CH418519A - High frequency surgical apparatus - Google Patents

High frequency surgical apparatus

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Publication number
CH418519A
CH418519A CH164962A CH164962A CH418519A CH 418519 A CH418519 A CH 418519A CH 164962 A CH164962 A CH 164962A CH 164962 A CH164962 A CH 164962A CH 418519 A CH418519 A CH 418519A
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CH
Switzerland
Prior art keywords
frequency
inductance
dependent
coils
generator
Prior art date
Application number
CH164962A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Walter Dipl Ing Krause
Original Assignee
Siemens Reiniger Werke Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Reiniger Werke Ag filed Critical Siemens Reiniger Werke Ag
Publication of CH418519A publication Critical patent/CH418519A/en

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/1206Generators therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00636Sensing and controlling the application of energy
    • A61B2018/0066Sensing and controlling the application of energy without feedback, i.e. open loop control

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Description

  

  
 



     Hochfrequenz-Chirurgieapparat   
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Hochfrequenz-Chirurgieapparat, der mit Anschlüssen für mindestens eine Operationselektrode und eine neutrale Elektrode versehen ist.



   Bei Operationen mit solchen Apparaten treten mitunter Verbrennungen verschiedenen, nicht im Operationsfeld liegenden sowie von der neutralen Elektrode freien Körperstellen des Patienten auf, ohne dass es bislang möglich gewesen ist, die Ursache dieser Schädigungen zu klären.



   Der Erfindung liegen umfangreiche Überlegungen und Messreihen zugrunde, die zur Erkenntnis der Ursache für die genannten Verbrennungen geführt haben. Die Erfindung stellt sich die Aufgabe, anhand dieser Erkenntnis einen Hochfrequenz-Chirurgieapparat anzugeben, der mit Mitteln versehen ist, die derartige Verbrennungen vermeiden.



   Anhand der Figuren soll zunächst die Ursache für die Verbrennungen und danach die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen erläutert werden.



  Hierbei veranschaulichen:
Fig. 1 das Ersatzschaltbild eines üblichen Hochfrequenz-Chirurgieapparates, in Verbindung mit dem Operationstisch und dem Patienten,
Fig. 2 das Ersatzschaltbild eines Hochfrequenz Chirurgieapparates mit Mitteln zur Verhütung der vorgenannten Verbrennungen,
Fig. 3 die Ansicht eines Hochfrequenz-Chirurgieapparates in schematisierter Darstellung, der mit den Mitteln nach Fig. 2 zur Verbrennungsverhütung ausgerüstet ist,
Fig. 4 das Ersatzschaltbild eines Hochfrequenz Chirurgieapparates mit einer anderen Anordnung der Mittel zur Verbrennungsverhütung.



   Die in den Figuren miteinander übereinstimmenden Teile sind dabei mit dem gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.



   Gemäss Fig. 1 bestehen zwischen dem Chirurgieapparat 1 mit dem Hochfrequenzgenerator 2 und dem schematisch angedeuteten Patienten 3 drei verschiedene elektrische Verbindungswege. Der erste Verbindungsweg setzt sich aus der an den aktiven Pol 4 des Generators angeschlossenen Zuleitung 5 mit der Zuleitungsinduktivität 6 und der aktiven Chirurgieelektrode 7 zusammen. Der zweite Verbindungsweg wird aus der an den inaktiven Pol 8 des Hochfrequenzgenerators bzw. die Masse des Gerätes angeschlossenen Verbindungsleitung 9 mit der Zuleitungsinduktivität 10 sowie der neutralen Elektrode 11 gebildet. Der dritte Verbindungsweg schliesslich besteht aus der Kapazität 12, die sich aus allen Einzelkapazitäten zwischen dem Patienten, dem Operationstisch und dem übrigen Operationsraum zusammensetzt, der Erde 13 und der Induktivität 14.



  Letztere ist in der Praxis durch die Selbstinduktionen der einzelnen Leitungen im Netzanschlusskabel gegeben. Diese Selbstinduktionen sind netzseitig über die Installationskapazitäten mit der Erde und an ihren geräteseitigen Enden über die inneren Kapazitäten der Netzanschlussbauteile, beispielsweise über die   Wicklungskap azitäten    des Netztransformators, hochfrequenzmässig einander parallel geschaltet, so dass sie als gemeinsame Induktivität 14 wirksam sind.



  Die in Fig. 1 noch eingezeichnete Kapazität 15 bezeichnet die Kapazität des Apparategehäuses 1 gegen Erde und kann zunächst ausser Betracht bleiben.



  Die Kapazitäten 12, 15, 55 und 56 stellen sogenannte Streukapazitäten dar.



   Die Ursache für die unerwünschten Verbrennungen liegt im letztgenannten Verbindungsweg, und zwar besteht folgender Zusammenhang: Die Teile 9, 10 und 11 des zweiten Verbindungsweges sowie der Patient 3 bilden zusammen mit den Teilen 12, 13 und 14 des dritten Verbindungsweges einen ge  schlossenen Schwingkreis, der nach Massgabe der elektrischen Werte der einzelnen genannten Teile eine bestimmte Eigenfrequenz besitzt. Bei bestimmten räumlichen Anordnungen der einzelnen Teile dieses Kreises zueinander und gegenüber der Netzerde tritt der Fall ein, dass die Eigenfrequenz dieses Schwingkreises im Bereich der Arbeitsfrequenz des Generators liegt.

   In einem solchen Fall wird während des Operationsvorganges durch die dem genannten Schwingkreis und dem eigentlichen Arbeitskreis 5, 6 7 gemeinsame Induktivität 10 der Zuleitung 9 zur neutralen Elektrode 11, in den Schwingkreis 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 und 14 mit dem Patienten 3 Hochfre  quenzenergie    eingekoppelt. Dabei entstehen in diesem Schwingkreis Spannungen und Blindströme, die beträchtliche Werte annehmen können und mitunter wesentlich höher sind als die Spannungen und Ströme, die vom Generator 2 geliefert werden. Damit ist aber die Gefahr von unbeabsichtigten Verbrennungen an praktisch beliebigen Körperstellen des Patienten, zumeist aber an vorstehenden Körperteilen wie etwa Hüftknochen, Steissbein und dergleichen, gegeben.



   Diese Verbrennungen werden nun erfindungsgemäss durch Verwendung von aus Induktivitäten bestehenden Mitteln vermieden, durch deren Wirkung in etwaigen hochfrequenten kapazitiven Nebenschlusswegen (12, 13, 14) über den Patienten 3 nur geringe hochfrequente Ströme fliessen. Zu diesem Zweck können die Induktivitäten entweder in jeden Versorgungsleiter des Generators und in den Schutzleiter eingeschaltet sein, oder es kann mindestens die zur inaktiven Elektrode führende Ausgangsklemme des Hochfrequenzgenerators mit dem Metallgehäuse des Apparates bzw. einem Erdungsanschluss des Apparates über eine Induktionsspule verbunden sein.

   Die Grösse der Induktivität der Parallelschaltung aller Spulen, die in jeden Stromversorgungsleiter und in den Schutzleiter eingeschaltet sind, liegt in einem   Bereich, in    dem bei der Arbeitsfrequenz des Apparates eine Kapazität von 50-500 pF zu einem Resonanzkreis ergänzt wird. Die Grösse der Induktivität der Spule, die zwischen eine der beiden Ausgangsklemmen des Hochfrequenzgenerators und dem Metallgehäuse des Apparates bzw. einem Erdungsanschluss des Apparates eingeschaltet ist, liegt in einem Bereich, in dem bei der Arbeitsfrequenz des Apparates eine Kapazität von 5-50 pF zu einem Resonanzkreis ergänzt wird. Bei Einschaltung der Spule in die Versorgungsleiter und den Stromversorgungsleiter oder den etwaigen Schutzleiter sind die Spulen zweckmässigerweise an der Einführungsstelle des Netzanschlusskabels angeordnet.



   In dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 2 sind die Leitungen des Netzanschlusskabels einzeln eingezeichnet und mit 16, 17 und 18 bezeichnet. Die gemeinsame Kabelumhüllung ist mit 19 bezeichnet. Hierbei stellen die Leitungen 16 und 17 die stromführenden Leitungen und die Leitung 18 die sogenannte Schutzleitung für die Schutzerdung des Gerätegehäuses dar. Die Leitungen 16 und 17 sind mit den Steckern 20 und 21, die Schutzleitung mit dem Erdstecker 23 versehen, welcher mit dem Schutzkontakt 25 in Steckverbindung steht, während die Stecker 20 und 21 an den aus Vereinfachungsgründen nicht mitgezeichneten Anschlussbuchsen des Stromversorgungsnetzes oder auch einer Batterieanlage (z. B. bei Fahrzeuganlagen) in Steckverbindung stehen. Die in Fig. 1 mit 14 bezeichnete gemeinsame Induktivität ist in Fig. 2 in die Teilinduktivitäten 14a, 14b und 14c aufgeteilt.

   In Serie zu diesen sind zusätzlich die Induktionsspulen 26, 27 und 28 eingeschaltet, deren Induktivität wesentlich grösser ist als der Wert der Induktivitäten 14a bis 14c. Durch den Hochfrequenzwiderstand dieser Induktivitäten lässt sich der Widerstand des Verbindungsweges 12 bis 14 so weit erhöhen, dass unbeabsichtigte Hochfrequenzverbrennungen unwahrscheinlich sind. Ein grösserer Effekt wird jedoch erzielt, wenn die Induktionsspulen 26 bis 28 in ihrem Selbstinduktionswert so bemessen sind, dass ihre Parallelschaltung mit der Kapazität 15 des Gerätegehäuses 1 gegen Erde einen Parallelschwingkreis bildet, dessen Resonanzfrequenz etwa mit der Arbeitsfrequenz des Apparates übereinstimmt.



  Hierdurch wird ein Sperrkreis gebildet, der den Gesamtwiderstand des Verbindungsweges 12 bis 14 gegenüber dem Wert bei Weglassung der Spulen 26 bis 28 wesentlich (mehrere Zehnerpotenzen) erhöht.



  Es ist offensichtlich, dass unter derarigen Bedingungen kein für eine Verbrennung hinreichender Stromfluss über die Kapazität 12 bzw. keine zu   Überschlägen    Anlass gebende Spannung über der Kapazität 12 entstehen kann. Um unerwünschte Eigenresonanzen der Spulen 26, 27 und 28 zu verhindern, sind ihre Anfänge oder ihre Enden oder auch beides durch die Kapazitäten 29, 30 und/oder 31, 32 hochfrequenzmässig miteinander verbunden.



   Besonders   zwecksnässige    Verhältnisse werden geschaffen, wenn man die Spulen 26 bis 28 so gross wählt, dass ihre Parallelschaltung zusammen mit dem grössten in der Praxis vorkommenden Wert der Kapazität 15 eine Eigenfrequenz ergibt, die unterhalb der Arbeitsfrequenz des Generators liegt. Hierdurch wird erreicht, dass auf jeden Fall der Widerstand der Parallelschaltung Netzzuleitung und Kapazität 15 kapazitiv bleibt, so dass unter keiner der in der Praxis vorkommenden Bedingungen ein frequenzmässig in die Nähe der Arbeitsfrequenz kommender Schwingungskreis über die Erde 13 entstehen kann.



   Die Spulen 26 bis 28 sind an sich in bekannter Weise aufgebaut. Wegen des Stromflusses in den Leitungen 16 und 17 sind die Spulen 26 und 27 als Luftspulen ausgeführt, die in der Schutzleitung 18 liegende Spule ist dagegen mit einem Hochfrequenzeisenkern versehen. Es ist daher zweckmässig, den Spulen 26 bis 28 jeweils nicht die gleiche Induktivität zu geben, sondern die Spule 28 so zu bemessen, dass ihre Selbstinduktivität wesentlich grösser ist als diejenige der Spulen 26 bzw. 27. Auf diese Weise lassen sich die stromführenden Spulen 26 und 27 wesentlich kleiner und daher mit geringerem Ohm  schen Widerstand aufbauen als bei gleicher Bemessung aller Spulen.

   In einem praktisch ausgeführten Beispiel wurde eine maximale Kapazität 15 des Gerätes 1 gegen Erde von 250 pF gemessen und dementsprechend die Spulen 26 und 27 zu je 80   uH    und die Spule 28 zu 900   aH    gewählt. Bei gleicher Dimension aller drei Spulen müsste jede Spule zu 120   uH    gewählt werden.



   Für eine sichere Funktionsweise sind die Spulen 26 bis 28 in unmittelbarer Nähe der Einführungsstelle des Netzkabels im Apparat anzubringen. Die Anbringung kann hierbei im Inneren des Gerätes oder auch ausserhalb, beispielsweise auch nachträglich, in einem kleinen Anbaukasten oder dergleichen erfolgen. Ferner soll das Netzanschlusskabel so in das Gerätegehäuse eingeführt sein, dass keine nennenswerten Kapazitäten zwischen seinen Leitungen und dem Gerätegehäuse bestehen.



   Im Ausführungsbeispiel gemäss Fig. 3 wurde die Anordnung der Spulen 26 bis 28 innerhalb des Gerätegehäuses 33 mit den Laufrollen 34, 35, 36, dem Handgriff 37, dem Leistungsregler 38, dem Stromartwahlschalter 39, dem Anzeigeinstrument 40 und der Signallampe 41 gewählt. Die Netzzuleitung 19 ist durch ein in einer Aussparung der Geräterückwand 42 eingesetztes Isolierstoffbrettchen 43 kapazitätsarm in das Innere des Gerätes geführt. Die Spulen 26 bis 28, an welche die Leitungen 16, 17 und 18 des Netzkabels in nicht gezeichneter Weise angeschlossen sind, sind nahe bei der Einführungsstelle dieses Kabels mittels Isolierstoffbrettchen 44 und 45 sowie Winkelmetallstücken 46 und 47 an einer senkrechten Trennwand 48 befestigt.

   Die anderen Enden der Spulen 26 bis 28 sind an Lötösen 49, 50 und 51 geführt, die in dem Isolierstoffbrettchen 45 sitzen und an denen die zu den Netzanschlussbauteilen des Gerätes führenden Leitungen 52, 53 und 54 angeschlossen sind. Es ist selbstverständlich nicht erforderlich, dass die Spulen 26 bis 28, wie gezeichnet, als   unterteilte Zylinderspulen    aufgebaut sind; sie können vielmehr in jeder bekannten Art ausgeführt sein, beispielsweise als Scheiben- oder als Kreuzwickelspulen.



   Die Fig. 4 zeigt eine Ausführung, bei der die Netzanschlussleitungen ohne zusätzliche Beschaltung in das Geräteinnere und an die Netzanschlussbauteile geführt sind; die Selbstinduktivitäten der Netzleitungen sind daher, analog zu Fig. 1, wieder als resultierende Induktivität 14 dargestellt. Im Unterschied zum Ausführungsbeispiel in Fig. 2 ist hier der Hochfrequenzgenerator 2 mit seinem für die neutrale Elektrode bestimmten Anschluss nicht unmittelbar an das Gerätegehäuse angeschlossen. Vielmehr erfolgt dies unter Zwischenschaltung einer Selbstinduktionsspule 54. Diese kann mit der Kapazität 55 des der Buchse 8 zugeordneten Ausgangs des Hochfrequenzgenerators gegen das Gerätegehäuse einen Schwingkreis bilden und ist im übrigen nach denselben Gesichtspunkten zu bemessen wie die resultierende Induktivität der Spulen 26 bis 28 bei der Ausführung nach Fig. 2.

   Bei der Ausführung nach Fig. 4 ist ferner die Leitung 9, wie gezeichnet, isoliert in das Geräteinnere zu führen.



   In der Ausführung nach Fig. 4 kann es mitunter zweckmässig sein, auch die Kapazität 56 des der Anschlussbuchse 4 zugeordneten Ausganges zu kompensieren. Dies erfolgt auf analoge Weise wie bei dem der Buchse 8 zugeordneten Ausgang mit der Induktionsspule 57.



   Der Vorteil der Ausführung nach Fig. 4 liegt im geringeren Aufwand, da einerseits weniger Induktionsspulen erforderlich sind und anderseits die Spulen in ihren Abmessungen kleiner gewählt werden können, da keine Netzleistung durch sie fliesst. Ferner kann diese Anordnung auch bei Chirurgiegeräten eingesetzt werden, bei denen die Stromversorgungseinrichtung im Gerät eingebaut ist (z. B. in Form einer Akkumulatorenbatterie) und bei denen der hochfrequente Verbindungsweg des Generators über die Kapazität 15 zur Erde besonders hochohmig gemacht werden soll.   



  
 



     High frequency surgical apparatus
The invention relates to a high-frequency surgical apparatus which is provided with connections for at least one surgical electrode and a neutral electrode.



   During operations with such devices, burns occur on various parts of the patient's body that are not located in the operating field or that are free from the neutral electrode, without it being possible to clarify the cause of this damage so far.



   The invention is based on extensive considerations and series of measurements which have led to the knowledge of the cause of the burns mentioned. The object of the invention is to use this knowledge to provide a high-frequency surgical apparatus that is provided with means that avoid such burns.



   With the aid of the figures, the cause of the burns will first be explained and then the invention will be explained with the aid of exemplary embodiments.



  Hereby illustrate:
1 shows the equivalent circuit diagram of a conventional high-frequency surgical apparatus in connection with the operating table and the patient,
2 shows the equivalent circuit diagram of a high-frequency surgical apparatus with means for preventing the aforementioned burns,
3 shows a schematic view of a high-frequency surgical apparatus which is equipped with the means according to FIG. 2 for preventing burns,
4 shows the equivalent circuit diagram of a high-frequency surgical apparatus with a different arrangement of the means for preventing burns.



   The parts that correspond to one another in the figures are provided with the same reference numerals.



   According to FIG. 1, there are three different electrical connection paths between the surgical apparatus 1 with the high-frequency generator 2 and the schematically indicated patient 3. The first connection path is made up of the supply line 5 connected to the active pole 4 of the generator with the supply line inductance 6 and the active surgical electrode 7. The second connection path is formed from the connection line 9, connected to the inactive pole 8 of the high-frequency generator or the ground of the device, with the feed line inductance 10 and the neutral electrode 11. Finally, the third connection path consists of the capacitance 12, which is composed of all the individual capacitances between the patient, the operating table and the rest of the operating room, the earth 13 and the inductance 14.



  The latter is given in practice by the self-induction of the individual lines in the power cord. These self-inductances are connected to earth on the network side via the installation capacitances and at their device-side ends via the internal capacitances of the network connection components, for example via the winding capacities of the mains transformer, in parallel with one another in terms of high frequencies so that they act as a common inductance 14.



  The capacitance 15 still drawn in in FIG. 1 denotes the capacitance of the apparatus housing 1 to earth and can initially be disregarded.



  The capacities 12, 15, 55 and 56 represent so-called stray capacities.



   The cause of the unwanted burns lies in the latter connection path, and there is the following relationship: The parts 9, 10 and 11 of the second connection path and the patient 3 together with the parts 12, 13 and 14 of the third connection path form a ge closed resonant circuit, the has a certain natural frequency according to the electrical values of the individual parts mentioned. With certain spatial arrangements of the individual parts of this circle to one another and to the network earth, the case occurs that the natural frequency of this oscillating circuit is in the range of the operating frequency of the generator.

   In such a case, during the operation, the inductance 10 of the supply line 9 to the neutral electrode 11, in the resonant circuit 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 with the patient 3, is common to the mentioned resonant circuit and the actual working circuit 5, 6 7 High frequency energy coupled. In this case, voltages and reactive currents arise in this resonant circuit, which can assume considerable values and are sometimes significantly higher than the voltages and currents supplied by generator 2. However, this creates the risk of unintentional burns on practically any part of the patient's body, but mostly on protruding body parts such as hip bones, coccyx and the like.



   These burns are now avoided according to the invention by using means consisting of inductors, through the effect of which only low high-frequency currents flow in any high-frequency capacitive shunt paths (12, 13, 14) through the patient 3. For this purpose, the inductances can either be switched into each supply conductor of the generator and into the protective conductor, or at least the output terminal of the high-frequency generator leading to the inactive electrode can be connected to the metal housing of the device or an earth connection of the device via an induction coil.

   The size of the inductance of the parallel connection of all coils, which are connected in each power supply conductor and in the protective conductor, is in a range in which a capacitance of 50-500 pF is added to a resonant circuit at the operating frequency of the apparatus. The size of the inductance of the coil, which is connected between one of the two output terminals of the high-frequency generator and the metal housing of the apparatus or an earth connection of the apparatus, is in a range in which a capacitance of 5-50 pF to one at the operating frequency of the apparatus Resonance circuit is supplemented. When the coil is switched on in the supply conductor and the power supply conductor or any protective conductor, the coils are expediently arranged at the point of introduction of the mains connection cable.



   In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, the lines of the mains connection cable are drawn in individually and labeled 16, 17 and 18. The common cable sheathing is denoted by 19. The lines 16 and 17 represent the current-carrying lines and the line 18 the so-called protective line for the protective grounding of the device housing. The lines 16 and 17 are provided with the plugs 20 and 21, the protective line with the earth plug 23, which is connected to the protective contact 25 is in plug connection, while the plugs 20 and 21 are plugged into the connection sockets of the power supply network (not shown for reasons of simplicity) or of a battery system (e.g. in vehicle systems). The common inductance denoted by 14 in FIG. 1 is divided into the partial inductances 14a, 14b and 14c in FIG.

   In series with these, the induction coils 26, 27 and 28 are also switched on, the inductance of which is significantly greater than the value of the inductances 14a to 14c. The resistance of the connecting path 12 to 14 can be increased by the high-frequency resistance of these inductances to such an extent that unintentional high-frequency burns are unlikely. A greater effect is achieved, however, if the induction coils 26 to 28 are dimensioned in their self-induction value so that their parallel connection with the capacitance 15 of the device housing 1 to earth forms a parallel resonant circuit whose resonance frequency roughly coincides with the operating frequency of the apparatus.



  This forms a blocking circuit which increases the total resistance of the connecting path 12 to 14 compared to the value when the coils 26 to 28 are omitted (several powers of ten).



  It is obvious that under such conditions no current flow through the capacitance 12 that is sufficient for combustion or no voltage giving rise to flashovers can arise over the capacitance 12. In order to prevent undesired natural resonance of the coils 26, 27 and 28, their beginnings or their ends or both are connected to one another in terms of high frequencies by the capacitors 29, 30 and / or 31, 32.



   Particularly useful conditions are created if the coils 26 to 28 are chosen so large that their parallel connection together with the largest value of the capacitance 15 that occurs in practice results in a natural frequency which is below the operating frequency of the generator. This ensures that the resistance of the parallel connection of the power supply line and the capacitance 15 remains capacitive, so that under none of the conditions that occur in practice can an oscillating circuit with a frequency approaching the operating frequency arise via earth 13.



   The coils 26 to 28 are constructed in a known manner. Because of the current flow in lines 16 and 17, coils 26 and 27 are designed as air-core coils, whereas the coil in protective line 18 is provided with a high-frequency iron core. It is therefore advisable not to give the coils 26 to 28 the same inductance, but rather to dimension the coil 28 so that its self-inductance is significantly greater than that of the coils 26 or 27. In this way, the current-carrying coils 26 and 27 are much smaller and therefore have a lower ohmic resistance than with the same dimensioning of all coils.

   In a practically executed example, a maximum capacitance 15 of the device 1 to earth of 250 pF was measured and accordingly the coils 26 and 27 were chosen to be 80 uH each and the coil 28 to be 900 aH. If all three coils have the same dimensions, each coil would have to be selected to be 120 uH.



   For a safe operation, the coils 26 to 28 are to be attached in the immediate vicinity of the insertion point of the power cable in the apparatus. It can be attached inside the device or outside, for example also afterwards, in a small add-on box or the like. Furthermore, the mains connection cable should be inserted into the device housing in such a way that there are no significant capacitances between its lines and the device housing.



   In the embodiment according to FIG. 3, the arrangement of the coils 26 to 28 within the device housing 33 with the rollers 34, 35, 36, the handle 37, the power regulator 38, the current type selection switch 39, the display instrument 40 and the signal lamp 41 was selected. The power supply line 19 is guided into the interior of the device through an insulating board 43 inserted into a recess in the rear wall 42 of the device. The coils 26 to 28, to which the lines 16, 17 and 18 of the power cable are connected in a manner not shown, are attached to a vertical partition 48 near the point of entry of this cable by means of insulating boards 44 and 45 and angle metal pieces 46 and 47.

   The other ends of the coils 26 to 28 are guided to soldering lugs 49, 50 and 51, which sit in the insulating board 45 and to which the lines 52, 53 and 54 leading to the mains connection components of the device are connected. It is of course not necessary for the coils 26 to 28, as shown, to be constructed as subdivided cylinder coils; rather, they can be designed in any known way, for example as disc or cross-wound bobbins.



   4 shows an embodiment in which the mains connection lines are routed into the interior of the device and to the mains connection components without additional circuitry; the self-inductances of the power lines are therefore again shown as the resulting inductance 14, analogously to FIG. In contrast to the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 2, here the high-frequency generator 2 with its connection intended for the neutral electrode is not directly connected to the device housing. Rather, this takes place with the interposition of a self-induction coil 54. This can form an oscillating circuit with the capacitance 55 of the output of the high-frequency generator assigned to the socket 8 against the device housing and is otherwise to be measured according to the same criteria as the resulting inductance of the coils 26 to 28 in the execution according to Fig. 2.

   In the embodiment according to FIG. 4, the line 9, as shown, is also to be guided into the interior of the device in an isolated manner.



   In the embodiment according to FIG. 4, it can sometimes be expedient to also compensate for the capacitance 56 of the output assigned to the connection socket 4. This takes place in an analogous manner to the output associated with the socket 8 with the induction coil 57.



   The advantage of the embodiment according to FIG. 4 is that it is less complex because, on the one hand, fewer induction coils are required and, on the other hand, the dimensions of the coils can be selected to be smaller, since no network power flows through them. Furthermore, this arrangement can also be used in surgical devices in which the power supply device is built into the device (e.g. in the form of an accumulator battery) and in which the high-frequency connection path of the generator via the capacitor 15 to earth is to be made particularly high-resistance.

 

Claims (1)

PATENTANSPRUCH Hochfrequenz-Chirurgieapparat mit Anschlüssen für mindestens eine Operationselektrode und eine neutrale Elektrode, gekennzeichnet durch aus Induktivitäten bestehende Mittel, durch deren Wirkung in etwaigen hochfrequenten kapazitiven Nebenschlusswegen über den Patienten nur geringe hochfrequente Ströme fliessen. PATENT CLAIM High-frequency surgical apparatus with connections for at least one surgical electrode and a neutral electrode, characterized by means consisting of inductances, through the effect of which only low high-frequency currents flow through the patient in any high-frequency capacitive shunt paths. UNTERANSPRÜCHE 1. Apparat nach Patentanspruch mit einem aus dem Netz gespeisten Hochfrequenzgenerator, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in jeden Versorgungsleiter des Generators und in den Schutzleiter eine Induktionsspule eingeschaltet ist. SUBCLAIMS 1. Apparatus according to claim with a high-frequency generator fed from the network, characterized in that an induction coil is switched on in each supply conductor of the generator and in the protective conductor. 2. Apparat nach Patentanspruch mit einem Hochfrequenzgenerator, der aus einer im Hochfrequenz Chirurgiegerät eingebauten Stromversorgungseinrichtung gespeist wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in die Versorgungsleiter des Generators eine Induktionsspule eingeschaltet ist. 2. Apparatus according to claim with a high-frequency generator which is fed from a power supply device built into the high-frequency surgical device, characterized in that an induction coil is switched into the supply conductor of the generator. 3. Apparat nach Patentanspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens die zur inaktiven Elektrode führende Ausgangsklemme des Hochfrequenzgenerators mit dem Metallgehäuse des Apparates bzw. einem Erdungsanschluss des Apparates über eine Induktionsspule verbunden ist. 3. Apparatus according to claim, characterized in that at least the output terminal of the high-frequency generator leading to the inactive electrode is connected to the metal housing of the apparatus or to an earth connection of the apparatus via an induction coil. 4. Apparat nach Unteranspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Grösse der Induktivität der Parallelschaltung aller Spulen, die in jeden Versorgungsleiter und den Schutzleiter eingeschaltet sind, in einem Bereich liegt, in dem bei der Arbeitsfrequenz des Apparates eine Kapazität von 50-500 pF zu einem Resonanzkreis ergänzt wird. 4. Apparatus according to dependent claim 1, characterized in that the size of the inductance of the parallel connection of all coils which are switched on in each supply conductor and the protective conductor is in a range in which a capacitance of 50-500 pF at the operating frequency of the apparatus a resonance circuit is added. 5. Apparat nach Unteranspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Induktionsspulen an der Einführungsstelle des Netzanschlusskabels angeordnet sind. 5. Apparatus according to dependent claim 1, characterized in that the induction coils are arranged at the point of insertion of the power cord. 6. Apparat nach Unteranspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die in die Schutzleitung des Netzanschlusskabels eingeschaltete Induktionsspule eine wesentlich grössere Induktivität besitzt als die Induktionsspulen in den stromführenden Leitungen des Netzanschlusskabels. 6. Apparatus according to dependent claim 1, characterized in that the induction coil switched into the protective line of the mains connection cable has a significantly greater inductance than the induction coils in the current-carrying lines of the mains connection cable. 7. Apparat nach Unteranspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens die einen Enden der Induktionsspulen iiber Kondensatoren miteinander verbunden sind. 7. Apparatus according to dependent claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least the one ends of the induction coils are connected to one another via capacitors. 8. Apparat nach Unteranspruch 1 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Grösse der Spuleninduktivität auf die bei aem Hochfrequenz-Chirurgieapparat vorliegenden Streukapazitäten derart abgestimmt ist, dass die Resonanzfrequenz des aus den Streukapazitäten und der eingeschalteten Induktivität gebildeten Resonanzkreises etwas unterhalb der Arbeitsfrequenz des Apparates liegt. 8. Apparatus according to dependent claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the size of the coil inductance is matched to the stray capacitances present in aem high-frequency surgical apparatus so that the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit formed from the stray capacitances and the switched-on inductance is slightly below the operating frequency of the apparatus . 9. Apparat nach Unteranspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Grösse der Induktivität der Spule, die zwischen eine der beiden Ausgangsklemmen des Hochfrequenzgenerators und dem Metallgehäuse des Apparates bzw. einem Erdungsanschluss des Apparates eingeschaltet ist, in einem Bereich liegt, in dem bei der Arbeitsfrequenz des Apparates eine Kapazität von 5-50 pF zu einem Resonanzkreis ergänzt wird. 9. Apparatus according to dependent claim 3, characterized in that the size of the inductance of the coil, which is connected between one of the two output terminals of the high-frequency generator and the metal housing of the apparatus or a ground connection of the apparatus, is in a range in which at the operating frequency of the apparatus a capacity of 5-50 pF is added to a resonance circuit.
CH164962A 1961-02-25 1962-02-10 High frequency surgical apparatus CH418519A (en)

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