CH710162A2 - Thermal insulation board with fireproof layer, processes for their preparation, their uses and thus equipped building. - Google Patents

Abstract

The thermal insulation board is used for installation as internal and external thermal insulation of buildings. It consists, for example, of an expanded polystyrene EPS sheet or a polyurethane sheet. To achieve fire protection, it is equipped on at least one side with a layer (2). This is applied as a pasty mixture and consists of a proportion of air-filled balls of expanded, closed-cell silica sands and a mineral binder. One or more sides of the thermal insulation board (1) are coated, and these layers (2) are subsequently cured with or without heat input. The use of these thermal insulation panels with fire protection layer is carried out as internal and external thermal insulation of buildings by wall fittings inside or outside of buildings are equipped with it. The insulation boards are this applied to a cleaned, leveled with a plaster and provided with adhesive mortar wall and, if necessary, mechanically fixed to the building wall. Then a concealed plaster with reinforcing mesh is applied and finally applied a top coat, optionally with paint.

Description

This invention relates to a thermal insulation board, which consists of a highly combustible, but highly effective thermal insulation material and which is provided for the purpose of fire protection with a special coating, so that they achieved much better F-values.

The starting point for a fire is the ignition of combustible materials by a source of ignition. In a first phase (up to approx. 4 minutes), a so-called "initial or smoldering fire arises, the duration of which depends on the oxygen concentration of the room. In a second phase (about 4 to 9 minutes of fire), a local fire develops, which heats the air in the room more and more. From the approx. 3rd minute, the gas concentration reaches values that limit the ability to act of people - and from the 5th minute, values that are life-threatening for people. If the room temperature exceeds the ignition temperature of the objects in the room, there is a sudden fire spread, the so-called "flash-over" (about 9 to 10 minutes). The resulting temperatures can quickly reach 1000 ° C and more. According to the existing fire load and the fresh air supply, the fire is maintained at this temperature level (full firing phase) until it fades away slowly.

Conventionally, very many EPS insulation boards are installed for thermal insulation of buildings, ie plates made of expanded polystyrene and polyurethane. Polystyrene, a petroleum product, and the propellant pentane, biologically neutral hydrocarbon, form small polystyrene spheres by combining. The pentane in these small beads is activated in the Vorschäum-process by heating by hot steam and so foamed to form Perl granules to be foamed in further operations in the appropriate Wärmedämmplattenformen - this again by means of steam supply. The glassy beads with a diameter of 0.2 to 3 mm are supplied to the respective manufacturers and there foamed plates. By a more or less swelling the density of the final product is determined. EPS consists of mostly 98% air and 2% material content and is 100% recyclable. ESP provides excellent thermal insulation from 0.024 to 0.037 W / (mK) and is used on the roof, on the walls, on the facade or on the floor. In the construction industry, EPS has become indispensable as a thermal insulation material: its outstanding insulating properties, durability, low weight, high pressure resistance, flexible material and complete recycling make EPS a high-quality, ecological and reliable thermal insulation material.

As efficient as EPS panels for thermal insulation are, they are so unfavorable in case of fire. They have a fire code BKZ of 5.1, which means they are not flammable up to 200 ° C. In fires, however, far higher temperatures occur and then burn these plates quickly with strong and toxic smoke and turn out to be the actual fire accelerator.

Unlike thermal insulation panels fire protection is about a large heat - high temperatures - as long as possible to keep away from the other side of the fire protection board as a result of a fire on one side of the fire protection board. Here, the density of the plate material plays a different role. It should be high, so that the plate due to their material and its mass in case of fire has an endothermic reaction, that is, can absorb large amounts of energy when exposed to heat due to the elimination of large amounts of water and other reaction products. A cooling effect of the system is the result. Conventionally used as base material, for example, materials based on gypsum, calcium silicate, expanded mica or expanded clay. The binding agents used are water glass, gypsum, phosphates and cement, in particular magnesium cement or glass cement. A fire protection board should be as light as possible and as hard as necessary, with the best possible fire protection properties.

The classification of building materials is carried out according to the European standard EN 13501-1. The fire behavior of substances is classified under consideration of flammability, flame propagation and heat release in classes (A1, A2, B, C, D, E). The flammability increases from A1 to class E. Materials that do not reach class E are grouped in class F and may not be used as building materials. Furthermore, the smoke is classified in class A2 to D building materials. The degree of smoke is divided into s1 = strong, s2 = medium and s3 = weak. Another classification characterizes the burning dripping or falling of building materials under the influence of fire / heat. d0 = no burning dripping / falling off, d1 = briefly burning dripping / falling off, d2 = continuous burning dripping / falling off. Building materials are classified according to their flammability in different levels, with the flammability levels 1 and 2 (highly flammable and fast-burning materials) are not approved as building materials. <tb> • <SEP> Level 6 - non-flammable <tb> • <SEP> Level 6q - virtually non-flammable <tb> • <SEP> Level 5 - hardly combustible at 200 degrees Celsius <tb> <SEP> Level 4 - medium firing <tb> • <SEP> Level 3 - easily combustible fire code

The fire index (BKZ) is composed of the calculated degree of flammability (first number) and from the determined Qualmgrad (second number), e.g. 6q.3. The assessment may include other properties of the building material that are important for the fire behavior, such as burning dripping, toxicity and corrosion. Components must retain their function (load-bearing capacity, smoke-tightness, prevention of fire propagation through heat radiation or heat conduction) for a specified duration in case of fire. The European standard specifies further specifications. Here, a distinction is also made according to the criteria R (load-bearing capacity), E (room closure) and I (thermal insulation). For example, from the F60 requirement to a supporting outer wall the designation RJEI 60, from the F30 requirement to a non-supporting outer wall EI 30. That means that F (fire resistance) is split into the additional requirements R, E, I. Therefore they become in fire resistance classes assigned: <tb> F 30 / e.g. EI 30 <SEP> 30 minutes <SEP> fire retardant <tb> F 60 / e.g. REI 60 <SEP> 60 minutes <SEP> high fire retardant <tb> F 90 <SEP> 90 minutes <SEP> fire resistant <tb> F 120 <SEP> 120 minutes <SEP> high fire resistant <tb> F 180 <SEP> 180 minutes <SEP> highly fire resistant

The code letter F (e.g., F90) indicates the fire resistance of walls, ceilings, columns, stairs.

The flame retardant HBCD, which was added to the polystyrene foam in the past, may no longer be manufactured and used in the future. This was decided by representatives of over 160 countries at the end of May 2013 at a UN chemicals conference in Geneva. The prohibition under the European Chemicals Regulation REACH, which prohibits the use of HBCD as a flame retardant in polystyrene (EPS) boards, will come into force on 21 August 2015.

One of the best, if not the very best insulating material that can be produced industrially is airgel. The material, also known as "frozen smoke" because of its appearance, consists of about 5 percent silicate - the rest is air. Airgel was already used in the 1960s to insulate space suits and brought it to 15 entries in the Guinness Book of Records, including those as "best insulator" and "lightest solid", with thermal conductivities or Lambda values of 2 to 5 mW / (mK). Airgel is already being used in the construction sector, for example as an inflatable insulation material for interstices between walls or in the form of insulation boards made of fiber fleece. In fact, airgel pellets are extremely light, almost weightless and they can be held between thumb and forefinger. But once you rub your fingers together, these globules crumble. After two or three movements only a fine powder is left. Laboratory samples of an airgel plaster developed by the Eidgenössische Materialprüfungsanstalt EMPA in CH-Dübendorf gave a thermal conductivity λ of 30 mW / (mK). So that this airgel insulating plaster more than twice as good heat as a conventional insulating plaster and is comparable or even better insulating than a sheet of extruded polystyrene (EPS). The conventional insulating plasters have thermal conductivities or lambda values between 65 and 90 mW / (mK), the worst only a λ value of 110 or 130 mW / (mK).

The object of this invention is in view of this situation, a thermal insulation board, even one made of EPS or polyurethane, for installation as internal and external thermal insulation of buildings indicate which has fire protection properties, insignificant changes in thermal insulation properties, and beyond optionally - can also be equipped with reinforcing layers to increase their mechanical strength. Further, it is an object of the invention to provide a method for producing such a thermal insulation board, including one made of EPS or polyurethane, for installation as internal and external thermal insulation of buildings, as well as to specify uses of this thermal insulation board, and finally create so equipped buildings.

This object is achieved by a thermal insulation board for installation as internal and external thermal insulation of buildings, which is characterized in that it consists of a highly-heat-insulating but combustible material and at least one of its sides is equipped with a layer consisting of a Proportion of air-filled spheres of expanded, closed-cell silica sands, and the residual volume consists of at least one binder.

The method for producing such a thermal insulation board for installation as internal and external thermal insulation of buildings is characterized in that glazed, closed at its surface, filled with air balls of expanded silica sand in the dry state, a debris density of 50 to 400 grams / liter, mixed with a mineral and / or organic binder and the mixture is applied in pasty form on one or more sides of the thermal insulation board and this layer hardens afterwards with or without heat input.

The use of such a thermal insulation board for installation as indoor and outdoor insulation of buildings to create wall structures inside or outside of buildings by the insulation board on a cleaned, leveled with a plaster and then provided with adhesive mortar inner or outer wall of a building is applied, as needed mechanically fixed to the building wall and then a flush with reinforcing mesh grid is applied to glass-based and finally a top coat is applied, which is optionally provided with a paint.

A building is characterized in that it has inside or outside at least one wall structure, and which building thermal insulation panels for installation as internal and external thermal insulation of buildings according to one of claims 1 to 9, prepared according to one of the methods of claim 10 to 12th

With reference to the drawings, a thermal insulation board for installation as internal and external thermal insulation of buildings as well as their use for installation on building walls is explained.

It shows:

[0017] <Tb> FIG. 1: <SEP> A thermal insulation board with a fire protection layer applied to one side of the board, consisting of a homogenous mixture of air-filled spheres of expanded closed-cell silica sands and mineral binder; <Tb> FIG. 2 <SEP> A thermal insulation board with fire protection layers applied on both sides of a homogeneous mixture of air-filled spheres of expanded closed-cell silica sands and mineral binder; <Tb> FIG. 3: <SEP> A thermal insulation board, with all its sides provided with an applied fire protection layer, consisting of a homogeneous mixture of air-filled spheres of expanded closed-cell silica sands and mineral binder; <Tb> FIG. 4: <SEP> The first step for thermal insulation of a plastered old building wall - Remove the old plaster and clean; <Tb> FIG. 5; <SEP> The second step for equipping a plastered old building wall with dimensionally stable thermal insulation panels - and leveling the wall with a plaster; <Tb> FIG. 6: <SEP> The third step in equipping a plastered old building wall with thermal insulation - applying a layer of adhesive mortar and applying dimensionally stable thermal insulation panels with a fire protection layer to the still-moist adhesive mortar and fixing if necessary; <Tb> FIG. 7: <SEP> The fourth step in equipping a plastered old building wall with thermal insulation panels with a fire protection layer - with the application of a concealed plaster with integrated reinforcing mesh; <Tb> FIG. 8: <SEP> The fifth step - applying a fine plaster and, if necessary, applying a paint coat.

Raw perlite is a chemically and physically converted volcanic rock (obssidine) with a white, powdery appearance. The crude pearlite contains up to 2% water and has a density of 900-1600 kg / m 3. According to a process with multi-stage annealing to temperatures of about 800 ° C to 1400 ° C perlite inflates to the 10-15fache volume. The density of the inflated product is then only 50-400 kg / m <3>, so has an exceptionally light weight. The bloating of perlite has been known for years. However, the previous Blähmethode leads to open-cell, torn Perliten. For the present dimensionally stable thermal insulation boards, however, a novel perlite, consisting of glazed balls with closed cavities, is used. The process for producing this novel perlite is multi-stage and is described in detail in WO 20136/053 635 A1. The perlite sand is first sorted by means of a grading curve into different grain sizes. Each individual grain size is then inflated in a trickle canal with multistage temperature zones of increasing temperatures and thus glazed the surface of the balls. Typical grain sizes produced in this way are: <tb> • <SEP> 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm <tb> • <SEP> 0.5 mm to 0.8 mm <tb> • <SEP> 0.8 mm to 1.0 mm <tb> • <SEP> 1.0 mm to 2.0 mm

So far, perlites have been bloated in traditional ovens. As a consequence of the uncontrolled effect of temperature, the perlites, which have a low bulk density of less than 300 grams / liter as dry expanded product, are broken. Basically, insulation boards with a low bulk density have a higher porosity and accordingly always a better insulating effect. Accordingly, open-celled perlites, which naturally have a high water absorption capacity and accordingly are less suitable as thermal insulation material, are produced in traditional ovens. If, for example, in the prior art, a dry inflated product having a bulk density of less than 300 grams / liter is used as insulating material in plates, plasters or fillers, then additional measures are necessary for hydrophobing or coating the surface with bitumen, ie essential. However, these hydrophobing measures make such insulation boards economically less interesting. With the method according to WO 2013/053 635 it is possible to produce closed-cell perlite having a bulk density low in the dry state of less than about 50 to 400 grams / liter. If this is spoken of closed cell, so it is meant largely closed cell, because you can not rule out that when puffing one or the other grain of sand is not optimally and really waterproof blown. But in comparison with previously inflated perlites, all of which were open-pored, this method can in principle produce closed-cell perlite, ie with closed pores and thus waterproof. Basically, the insulating effect is increased when as much air is introduced into the plate. It has been found that the proportion of air in the insulating board can be increased by deliberately introducing a foaming agent when the mineral binder is mixed or mixed. The glazed, surface-enclosed, air-filled spheres of expanded silica sand are generally mixed with a mineral binder, which was also optionally mixed with a foaming agent and water was added. Optionally, the closed cell perlites may be admixed with up to about 10% by volume of airgel in powder form. Suitable binders for thermal insulation purposes are mineral as well as organic binders, for example polymers, epoxies, vinyl esters, phenolic resins and others. These binders may be homogeneous binders or else mixtures of various binders, for example those of phosphates, cements, gypsum, waterglass, lime, pH-neutral silica sol. and especially highly heat-resistant products such as clay cement or magnesium cements or other mineral binders. Also, inorganic binders may be used as needed. Optionally, other suitable additives can be added, for example conventional adhesion promoters. As such, stone dust, fly ash, minerals, fl owing mica, expanded clay, open-pored perlite, etc. are suitable as such.

For coating a thermal insulation board made of EPS or polyurethane, all these components are mixed with the closed-cell expanded perlite to form a homogeneous mixture and then as shown in Fig. 1 applied to a thermal insulation panel 1 as a pasty uniformly thick layer, after which this layer cured as fire protection layer 2 , This application can be done anywhere in a factory where the panels are manufactured ready to install, or by subsequent coating of existing thermal insulation panels, these are now somewhere in the warehouse or already installed on a building and freely accessible. The optional foaming of the application layer ensures that the applied layer 2 as a whole, depending on the specific composition of all components due to the air in the expanded perlites and the air from the foaming agent has a density of between 120kg / m <3> to 1200kg / m < 3> has. The introduction of this foaming agent as air entraining agents can be done by adding it to the binder and foaming it by mixing together with the binder. Thereafter, this foamed mixture is mixed with the expanded perlite, after which the mixture hardens. Alternatively, a foaming agent may be added to the binder as air entraining agents, which will foam only by heat input, much like the action of yeast in a dough, after which the binder cures. Another variant is that a finished foam is added to the binder or the finished mixture of binder and perlite.

The so-equipped EPS thermal insulation panels or polyurethane thermal insulation panels, with or without additional hydrophobic coating, are in any case stiff and dimensionally stable and have a surprisingly good stability, so that a special reinforcing layer for most applications is not necessary. As a special feature and in contrast to the known open-celled perlites, the closed-cell inflatable perlites have an astonishing compressive strength of 0.4 to 5 N / mm 2. These values were previously determined in a practical experiment. Optionally, an airgel nonwoven fabric can optionally be added homogeneously, or in the context of a laminate-like layer structure of a thermal insulation board, a layer of airgel powder can be inserted into the layer structure of such a thermal insulation board.

If particularly stiff thermal insulation panels are required with increased stability, they may optionally be equipped with additional stabilizing layers in the form of a lattice structure as reinforcing reinforcing layer within the fire protective layer. A fire protection layer with or without such reinforcing layer can be applied on one of the flat sides of the plate or on both flat sides, as shown in FIG. As an option anchoring systems can also be installed inside the slabs, as for example dowels approximately pass through the layer structure running transversely to the slices.

These novel, glazed balls in the closed-pore perlite have a very low water absorption capacity, in contrast to torn perlite. On the basis of these balls, mixed with a mineral binder, which is mixed with a foaming agent, thermal insulation panels can be coated in the manner described. The layers are dimensionally stable and permeable to vapor, which is important for the interior climate of a building. In order to improve open-cell perlites in terms of water absorbency, they have hitherto been coated, for example with bitumen. Another variant is to impregnate open-celled perlites with paraffin, silane or siloxane or to improve them with silicone and to use them for fillings. With the novel, above-mentioned swelling process surface glazing perlites but no finishing measures and no impregnation are necessary because the product absorbs hardly any water. Although the perlites applied to a thermal insulation panel are closed-cell and thus almost watertight, the panel may still be permeable to water or vapor, depending on the additional components added. But if completely watertight and completely vapor-impermeable plates are desired then their surfaces can additionally be treated with a water repellent.

In Fig. 2, a thermal insulation panel 1 made of EPS or polyurethane is shown with applied on both sides fire protection layers 2 and shown in cross section. It is used to create a thermal insulation on building envelopes. As a special feature, however, the insulation board shown here has a laminate structure of at least two outer fire protection layers, namely a core of EPS or polyurethane and on both flat sides each fire protection layer 2 of closed, filled with air balls, by expanding silica sand or were formed by puffing of perlite and were made with a mineral binder with the addition of a foaming agent to a homogeneous mixture, which was then applied in pasty form and cured. The expanded spheres of different diameters have a specific weight of only about 50-400 kg / m <3>. So they are extremely lightweight and extremely heat-insulating, with a λ-value of 35 to 50mW / mK, and thus comparable to that of the more expensive EPS or polyurethane. Overall, however, the thermal insulation board thus obtained with fire protection always remains air or vapor permeable. The fire protection layers 2 may also contain an armoring reinforcing layer in the form of a lattice structure, or be equipped with airgel-fleece layer. This grid structure may be tissue, a scrim, a net-like grid structure or a nonwoven. The material for this reinforcing layer can be, for example, cellulose or glass, or natural or synthetic fibers are used. A laminate construction can also be achieved by applying a thermal insulation panel of EPS or polyurethane of glazed and thus closed at their surface, filled with air balls of expanded silica or expanded perlite on the surface by gluing or by welding the glazed surfaces with a lattice structure is equipped as reinforcing reinforcing layer, after which a plurality of such equipped reinforced thermal insulation panels are connected by gluing or welding into a laminate. With such reinforcements in the applied reinforcing fire protection layer, compressive strengths of 0.7-5.0 N / mm 2 can be achieved.

Fig. 3 shows a thermal insulation board 1 made of EPS or polyurethane, which is equipped on all sides with a coated fire protection layer 2, that is completely enveloped by a fire protection layer 2, which consists of said bloated pearlite beads, mixed with a mineral binder and a Foaming agent, consists. The optional reinforcement layers within the fire protection layer or even the airgel nonwoven layers can be constructed of different materials and structures or identical. It is understood that plates with alternately several reinforcing or airgel nonwoven layers and several thermal insulation panels 1 can be built as cores to a laminate structure. The total thickness of the simplest thermal insulation boards, including a fire protection layer of 2 to 40mm, measures approx. 40-400 mm, which does not mean that even thicker boards can not be produced.

The reinforcing layers may be made of cellulose glass, for example. Other options include reinforcing layers of natural fibers or synthetic fibers. Advantageously, such reinforcing layers are mechanically fastened as a scrim, knit or nonwoven on the thermal insulation board or they are laminated to the same. Another variant is that the reinforcing layer is incorporated in a lime mortar or cement mortar, which adheres to the reinforced sides of the thermal insulation panel 1.

From Fig. 5 will now be shown how such a thermal insulation panel is used with fire protection layer for the equipment of a wall 3, be it an inner or outer wall. First, the old plaster 4 of a wall 3 is removed from the same, and the substrate 5 is cleaned and dried so that a dust-free surface is present. Then, as shown in Fig. 5, the exposed brickwork is leveled with a plaster 6, so that a perfectly flat surface is prepared for the next step and the laying of the thermal insulation panels. In a next step, as shown in Fig. 6, an adhesive mortar 7 is applied to this plaster base 6. This adhesive mortar 7 may be a lime mortar or a cementitious mortar or cementitious lime mortar. He is just profiled to create a perfectly flat surface for the snugly receiving the thermal insulation panels 8. Next, the laying of the thermal insulation panels 8 follows as shown. Ideally, for example, the thermal insulation panels 8 measure 50 cm x 100 cm and are about 5-15 cm thick, making them easy to handle and transport. They are simply pressed onto the still soft adhesive mortar 7 on the wall and then adhere to the same, because they are so unusually light. It is advantageous started down in a corner, and the fire-resistant thermal insulation panels 8 can then be piled up against the wall piled up. It is ensured that no cavities are formed behind the plates 8 by the pad is prepared as even as possible. If particularly thick or multi-layered thermal insulation panels 8 of, for example, 5 cm thick or more are used, they can be anchored with additional fastening systems in a known manner in the support base, as is already practiced for conventional polystyrene thermal insulation panels for a long time. The joints of the panels are locally taped with reinforcing tapes, with grids, nonwovens, mats, etc. against the cracking of cracks, using mineral or inorganic binders containing at most closed-cell perlite.

As a next step, as shown in Fig. 7, first flush 9 is applied to the lime or cement base on the thermal insulation panels 8, and in these a reinforcing fabric 10 is incorporated on a glass base with alkali-resistant coating. After curing this flush 9 with the support fabric 10 in the interior as shown in Fig. 8 nor a top coat 11 is applied, which may contain at best even closed-cell perlite. This top coat can be used afterwards as desired also as a support for wallpapering, or be provided with a structure for the desired room ambience, or even get an open-pored paint with preferably a silicate paint. In any case, the whole structure remains vapor-permeable on the wall. It is thus an exceptionally good thermal insulation produced with excellent λ value.

As a variant to the application of the method for coating thermal insulation panels of EPS or polyurethane, these can also be retrofitted, if they were already installed on a building, with a layer consisting of a proportion of air-filled balls of expanded, closed-cell silica sands, and a Residual volume of at least one binder to be coated by this fire protection and reinforcing layer is applied as a mortar layer. For this purpose, the coating mortar is touched on site, on site, and applied in a thickness of 2-40 mm, with the binders already described. Optionally, a glass grid, optionally coated with alkali-resistant coating, can be applied over the entire surface or at local locations as reinforcement and compensation of the plaster with the mortar mixture. Finally, the order of a finishing plaster takes place.

Such a thermal insulation board with fire protection layer on expanded perlite base has a thermal conductivity (λ value) of only 35-50 mW / mK. That is, the thickness of such a coated EPS thermal insulation board can be lower overall than an uncoated EPS thermal insulation board to achieve the same thermal conductivity. The total thickness of the wall structure can therefore be reduced. A drying time of about 30 days - as required for usual wall constructions with thermal insulation plaster of 30mm thickness - does not have to wait.

The present thermal insulation board with fire protection layer allows the further widespread use of EPS thermal insulation panels or rigid polyurethane foam panels and provides a real fire protection. The mineral binders used may be water glass, phosphates, cements such as magnesium cement or glass cement, gypsum, etc.

All of these thermal insulation panels with fire protection layer can be additionally equipped with reinforcing fibers by these fibers are mixed for example as loose filaments in the material, after which the plate is then pressed or cast and then cured. Such reinforcing fibers may be, for example, staple fibers or short cut fibers, such as fibers of glass, acrylic or other plastic fibers, or they may be metallic fibers.

Claims (14)

1. thermal insulation board with for installation as internal and external thermal insulation of buildings, characterized in that it consists of a highly-heat-insulating but combustible material (1) and at least one of its sides with a coated layer (2) is equipped, consisting of a proportion balls filled with air from expanded, closed-cell silica sands, and the residual volume of this layer consists of at least one binder. 2. thermal insulation board for installation as internal and external thermal insulation of buildings, characterized in that the thermal insulation board (1) is an EPS plate made of expanded polystyrene or a plate of polyurethane and the fire protection layer (2) expanded from a proportion of air-filled balls closed cell silica sand, having a dry density of 60-400 grams / liter, and a compressive strength of at least 0.4 N / mm 2, and the residual volume of said layer (2) comprising at least one binder one or more of the following: phosphates, cement, gypsum, waterglass, lime, pH-neutral silica sol or other mineral binders, stone dust, fly ash, powdered minerals, expanded mica, expanded clay, open-pore perlite. 3. Thermal insulation board for installation as internal and external thermal insulation of structures according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for the fire protection layer (2) expanded perlite is used in the form of glazed balls with different diameters, namely in the following composition, based on the weight : 30-60% with diameter 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm, 20-50% with diameter 0.5 mm to 0.8 mm, 10-30% with diameter 0.8 mm to 1.0 mm, 0 to 10% with diameter 1.0 mm to 2.0 mm. 4. Thermal insulation board for installation as internal and external thermal insulation of structures according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that only the two sides of the thermal insulation board (1) with the two largest surfaces are each equipped with such a layer (2), said layer has a thickness of 2 to 40 mm. 5. thermal insulation board for installation as internal and external thermal insulation of structures according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that all six sides of the thermal insulation board (1) are provided with such a layer (2), so that they are completely surrounded by such a layer ( 2), this layer (2) having a thickness of 2 to 40 mm. 6. thermal insulation board for installation as internal and external thermal insulation of buildings according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fire protection layer (2) contains a mixed with a foaming mineral binder, so that the fire protection layer (2) as a whole depending on the specific composition of all components Due to the air in the expanded perlites and the air from the foaming agent has a density of between 120kg / m <3> to 1200 kg / m <3>. 7. thermal insulation board for installation as internal and external thermal insulation of buildings according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of its fire-resistant layer surfaces is impregnated with a hydrophobing agent. 8. thermal insulation board for installation as internal and external thermal insulation of structures according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fire protection layer (2) contains a mixed water repellents and / or reinforcing fibers to increase their mechanical strength. 9. thermal insulation board for installation as internal and external thermal insulation of structures according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least the fire protective layer (2) of a flat side of the plate (1) with a lattice structure as reinforcing reinforcement layer of cellulose and / or glass, from natural fibers or synthetic fibers or a combination of these substances is equipped, and this is mechanically fastened or laminated on as a scrim, knitted fabric or as a nonwoven, or an airgel nonwoven fabric is mechanically attached or laminated on as an insulating layer. 10. A method for producing a thermal insulation board for installation as internal and external thermal insulation of structures, or for coating already installed on buildings insulation panels made of expanded polystyrene or polyurethane, characterized in that glazed, closed at its surface, filled with air balls of expanded silica sands , which in the dry state have a debris density of 50 to 400 grams / liter, are mixed with a mineral and / or organic binder and the mixture in pasty form in uniform thickness as a layer (2) on one or more sides of the thermal insulation board ( 1) is applied and this layer (2) hardens afterwards with or without heat input. 11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the binder is mixed with a foaming agent and mixed with the expanded silicate sands, so that depending on the proportion of the foaming agent in the binder, the coating as a whole after curing a density of 120kg / m <3> 1200 kg / m <3>, and that for this fire protection layer (2) expanded perlite is used in the form of glazed balls with different diameters, namely in the following composition, by weight: 30-60% with diameter 0.1mm to 0.5 mm, 20-50% with diameter 0.5 mm to 0.8 mm, 10-30% with diameter 0.8 mm to 1.0 mm, 0 to 10% with diameter 1.0 mm to 2.0 mm. 12. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 11, characterized in that after curing of the mineral binder at least one flat side of the thermal insulation board (1) with a lattice structure as reinforcing reinforcement layer of cellulose glass, natural fibers or synthetic fibers or a combination of these substances as a scrim, knit or fleece mechanically attached to the insulation board or laminated on it. 13. Use of thermal insulation panels for installation as internal and external thermal insulation of buildings according to one of claims 1 to 9 for creating wall structures inside or outside of buildings by insulating boards (8) on a cleaned, with a plaster (6) equalized and afterwards with Adhesive mortar (7) provided inside or outside wall (3) of a building are applied, if necessary mechanically fixed to the building wall (3) and then a concealed (9) with reinforcing mesh grid (10) is applied to glass-based and finally a top coat ( 11) is applied, which is optionally provided with a paint. 14th building, characterized in that it has inside or outside at least one wall structure, which contains thermal insulation panels with a fire protection layer for installation as internal and external thermal insulation of buildings according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 9, prepared according to one of the methods of claim 10 to 12th