CH704383A2 - Wind energy device for generating electrical energy from wind energy produced at wall of multi-story building for e.g. charging car battery, has support and cover that are provided for fastening turbine to wall of building - Google Patents

Abstract

The device has a turbine for generating electrical energy from flow (41) of wind energy produced at a wall (W) of a building. A support (30) and a cover are provided for fastening the turbine to the wall. A turbulence chamber is connected upstream of the turbine for reinforcing helicity of the flow of wind energy. The turbine has a stator with a cage that is aligned towards the chamber and a rotor with rotor blades, where the rotor is rotated around a rotational axis. The turbine has a turbine blade whose inclination is adjusted opposite to physical rotational axis of the rotor.

Description

The invention relates to a wind power device, with at least one turbine for generating electrical energy.

With the renaissance of wind energy production, the most diverse types of wind power devices (also referred to below as "windmills") have been propagated, whereby the individual types differ in some cases only in some details. The principle is always the same, the wind pressure is converted into mechanical energy and this into electrical energy. The efficiency of the windmill depends on how much work a given wind per unit area is capable of. Therefore, there is no universally efficient windmill, but only those that work optimally under given conditions, that is, for example, those in low wind and others that provide the highest efficiency in strong winds.

Also, their size is a crucial factor and not only from an environmental point of view (eg minimization of noise), but also for cost reasons, is here only to the ever increasing material costs at higher load, both in terms of supporting pillars, the "Wings" as well as on the axle bearings.

There are locations with highly oriented wind direction and those with a flow, which is independent of the direction on average. In this case, the windmills should be designed so that they can rotate according to the wind, or work independently of the direction of rotation. For all these problems there are special solutions. For these reasons, there are also a variety of windmills in use, ranging from sails sailed to the well-known propeller windmills.

The basic principle, according to which the wind is braked locally and the energy obtained from it is converted into mechanical, shows that only systems with a flow rate can act; would the. Braking the wind down to zero, the stagnant air would not be removed and the system would come to a standstill. An efficient windmill therefore needs an area that is flowed through. With a propeller windmill with a large flow area, the wind energy is used on the basis of adapted in relation to the wind speed Umdrehgeschwindigkeit. This type is today considered one of the most efficient windmills and it is they who dominate the market as freestanding windmills.

From the patent literature further wind power devices are known from FR 2 588 317 A1, DE 20 2004 018 648 U1 and US 4 452 046, which use helical vortex flows as the drive of a turbine. However, these wind power devices are freestanding and designed to use primarily thermal convection currents. Furthermore, these known wind power devices are configured relatively bulky.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a compact wind power device and a building which enables efficient use of the wind energy for obtaining electrical energy.

This object is achieved by the wind power device according to claim 1 and the building according to claim 15. The further claims indicate preferred embodiments of the wind power device according to the invention and of the building according to the invention as well as a use of the wind power device and / or the building.

The inventive wind power device and the building according to the invention are designed for use of the flow, which generates a wind on a wall of the building. This flow usually has a pronounced vorticity and has a correspondingly large wind energy due to the size of the surface of the wall. The structure of the wind power device is compact ausgestaltbar.

The invention will be explained below with reference to embodiments with reference to figures. Show it <Tb> FIG. 1 <sep> an illustration of a wind power device according to the invention, as it looks attached to a house wall from the outside, <Tb> FIG. 2 <sep> is a schematic middle section through the vortex chamber (10) of the wind power device according to FIG. 1, whereby also the flow is indicated, as it is caused in the interior by guide plates, <Tb> FIG. 3 <sep> the interior of the vortex chamber (10) of the wind power device according to FIG. 1 in a transparent view, wherein the generated helical flow (44, 45) is also indicated, <Tb> FIG. 4 <sep> an inside view of the turbine part (20) of the wind power device according to FIG. 1 with information about the flow, <Tb> FIG. 5 <sep> is a schematic section through rotor and. Stator of the turbine for a wind power device according to FIG. 1 and a possible mounting of the rotor, <Tb> FIG. 6a-6f <sep> explanatory sketches for the flow mechanics of the wind power device according to the invention, <Tb> FIG. 7a <sep> is a schematic representation of a further turbine type with curved radial blades for a wind power device according to FIG. 1, <Tb> FIG. 7b <sep> is a schematic representation of the flow and its vectorial splitting when hitting a curved radial blade according to FIG. 7a, FIG. <Tb> FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of a variant of a wind power device according to the invention with a vortex chamber flowed on both sides.

The wind power device unit 1 comprises two parts: a fluid mechanical eddy current generator 10 and a turbine element 20. In Fig. 1is this unit shown from the outside as shown, for. B. at the corner of a house by means of carrier 30 is attached to the house wall W. Both parts 10, 20 are closed by a housing in the form of a three-quarter cylinder 11 and 21 to the outside, wherein that part 21 of the cylinder, which belongs to the turbine box, has air outlets 23. Both parts of the cylinder 11 and 21 connect on the open cylinder side to baffles 12 and 22 at. The cylinder 11, 21 and the baffles 12, 22 are each end by a sheet or plate 25, respectively. 26 (see Fig. 3) covered. This cover 25, 26 may still have variations, depending on whether the unit 1 is used individually or as a cascade element.

The air inflow results from the wind, which is stowed upon impact with the wall W and thus deflected and so generates a boundary layer flow 41 and 42 to the house edge. The flow 41 corresponds to that part of the boundary layer flow, which is directed by the guide plate 12 directly into the eddy current generator 10. The air flow 42 at the vertical level of the turbine part 20 is deflected so that it is supplied to the eddy current generator 10. The baffle 22 is the outer lining of this feed line, which has internally additional guide elements.

The eddy-current generator 10 is explained in FIGS. 2 and 3. FIG. 2 shows a horizontal section through the eddy-current generator 10. The part 11 of the three-quarter cylinder forms a housing, in the interior of which a spiral baffle 13 is located, which guides the inlet jet 41 spirally, as indicated by the arrows 43, and bundles and compresses into a strong helical flow 44. (The arrow 44 in FIG. 2 is merely illustrative, since the flow 44 is directed transversely to the direction of extension of the housing 11 and thus leads out of the sheet plane.) The vorticity of this vortex flow 43 resp. 44 corresponds to that of the boundary layer flow 41, 42, in the present case it is therefore negative. In order to reinforce this flow 43, 44, the spiral element 13 is preceded by a guide plate 12 which channels the flow 41 into the chamber. The unit I is fixed in this example on the edge of a house by means of support 30 to the house wall W by anchors 31. In this case, the inner support 30, which is arranged opposite to the guide plate 12, also formed from sheet metal, so that the cavity between the housing 11 and the spiral plate 13 is completed.

In Fig. 3, the eddy current generator 10 is shown transparent. This illustration serves to explain how the spiral element 13 is installed in the cylinder 11. The spiral element 13 forms a channel which tapers in the extension direction of the housing 11. By this taper, both the speed is increased, and the vortex flow, which results from the deflection of the inflow 41, amplified. Overall, the helicity of the flow is enhanced by the eddy current generator 10, i. H. there is an increased orientation of the velocity vector of the flow in the direction of the vorticity vector; This flow with increased helicity is also referred to herein as helicitary flow and is indicated in FIG. 3 by the spiral 45. The flow in the chamber formed by the spiral element 13 is indicated by arrows 43. The flow 41 is similar to a wind tunnel flow, which is bounded by the guide plate 12, the carrier 30 and the house wall W. The mounting plates resp. Carrier 30 are mounted on the wall W, the inner mounting plate 30 is also baffle at the same time. Upwardly and downwardly the element 10 is closed by end plates 27 and 26, the upper end plate 27 having in the center a hole 28 through which the turbine casing is supplied with a helical vortex flow 45 which drives the turbine and an opening 29 through which the inflow 42 is supplied to the eddy current chamber 10 (see Fig. 1).

In Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of the interior of the turbine housing 21 is shown. The baffles 13 in the turbulizer 10 extend to the opening 28 in the end plate 27, where the helicitary flow 44 enters the turbine housing 21. The flow is bounded laterally by a plate 29. The actual turbine is a body of blunt conical shape 50 which can rotate about a vertical axis 58 (see Fig. 5); it corresponds to the rotor with a lower bearing 611 and 612 and an upper bearing 613 and 614. The axis 58 terminates in a cap 53, which is kept stable against lateral vibrations by thin rods 60 if necessary.

The cap 53 may also be equipped with wings, as is the case in a gas turbine for the stator. However, this is not absolutely necessary, e.g. then not, if, as in the present case, the existing vorticity ensures that the beam 44 is deflected when hitting the dome 53 as if the dome 53 would be occupied with guide vanes.

The thus deflected beam now hits the turbine blades 54, which are arranged in rings on the rotor 50. In the simple case, a wreath is sufficient. Optionally, the blades 54 may be configured so that their inclination is adjustable. The beam deflection causes a momentum on the blades 54, thus causing the rotor 50 to rotate. The air 46 leaves the turbine housing 21 through its air outlets 23. The housing 21 is closed by the stable cover 25, to which the axis 58 and the stator 51 of the turbine are attached. However, the stator 51 may also be part of the fixed axis 58. The turbine rotates the generator rotor 52.

In Fig. 5, the bearing of the rotor 50 is shown schematically. The fixed axis of rotation 58 is rigidly anchored to the cover plate 25 by the anchoring 62. On the opposite side of the axis 58, the cap 53 is fixed by the anchoring 62, which may be supported by rods 60. The actual rotor 50, with the turbine blades 54 mounted, rotates about the axis 58, separated therefrom by the two ball bearings 611 and 613. On the cap 53 it rests with the ball bearing 612 and can be adjusted relative to the cover plate 25 by a further ball bearing 614.

In the rotor 50 and the rotor part 52 of the dynamo is integrated, which together with the stator 51 forms the dynamo, which is responsible for generating the electric current. These stator elements 51 are firmly anchored to the cover plate 25 by the anchor 62, or they may also be integrated in the axis of rotation 58. Subsequent to these elements 51, a cavity is present which has the air outlet openings 23.

Both the bearing with ball bearings 611-614 and the dynamo are given only schematically here, as this offers a whole series of solutions. In particular, stator 51 and rotor 52 may be reversed.

The air outlet openings 23 shown here are only one way in which the exhaust air can be discharged from the turbine. There are other variants conceivable, resulting from the specific turbine type used.

In Fig. 6, the fluidic properties are described. The wind power device 1 is installed at the corner of a house wall W Fig. 6 (a). The wind blows against the house wall W and creates a flow towards the corners. This flow corresponds to a boundary layer flow whose velocity profile is shown in Fig. 6 (b), where U is the velocity at a distance z from the wall. The associated vorticity of the flow ω is shown in Fig. 6 (c). This inflow is labeled 41 and 42 (see Fig. 1).

Since the wall W is impermeable to the wind, the back pressure on the wall W drives this flow, which is thus much larger than the direct wind. The house surface is used for energy production. In addition, this inflow 41, 42 has a large vorticity, which is generated on the wall W. This vortex-containing flow is enhanced by the spiral deflection through the plate 13. This flow 41, 43, 44 is also shown in Fig. 2 and already discussed.

The flow leaves the vortex chamber as a helicitary flow 44 and strikes the axle calotte 53. The associated flow conditions are shown in Fig. 6 (d) and (e). In the case of a central flow, the flow at the pole P of the dome 53 experiences a stagnation point St, the directly adjacent streamlines are deflected in the direction of the vorticity, the dome 53 flows around in a spiral shape. With a flow around the cap 53 at higher flow velocity, the stagnation point St moves vertically from the Kalottenoberfläche by a certain distance forward, the vortex character of the stagnation point is maintained and it forms so on the cap 53, a flow film of boundary layer nature. This flow corresponds to the known flow around a dome, except that in the present case the vorticity present in the flow 44 forces the spiral flow 47.

Fig. 6 (f) illustrates the operation of the turbine, which is modeled on a gas turbine. The parallel flow U1a is deflected by guide vanes 531 on the stator and partially accelerated and then impinges on the blades 54 of the rotor. The stator is here the dome 53. The vanes 531 may also be omitted since the vorticity of the helicic flow 44 causes the flow to self-align 47. Nevertheless, it may be beneficial to use the dome 53 with vanes (by approx 15 °), especially if the vorticity is too weak. The vanes may also be designed so that their respective inclination is adjustable.

The speed after this precursor is U2, it is much larger than U1, while the axial components U1a and U2a are approximately equal. The rotor blades 54 deflect the jet drastically (about 75 °) and this leaves the blade ring at a speed U3. This is composed of the relative velocity U3r and a tangential velocity DU, which is responsible for driving the rotor.

A rotor of this type uses particularly well the helicity of the flow 44. However, other types of rotors are suitable. In addition, another simpler type is given in FIG. 7, which also uses these flow conditions. It is an axially mounted paddle wheel whose vanes 55 ensure that, due to the vorticity contained in the jet 44, the flow at the paddle wheel, here from below, has a radial component and thus the pressure acts longer on the blade. Of the blades, only a single vane 55 is shown in FIG. With v are drawn virtual lines, which serve only for the better understanding. As can be seen, the blade 55 is curved as seen in the axial direction. Optionally, the blades 55 may be configured so that their respective inclination is adjustable.

In contrast to the example according to FIG. 4, here the entry hole 28 is arranged asymmetrically through the intermediate plate 27. In addition, the stator 51 of the generator is now integrated into the axle 58 and the rotor 52 of the generator now rotates with the mechanical rotor 50 with. The arrangement of rotor and stator can also be reversed by the virtual walls v are formed into supporting elements and the axis 58 is formed very narrow or even eliminated inside. The blades are attached to the outer rotor wall in such a solution.

In the example according to FIG. 1, the position of the inlet channel 12, 22 is selected as a function of the preferential wind direction. By baffles 121 on the side transverse to the wall W side, see Fig. 8, this wind power device is operable even when changing wind, d. H. Both the flow 41 from the wall W and the flow 411 from the wall across the wall W can be used. For introducing the flow 411 into the swirl chamber 10, the inner support wall 30 shown in FIG. 2 is designed to be valve-shaped. This is achieved according to FIG. 8 by providing a flap acting as a valve, which can rotate about a hinge 32 arranged on the wall corner.

In Fig. 8, the two positions of the flap 301a and 301b are designated.

Advantageously, the wind power device is aligned according to the main wind direction 41, because for the other inflow 411 the entrance vortex strength with respect to the compression coil 13 has the opposite sign and thus impinges the final helizitätsreference on the turbine with the opposite sign.

Construction and operation of the wind power device described here can be summarized as follows:

The wind power device is adapted to convert wind energy into electrical energy. The wind power device may at the corners or other suitable locations of house walls or on other walls, for. B. the roof are mounted so that the windproof wall can be used as a diversion element. Due to the size of the wall surface, a correspondingly large wind energy can be used. This can be especially with high buildings such. have high values for skyscrapers.

In the wind power device thus the dynamic pressure is used on the flowed solid walls as a drive for a flow, which has strong boundary layer character. It is this flow that is used directly as an influx for the wind turbine. This flow has a strong vorticity, which is fed to the helicic flow. This type of flow allows a simplified construction of the turbine and further ensures that at the inlet of the wind power device, a negative pressure prevails and thus prevents the air flows around this part. In contrast to the known freestanding wind power devices is no longer the flowed through surface of the turbine crucial, but the wind exposed to the storage area. The wind power devices can thus be kept quite small and still convert large energies.

The wind power device allows to use the wind energy decentralized. The locally gained electrical energy can, but does not have to be fed into the grid. It can also be used to charge batteries, e.g. Car batteries are used, which is an almost ideal source of energy in the advent of electric vehicles, because so the sporadically and in different quantities resulting wind energy can be stored by the producers themselves and used as needed.

The dimensions of the wind power device, in particular the length-width ratio are selected according to the building architecture and the flow conditions. Conveniently, the wind power device has a modular design, which in addition to a single arrangement and several vortex chambers and turbines can be strung together in flexible combinations.

Furthermore, the wind power device need not be aligned in the vertical direction, as shown in Fig. 1, but may be oriented differently depending on the building architecture. For example, the wind power device may be horizontally aligned with an arrangement on the roof.

In the wind power device, in the vortex chambers, a compression of the inflow, which is a boundary layer flow with a high proportion of vorticity, takes place into a helicoidal jet. A simple variant of the vortex chamber provides a spiral guide plate. Alternatively, it is also conceivable, e.g. To install individual baffle sections in the vortex chamber to redirect the introduced flow so that their helicity is enhanced.

The turbine is designed so that especially the centrifugal component of the helical flow is used. This is e.g. achievable by the turbine is designed free of a further blade ring as a deflection, which rotates in operation in opposite directions to the dynamo-driving blade ring.

In a simpler form of the wind power device, it is conceivable to omit the inlet channel and the vortex chamber and to install a suitable turbine on the wall of the building in order to use the flow generated by the wind on the wall.

The wind power devices are usually exposed to the weather, which is why correspondingly weather-resistant material is used for the production. Suitable z. B. corrosion-resistant sheet materials, hard plastic, etc.

As facade elements wind power devices also have decorative functions. So it is e.g. conceivable to replace the here described three-quarter-cylindrical Umschalung by an artistically designed.

The turbine housing may also have sound-absorbing panels, in particular, when the turbine is large, in order to implement strong winds can.

Claims (18)

A wind power device (1) adapted to use the flow (41, 42; 411) generating a wind on a wall (W) of a building, comprising at least one turbine (50; 50) by means of which Flow (41, 42, 411) electrical energy is generated, and fastening means (25, 27, 30) for fixing the turbine (50, 50) on the wall (W). 2. Wind power device according to claim 1, with at least one inlet channel (12, 22, 121) for introducing the flow (41, 42, 411) generated on the wall (W). 3. Wind power device according to claim 2, wherein the fastening means (25, 27, 30) at least one carrier (30) which is part of the inlet channel (12, 22, 121). A wind turbine as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, including at least one vortex chamber (10) upstream of the turbine (50; 50) for enhancing the helicity of the flow (41,42; 411). 5. Wind power device according to claim 4, wherein the vortex chamber (10) has a helical guide channel (13), which is preferably formed from sheet metal (13) and / or sheet metal sections and / or which is preferably surrounded by a casing (11). 6. Wind power device according to one of the preceding claims 4 to 5, wherein the vortex chamber (10) on the outlet side a cover (27) having an opening (28; 28). The wind turbine of claim 6, wherein the turbine (50; 50) includes a rotor rotatable about a physical axis of rotation and wherein the physical axis of rotation passes through the aperture (28) or is radially offset from the aperture (28). 8. A wind power device according to any preceding claim 4 to 7, wherein between the swirl chamber (10) and the turbine (50; 50) a cover (27) with an inlet opening (29) leading into the inlet channel (12, 22; is. 9. Wind power device according to one of the preceding claims 2 to 8, having a second inlet channel (121) for introducing the flow (411), which generates a wind on another wall (W) of the building. 10. Wind power device according to claim 9, with a pivotable flap (301a, 301b) for closing and releasing the two inlet channels (12, 22, 121). Wind turbine device according to one of claims 4 to 10, wherein the turbine (50; 50) comprises a stator which has a body directed towards the vortex chamber (10), preferably a cap (53) which is separated from the vortex chamber (10) passing flow (44, 45) can flow around. A wind turbine as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the turbine (50; 50) comprises a rotor with rotor blades (54; 55) and a stator provided with vanes (531) or adapted to operate in operation the turbine (50; 50) supplied flow (44, 45) directly on the rotor blades (55). A wind turbine according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the turbine (50; 50) has turbine vanes (54; 55; 531) whose inclination is adjustable with respect to the physical axis of rotation of the rotor of the turbine. A wind power device as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the turbine (50; 50) comprises a dynamo with dynamo stator (51; 51) and dynamo rotor (52; 52), the dynamo stator (51) surrounding the dynamo rotor (52) or the dynamo rotor (52) surrounds the dynamo stator (51), which is preferably integrated in a fixed axle (58). 15. A building with a wall (W) and with at least one wind power device (1), which comprises a turbine (50; 50) arranged on the wall (W), by means of which the flow (41, 42; 411), generates a wind on the wall (W), electrical energy can be generated. 16. The building according to claim 15, wherein the at least one wind power device is a wind power device according to one of claims 1 to 14. 17. Building according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the wall (W) is a vertical wall or part of a roof. 18. Use of a wind power device according to one of claims 1 to 14 and / or a building according to one of claims 15 to 17 for charging a battery and / or for feeding electrical power into a power grid.