CH706525A2 - Glass-metal facade composite panel. - Google Patents

Abstract

Glass-metal facade composite panel (1) with a glass pane (2) whose back is connected by a permanently elastic polymeric adhesive composite film (3) with a metal sheet (4) on the punctiform and at a distance from a plurality of fastening means (8) are welded , which form the load-transmitting connection to the facade (16), wherein the punctiform fastening means (8) are distributed on approximately the entire surface of the glass sheet (2) distributed on the metal sheet (4).

Description

The invention relates to a glass-metal facade composite panel according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

In EP 611 854 B1 a glass composite panel for wall and building cladding with at least one thicker glass sheet and at least one thinner sheet metal, which are interconnected via an adhesive layer is described.

The metal sheet and the glass preferably have approximately the same coefficient of expansion and the glass composite is held on a support structure or window construction on the wall of the building. At least one edge of the metal sheet is freely accessible from the flat side of the glass composite plate forth and on this edge fasteners such as stud bolts, metal screws are secured by welding after connecting the glass sheet with the metal sheet.

Disadvantage of the known glass composite plate is that the metal sheet edge only holds the glass pane from behind in the manner of a picture frame and that only in the frame region of this metal sheet, the punctiform attachment means can be welded to the back of the metal sheet.

The technology of resistance welding at the time did not allow fastening bolts to be fastened to the back of a relatively thin metal plate without the welds being visible from the front side of this metal sheet. This was accepted at the time. Therefore, the metal sheet was glued only as a circumferential frame to the full-surface back of the glass plate and welded in this area, the fasteners. Therefore, there was the disadvantage that from the front, i. through the glass plate, which could detect welding points on the frame-side metal sheet.

For this reason, the frame portion was optically covered from the front side of the glass plate and optically laminated in the manner of a passe-partout. However, this was the disadvantage of insufficient attachment of the glass composite panel given that it could only be suspended on the frame side with fasteners fastened there to the facade. This created the further disadvantage that due to the unfavorable mounting suspension only glass panes of small thickness and low weight could be used. In addition to the optical limitations (optical frame-side cover from the visible side of the glass plate forth) therefore also had the disadvantage of poor load transfer of the glass composite panel on the facade side.

Further, it is mentioned that the plastic adhesive layer is formed by at least one film and the film of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or polyurethane (PU) and the thickness of a film layer is about 0.4 millimeters and the glass sheet associated side of the metal sheet a has uniform surface, preferably polished and together through the glass by acting as a mirror and that two metal sheets or sheet metal strips are laminated together with a glass and that it is designed as a parapet, has a thick glass and a metal sheet of the same size and that close to the metal sheet Fasteners are provided.

This document also mentions a method for producing a glass composite plate, wherein the thin metal sheet together with a foil, e.g. Adhesive layer is laminated under heat and pressure on one side of the glass sheet, preferably by rolling and an autoclave process. Then punctiform bolt-like fastening means are welded to the thin metal sheet at the marginal points, preferably by means of resistance welding, the duration of the current, the current, the time course of the current and the amount and time of the pressure load of the holding means, determined by preliminary tests, are given.

This document discloses only the formation of the glass composite panel as a parapet pane, consisting of a thicker glass and an equal size thinner, designed as a closed frame metal sheet, wherein the retaining means are provided for fixing the glass composite panel on a retaining structure on the wall close to the metal sheet. However, a large-area attachment of the punctiform fastening means is not apparent from this document because they can only be attached to the edge of the metal sheet.

Incidentally, in EP 611 854 B1 there is no load-bearing device for the glass pane and no coated or graphically designed glass is mentioned. A direct connection of the support structure on the metal sheet is not disclosed, but only an indirect connection via an elastic separation profile or a second strip of a metal sheet takes place.

There is therefore the disadvantage that only edge-side fastening means and not distributed over the entire composite panel fastening means are mentioned and the support structure or single-staple elements are not attached directly to the metal sheet. This leads to problems with larger glass-metal cladding panels with respect to the sufficient dimensioning of the fasteners and overall to an insufficient life or safety.

The invention is therefore the object of providing a glass-metal facade composite plate and a method for their production, which do not have these disadvantages and are also inexpensive to produce, can be quickly assembled and have a long life and the desire for a met diverse color and graphic and effective design.

To solve the problem, the invention is characterized by the technical teaching of claim 1.

An essential feature of the invention is that the punctiform attachment means are mounted distributed on approximately the entire surface of not only designed as a frame metal sheet and the back of the glass is preferably the entire surface connected to the metal sheet.

This results in the advantage that the glass pane is now preferably fully connected to the metal sheet and thus forms borderless the visible side of the facade. On only marginally arranged on the glass sheet metal strips on which the punctiform fastening means are arranged distributed, can be dispensed with. The punctiform fastening means are rather distributed over the entire surface of the metal sheet and the glass pane is preferably substantially over the entire surface connected to the metal sheet, resulting in a much better load transfer to the facade.

Because can be dispensed with arranged edge metal strip, the inventive glass-metal facade composite panel forms borderless the visible side of the facade, because the metal sheet covers the glass plate over its entire surface from behind. Optically disturbing welds, which were visible in the prior art from the front of the glass plate through this, now omitted because they are no longer visible from the front of the metal plate through the glass thanks to a novel arc stud welding.

This results in completely novel design options, because the load transfer from the metal sheet on there back welded fasteners now takes place at any point on the entire surface of the glass-metal facade composite panel. On the one hand, large-area glass-metal facade composite panels with a high weight per unit area can now be securely fastened to a façade and, on the other hand, optical coverage of welding points from the visible side of the glass-metal facade composite panels is no longer necessary.

The glass-metal facade composite panel according to the invention consists of a thicker glass and a thinner sheet metal, in particular a stainless steel sheet with each other over the entire surface by a permanently elastic polymeric and transparent or translucent adhesive composite film of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or polyurethane (PU) or ethylene-vinyl acetate Copolymer (EVA) or EVM (EVA with high vinyl acetal content - levamelt from Lanxess) are connected. On the metal sheet by means of arc stud welding a plurality of punctiform fastening means (preferably made of stainless steel) are arranged. These fasteners are each connected to an Agraffe and the clasps are mounted adjustable and lockable in at least two mutually parallel, facades arranged rails.

The metal sheet is formed in an embodiment on the lower side at least piecewise angled such that it acts load-bearing for the glass.

In a second load-bearing embodiment load-bearing elements in L-shape are mounted on the lower portion of the metal sheet. In this case, the L-shaped load-bearing element may be formed over the entire width or only piecemeal.

In a third load-removing or glassichernden embodiment so-called glass clasps are circular-shaped in the glass edge of the glass pane and therein engages a load-bearing U-element, which in turn is connected by means of fastening means with the metal sheet.

Next, a method for producing, wherein the glass plate with the permanently elastic polymeric adhesive film and the metal sheet are adhesively bonded in a pre-laminator and are free of air bubbles connected in an autoclave under pressure and temperature influence and the application as a facade element without aesthetically disturbing visible Fastening means between the individual glass-metal cladding panels and with the possibility of cost and time-saving installation in the form of hanging and lateral fixing and with the possibility of aesthetic color and graphic design and long life.

The subject of the present invention results not only from the subject matter of the individual claims, but also from the combination of the individual claims with each other.

All disclosed in the documents, including the summary information and features, in particular the spatial design shown in the drawings are claimed as essential to the invention, as far as they are new individually or in combination over the prior art. In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to drawings illustrating several execution paths. Here are from the drawings and their description further features essential to the invention and advantages of the invention.

In the drawings: <Tb> FIG. 1 <sep> is a schematic section through a glass-metal facade composite panel (1) in a first embodiment <Tb> FIG. 2 <sep> is a schematic section through the edge region of a glass-metal facade composite panel (1) in a second embodiment <Tb> FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic view of four exemplarily arranged glass-metal facade composite panels (1) and their attachment. FIG <Tb> FIG. 4 is a schematic section through the lower edge region of a glass-metal composite facade panel (1) with a load-bearing L-element (25) and fastening means (28) according to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 <Tb> FIG. FIG. 5 shows a schematic section through a third embodiment with a glass agraff (29) ground into the lower edge area of a glass-metal facade composite panel (1) with a load-bearing U-element (27) and fastening means (28) and a permanently elastic polymer Element (26) <Tb> FIG. 6 <sep> is a schematic plan view of the lower edge region in FIG. 5 with a ground glass agraffe (29) in the edge region of the glass pane (2) with a load-bearing U-element (27) <Tb> FIG. 7 <sep> is a section through the embodiment of FIG. 1 showing further details <Tb> FIG. 8 <sep> the top view of the illustration of FIG. 7 <Tb> FIG. 9 <sep> schematizes a plan view of the stud welding gun <Tb> FIG. 10 <sep> The representation of the procedure in stud welding.

In Fig. 1, a schematic section through a glass-metal facade composite panel (1) with the sun (5) on the front and a wall (16) is shown on the back.

In this embodiment, a glass sheet (2) with a rear metal sheet (4) connected by a permanently elastic polymeric adhesive film (3) is shown. On the back of the metal sheet (4) a fastening means (8) is fixed by means of arc stud welding and with the fastening means (8) a clasp element (9) is attached.

In the exemplary embodiment in Fig. 1, a suspension rail (10) is shown identical to the Agraffenelement (9). The agraffenformen (9, 10) are shown only by way of example and can be varied in a variety of ways and in particular must not be of identical design.

The suspension rail (10) is connected by way of example with a fixing device (15) with the wall (16). The type of fixation (15) is possible in a variety of ways, paying attention to the ease of installation and good adjustment or adjustability of the distance from the wall and the local x-y position. In this present embodiment, a ventilated facade is outlined.

The glass sheet (2) can be selected from a clear glass or colored float glass (soda lime glass) or a so-called solar glass (glass with low iron content or less green color) and is usually used thermally toughened or partially prestressed and is such an ESG (toughened safety glass) or TVG (partial tempered glass) is edge trimmed or provided with a chamfer (12) and is 2 to 19 mm thick, typically 6 mm to 12 mm and preferably 6 mm to 8 mm thickness used.

For facades with appropriate technical building regulations (for example, the glazing is located on a traffic area and is used at a height greater than 4 meters) is usually a externally monitored hot-mounted toughened safety glass ESG-H glass used. An ESG-H glass is produced as normal ESG, ie heated to typically 620 ° C to about 630 ° C and cooled rapidly with cool air. Thereafter, it is stored at a temperature of 290 ° C ± 10 ° C for several hours hot (hot storage test = heat-soak test). This additional procedure results from heating the disk for several hours, e.g. at least 4 hours holding time, to spontaneous bursts, and thus reduces the spontaneous breaks of normal ESG triggered by nickel sulfide inclusions in use. A spontaneous break is the delayed destruction of toughened glass panes (ESG) without any apparent external influence.

The glass sheet (2) can be coated on one or both sides by means of roller coating or curtain coating or knife coating or be designed graphically by screen printing or inkjet printing (6, 7). After the application of the paint or coating (6, 7) a predrying is carried out and then the curing process is carried out together with the ESG or TVG process at about 600 to 650 ° C, typically 620 ° C to 630 ° C.

The colors for the coating or the graphic design (6, 7) can be enamel paints, ie colors with glass frits according to the prior art and are so outside stable (level 1) and can also on the glass inside (level 2) used and offer a comparable adhesive bond to the permanently elastic polymeric adhesive film (3). Such enamel paints can be made opaque or translucent in color and 3D effects can be generated, wherein the glass thickness and the glass transparency co-determine the 3D effect and additionally in the choice of 2 translucent enamel colors, the surface of the metal sheet (4) in the aesthetic effect with can be included.

By admixing various effect pigments such as fine glass bubbles of borosilicate glass with and without coatings or of small translucent platelets (flakes, glass flakes, Gimmerflakes) with diffractive coatings to achieve Farbkippeffekten in the visible wavelength range or of luminescent pigments diverse optical effects can be achieved.

In addition to the usual enamel paints based on glass frits and screen-printable, translucent, metal oxide sol-gel colors can be used on level 1 and 2. For example, the screen-printable and highly reflective sol-gel color named LustRefelx TLU 0050A "Reflective mirror coating" from Ferro, which allows a wet application of 15 to 20 microns by means of a polyester screen with greater mesh size 100 mesh / cm and after predrying 100 to 130 ° C by removal of all solvents a layer thickness of 1 to 2 microns and in a typical annealing process for float glass at 600 to 700 ° C and typically 3 to 6 minutes, a nanometer-thin outer stable (level 1) layer of about 50 to 400 nm results. This coating or graphic design (7) can in principle also be done on the inside of the glass (level 2) and provides a good and durable bond with the permanently elastic polymeric adhesive film (3).

By adding further nanoscale effect pigments with luminescent properties further diverse optical effects can be achieved and by addition of further nanoscale pigments such as titanium dioxide pigments or ZnO pigments in addition to luminescence effects also interesting semi-gloss surface effects and the like effects can be achieved.

Sol-gel coating or printing processes are wet-chemical processes for producing homogeneous, nanocrystalline ceramic or oxide-ceramic or ceramic-organic layers. The peculiarity of sol-gel processes is that the preparation or deposition of the materials proceeds from a liquid sol state, which is converted into a solid gel state by a sol-gel transformation. Solids are dispersions of solid particles in the size range between 1 nm and 100 nm, which are very finely distributed (dispersed) in water or organic solvents. Sol-gel processes generally start from sol systems based on organometallic polymers. The transition from the liquid sol to the ceramic material takes place via a gel state. During the sol-gel transformation, there is a 3-dimensional cross-linking of the nanoparticles in the solvent, whereby the gel receives solid-state properties. The transfer of the gel into an oxide-ceramic material takes place by means of a controlled heat treatment under air.

The metal sheet (4) is preferably selected from a stainless steel sheet with high resistance to rust and good electrical weldability and is, for example, with the quality or quality according to EN 10020 with the material number 1.4510, 1.4520, 1.4521, 1.4512, 1.4509 or 1.4462 with a coefficient of thermal expansion αT (20-100 ° C) from 10.0 to about 13.0 10 <-> <6> / K chosen, this list of usable stainless steel grades is not complete and to the particular application or specification or tender must be adjusted. In general, stainless steel grades having a low coefficient of thermal expansion of from 10.0 to about 13.0.times.10.sup.-6 are preferred because the glass sheet has a thermal expansion coefficient .alpha.T (20-100.degree. C.) of about 9.0.times.10 -6> / K and too high a difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion would heavily burden the adhesive bond.

Such a metal sheet is used in a thickness of 0.3 to 3.0 mm, in particular 0.5 to 2.0 mm and most preferably 0.8 to 1.5 mm in thickness and it can while M6 and M8 stainless steel bolts with Zündspitze used as a fastener (8) and by the arc stud welding process with tip ignition with a welding process in the range of 1 msec to 3 msec is the thermal stress in the sheet metal area to permanently elastic polymeric adhesive film so low that when you select a suitable voltage no visible evidence recognize. The correct welding parameters are checked with a transparent glass pane (2) and a brushed stainless steel sheet (4).

The stainless steel sheet (4) can be used untreated on both sides or brushed on the side of the glass or polished or used generally formed with a chemical or mechanical or laser-technical surface treatment or surface structuring or surface embossing.

As a permanently elastic polymeric adhesive film (3) is a film of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) with thicknesses of 0.38 mm, 0.76 mm, 1.14 mm and 1.52 mm or polyurethane (PU) or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA) or EVM (EVA with high vinyl acetal content - Levamelt from Lanxess) is used, in particular for larger surfaces and / or thicker steel sheets, adhesive films (3) with thicknesses of 1.14 mm and 1.52 mm are used both an ESG or ESG-H or TVG glass have some unevenness due to the thermal treatment and a thicker steel sheet may also have unevenness and on the other hand has a high intrinsic stiffness and so by the lamination process in an autoclave lamination process after State of the art for the production of laminated safety glass elements a small compensation of any unevenness occurs.

Usually transparent adhesive films (3) are used, as they are used by default in a VSG lamination of glass sheets. However, it is also possible to use colored adhesive films (3) and it is possible to use PVB films with luminescent properties, ie with long-lasting phosphors, such as, for example, the LUMINEO PVB film from Kuraray-Trosifol (www.trosifol.com/fileadmin/ pdf / broschueren_2011 / disclaimer / OP_Lumineo_dts _6_2011_net.pdf) for architectural glazing.

The lamination process is carried out in a preferred sequence analogous to a glass lamination, it is in a protected space (cleanroom-like with controlled temperature and humidity) on the cleaned metal sheet (4) one or more adhesive films (3) in the format of the metal sheet (4th ) or with a corresponding excess and placed on the glass sheet (2) and this sandwich is moved in the prior art by a pre-laminator in the form of a roll laminator (calender, Walzenstuhlungen) and there is a Vorverbund at temperatures of over 100 ° C, where the rollers can have temperatures of over 180 ° C. Due to the pre-bond of the sandwich (2, 3, 4) can be manipulated, but still has small to very small air pockets in the adhesive film (3) and make the composite look milky-cloudy. The final lamination process is usually carried out in an autoclave at elevated temperature in the range 100 ° C to 160 ° C, especially at about 120 ° C to 140 ° C using a PVB laminating film and elevated pressure in the range of 10 to 15 kg / cm < 2> often over several hours of residence. The task of the pressure-temperature process in an autoclave is to completely dissolve the residual air and residual moisture in the molten PVB film, with the air being well soluble in PVB at said temperatures. In the cooling phase, the contents of the autoclave is cooled down to a glass surface temperature of about 40 ° C while maintaining the full pressure and only then the pressure is released from the autoclave.

In the choice of the thickness of the adhesive film (3) between the glass sheet (2) and metal sheet (4) still plays the thermal expansion coefficient of the two elements (2, 4) a role and that of a Agraffe (9) or of Einhängeschiene (10), both of which are usually made of aluminum or aluminum alloys.

In addition to the use of PVB films (3) as permanently elastic polymeric and transparent or translucent or self-luminescent adhesive films (3) films of polyurethane (PU / TPU) or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA) or EVM (EVA with high Vinyl acetal content - Levamelt the company Lanxess) can be used with EVA films analogous to the lamination of photovoltaic modules so-called Vakuumlaminieranlagen can be used, which require significantly lower investment costs. When EVM films are used, the lamination time can be further reduced. In all cases, the nature of the permanently elastic polymeric and transparent or translucent adhesive films (3) on the type of application, the size of the individual glass-metal composite panel (1) and the thicknesses of the glass sheet (2) and the metal sheet (4) and the environmental conditions and the relevant rules and standards on facades must be taken into account.

Basically, PVB films have certain advantages in the lamination of glass panes such as a very well reproducible lamination process with the possibility of reworking in the case of small air pockets, a glass adhesion without adhesion promoter, a long storage time up to several years before processing, a high optical transparency and good UV resistance (25-30 years), temperature resistance to 60 to 80 ° C and other advantages, but also the disadvantage over EVA that an autoclave is required and this is much more expensive in relation to a Vakuumlaminieranlage and requires a much higher energy input and that the edge reacts more sensitively to water vapor or water in a PVB lamination compared to an EVA lamination and thus is somewhat more critical in outdoor use and certain design principles must be considered. In the case of a PVB lamination, for example, the glass panes are selected to be somewhat larger than the metal sheets with, for example, a glass supernatant (24).

Another essential criterion is the different thermal expansion coefficients of the materials used.

As a fastening means (8), a threaded bolt or a threaded nut or a socket or a hook or an eyelet can be used. The fastening means (8) are preferably made of a stainless steel, which is suitable for the arc stud welding and has a so-called firing tip and are welded by the arc stud welding process with tip ignition with a welding process in the range of about 1 msec to 3 msec with the metal sheet (4) can.

When using 1.0 to 3.0 mm thick steel sheets (4) of the quality 1.4510 with αT (20-100 ° C) of 10.0 10 <-> <6> / K or 1.4520 with αT (20-100 ° C) of 10.4 10 <-6> / K or 1.4521 with αT (20-100 ° C) of 10.4 10 <-6> / K or 1.4512 with αT (20-100 ° C) of 10.5 10 <-6> / K or 1.4509 with αT (20-100 ° C) of 11.0 10 <-6> / K or 1.4462 with αT (20-100 ° C) of 13.0 10 <-6> / K and the same stainless steel sheet qualities can be welded so M6 and M8 bolts without visible change of the metal surface to the adhesive film (3). Basically, cost-effective 1.4301 stainless steel sheets with a αT (20-100 ° C) of 16.0 10 <-> <6> / K can be used, due to the somewhat large coefficient of thermal expansion to glass on the maximum size must be respected and possibly a relatively thick permanently elastic polymeric adhesive film (3) must be used and of course must be paid attention to the required rust resistance. If the rust resistance is high, V4A stainless steel grades with molybdenum (MO) addition are required.

In Figs. 9 and 10 it is shown that during the welding process with, for example, a gap-stud welding gun is first a fastener (8), for example, an M8 threaded bolt, with an approximately 9 mm diameter flange approach of about 1 mm in height and a Central firing tip of about 0.7 mm to 1.0 mm in diameter and 0.7 mm to 1.0 mm in height pushed into the stud holder of the stud welding gun. Then the gun is placed vertically with all feet (electrical contact elements) on the metal sheet (4). When triggering the welding process, the threaded bolt is lifted by a solenoid against a compression spring by 1 mm to 5 mm. The higher the lift, the shorter the welding time. When the end position is reached, the solenoid is switched off and the welding current is switched on. The threaded bolt with the firing tip is accelerated by the compression spring in the direction of sheet metal surface. When striking the firing tip on the sheet metal surface flows a large discharge current, whereby the firing tip evaporates and builds up an arc that melts the entire face of the threaded bolt and an approximately equal point on the metal sheet. The melted face of the threaded bolt dives into the molten metal sheet surface and the arc goes out and the melt solidifies. This welding process takes about 1 to 3 msec and the gap stud welding gun can be withdrawn vertically.

To avoid traces of smoke and traces of scorch, the metal sheet (4) can be wetted in the region of the weld with soapy water. As an alternative to this split-pin welding, a contact stud welding can also be carried out, the time duration and the thermal loading of the metal sheet i.a. being selected by the choice of the gap stud welding. can be kept shorter and so the entire laminate composite can be thermally better protected.

Under the sheet-metal side Agraffe (9) that element is understood, which by the fastening means (8) and in Fig. 1 by a threaded bolt (8), with the metal sheet (4) is connected. Usually, non-visible fasteners are referred to, for example, in ventilated façade panels with Agraffe. Clasps can have very different shapes and are usually made of aluminum or aluminum alloys.

Since aluminum and aluminum alloys have a thermal expansion coefficient αT (between 20 ° C and 100 ° C) of about 24 x 10 <-6> / K and a conventional float glass only 9 x 10 <-6> / K and a suitable steel sheet in the range 10 x 10 <-6> / K, an agraffe (9) can only be used piecewise and can thus be suspended in a suspension rail (10), paying attention to the different thermal expansion coefficients. The clasps (9) usually have elements for height adjustment (13) and for fixing (14). These elements (13, 14) are sketched only schematically and by way of example and must be designed with the appropriate size of the glass-metal facade composite panel (1) to the appropriate weight. The piecewise metal-side Agraffe (9) is located directly on the back of the metal sheet (4). This results in little or no tilting moment on the fastening means (8).

The suspension rail (10) is further connected via schematically illustrated facade fastening elements (15) with the wall (16). The manner of attachment can be realized in a variety of different designs and will usually be adapted to the local structural conditions. It is paid attention to a long-term secure attachment in compliance with building codes and at the same time a quick installation must be possible and the adjustability with respect to wall distance and x-y position or angularity must be possible quickly and permanently.

In the schematic representation in Fig. 1, a structurally identical Agraffe (9) and rail (10) is shown. This has the advantage that only one drawing tool for both profiles (9, 10) is needed.

In Fig. 2 is a schematic section through the edge region of a glass-metal facade composite plate (1) with a not yet welded fastening means (8) is shown. In this embodiment, a threaded stud (8) having an M8 thread and an approximately 9 mm diameter flange extension (21) of about 1 mm in height and a central firing tip (22) of about 0.7 mm to 1.0 mm in diameter and 0, 7 mm to 1.0 mm high in the center of the face of the threaded bolt (23).

The metal sheet bend (11) is exemplified to about 2/3 of the thickness of the glass sheet (2) is formed and is connected in this area by the permanently elastic polymeric adhesive film (3) with the glass (2) and serves a certain security in the sense of a mechanical load transfer.

The sheet metal bend (11) may be formed over the entire lower edge or only piecemeal.

In Fig. 3 is a schematic view of 4 exemplified glass-metal facade composite panels (1), each with a different number of fasteners (8, 18, 19, 20) per Agraffe (9) shown. By the number of two or three or four fastening means (8, 18, 19, 20) per Agraffe (9) smaller diameter of the fastening means can be used and the security can be increased. Due to the close spacing (18, 19, 20) of the fastening means (8), the different thermal expansion coefficient between the aluminum or the aluminum alloy of a single Agraffe and the metal sheet (4) is not a problem and the individual clasps (9) very close to each other be positioned and fastened in line.

In Fig. 4 is a schematic section through the edge region of a glass-metal facade composite panel (1) with a welded fastening means (8) and a load-bearing L-element (25) is shown. The attachment of this L-element (25), for example, by the fastening system (28) and may be formed piecewise or over the entire lower edge. The visible from the sunny side (5) edge of the L-element (25) is preferably formed black or dark and is perceived so hardly visually disturbing. The space between the glass sheet (2) and the L element (25) can be filled with a permanently elastic polymeric element (26), for example based on a two-component silicone or PVB or EVA or EVM or PU / TPU and the like permanently elastic polymers.

In Fig. 5 is a schematic section through the edge region of a glass-metal facade composite panel (1) with a welded fastening means (8) and a load-bearing U-element (27) is shown. The attachment of this U-element (27), for example, by the fastening system (28). The U-element (27) engages in a so-called glass agraffe (29). This is understood to mean a circular segment-shaped grinding into an edge region of the glass pane (2). Such elements (27, 28, 29) can be arranged several times on the lower edge of the glass-metal facade composite panel (1) and can also be formed on the edge or on the upper edge. The space between the U-element (27) and the glass clasp (29) can be filled with a permanently elastic polymeric element (26), for example based on a two-component silicone or PVB or EVA or EVM or PU / TPU and the like permanently elastic polymers.

FIG. 6 shows a schematic plan view of the edge region of a glass-metal composite facade panel (1) with a load-bearing U-element (27) and the circular segment-shaped cut in the edge region of the glass pane (2). In principle, the cut can also be formed rectangularly with corresponding radii and can be formed, for example, over the entire glass edge and the load-removing or securing U-element (27) may be formed piecewise or be guided over the entire length of the glass edge.

Fig. 7 shows the assembly drawing of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, where it can be seen that the metal sheet-side Agraffe 9 engages with a vertical and inwardly directed legs on an associated paragraph of the facade side arranged Einhängeschiene 10 and that the height adjustment via a Adjustment screw 30 between the Agraffe 8 and the facade side suspension rail 10 is done. Further, Fig. 7 shows that for fixing the connection, a fixing screw 31 is provided which is screwed into an associated threaded bore 14 (see FIG. 1) in the agraffe 9 and with its bolt-side end to a vertical portion of the facade-side suspension rail 10th supports and fixes there.

The fastening of the facade-side suspension rail 10 takes place in the illustrated embodiment via a dowel screw, which is generally shown as a facade fastening 15 in Fig. 7.

In Fig. 1, in contrast, a releasably formed by screws facade fastening is shown, wherein two angled L-profiles are connected to each other via a screw connection.

The nature and design of the attachment of the facade-side suspension rail 10 on the facade 16 can therefore be changed within wide limits.

Fig. 7 shows the advantage of the inventive solution, namely that the punctiform, bolt-like fastening means 8 can be welded at large distances on the back of the metal sheet 4 at any intervals, so that a cheap, large-scale connection of the metal sheet 4 with the facade 16th can be done. In the prior art only marginal connections between the metal sheet 4 and the facade 16 were respectively shown, which is associated with a much poorer load transfer.

Due to the large-scale load transfer via any arranged on the back of the metal sheet 4 fastener 8, which are releasably or firmly connected with associated clasps 9 results in the according to the advantage that high loads and bending moments over a number of vertically superimposed and a mutual distance from each other engaging attachment points can be conveniently transferred to the facade 16.

Fig. 8 shows the rear view of the illustration in Fig. 7, where it can be seen that each arranged in a horizontal line spaced apart clasps 9, which are connected to the bolt-like fastening means 8, each mounted in a suspension rail 10 and there about the said screws 30, 31 are adjustable and fixable.

FIG. 9 shows a preferred embodiment of a stud welding gun used in accordance with the invention. This system works on the capacitor discharge principle. The bolt-like fastening means 8 are welded according to the invention via a tip ignition with the back of the metal sheet 4.

To provide the required energy, a capacitor bank is charged via a control loop. The welding current is then activated via a power thyristor. About the stud welding gun, the bolt-like fastener 8, the electrically conductive metal sheet 4 - and the ground cable, the electrical circuit is closed.

In Fig. 10, the welding operation with the illustrated in Fig. 9 gap welding gun for stud welding with tip ignition is shown. Due to the short welding time (compared to the contact welding method), such a stud welding gun is suitable for welding very thin-walled workpieces and allows aluminum welding without protective gas. With the appropriate settings, not only aluminum but also all other materials can be welded.

In Fig. 10, the timing of a gap 42 having a threaded bolt 38 is shown.

First, the threaded bolt 38 is pushed into the stud holder of the welding gun 34. Then the welding gun 34 is placed with all gun feet 37 on the metal sheet 4. By pressing the start button 39 of the threaded bolt 38 is lifted by a solenoid (against a compression spring). This is shown in Figure 10 on the second figure from the left.

Upon reaching the end position of the solenoid is switched off and switched on the welding current. The threaded bolt 38 is now accelerated by the compression spring in the direction of the metal sheet 4. When striking the firing tip 22 on the surface of the metal sheet 4 flows a large discharge current. As a result, the firing tip evaporates and an arc builds up, which melts the end face of the threaded bolt 38 and an approximately equal point to the workpiece (metal sheet 4). Subsequently, the threaded bolt 38 dips into the melt 43, the arc extinguished and the molten bath solidifies. This welding process takes about 1 to 3 ns. Immediately thereafter, the gun can be withdrawn vertically and refitted.

The higher the lift of Fig. 10 in the second image from the left, the greater the welding time. The lift can be infinitely adjusted from 0 to 5 mm. The wall thickness of the metal sheet 4 may be at least 0.5 mm to ensure proper welding.

In this embodiment can be dispensed with a protective gas, because the welding time is so short that there is no danger that the welding point oxidized during the short welding time.

Instead of a threaded bolt 38, which is shown in the embodiment of FIGS. 9 and 10, other welding elements (welding studs) may be used, such. Female threaded bushes, pins and other bolt-like welding elements of different dimensions and materials. All welding elements should have a firing tip 22.

drawing Legend

[0079] <Tb> 1 <sep> composite panel <Tb> 2 <sep> glass <Tb> 3 <sep> bonding film <Tb> 4 <sep> sheet metal <tb> 5. <sep> Sun (Facade outside) <tb> 6. <sep> coating (outside) <tb> 7. <sep> coating (inside) <Tb> 8 <sep> fasteners <tb> 9. <sep> Agraffe (angle profile piece) <Tb> 10 <sep> Suspension rail <Tb> 11 <sep> bend <Tb> 12 <sep> fillet <tb> 13. <sep> Tapping (for 30) <tb> 14. <sep> Tapping (for 31) <Tb> 15 <sep> Facade mounting <tb> 16. <sep> Facade (wall) <Tb> 17 <sep> weld <tb> 18. <sep> Fasteners (as 8) <tb> 19. <sep> fasteners (as 8) <tb> 20. <sep> Fasteners (as 8) <tb> 21. <sep> flange approach (from 8) <Tb> 22 <sep> firing <Tb> 23 <sep> face <Tb> 24 <sep> glass stand <tb> 25. <sep> load-bearing element (angle profile) <tb> 26. <sep> permanently elastic element <tb> 27. <sep> load-bearing element (angle profile) <Tb> 28 <sep> fasteners <Tb> 29 <sep> glass clasp <tb> 30. <sep> Adjustment screw (for 13) <tb> 31. <sep> Fixing Screw (for 14) <tb> 32. <sep> mother (out of 8) <tb> 33. <sep> Slice (from 8) <Tb> 34 <sep> Welding Gun <Tb> 35 <sep> Power Line <Tb> 36 <sep> Control Cables <Tb> 37 <sep> gun foot <Tb> 38 <sep> threaded bolt <Tb> 39 <sep> Start button <Tb> 40 <sep> arrow <Tb> 41 <sep> arrow <Tb> 42 <sep> gap <Tb> 43 <sep> Melt

Claims (26)

1. glass-metal facade composite panel (1) with a glass pane (2) whose back is connected by a permanently elastic polymeric adhesive composite film (3) with a metal sheet (4) on the punctiform and at a distance from a plurality of fastening means (8, 18-20) are welded, which form the load-transmitting connection to the facade (16), characterized in that the punctiform fastening means (8, 18-20) distributed on approximately the entire surface of the glass sheet (2) distributed on the metal sheet (4) are. 2. Glass-metal facade composite panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal sheet (4) over its entire surface with the back of the glass sheet (2) via the adhesive composite film (3) is glued. 3. Glass-metal facade composite panel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fastening means (8, 18-20) are formed as stud bolts and with one end side punctiform on the inner surface of the metal sheet (4) are welded. 4. Glass-metal facade composite panel according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the permanently elastic polymeric adhesive film consists of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or polyurethane (PU or TPU) or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA) or EVM. 5. Glass-metal facade composite panel according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the polymeric adhesive film preferably has a thickness of 0.38 mm, 0.76 mm, 1.14 mm and 1.52 mm and that at larger Surfaces and / or thicker steel sheets, the adhesive film has a thickness in the range between 1.14 mm and 1.52 mm. 6. Glass-metal facade composite panel according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the metal sheet consists of a stainless steel sheet and that the punctiform fastening means is welded on the sheet metal end face on the sheet metal arc welding with a tip ignition. 7. glass-metal facade composite panel according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the metal sheet has a thickness of 0.3 to 3.0 mm, in particular 0.5 to 2.0 mm and most preferably 0.8 to 1 , 5 mm thick. 8. glass-metal facade composite panel according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the punctiform fastening means (8, 18-20) are connected to an angle profile-shaped Agraffe (9), and that at least two clasps (9) in at least two mounted on the facade side hanging rails (10) are mounted. 9. Glass-metal facade composite panel according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the metal sheet is brushed or polished on the side of the glass sheet or formed generally with a chemical or mechanical or laser-technical surface treatment or a surface structuring or a surface embossing , 10. glass-metal facade composite panel according to claim any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the glass sheet of float glass (soda-lime glass) or solar glass (glass with low iron content or less green color) is formed and thermally toughened a Einscheiben Safety glass (ESG) or an externally monitored hot-tempered toughened safety glass ESG-H is or a partially toughened glass (TVG) is formed and edge edged. 11. glass-metal facade composite panel according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the glass sheet coated on one or both sides by roller coating or curtain coating or doctoring or by screen printing or inkjet printing is designed graphically and after a predrying of the curing process together with the ESG or TVG process at about 600 to 650 ° C, typically 620 ° C to 630 ° C, takes place. 12. Glass-metal facade composite panel according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the glass pane is provided on level one, so the outside and / or on level 2, the inside of the glass, with a translucent graphic design. 13. Glass-metal facade composite panel according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the metal sheet is at least partially angled on the lower side such that the glass is supported at least with greater than 60% of the glass sheet thickness and the permanently elastic polymeric adhesive film also is arranged in this angled sheet metal part. 14. Glass-metal facade composite panel according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the glass pane (2) in the lower region at least piecewise or over the entire width by an L-element (25) with fastening means (28) to the metal sheet ( 4) is secured load-bearing. 15. glass-metal facade composite panel according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the glass pane (2) in the lower area at least piecewise or over the entire width by a U-element (27) with fastening means (28) to the metal sheet ( 4) and a Glaseinschliff (29) in the form of a glass Agraffe is secured load-bearing. 16. Glass-metal facade composite panel according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the glass pane is designed as a photovoltaic module. 17. Glass-metal facade composite panel according to claim 1 to 16, characterized in that the fastening means is a threaded bolt or a threaded nut or a bush or a hook or an eyelet and having a firing tip. 18. A method for producing a glass-metal composite facade panel (1) with a thicker glass sheet (2), which is connected by a permanently elastic polymeric adhesive film (3) with a thinner sheet metal (4) on the punctiform and at a distance a plurality of fastening means (8, 18-20) are welded, which form the load-transmitting connection to the facade (16), characterized in that the stud bolts formed as fastening means (8, 18-20) by means of a Lichtbogenzenschweissung punctiform welded to the metal sheet (4) become. 19. A method for producing a glass-metal facade composite panel according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the attachment of the fastening means on the metal sheet by means of arc stud welding after lamination to the glass-metal facade composite panel. 20. A method for producing a glass-metal composite facade panel according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the fastening means on the metal sheet by means of arc stud welding before lamination to the glass-metal facade composite panel. 21. A method for producing a glass-metal facade composite panel, characterized in that on the metal sheet (4) shortly adjacent a plurality of fastening means (8, 18, 19, 20) are welded and this plurality of fastening means with a Agraffe (9) be connected and the distance of the fastening means (8) with each other is chosen such that in connection with the type of attachment of the agraffe (9) differences in the thermal expansion of the metal sheet (4) and the agraffe (9) made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy do not cause thermally induced moments on the welding points (17). 22. A method for producing a glass-metal composite facade panel according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the plurality of individual clasps (9) metal sheet side are mounted so that they are linearly mounted in series with close position tolerance and a fine adjustment device (13) and having a laterally operable fixing device (14). 23. A method for producing a glass-metal composite facade panel (1) according to one of claims 1 to 22, wherein the sandwich of glass (2) and permanently elastic polymeric adhesive composite film (3) and metal sheet (4) are adhesively bonded in a prelaminator and in an autoclave under pressure and temperature influence air bubbles are connected to each other or air bubble-free interconnected in a vacuum laminator. 24. A method for producing a glass-metal composite facade panel (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein the fastening means (8) are welded to the metal sheet (4) by means of arc stud welding after lamination and due to the short welding time, in particular under application the tip ignition of about 1 to 3 msec caused no damage to the adhesive bond between the metal sheet (4) and the permanently elastic polymeric adhesive composite film (3) and the glass sheet (2) and further when using a transparent and uncoated or unprinted glass, no optically visible and thus disturbing Effects are to be recognized. 25. A method for producing a glass-metal composite facade panel (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 24, wherein the fastening means (8) on the metal sheet (4) by means of arc stud welding before lamination to the glass-metal facade composite panel (1) and the pre-lamination takes place with the aid of a compensating plate with recesses for the fastening means. 26. Application of a glass-metal facade composite panel (1) produced according to one of claims 1 to 25 as a facade element without aesthetically disturbing visible fastening means between the individual glass-metal facade composite panels (1) and with the possibility of cost and time-saving assembly in the form of hanging and lateral fixation and with the possibility of aesthetic color and graphic design and long life.