CH656001A5 - IGNITION AND BULLET WITH ONE IGNITION. - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a detonator, for example of the type which is used for torsionally stabilized shaped charge projectiles, and to a projectile with a detonator.

Bullets and detonators of this type are described, for example, in Rheinmetall: Waffentechnisches Taschenbuch, 6th edition, 1983, pages 479 to 481. Such bullets, also named after the inventor, Mr. Gessner, G-bullets, are used as anti-tank defense and have a significant penetration through the tank wall and a high fragmentation effect inside the tank, and are therefore also used as a multi-purpose bullet.

The object of the invention is to further develop, simplify and improve detonators and projectiles with detonators of this type.

This object is achieved according to the invention with the features in the characterizing part of claims 1 and 9.

Embodiments are described in the dependent claims.

The detonator is arranged within the bore 52 in the rotor 50 and comprises two mechanically ignitable detonators 70 and 72, for example M55 tapping detonator set with detonators, which are arranged at a distance from one another in such a way that the detonators face one another. An ignition mechanism 74 is arranged between the detonators. As shown in FIG. 1, this mechanism may include two secondary igniters 75 and 76, spaced apart by means of a disc 78 in which an ignition hole 80 is located. According to FIG. 2, the mechanism 74 consists of a steel ball and according to FIG. 3 it can comprise shot. In the preferred embodiment of FIG. 4, mechanism 74 includes a ring. The 60 detonators 70, 72 are held within the rotor 26 by means of blocking points on the circumference of the bore 52 in the ball rotor 50.

The C-bracket 54 serves as a safety device in the form of a swirl lock for the igniter 32. The 65 C-bracket 54 does not release the ball rotor 50 if the C-bracket 54 is not subjected to a high torque.

The balls 56 serve as a recoil lock and move backwards out of the groove on the recoil.

During the swirl or rapid rotation, the balls fly outward into the gap between the front surface of the base locking plate 30 and the rear surface of the projectile body 10.

The bore 52 of the spherical rotor 50 normally forms an angle of 90 ° with the longitudinal or swirl axis of the projectile. The detonators 70, 72 can only be ignited when the ball rotor 50 is unlocked and preceded, so that the bore 52 is aligned with the swirl axis of the projectile. It is irrelevant which detonator 70, 72 is in the front and which is in the back. The angle of 90 ° gives the longest possible precession delay. In cases with high frictional loads on the rotor, the angle may be less than 90 °, e.g. 87 °, in order to precessional movement of the rotor into its aligned arrangement, i.e. in the unlocked position. Firing also requires hitting a target so that the detonators of the detonators squeeze the trigger mechanism. The projectile recoil forces do not ignite the detonators 70, 72, since these forces are directed at right angles to the detonating surfaces and do not exert any stress on the detonators 70, 72.

The base locking plate 30 has a projection 82 which is provided for engagement with a recess 84 in the ball rotor 50 or with one or the other end of the bore 52 in the ball rotor 50.

The detonator works as follows:

5, the spherical rotor 50 with the detonators 70, 72 forms an angle of 90 ° with the axis of the two additional igniters 28, 32 through the C-bracket 54 and the blocking balls 56. Each of these blocking balls closes a rotation of the spherical rotor 50.

Upon recoil on the projectile, as shown in FIG. 6, the ball rotor 50 with the C-bracket 54 and the locking balls 56, and the rear explosive charge 24 move backwards. The mass of these components, in the event of a recoil of, for example, 30,000 to 90,000 g, destroys the plastic capsules filled with silicone oil or the plastic bladder filled with silicone oil, which are or are arranged behind the rear explosive charge. This causes the oil to flow forward into the front volume of the load. The ball rotor 50 remains in its non-aligned position during the recoil, in which its bore 52 does not align with the direction of the recoil force and the dash-dotted line shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, on which the intermediate igniters are arranged. This is due to the mutual engagement of the projection 82 in the recess 84 of the ball rotor 50. The locking balls 50 are carried backwards during the recoil and fall into the cavity which is formed by the rearward displacement of the rear explosive charge.

As the bullet moves forward along bore 52 or gun barrel and exits the muzzle, it develops a swirl. The centrifugal forces hurl the locking balls outwards from the muzzle to the circumference of the base cap of the projectile, where they remain. The centrifugal forces also break the C-clamp into two parts, which are also flung outwards towards the circumference of the base cap of the projectile.

As shown in FIG. 7, the rotor 50 moves forward, back into its own cavity and can therefore, due to its mass imbalance or unbalance, precess freely into its ready-to-ignite condition, in which its bore 52 with the additional igniters 28, 32 in which Swirl axis of the projectile is aligned. Due to the large displacement angle, this precession requires up to

90 ° a longer period than that of the known ball rotors 50. The direction of the precession is irrelevant. A slow movement of the actuating forces directed forward and the compression spring also drive the rear explosive charge forward, but at a speed which is lower than that of the spherical rotor, due to the high viscous damping forces which delay the movement of the load. This ensures that the rotor is fully aligned with the swirl axis of the projectile before the projection 82 of the plate enters one end of the bore 52 of the ball rotor 50 and locks it in its ready to fire condition, as shown in FIG. 8.

The detonator assembly with the two detonators 15, 70, 72 and the ignition mechanism 74 is now moved a little forward in the bore 52 through the projection 82 of the plate and is stopped by contact with the rear surface of the front auxiliary igniter. In this arrangement there remains a small gap between the front surface 20 of the plate 30 and the rear surface of the projectile body. Upon impact, this gap is abruptly closed by the inertia of the rear explosive charge, and the protrusion 82 of the plate 30 compresses the detonator assembly against the rear surface of the projectile body. In the ignition mechanism shown in FIG. 1, one or the other secondary insert 75, 76 ignites and the shock wave passes through the ignition hole 80 in the disk 78 and ignites the other secondary insert. Each use detonates the corresponding detonator, which in turn detonates its respective detonator 28, 32, which in turn detonates its corresponding explosive charge.

In the case of the firing mechanism shown in Figures 2, 3 and 4, the ball or shot or ring directly causes the firing end of each detonator 70, 72 35 to be fired, which in turn ignites its respective auxiliary igniter 28, 32, which in turn is his the respective explosive charge ignites.

The need for a sufficient delay in unlocking the fuse is particularly important because of the splintering effect of the 40-storey floor, which is hemispherical here. The deadly shell of such a warhead extends behind the projectile explosion site. This is not the case with conventional floors, in which there are no explosive charges behind the ignition elements.

Three factors contribute to delaying the release of this igniter arrangement. First of all, the use of a spherical rotor 50, in which the rest position of the detonator capsule deviates up to 90 ° from the ready-to-ignite position, thus causes a substantial delay when the rotor is unlocked. In the igniter design proposed here, a 90 ° starting angle can be used because the igniter functions correctly regardless of the direction in which the rotor is aligned. This is because the detonator primer is located between the detonators inside the rotor and the exit end of each detonator is on the outside surface of the ball. Since any slight rotor imbalance or system vibration causes the rotor to align even under the condition of a 90 ° starting angle, arming is ensured in this arrangement. The rotor cannot then be stopped in the 90 ° position as long as the frictional forces of the rotor cavity are kept low during rotation with respect to the rotor drive torque. This rotor arrangement delays arming in the order of 15 m.

A second mechanism to delay the arming

656001

doing this detonator training contributes, comes from the action of the damping fluid that is released when the projectile recoil. After the fluid bubble or capsules have been crushed and the fluid has been displaced forward with respect to the rear explosive charge, a finite amount of time is required for the rear explosive charge carrier to move forward before abutting the exit end of one of the rotor blasting capsules arrives. The rotor's alignment process is faster than the forward displacement movement of the rear explosive charge. If the projectile hits a target before the rear explosive carrier contacts the in-line detonators, the detonator will not respond because the inertia of the rear explosive carrier or rear explosive charge carrier and the rotor is not transferred to the detonators. This viscous damping of the rear explosive carrier therefore also contributes to the delay in arming the detonators.

The igniter mechanism has a feature whereby the ball rotor 1 is locked in its safe (out-of-line or non-aligned) condition during storage and transportation conditions, and 2 locked in its armed condition once the rotor is in alignment brought and armed.

In the safe position of the rotor, the projection on the front surface of the rear explosive cap engages in the corresponding recess in the ball rotor. Because the rear explosive cap is held in the safe (position) by the presence of the fluid pack (e.g. bladder or capsule) or the spring behind the cap, the rotor cannot rotate relative to the detonator body and therefore cannot become sharp. This locking occurs in addition to the three-ball safety lock, which is arranged between the rotor and the igniter body.

During the projectile recoil, the rear explosive charge moves backwards together with the ball rotor against the fluid pack, crushes the pack and allows the fluid to be displaced forward with respect to the cap. The rotor remains locked to the protrusion located on the front surface of the rear explosive cap because the recoil g forces or the recoil acceleration forces are very high during this period. When exiting the muzzle, however, the bullet "crawls forward" faster than the rear explosive cap, causing the two to separate. When this occurs (after the C-spring or clip has been released), the swirl forces bring the rotor into alignment in its armed state, and the detonators are brought into alignment with the additional primer charges. Shortly thereafter, the protrusion provided on the viscously damped rear explosive cap presses against the rear detonator of the rotor assembly and locks the rotor, causing this detonator in turn to press against the trigger between the detonators. Since this process is not energetically sufficient to make the detonators work or ignite, the explosive row remains fixed (locked) in this position until it hits. When the target hits the target, the rear explosive charge rams the detonators together due to their inertia, causing the percussion charge to explode or detonate between them. This in turn triggers or detonates both detonators and subsequently the front and rear high-explosive charges.

It was found that the energy required to ignite an arrangement of a percussion cap and two detonators according to the configuration shown in FIG. 1 has a nominal value of 17.92 mm / g and 0.07 m / kg (20 inch / oz or 0.104 ft / lbs) when using two M55 detonators, the sensitive ends of which were in intimate contact with two percussion caps separated by a washer or ring spacer.

The effectiveness of a high-explosive warhead against living targets is considerably increased if the warhead is designed such that both the rear part of the projectile bursts or explodes and there is a bursting or exploding along its cylindrical section. This rearward ejection of body fragments or splinters is particularly effective against standing troop targets when the warhead explodes at ground level. Conventional, high-explosive warhead covers, which hit the earth, mean that almost all fragments or splinters near the point of impact sink themselves into the ground.

In the present warhead assembly, a hemispherical rear body section is used to achieve this increased effectiveness against living targets. The rear explosive charge contained within the hemispherical metal cap on the base of the projectile body also serves as the inertial mass used to make the explosive array work when it hits the target. It also serves as the rotor ball locking mechanism when securing and arming the ball rotor within the detonator.

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Claims (13)

656001 2nd PATENT CLAIMS 1. detonator, characterized in that it has a pair of opposing, longitudinally aligned and spaced apart detonators (70, 72) with their detonating surfaces, and in that an ignition mechanism (74) between the detonating surfaces of the detonating capsules (70, 72) is arranged. 2. Detonator according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a device (38, 40, 42) for compressing the squibs (70, 72) in the longitudinal direction onto the ignition mechanism (74). 3. Detonator according to claim 1, characterized in that the ignition surfaces are sensitive to stings or shocks. 4. Detonator according to claim 1, characterized in that the ignition mechanism (74) has two tapping primers (75, 76) which are spaced apart from one another by means of a disk (78). 5. Detonator according to claim 1, characterized in that the ignition mechanism (74) has a metal ball. 6. Detonator according to claim 1, characterized in that the ignition mechanism (74) has a coarse-grained sandpaper. 7. Igniter according to claim 1, characterized in that the ignition mechanism (74) has a metal ring. 8. Detonator according to claim 2, characterized in that the device (38, 40, 42) for compressing has a stationary (28) and a movable mass (28). ' 9. Projectile with a detonator according to one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it has a front (20) and a rear explosive charge (24) and that arranged between the two explosive charges (20, 24) are the detonators (70, 72) and the ignition mechanism (74) which serve to ignite both charges (20, 24) at the same time. 10. Projectile according to claim 9, characterized in that the front explosive charge (20) is adapted to the shape of the projectile body. 11. Projectile according to claim 9, characterized in that the rear explosive charge (24) is enclosed in a splinter-forming housing (14). 12. Projectile according to claim 9, characterized in that the detonators (70, 72) and the ignition mechanism (74) are sensitive to deceleration. 13. Projectile according to claim 9, characterized in that the detonators (70, 72) produce an explosion power during the detonation both forward and backward, along the axis of the projectile. Exemplary embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. Show it: 5 FIGS. 1-4 four different detonator capsule arrangements, FIG. 5 shows a longitudinal section through a projectile in which a detonator capsule arrangement according to FIG. 4 is installed, in the secured position, Fig. 6 shows part of the projectile of Figure 5, with Zün-lo derteile in the recoil position. Fig. 7 the igniter parts of Fig. 6 in the unlocked position FIG. 8 shows the igniter parts of FIG. 6 in the ready-to-fire and locked position; 9 shows a first variant of the rear part of the projectile of FIG. 6; 10 shows a second variant of the rear part of the projectile of FIG. 6; and FIG. 11 rotated the rear part shown in FIG. 6 by 90 ° 20. 5 shows a projectile with an explosive device arrangement. The projectile comprises a projectile body 10, a projectile edge 12, a rear body part or 25 a splinter-forming projectile floor 14, a guide band 16, a head cap 18, a front explosive charge 20, a flat cone insert 22, a rear explosive charge 24 and a detonator arrangement. The igniter arrangement has a rotor arrangement 26, a front additional igniter 30 28, a base securing plate 30 and a rear additional igniter 32 fastened to the plate 30. A cap 34 holds the rear load 24 on the plate 30 and this structure is free to move back and forth within the cavity 36 formed by the cap 14. The 35 structure is held in its forward position by means of a volume of flowable damping material 38, which in FIG. 5 is made of silicone-filled microcapsules, in FIG. 9 is made of a silicone-filled bladder 40 and in FIG. 10 is made of a bladder 40 plus one Disc spring 42 is made. 40 The rotor assembly 26 corresponds to that according to US Pat. No. 3,608,494 (1971). The arrangement comprises a ball rotor 50 with a through bore 52, a C-bracket 54, and a plurality of balls 56, which are partly in a groove 58 in the rotor and partly in a groove 60 in 45 Projectile body 10 are arranged.