CH422842A - Process for manufacturing a fertilizer for agriculture - Google Patents
Process for manufacturing a fertilizer for agricultureInfo
- Publication number
- CH422842A CH422842A CH365765A CH365765A CH422842A CH 422842 A CH422842 A CH 422842A CH 365765 A CH365765 A CH 365765A CH 365765 A CH365765 A CH 365765A CH 422842 A CH422842 A CH 422842A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- cake
- acid
- fertilizer
- mineral acid
- mineral
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000004443 Ricinus communis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000018936 Vitellaria paradoxa Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 4
- PETSAYFQSGAEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinine Chemical compound COC=1C=CN(C)C(=O)C=1C#N PETSAYFQSGAEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 3
- 108010039491 Ricin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004838 phosphoric acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000016068 Berberis vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000335053 Beta vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930013930 alkaloid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960005419 nitrogen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007065 protein hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Description
Procédé de fabrication d'un fertilisant pour l'agriculture La fertilisation des terres de culture évolue de plus en plus vers l'utilisation de matières organiques associées aux éléments classiques : azote, acide phos phorique et potasse.
La production -du fumier de ferme ne suffit plus actuellement à assurer aux terres cultivées le main tien de leur teneur en matière organique et l'utilisa tion intensive des engrais exclusivement minéraux entraîne une diminution progressive des réserves d'humus au détriment de la structure du sol, dont la productivité future se trouve ainsi compromise.
C'est la raison pour laquelle la tendance actuelle de l'industrie des engrais se trouve contrainte d'envi sager l'apport de matières organiques dans ses formu les, dans des proportions susceptibles d'entretenir le taux d'humus dans les terres cultivées.
Les matières organiques utilisables dans ce but sont principalement constituées par des déchets in dustriels, d'origine animale, d'une part ; d'autre part, d'origine végétale. Les .premières ne sont pas pour voyeuses d'humus et ne présentent un intérêt que comme combinaisons azotées à action progressive, les secondes, par contre, répondent pleinement au but cherché qui est, en fin de compte, la conservation du sol, c'est-à-dire .le maintien, et, dans la mesure du possible, l'augmentation de son taux d'humus.
En conséquence, c'est à l'emploi de matières or ganiques végétales que doivent recourir les produc teurs d'engrais organiques pour répondre aux exigen ces de la conservation du sol. Parmi les déchets in dustriels utilisés, on dispose de résidus de distillerie, tels que les drêches de betteraves et de brasserie, les pépins de raisin déshuilés, les déchets de meunerie, la paille, les résidus de l'industrie du bois, les ordures broyées, la tourbe et, en général, toutes les matières cellulosiques associées à des proportions variables d'éléments azotés, tels les tourteaux de graines oléa gineuses.
Pour être efficaces et pour qu'elles .puissent exer cer dans le terrain une action sufisamment rapide, la plupart de ces matières doivent être partiellement dégradées, soit par un traitement chimique, soit par voie biologique réalisable par compostage contrôlé.
Les tourteaux de graines oléagineuses comptent parmi les déchets les mieux appropriés à la fabrica tion d'engrais organiques en raison -de leur composi tion complexe, à la fois cellulosique et protidique, particularité qui leur confère un rapport C/N très favorable à l'activité microbienne du sol.
Mais la plupart de ces tourteaux sont utilisés comme fourrages et quelques-uns seulement, impro pres à l'affouragement, sont disponibles pour les fu mures. Parmi ces derniers, le tourteau de ricin est particulièrement approprié comme fertilisant en rai son de sa haute teneur en azote ; mais il est toxique par sa teneur en ricine et en ricinine et son épandage présente un réel danger pour les utilisateurs, de sorte qu'un traitement préalable s'impose pour éliminer ces deux alcaloïdes.
Il existe plusieurs procédés à cet effet, notamment le traitement du tourteau moulu par la soude causti que, en solution .diluée, qui aboutit à la formation d'acides aminés par hydrolyse des protéines et à la destruction de la ricine et de la ricinine. Mais ce pro cédé, qui vise à la préparation d'un tourteau four rager, est trop coûteux pour être applicable à la pré paration d'un fertilisant.
La présente invention a pour objet un procédé de fabrication d'un engrais organique, caractérisé en ce qu'on traite un tourteau oléagineux broyé par malaxage avec une solution concentrée d'un hydro- oxyde .alcalin, la masse étant ensuite soumise à une digestion après laquelle on neutralise l'alcali par une quantité stoechiométrique d'un acide minéral de façon qu'il se forme dans la masse traitée un sel fertilisant. <I>Exemple 1:
</I> On traite dans un malaxeur 100 kg de tourteau de ricin avec 30 kg de lessive de potasse caustique à 38 Bé et on ;laisse la masse digérer pendant 24 heu res sur une aire d'entreposage. On titre alors d'alcali libre dont une partie, variable suivant la nature du tourteau, est neutralisée par les acides aminés formés au cours du .processus de digestion.
On reprend ensuite la masse dans ,le malaxeur en ajoutant lentement la quantité d'acide calculée, néces saire- à la neutralisation. On sèche ensuite le produit jusqu'à une teneur de 10 % d'humidité.
On obtient ainsi un engrais organominéral dont les teneurs sont comprises entre 4 à 5 % d'azote, 3 à 4 % d'acide phosphorique, 7 à 8 % de potasse (K20)
et 55 à 60 % de matières organiques.
Process for manufacturing a fertilizer for agriculture Fertilization of cultivated land is evolving more and more towards the use of organic materials associated with the classic elements: nitrogen, phos phoric acid and potash.
The production of farmyard manure is no longer sufficient at present to ensure that cultivated land maintains its organic matter content and the intensive use of exclusively mineral fertilizers leads to a gradual decrease in humus reserves to the detriment of the structure of the soil. soil, whose future productivity is thus compromised.
This is the reason why the current trend in the fertilizer industry is forced to consider the addition of organic matter in its formulations, in proportions likely to maintain the level of humus in cultivated land. .
The organic materials that can be used for this purpose consist mainly of industrial waste, of animal origin, on the one hand; on the other hand, of plant origin. The first are not for humus voyeurs and are of interest only as nitrogenous combinations with progressive action, the second, on the other hand, fully meet the desired goal which is, in the end, soil conservation, that is. that is to say. the maintenance, and, as far as possible, the increase of its humus level.
Consequently, it is to the use of vegetable organic materials that producers of organic fertilizers must resort to meet the requirements of soil conservation. Among the industrial wastes used, we have distillery residues, such as beet and brewery dregs, deoiled grape seeds, milling waste, straw, residues from the wood industry, crushed garbage , peat and, in general, all cellulosic materials associated with varying proportions of nitrogenous elements, such as oilseed cake.
In order to be effective and so that they can exert sufficiently rapid action in the field, most of these materials must be partially degraded, either by chemical treatment or by biological means which can be achieved by controlled composting.
Oilseed cakes are among the most suitable wastes for the manufacture of organic fertilizers because of their complex composition, both cellulosic and protein, a peculiarity which gives them a C / N ratio very favorable to the soil microbial activity.
But most of these cakes are used as fodder, and only a few, unsuitable for animal feed, are available for furs. Among these, castor cake is particularly suitable as a fertilizer because of its high nitrogen content; but it is toxic due to its ricin and ricinin content and its spreading presents a real danger for users, so that a preliminary treatment is necessary to eliminate these two alkaloids.
There are several methods for this purpose, in particular the treatment of the ground cake with caustic soda, in dilute solution, which results in the formation of amino acids by hydrolysis of proteins and in the destruction of ricin and ricinin. But this process, which aims at the preparation of a raging cake, is too expensive to be applicable to the preparation of a fertilizer.
The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing an organic fertilizer, characterized in that an oil cake ground by kneading is treated with a concentrated solution of an alkali hydroxide, the mass then being subjected to digestion. after which the alkali is neutralized with a stoichiometric amount of a mineral acid so that a fertilizing salt is formed in the treated mass. <I> Example 1:
</I> 100 kg of castor cake are treated in a mixer with 30 kg of caustic potash lye at 38 Bé and the mass is left to digest for 24 hours in a storage area. The title is then free alkali, a part of which, which varies according to the nature of the cake, is neutralized by the amino acids formed during the digestion process.
The mass is then taken up in the kneader, slowly adding the calculated quantity of acid necessary for neutralization. The product is then dried to a moisture content of 10%.
This gives an organomineral fertilizer whose contents are between 4 to 5% nitrogen, 3 to 4% phosphoric acid, 7 to 8% potash (K20)
and 55 to 60% organic matter.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH365765A CH422842A (en) | 1965-03-13 | 1965-03-13 | Process for manufacturing a fertilizer for agriculture |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH365765A CH422842A (en) | 1965-03-13 | 1965-03-13 | Process for manufacturing a fertilizer for agriculture |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH422842A true CH422842A (en) | 1966-10-31 |
Family
ID=4260717
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH365765A CH422842A (en) | 1965-03-13 | 1965-03-13 | Process for manufacturing a fertilizer for agriculture |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CH (1) | CH422842A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2653038A1 (en) * | 2012-04-16 | 2013-10-23 | OK Biotech ApS | Plant residues from Sapotaceae trees and uses thereof |
-
1965
- 1965-03-13 CH CH365765A patent/CH422842A/en unknown
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2653038A1 (en) * | 2012-04-16 | 2013-10-23 | OK Biotech ApS | Plant residues from Sapotaceae trees and uses thereof |
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