, a composite, preferably of carbon fibers with Si / SiC infiltrated. Moreover, the composite in the matrix of the braid or fabric may also contain other than carbon fibers, e.g. SiC fibers.

Advantageously, the discs or segments openings. When stacked, the openings form the channels of the absorber body.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the cooling circuit of the receiver in the high temperature range can be performed by a plurality of parallel pressure pipes, which open outside the high-temperature storage zone in a heat exchanger / condenser, which serves as a second heating circuit cooling circuit. The thermal energy absorbed by the cooling circuit is thereby used in an optimized way, either by being stored or immediately being delivered to a second cooling circuit.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the cooling circuit of the receiver is realized in that the vaporous liquid metal is condensable directly to the storage media. The liquid metal therefore does not have to be completely guided in a closed circuit of pressure tubes, but can also be brought directly to the storage media in the storage areas and thereby condense.

Preferably run in the second cooling circuit endothermic chemical reactions can proceed. This can be, for example, a carbothermic zinc oxide reduction. The harvested heat is thus usable, for example, to produce pure zinc, which in turn can be used in the production of hydrogen.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the absorber body has a Lichtfanggeometrie which is suitable to capture incident light by multiple reflection on black surfaces and convert it into heat. As a result, the heat energy is almost completely absorbed by the black walls of the absorber body.

As already described above, it is preferable if the receiver can have a high temperature memory and a lower temperature memory adjacent to the high temperature memory, and the high temperature memory is preferably separated from the lower temperature memory by a heat insulated wall. The harvested heat energy can be maximally utilized by this arrangement. As a result, the heat stored in the storage elements of the high-temperature storage for the subsequent removal, for example, when the sun is not shining or at night, well insulated.

Preferably, the second cooling circuit for steam generation and gas-chemical reactions can be used. The second cooling circuit can be heated by the low-temperature storage. The generated steam can be used for the operation of a gas turbine or for the end of endothermic reactions. If there is no sunlight for heating the low-temperature storage, the heat energy can be removed from the high-temperature storage.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the receiver can be used in ring form for concentrated, vertical solar radiation by a mirror device directs the solar radiation perpendicular to the center of the receiver. In this annular arrangement of the absorber stack, the V-shaped absorber stack are open to the center of the receiver to absorb as much sunlight as possible. The annular absorber arrangement also makes it possible for nuclear fuel elements or nuclear radiation bodies to be able to be introduced into the ring.

It proves to be advantageous if the second cooling circuit can be filled by means of a plunger pump with solid pellets which melt at a higher temperature or decompose gaseous / vaporous. As a result, the inventive receiver is suitable to implement endothermic chemical reactions or to melt metals.

Conveniently, the second cooling circuit in the upper region of the low-temperature storage at least one outlet, which leads to a cooling / condensation section, which has a separation device for gas-liquid separation and a subsequent Abgiesseinrichtung for recovering the metal produced. As a result, gases and molten metal resulting from chemical reactions can be separated easily and used separately.

It proves to be advantageous if the second cooling circuit is equipped in the hot reaction zone with catalysts that require hot gas synthesis in other heat exchangers. The catalysts can be used for the preparation of various hydrocarbons or the e.g. lower the reaction temperature for carbothermic processes, e.g. Metal carbonyl or Ce / Fe oxide or nickel oxide interactions.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the pressure tubes overflow during daytime thermal energy in the high-temperature storage. As a result, the heat energy stored in the high-temperature storage after the end of solar radiation for direct operation of a gas turbine in peak load times on call serve by the first receiver loop is continued and then leads in the high-temperature storage to evaporation. Likewise, an endothermic chemical reaction can be extended into the evening.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the pressure tubes on fiber bundles of sliver, which is coated with a binder and is rolled around the pressure tubes. The sliver is preimpregnated with the binder. Once wrapped around the liner, the sliver can be cured, for example, by being sintered with an electric induction heater. As a result, a rapidly producible, stable and temperature-resistant casing for the pressure tubes can be produced. Conveniently, the pressure tubes with the binder, preferably silicon carbide, liquid phase sintered to produce as homogeneous as possible.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the pressure tubes with carbon fiber reinforced composite material (CFC) rings are surrounded, in particular at welded connection zones. This creates a stable and quickly produced connection at the transition of two pressure tubes. The stability can be increased by reinforcing the connection zones with the sliver and a CFC ring arranged above it.

Preferably, in the absorber bodies substantially vertical channels for the passage of a cooling medium or the inclusion of the pressure tube heat conductors are present. The pressure tube heat conductors allow the rapid dissipation of heat absorbed by the absorber body by means of metal evaporation. The receiver according to the invention has the great advantage that it absorbs highly concentrated radiation and can thus dissipate the heat through the existing channels in the absorber bodies and, for example, can heat up directly adjacent thermal storage elements. The storage elements may be present in the same or an adjacent container. The stored thermal energy can be used when the sun is no longer shining to operate, for example, a gas turbine or to implement an endothermic chemical reaction.

These and other features of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention, given non-limiting examples, which refer to the drawings, which are not to scale to the following drawings: <Tb> FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a first exemplary embodiment of a receiver according to the invention with a ring-shaped absorber stack which, in order to dissipate the heat energy, is connected to a plurality of pressure tube heat conductors which extend into the high-temperature memory of the receiver. The ring is to be carried out as far as the radiation from a laterally mounted mirror field requires it. In the case of a central radiation source (for example by means of a so-called "beam-down" mirror device), the absorber stacks can also be arranged in an annular manner with an opening inwards. The pressure tube heat conductors are then led away to the outside, to the respective users of the energy source. <Tb> FIG. 2 <SEP> schematically shows a second embodiment of a receiver in which V-shaped vertically stacked absorber bodies receive the radiation and allow the metal evaporation taking place in the cooling channels, the pressure tube heat conductors are then connected to a high-temperature storage tank (or more according to the needs of «consumers»: «I» + «III»). <Tb> FIG. 3 <SEP> Schematically shows a third embodiment of a compact receiver in which a high-temperature storage tank is connected via a heat exchanger to an area for various applications ("I-II-III-IV"). There, heat exchangers / condensers can be installed in different temperature zones that optimally exploit the thermodynamic gradient. <Tb> FIG. 4 <SEP> For further explanation symbolically shows a receiver in side view with a radiation source inside. <Tb> FIG. 5 <SEP> Shows a side section through a pressure tube heat conductor with an internal liner and CFC composite around a tube plate. The composite can be made by wrapping or prefabricated ring segments that prevent creeping of the thin-walled inner liner at temperatures in excess of 1000 ° C. Particularly in the area of connections of such tubes, both versions can be used one above the other ("wrap" plus rings). <Tb> FIG. 6 <SEP> Shows a section at location VI-VI of the pressure tube heat conductor of FIG. 5.

Description of the figures in detail with reference to the legend

In Fig. 1, a receiver 1 is shown, the essential components of pressure tube heat conductors as metal boiling channels 2, which lead by means of curved connection pressure pipes 21 in a similar design in a high-temperature storage 3. A V-shaped black absorber body stack 15 lies behind a cylindrically curved window 16. The high-temperature reservoir 3 is accommodated in a cylindrical container 20, at the upper end side of which the receiver 1 is arranged with connecting pressure pipes 21 welded into the bottom of the receiver dome 27 is. The incident radiation 6 is first further compressed by preconcentrators 7 so that a complete absorption field for the radiation is formed to the outside. This is then reflected several times inside the oblique walls of the V-shaped absorber body 15, and the heat energy is absorbed almost completely by the black walls of the absorber body. In order to remove the heat energy as quickly and efficiently in the high-temperature storage, are in the absorber bodies 15 according to the invention a plurality of pressure tube heat conductors installed in the positions 2, in which liquid boiling at a suitable pressure liquid metal, preferably light metal mixtures above 900 ° C at low pressure boil. It is also possible to accommodate narrow preheating channels 14 in the absorber body, which allows pipe feeds exclusively from above.

2, the receiver 1 is shown in side view. The bottom side of the receiver dome 27 takes the pressure tube heat conductors 21 as a tube bottom, the upper end side of the high-temperature memory 3 has corresponding connections for the welded to the bottom surface of the receiver pressure pipes for the supplied metal vapor from the boiling process. The extensions of the pressure tube heat conductors leading through the reservoir can give off heat by means of heat conduction or condensation on the walls of the pressure pipes. Part of the heat energy supplied can also be used in underlying condenser / heat exchanger units ("I" + "III") in an optimized thermodynamic gradient. There are various applications that are mentioned in detail later.

The pressure tube heat conductors 2, 21 are made of carbon fiber reinforced composite (= CFC: carbon tiber carbon composite), and thus at the same time have an extremely high temperature resistance and a very good thermal conductivity. The pressure tube heat conductors 2, 21 are preferably designed as strands or tubes which extend into the ceramic high-temperature storage 3 and there the heat energy directly by condensation or indirectly by contact of the pressure tube heat conductors 2, 21 and radiation / gas convection to storage elements 9, 10 delivers. The heat energy stored in the preferably spherical storage elements can then be used with a time delay, when no radiation is present in the receivers, for the production of electrical energy or chemical process technology, for example by continuing to operate the liquid metal circulation with decreasing radiation. Then the evaporation and superheating zone is moved to the still hot areas in the receiver tank and the high-temperature storage. Thus, for example, at low sun, the still occurring, reduced radiation can be used and yet continuously worked at the same condensation temperature until the high-temperature storage area until the transition to the "consumers" (I + II + III + IV) sinking temperatures having. In the high-temperature condenser "1" can therefore be worked much longer than it would be possible for the sun. In this Fig. 2 is shown as a "consumer" only a capacitor «1», which heats the pressure supplied by the compressor gas in pressure tubes of a closed gas turbine cycle and thus drives the gas turbine. The waste heat of the gas turbine can also be used in a steam generator «III», which enables a combined turbine operation. The figures show these possibilities according to the invention, without, however, showing all the details relating thereto, even a compact system in the so-called Cheng cycle is possible, the gas turbine being equipped with a mixture of e.g. Nitrogen water vapor is operated.

Fig. 3 shows the principle structure of a system that allows in a surrounding cylindrical storage tank 4 a complete circuit for various chemical products, each optimized for the required temperature ranges. Consumers' are then "I" + "II" + "III" + "IV", as an example, a plant for the mentioned ZnO + C reduction process is shown only symbolically, as they are not material to the claims of this patent. The essential steps of this process are known and published, however, the heating by means of solar energy through the capacitor from the metal circuit 5 in Fig. 2 is new in this combination. Both the first high-temperature accumulator 3 and the second low-temperature accumulator 4 form containers 20, which surround the high-temperature internal memory 3 and the low-temperature accumulator 4. The containers for 3 and 4 are filled with ceramic storage balls 9,10, which can absorb and store the emerging from the pressure tube heat conductors 21 in the high-temperature internal memory 3 in the container 20 heat.

Fig. 4 shows views of possible embodiments of the radiation guide. Details of the pressure tube heat conductors are shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. Instead of 14, a so-called "beam-down" mirror device is conceivable as the radiation concentration: in this case, the radiation source is in the middle and the absorber stacks 15 are opened inwards accordingly. The pressure tube heat conductors 21 can then be led away in a star shape to the outside. According to the invention, it is crucial that the concentrated trough produced in the black absorber stacks is also removed in a concentrated manner by metal boiling (metal circulation 5). This allows a compact, highly efficient design. As radiation can be filled in sunshine-deprived areas and a ball of nuclear fuel elements, which can then be operated underground without further notice. Everything runs under protective gas and thus there is no risk of fire for hot CFC components or the (light) metal circuit 5.

4 shows preferably embodiments of a receiver for the entire system when irradiated in the middle of an absorber stack arrangement 26. Designs for the pressure tube heat conductors 21 with internal liner 23, stabilized with CFC wrap "wrap" 24 and possibly CFC rings 25 are shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. The rings 25 may be designed so that they only come into contact pointwise with the surrounding receiver channels 2 or ball memory elements 22.

In the example of a plant according to FIGS. 3 and 4 for carbothermic ZnO reduction (ZnO + C> Zn vapor + CO), a cooling circuit is provided in the low-temperature reservoir 4, in whose lines a condensation of the zinc oxide produced in this reaction cycle. Steam takes place, so that the metal can be drawn off liquid and thus separated from the CO gas. Further steps of the chemical process, in particular also the use of CO, are not the subject of this patent specification, but here too the heat energy obtained from the solar heat-metal vapor condenser and the process control via pressure and temperature control of a continuous loop are known as Zn metal. mix, driven by a plunger pump 8, which feeds the starting products, preferably in pre-pressed pellets. This version with continuous separation of the produced liquid zinc and the CO gas are new.

The capacitors and heat exchangers shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4 with different possible cooling circuits (loops) are suitable for pressure pipes as gas turbine heating chamber, but also as reaction chambers for various other chemical reactions with endothermic energy balance, only as an example, ZnO + C> Zn + CO is shown. This results in the following non-exhaustive applications:

1. Application for CSP (concentrated solar heat for electric power generation)

This application can operate by means of a compressed gas cycle in the coupled to the high-temperature storage area 3 condenser / heat exchanger «1» a fast-starting gas turbine. The prerequisite is that the memory area 3 is charged by sunshine over the carbon fiber stabilized pressure tube heat conductor by means of superheated metal vapor by condensation. On demand, liquid metal in the receiver circuit and the subsequent high-temperature storage 3 can be vaporized, in order then to bring the protective gas supplied by the compressor of the gas turbine to the condensation temperature in the condenser I, even without radiation from outside, so that the accumulator becomes the "combustion chamber" of the gas turbine! This can be used according to the invention - decoupled from the metal / steam cycle as a reserve capacity at any time for quick launches when fossil fuels are kept in stock and burned in a compact combustion chamber of the gas turbine, according to the prior art. According to the invention, this capacity is available until the fault has been remedied in the regional network. Preferably, in this operating state, the waste heat of the gas turbine for generating steam in aggregate «IV» serve, with the possibility of increasing the gas pressure by steam injection by means of a steam jet pump and operate the turbine in the so-called. Cheng cycle. With an existing steam turbine, a compact "combined cycle power plant" can also be operated, depending on local needs.

2. Application HT furnace cooling (heat source usually electric)

The principle of cooling a high temperature receiver by carbon fiber bundles of stabilized pressure tube heat conductors by means of metal evaporation can also be used for improved waste heat utilization in high temperature furnace processes. The furnace room is then in the middle, surrounded by the receiver-absorber stacks, which give the heat to memory, for use on demand (= valuable peak-time energy production).

3. Application for nuclear radiation receiver with compact conversion into heat energy (also for chemical process heat) at temperatures around 1000 ° C.

In this application, the radiation source is represented by the filled in the receiver, radiating balls. These react according to the nuclear process control, the effect is the same as in sunlight (which is actually also a nuclear radiation, but filtered by the atmosphere, the energy-intensive hard radiation components are missing!). As evaporating metal, it is preferable to use sodium for nuclear-technical reasons, temperatures above 1000 ° C can also be represented by the pressure!

4. Application for process heat utilization

Here, in detail, the process for the "ZnO + C = Zn + CO, then Zn + H2O = ZnO + H2" reaction is mentioned as shown in FIG. 3.

The reaction is carried out in a separate loop, driven by a plunger pump 8, which feeds pellets with the starting materials via a feed 28, the endothermic process with gas / vapor development is heated by the condensation zone of the cooling pressure tubes. In the external secondary storage the condensation of the produced zinc takes place, as well as the separation of the resulting CO gas. This is available for other processes, preferably 'water gas shift reaction to produce hydrogen, which is preferably reformed with further CO to CH3OH (methanol) to give a valuable fuel additive for mobile use.

The zinc produced is taken off at the Zn decrease 29 and can be easily transported and reacted at the site (preferably sites with unfavorable sunlight and heavy air pollution by coal heating) with water vapor to hydrogen. This burns in fuel cells or decentralized compact gas turbine / hydrogen engines at the place of consumption with delivery of electric energy + heat for city heating, on call from the operator. The resulting ZnO can then be recycled to the startup process.

In the middle ring of the subsequent high-temperature condenser, the cooling / reaction tubes are with rising, evaporating liquid zinc. Due to the turbulence and preferably used catalysts - in the pellets admixed Ce-Fe oxide or organic components pressed into the pellets or metallically mounted in the walls - there is intense reaction (also by parallel CO evolution). According to the invention, there is a considerable power intensity of the production.

In the outer annulus of this chemical production cycle, the cooling tubes which condense the Zn / CO vapor mixture in part, when cooled in countercurrent with about 400-500 ° C warm recycle gas.

The residual heat, in particular from the zinc condensation, can optionally be used in gas and steam turbines, preferably after extinction of the chemical reactions after sunset, when the memory can still deliver gas / steam of up to 1000 ° C.

Legend

[0065] <tb> 1 <SEP> Radiation Receiver with pressure tube metal boiling cooling <tb> 2 <SEP> Carbon fiber (CFC) stabilized pressure tube heat conductor <Tb> 3 <September> High-temperature storage area <Tb> 4 <September> Low-temperature storage area <Tb> 5 <September> Metal / gas cooling cycle <tb> 6 <SEP> Radiation onset Cyl. container <tb> 7 <SEP> preconcentrators radiation <Tb> 8 <September> liquid metal plunger <tb> 9 <SEP> Ceramic storage balls, standard materials <tb> 10 <SEP> Ceramic storage balls made of various high-temperature materials <tb> 11 <SEP> Carbon monoxide-zinc vapor bubbles <tb> 12 <SEP> Ceramic wall with high insulation wool <tb> 13 <SEP> Sectioned cooling condenser <tb> 14 <SEP> Sectional preheat areas <tb> 15 <SEP> Vertical V-shaped absorber stack <tb> 16 <SEP> Arched window behind preconcentrator <tb> 17 <SEP> Base plate of the receiver with the sacked pressure pipe ends and gasket <tb> 18 <SEP> Cover plate of the accumulator / condenser, welded-in pressure tube ends <tb> 19 <SEP> Separation of CO gas from liquid metal (s) <tb> 20 <SEP> High-temperature storage wall with high-insulation wool designed as a tower <tb> 21 <SEP> High-temperature pressure elbows in the receiver dome <tb> 22 <SEP> High-temperature storage balls, stabilizing pressure pipe bends <tb> 23 <SEP> Cuff made of heat-resistant metal alloy, inner liner welded <tb> 24 <SEP> CFC - carbon fiber bundles as «wrap» <tb> 25 <SEP> CFC - Rings to stabilize the inner pressure tube <tb> 26 <SEP> Receiver arrangement for radiation incidence in the middle of the absorber stack <tb> 27 <SEP> container, receiver dome <tb> 28 <SEP> Zn decrease <tb> 29 <SEP> ZnO Feed

Claims (31)

1. Receiver (1) for collecting concentrated radiation comprising A container (27) with at least one radiation inlet opening (16), - Absorber bodies (15) provided in the container (27), which are at least partially formed as black bodies and arranged behind the radiation inlet opening (16), for collecting the radiant energy and converting it into thermal energy, - In the absorber bodies (16) existing channels for the passage of a heat transfer medium - A high-temperature memory (3) forming receiving space (20) for heat storage elements, which defines a storage zone, and - in the receiving space (20) existing heat storage elements (9,10), characterized in that in the channels a cooling circuit forming pressure tubes (2) are present, which extend from the absorber bodies (15) into the receiving space (20) and in which vaporized for the purpose of dissipation of absorbed in the hot absorber heat heat liquid metal and in the high temperature Memory (3) or other consumers is condensed. 2. Receiver according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure tubes (2) with high temperature resistant fiber bundles (24) are stabilized. 3. Receiver according to claim 2, characterized in that the high temperature resistant fiber bundles (24) are made of carbon fiber reinforced composite material. 4. Receiver according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pressure tubes (2) comprise a liner (23) within the stabilizing fiber bundles (24). 5. Receiver according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the pressure tubes (2) comprise a flexible mesh or fabric. 6. Receiver according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the receiving space (20) and the container (27) are separate components, wherein the pressure tubes (2) at the junction of the container (27) and the receiving space (20) are connected in a connectable manner , whereby first and second pressure tubes are formed. 7. Receiver according to claim 6, characterized in that the ends of the first pressure tubes are arranged on the bottom (17) of the container (27) and preferably in the bottom (17) are welded. 8. Receiver according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the ends of the second pressure tubes at the container (27) facing end face (18) of the receiving space (20) are arranged and can be connected to the ends of the first pressure tubes. 9. Receiver according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the storage elements (9, 10, 22) are spherical. 10. Receiver according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the absorber body (16) has the shape of a funnel or a V-shaped body. 11. Receiver according to claim 10, characterized in that the funnel or the V-shaped body is composed of its plurality of discs or segments. 12. Receiver according to claim 11, characterized in that the discs or segments with the pressure tubes (2) are connected. 13. Receiver according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure tubes (2) abut in places or at points on the inner walls of the channels. 14. Receiver according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that either the inner walls of the channels or the outer walls of the pressure tubes (2) have elevations. 15. Receiver according to one of claims 3 to 14, characterized in that the composite has as a binder Si / SiC, which binder is incorporated in the matrix of the braid or fabric. 16. Receiver according to one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that the discs or segments have openings. 17. Receiver according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cooling circuit of the receiver (1) in the high temperature region (3) can be embodied by a plurality of parallel pressure pipes, which open outside the high-temperature storage zone in a heat exchanger / condenser (5), which serves as a heating of a second cooling circuit. 18. Receiver according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the cooling circuit of the receiver (1) is realized in that the vaporous liquid metal directly to the storage media (9, 10, 22) is condensable. 19. Receiver according to one of claims 7 to 18, characterized in that endothermic chemical reactions can take place in the second cooling circuit. 20. Receiver according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the absorber body (15) has a Lichtfanggeometrie which is suitable to capture incident light by multiple reflection on black areas and convert it into heat. 21. Receiver according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the receiver (1) may have a high-temperature storage (3) and an adjacent to the high-temperature storage memory (4) lower temperature, and the high-temperature storage (3) preferably by a thermally insulated wall from Memory lower temperature is disconnected. 22. Receiver according to one of claims 17 to 21, characterized in that the second cooling circuit for steam generation and gas-chemical reactions is available. 23. Receiver according to one of claims 10 to 22, characterized in that the receiver (11) can be used in a ring shape or funnel shape for concentrated, vertical solar radiation by a mirror device (26) the solar radiation perpendicular to the center of the receiver ( 11). 24. Receiver according to one of claims 10 to 22, characterized in that the receiver (11) in ring form or funnel shape for concentrated radiation from in the receiver (11) filled nuclear radiation body can be used. 25. Receiver according to one of claims 22 to 24, characterized in that the second cooling circuit (5) can be filled by means of a plunger pump with solid pellets which melt at a higher temperature or decompose gaseous / vaporous. 26. Receiver according to claim 25, characterized in that the second cooling circuit (5) in the upper region of the low-temperature reservoir (4) has at least one outlet leading to a cooling / condensation section, which comprises a separation device for gas-liquid separation and a subsequent Abgiesseinrichtung for recovering the generated metal. 27. Receiver according to one of claims 22 to 26, characterized in that the second cooling circuit (5) is equipped in the hot reaction zone with catalysts which promote hot gas synthesis in other heat exchangers. 28. Receiver according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure tubes (2) convert thermal energy in daytime operation in the high-temperature storage (3). 29. Receiver according to one of claims 3 to 28, characterized in that the pressure tubes (2) fiber bundles (24) of sliver, which is coated with binder and is rolled around the liner (23). 30. Receiver according to claim 29, characterized in that the pressure tubes (2) with the binder, preferably silicon carbide, are liquid phase sintered. 31. Receiver according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure tubes (2) with carbon fiber reinforced composite material rings (25) are surrounded, in particular at welded connection zones.