CH289771A - Machine for cutting a toothed wheel. - Google Patents

Description

Machine for cutting a toothed wheel. The subject of the present invention is a machine for cutting a toothed wheel, in particular for cutting a toothed wheel with coarse teeth in the longitudinal direction, this toothed wheel consisting, for example, of a helical angle toothed wheel or of a underweight. The usual machines for cutting corner wheels and hypoids, which operate on the principle of 1a. intermittent division, are established according to two types: namely rolling by sector and rolling by meshing. In sector bearing machines, a gear wheel sector, which is connected to the wheel to be cut, meshes with a gear wheel sector which is in a fixed position with respect to the tool, and the oscillation of the cradle causes roll one spinner over the other to produce the desired rotation of the part in synchronism with the movement of the cradle. The cradle can be set in oscillation by a cam or an eccentric. In gear rolling machines, the cradle and the spindle supporting the hobbing wheel are both actuated by gear trains comprising interchangeable toothed wheels to synchronize their relative movements and he. A reversing mechanism is provided which periodically reverses these gear trains to cause the cradle to oscillate and the workpiece to rotate as desired. Sector rolling machines are of relatively simple construction, because the reversal is effected by a cam or eccentric which rotates continuously in one direction, and because the synchronization of the movement of the tool and the the wheel to be cut is obtained directly by the two sectors. However, roller bearing machines are more or less specialized machines, because for each different toothed wheel to be cut, at least one different sector is generally required. The number and cost of sectors required to meet the total capacity of the machine therefore render a machine of this type unsuitable for general application.

Gear bearing machines have the advantage that the bearing ratio can be changed. between the tool and the hobbing wheel for different jobs by simply replacing interchangeable toothed wheels which are relatively inexpensive. Nevertheless. In ordinary gear-bearing machines, as said, a reversing mechanism is required, and a reversing mechanism is a complicated device, difficult to synchronize and expensive to construct. it should work regularly.

The machine which is the subject of the invention makes it possible to obtain the advantages of the machines of the sector bearing type and those of the mesh bearing, without their drawbacks, and is of universal use. The machine which is the subject of the invention is of the type comprising a support, a tool-holder spindle rotatably mounted on this support and driven by motor means, a tool with cutting blades fixed on this spindle and a device carrying the wheel to be cut, it is characterized by the fact that the tool holder spindle is adjustable on the support around an axis which intersects its own axis at a point situated in the plane passing through the ends of the cutting blades of the tool.

The appended drawing shows, by way of example, one form of execution of the machine which is the subject of the invention as well as a variant of this form. In this drawing fig. 1 is a side view of the machine with the cover plate of a side of the machine removed to show certain parts.

fig. 2 is a plan view of the machine with some parts broken away.

fig. 3 is a vertical section of the machine looking at the front of the tool cradle.

fig. 4 is a longitudinal section by tielle of the tool holder and representing the first assembly and the control of the tool.

fig. 5 is a side elevational view of the cradle housing brackets, showing parts of the profile generation and feed mechanisms, with some parts cut away.

fig. 6 is a rear view of the same console, with some parts cut away.

fig. 7 is a view looking forward from the consoles, showing details of the transmissions to the control cam and to the divider mechanism of the machine.

fig. 8 is a similar view, but with some portions of the divider mechanism control removed in order to more clearly show details of the divider mechanism itself. fig. 9 is a diametral valve of the modified Maltese cross divider mechanism control device.

fig. 10 is a view showing the advance shaft and the advance lever of the reversing mechanism.

Figs. 11 and 12 are views perpendicular to each other showing in detail the advance and locking levers of the . reversing mechanism.

fig. 13 is a horizontal section taken along line 13-13 of FIG. B.

fig. 14 is a partial section showing details of 1a. cradle control.

fig. 15 is a partial section showing details of the feed mechanism to the machine.

fig. 16 is a cross-section showing details of the mechanism for moving the wheel to be cut between mounting and working positions with the sharp edge perpendicular to it. Gel of fig. 15.

fig. 17 is wie. transverse vertical section by the head of the a. maehine.

fig. 18 is a longitudinal vertical section of the head, but at a smaller scale than 1a. fig. 16.

fig. 19 is a fin machine transmissions selieina. 1.

fig. 20 is a diagram similar to that of FIG. 19, but relating to a variant execution of the machine of 1a. fig. 7..

Figs. 21 and 22 are diagrams showing different positions of adjustment of the tool possible with the devices of the machine.

fig. 23 is a diagram showing how, when the tool is returned to a position, it can represent a theoretical ring gear, that is to say a generatric toothing having a face angle of 90 degrees. - sandstone.

fig. 24 is a schematic view showing how, in another position, the tool can represent a tooth of a generating cogwheel whose cone angle is. significantly lower than 90 de-res. fig. 25 is iin scheina perpendicular to eetix of fi-. 23 and 24, showing a position of the tool when the wheel it represents has positive helix angle teeth.

fig. 26 is a schematic showing how one can adjust the tool with a Laure Pressure Ton angle to have different effective cutting Pressure angles.

fig. 27 is a diagram representing the positions of a tool and a blank of a piston at the beginning and at the end. end of rolling, when running a helical or hypoid angle gable.

Figs. 28 and 29 are a longitudinal section of the tooth recess of a crown wheel or pinion with curved teeth in the longitudinal direction and a perspective detail view of this tooth recess, respectively, showing in furthermore why corresponding parts of the tooth profile are not cut simultaneously along the entire length of a tooth cavity.

fig. 30 is a partial view of a pi- -non angle helicoida.l as Von can t iller On known machines, showing the nature of the passes_ effeetuees On the height of the Profile of the tooth, from tme extremity of the tooth to Fother.

fig. 31 is a corresponding view showing how these Profile passes can be made. be equidistant using the machine of fig. 1.

The machine represented on the first drawing corn- carries a sole 30, one end of which carries a support comprising a fixed retainer 31 (fig. 3). At the other end of the base is mounted a plate 32 (fig. 2) which can be adjusted in angular position on the first base 30. In the first earter 31, a cradle 35 (which is only partially shown in fig. 4) rotates in roller bearings 33 and 34.

A drum 40 is mounted on the first cradle in plain bearings 41 and 42, being able to be angularly adjusted in this cradle at an angle of 360 degrees around an eccentric axis with respect to that of the cradle. A pivoting head 45 is mounted in the drum, in plain bearings 46 and 47, to be angularly adjusted to an angle of 360 degrees eccentric about an axis eccentric to the drum axis. In the pivoting head 45 is mounted, in plain bearings 51 and 52, in order to be able to be adjusted therein angularly around an axis inclined with respect to the axis of the head 45, a rotary #ssupport element 50. The tool-holder spindle 55 is journalled On the Support element 50 Jans of the ball bearings.

The milling cutter or tool C ä, hobbing, established to be RTI ID="0003.0274" WI="10" HE="4" LX="1279"LY="716"> used On the machine, is fixed On tool spindle 55 in any suitable way, for example using a central screw 61 which is screwed into spindle 55. The tool C shown is of a known type and carries a centering disc 62 (fig. , Fixed On its rear face, for example- ä Faide screw 63 (Fig. 3). It leaves cutting blades 64.

The carrier spindle 55 rotates continu- otitil. during the operation of the machine and is driven by a motor 70 (figs. 6 and 19) which is mounted at a suitable point in the housing 31. The armature shaft of this motor is coupled to a shaft 71 is journalled dann the first housing 31 and qtii carries a corner pinion 72 meshing with a corner wheel 73 which it drives. This wheel is mortised on a shaft 74 on which a spur gear 75 is wedged.

The spur wheel 75 meshes with a spur gear 76 which drives and which is wedged on a shaft 77. On this shaft is wedged a spur gear 78 meshing with a spur wheel 79 which it drives. Wheel 79 is keyed on a shaft 80 on which a spur wheel 81 is also keyed. ) which drives and which is keyed or otherwise secured to a shaft 84 which rotates in bearings ä. balls 85 and 86 of a sleeve 87. This sleeve is journalled in a bracket 88 which is fixed, by means of screws 89, to the cradle 35. It is fixed by means of screws 90 to tw. bearing carrier 91 which is journalled in the first casing 31.

Shaft 84 has the same axis as cradle 35. At the inner end of shaft 84 is keyed a spur gear 95 which meshes with a spur wheel 96 which it drives. This wheel is integral with a shaft 97 mounted in ball bearings 98 and 99 of a support 100 which is fixed by means of screws 101 to the cradle.

Shaft 97 has the same axis as drum 40. At its inner end is wedged a spur gear 105 meshing with a spur wheel 106 keyed to the outer end of a shaft 107. This shaft is mounted on bearings ä, balls 108 and 109 of the pivoting head 45. An angle wheel 110 is integral with this shaft, at its inner end, and meshes with an angle wheel 115 wedged on a sleeve 116 which is mounted by ball bearings 117 and 118 on an axle 120.

The axle 120 is held in the axial direction with respect to the pivoting head 45 by a nut 121 screwing onto this axle. A spur gear 125, which is integral with the sleeve 116, meshes with a spur gear 126 which is integral with a shaft 127 journalled by ball bearings 128 and 129 in a sleeve 130. The latter is fixed in any manner. appropriate On the Support element 50.

Wedge on the inner end of shaft 1.27 is an angle wheel 135 which meshes with an angle wheel 136 keyed on a shaft 137. The latter is mounted in the ball bearings 138 and 139 of the Support 50 and its axis is perpendicular to the axis of the tool spindle 55. On the inner end of this shaft 137 is cut an angle pinion 140 which engages with an angle wheel 141 which is fixed, by means of screws 142, on spindle 55, so as to have the same axis as the latter.

The axis 120 has the same theoretical axis as the Support element 50, and the axis of this Support element is inclined with respect to the axes of the pivoting head 45 and of the spindle 55 and it intersects them at smaller equal angles. than 90 and at point a situated in the plane passing through the extremities of the cutting edges of the tool. When Support member 50 is angularly adjusted, axis of spindle 55 pivots about axis 120 and describes a conical surface about this axis. During this adjustment, the toothed wheel 126 rolls on the toothed wheel 125 and the fax of the spindle RTI ID="0004.0277" WI="17" HE="4" LX="1697"LY="484"> tool holder rotates around the top of this conical surfaee.

The bereeau 35 is arranged in a way. be able to pivot first in one direction and then in the other. The tool can be cut during only one pivoting of the barrel in one direction or during its pivoting in the other directions, according to one of the well-known cutting methods.

The pivoting of the cradle is eommande by a rotating cam 150 in the form of a drum (fig. 5, 6 and 19). This cam eom.- carries several groove-eames 151, 152 and 1.53. It is keyed on a shaft 155 mounted on the roller bearings 156 and 157 of a console 158 which is fixed in any appropriate way on the casing 31. The cam grooves 151 and 152 control the movement of the wheel to be cut. to come into contact with Foutil or move away from it, as we will see later. Cam groove 153 controls the tone of the cradle.

A eonic cam follower 160 enters the cam groove 153. 11 is mounted by means of bearings, rollers 161 on the shaft 162 which is fixed by means of screws 163 to the oscillating arm 165. This arm rotates. its lower end, by means of roller bearings 166, on a pin or pin 167 which is fixed by means of screws 168 on the console 158. The shaft 162 passes through the housing 164 of the cam 150 by an arcuate slot <B >169,</B> so that the first roller 160 can engage in 1a. ra- nure-eame 153. Slot 169 is conecentric to the. pivot 167.

A droh toothed seetor 170 is fixed by means of screws 171 to the outer end of the osillating arm 165. This toothed sector meshes with a straight toothed wheel 175 fixed on a pinned shaft 176 in the console 158. The toothed wheel <B >175</B> meshes with a spur gear 178 fixed to a shaft 179 which posts a second spur gear 180. The latter can mesh with a spur gear 181 fixed to a shaft 182 or with a straight toothed wheel 183 fixed on a shaft 184. This shaft carries a second straight toothed wheel 185 which meshes with a straight wheel 186 fixed on the shaft 182. The latter is mounted in ball bearings or rollers 187 and 189 ( fig. 14) of the console 158 and it forms one body, at its inner end, with a hypoid angle pinion 188. This hypoid pinion meshes with a hy poid ring gear 190 fixed by means of screws 191 (fig. 4) On the cradle 35 and which has the same axis as the latter.

Sector tooth 170 (Fig. 6) is held against arcuate guide surface 172 (Fig. 5) by flange 173 secured to cam housing 164 by screws 174 to prevent swinging of pivot arm 165. when he moves. The arc of guide surface 172 is centered around the axis of pivot 167.

The cam 150 makes one revolution per tooth of the wheel to be cut, as will be explained in greater detail below, and the cam groove 153 subsequently operates, through the gear train described, the cradle. , so as to make it oscillate back and forth, once per tooth of the wheel to be cut. Depending on whether the spindle moves first up and then down during a tooth-cutting cycle, or vice versa, the down and then up movement is achieved when the shaft 182 is driven either by the sprockets 180 and 181, or by the sprockets 180, 183, 185 and 186. When the shaft 182 is driven by the sprockets 180 and 181, the wheel 183 can be driven in the opposite direction, the wheel 181 can be removed.

The shaft 182 can be rotated by hand, so as to angularly adjust the cradle 35 about its axis. The drum 40 can be adjusted angularly about its axis by rotation of a shaft 192 (fig. 3) which is journalled in the first cradle 35 and which carries a spur gear (not shown) which meshes with a spur wheel 193 (fig. 4) fixed on the first drum 40. The pivoting head 45 is angularly adjusted in the first drum 40 by rotation of a shaft 194 (fig. 3) which carries a spur gear (not shown) meshing with RTI ID="0005.0278" WI=" 3" HE="4" LX="1098" LY="404"> ec the right wheel 199 (fig. 4) which is fixed by means of screws 202 On the pivoting head 45. The Support element 50 can be set angularly in head 45 by rotating shaft 207 (Figs. 3 and 4) which carries a spur gear 208 meshing with a spur gear 209 fixed to support member 50.

A ring or flange 217, fixed by means of screws 218 to the housing 31, serves to hold the cradle by preventing it from moving axially forward in the housing. This ring is graduated, as shown in fig. 3, so as to take a reading by means of a vernier 21<B>7</B> in order to allow the angular adjustment to be carried out exactly. The vernier is fixed On the 1st cradle. A graduated ring 219 fixed on the cradle 35 and whose reading takes place by means of a vernier 219' fixed on the drum 40, serves to adjust this drum exactly in the cradle. A ring or flange 221 (Figs. 3 and 4), fixed by means of screws 227 to the drum 40, serves to hold the pivoting head 45 preventing it from moving axially, in one direction, in the drum. This ring is graduated in such a way as to allow reading by means of a vernier 221' fixed to the pivoting head in order to allow the exact adjustment of this head in the drum. A ring or flange 229 fixed on the pivoting head 45 prevents the Support element 50 from moving axially in the pivoting head 45. This ring is graduated and its reading is done by means of a vernier scale 299' fixed on the Support 50, to allow exact adjustment of Support Element in swivel head. A clamp 236 which is fixed by means of screws 237 (fig. 4) to the Support member 50 serves to hold the tool spindle 55 in place.

With shaft 84 mounted coaxially with the cradle, shaft 97 mounted coaxially with drum 40, shaft 107 coaxial with pivoting head 45 and shaft 120 coaxial with support member 50, the output can be transmitted to the tool in no time. any adjustment position without having to use telescopic shafts. This achieves maximum accuracy without excessive play in the drive train. The front face of the bereeau and the front face of the drum 40 are parallel and perpendicular to the axes of these two pikes. The front face of the pivoting head 45 is arranged to receive the Support element 50 with the angle tilted with respect to the axis of the pivoting head. The front face of Support member 50 is perpendicular to the axis of tool spindle 55, as seen in FIG. 4.

Cam 150 is driven by shaft 74 (Fig. 19), a spur gear 195 fixed to this shaft meshes with a spur wheel 196 fixed to a shaft 197 which carries a spur wheel 198 meshing with a spur wheel `300, which is fixed On a shaft 201. On this shaft is fixed a spur wheel 203 meshing with a spur wheel 205 keyed On a shaft 206 which also carries an angle wheel 210 (fig. 7, 8 and 19 ) which meshes with an angle wheel 211. The latter is fixed on a shaft 212 mounted in ball bearings 209 and 214 of a console 389 fixed on the casing 31. On the inner end of Far bre 212 is cut a hypoid angle pinion 213 meshing with a hypdid wheel 215 fixed on one end of the cam 150 by means of screws 216 (fig. 5). The transmission is such that the cam 150 makes one revolution per cycle of the machine, that is to say one revolution per side or sides of the tooth.

While one or more tooth flanks are being cut, the hobbing wheel G is driven in synchronism with the bereau. The generating control for the wheel to be cut is made from the shaft 182 (fig. 14 and 19). Keyed to this shaft is an angle pinion 220 which meshes with an angle pinion 221 and is driven. The latter is wedged on a shaft 222, mounted in ball bearings 223 and 224 of the bracket 158 and, on this shaft, is wedged # Good outer end, a right wheel ?25 which meshes with a right wheel 226, the- which is fixed on an a.xe 227 (which pivots in a sector 228 (fig. 5). This seetor can be of ordinary construction; it pivots on a shaft 229 and can be fixed in any adjustment position by a screw 236. Laxe 227 Carries, at the right outer end, a toothed wheel 230 meshing RTI ID="0006.0276" WI="7" HE="4" LX="1634" LY="500"> with a right toothed wheel 231 fixed on a shaft 232 (fig. 13 and 19) which rotates directly on balls 233 in a crank pin 234 which is fixed, by means of screws 235, on the Bonsole 158.

Shaft 232 carries an angle wheel 240 at the right outer end, and this wheel constitutes one of the planetary gears of a differential generally designated as 244 (Fig. 19). The other planetary wheel of this differential is 2.11 and its satellite pinion 242. The latter is geared with the two planetary wheels 240 and 241. The pinion 242 pivots directly, via balls 243, on a planet carrier 2.15 which is fixed, by means of a key and a locking screw 246, on a shaft 248. This shaft pivots on balls 249 placed in the shaft 232, on balls 250 contained in the plane wheel 241 and on balls 251 contained in the console 158. The planetary wheel 2.11 is dune Beule pike with a corner wheel 255 which meshes with a corner wheel 256 (fig. 5 and 19) cut on a shaft 257 mounted in the bearings at balls 258 and 259 of a pivoting pike 260 which is angularly adjustable on the top of the housing 31. On the upper end of this shaft 257 is fixed an angle wheel 262 which meshes with an angle wheel 264 wedged on a Sleeve 266, itself mounted on one end of telescopic shaft 265. Sleeve 266 is mounted in ball bearings 267 and 268 of pivoting pole 260.

On the opposite end 265' (Figs. 17, 18 and 19) of the telescopic shaft is wedged a sleeve 270 mounted in ball bearings 271 and 272 on a pivoting peg 274. This is fixed by means of a flange 275 and screws 276 On a ring 277, itself fixed, by means of screws 278, On the s2iperieure face of the eais- Bon 280 of the head of the machine. On the sleeve 270 is fixed an angle pinion 281 which meshes with an angle wheel 282 fixed on a vertical shaft 284. The upper end of this shaft is mounted inside ball bearings 285 of the pivoting pin 274. Its lower end is in telescopic connection to the spindle with a sleeve 287 which is connected to the ball bearings 288 and 289 of the working head 315 of the machine.

The sleeve 287 is in a beule pike with an angle wheel 290 which meshes with an angle wheel 291 calk on a horizontal shaft 292. spur wheel 293 is keyed to the outer end of shaft 292 and meshes with a spur wheel 294 fixed on an axle 295 mounted in a sector 296. This axle carries another spur wheel 297 meshing with a spur wheel 298 mounted at grooves and tongues on a shaft 300 mounted on ball bearings 301 and 302 of a crank pin 304 fixed by means of screws 305 on the head 315. inside, meshes with a hypoid angle wheel 308 fixed by means of screws 09 (fig. 18) on the carrying spindle 310 arranged to support the wheel to be cut G.

This gear is mounted in bearings ä. rollers 311 and 312 of the workhead 315, itself mounted in the box 280, so as to slide vertically on slides with a flat raised surface 316 and 317. The workhead can be vertically adjusted by rotating the knurled button 320 on which is fixed a graduated dial 321. This button is secured to a screw 322 screwing Jans a krou (not shown) fixed to the head 315. The adjustment of the working head dang 1st eaisson 280 makes it possible to place Face of the wheel to be cut in the same plane as the axis of the cradle, so as to cut a helical angle gear or to place the face of the wheel to be cut above or below the face of the cradle to obtain a hypoid corner wheel. By means of the transmissions described, the hobbing wheel G is driven in synchronism with the cradle to carry out the operation of hobbing the teeth. Wheels 225, 226, 230 and 231 are interchangeable wheels and determine the ratio of the cutter bearing. Wheels 293, 294, 297 and 298 are interchangeable and determine the number of teeth to be cut in wheel G. G makes it possible to drive at high speed both the gear trains of the cradle and of said brocke by reducing to a minimum the effect of possible errors in the toothed wheels in one or the other of these trains. , on the wheel to be cut, which is a very important point nowadays, when toothed wheels must be cut with precision measured in hundredths of a millimeter.

The toothed wheel G (fig. 1) to be cut can be fixed on the pin 310 by any suitable fixing mechanism. This mechanism (fig. 18) can be actuated by a drawbar 325 fixed by means of nuts 326 on a sleeve 327 which is screwed into a piston 328. This piston is mounted to move between two cylinders 330 Bar 325 can be moved rearward into Wheel Clamped Position G or forward into Unclamped Position by means of pressurized fluid, or it can be moved rearward. , in the clamped position, by helical springs such as 332, and forwards, in the release position, by pressurized fluid. This type of clamping mechanism is well known in the art. and it is not necessary to describe it in more detail.

During operation of the machine, the hobbing wheel G is brought into the working position with respect to the tool C, after which the tool and the wheel G roll together to generate one tooth surface or two tooth surfaces. tooth of wheel G, after which tool C is moved away from wheel G and the latter rotates by one division. The mechanism for moving the wheel G, to bring it into the working position and away from it, is actuated by the rotation of the cam 150. This comprises two cam grooves 151 and 152 (fig. 5) which it has already been mentioned. One of these cam slots controls feed and retract movements during a roughing operation and the other cam slot controls feed and retract during finishing. The two cam rollers 341 and 342 engage selectively in the cam grooves 151 and 152 depending on whether Fon wants to perform a roughing or finishing operation. The two rollers 341 and 342 rotate on pins 343 and 344, respectively, which are mounted to slide axially back and forth in cam lever 345 (fig. 5 and 15). On the opposite faces of the axes 344 and 343 are cut serrated edges 346 and 347, respectively. A spur gear 348 is interposed between the two racks and meshes with them. This pinion forms a body with a shaft 349 pivoting in the lever 345 and which can be rotated manually to engage, as desired, one or the other of the rollers 341 or 342 in the grooves 151 and 152 of the drug. When one roller is in Engaged, the other is in the Retracted Position.

The lever 345 pivots, by a trunnion 350 forming a Body with it, in the first cam housing 1E4. A flange 352 fixed by screws 353 to the bracket serves to hold and guide the lever as it pivots.

In an elongated groove 355 of the lever 345 slides in block 356. This block is regulated by means of a threaded shaft 357 which turns in the lever and is screwed into a nut 358 fixed in the first block 356. On a pivot 359 making Body with the first block 356 rotates another block 360 engages in an elongated groove 361 of the extension 362 of a cylinder 363. This cylinder slides in guides or staves in alignment 364 and 365 (fig. 367 can move in both directions in the cylinder 363. With this piston forms a rod 368 connected, by a coupling pin 369, to a bar 370. The pin 369 carries rollers 366 engaged in a cavity. 3271 of the harness 370 connected to a sole or sliding plate 425 (fig. 2) which moves on slideways 431 and 432 of the plate 32 of the machine, as will be described in more detail below.

A pressurized fluid may be admitted to the opposite faces of the piston <B>367,</B> so as to move the sliding shoe 425 away from the tool C by a sufficient quantity to allow the RTI ID to be removed. ="0008.0274" WI="7" HE="3" LX="1472" LY="635"> gear wheel G finished and putting in place a new wheel G, maus, During the 1st cutting of a gear wheel, the first piston 367 is maintained in the position represented on the fug. 16 by fluid pressure, and the alternating advancement and retraction of impeller G is controlled by cam 150, whichever of cam grooves 151 or 152 is in use. The movement of the sliding shoe to come into the mounting position of a wheel to be cut and back to the working position is controlled by a valve or its equivalent (not shown) which can be actuated by a lever 372 (fig. 3).

As stated above, the hobbing wheel G rotates periodically through one division. The dividing mechanism may be of any suitable nature. 11 is operated from angle wheel 210 (Figs. 7, 8 and 19). This wheel not only meshes with wheel 211, but also with corner wheel 375 and drives them. This Liaison is represented schematically on the fug. 19, the toothed wheel 210 being shown in solid form in engagement with the wheel 211 and, in dotted lines, in engagement with the wheel 375. The latter is wedged at one end of a shaft 376 suitably journalled in a bracket 377. With this shaft forms a cylindrical pinion with helical teeth 380 which meshes with a toothed wheel with lateral helical teeth 381. This is fixed by means of screws 382 (fig. 13) to a sleeve 384, of which 1 the outer end is provided with clutch claws at the end coming into engagement with claws provided on the opposite face of a ring 383. The clutch is held in engagement by a nut 388 which is screwed onto an inanchon 389. ring 383 is wedged on this manelion 389. A helix spring 394 surrounds the first sleeve 389, bears against the ring 383 and ends up breaking the clutch. The crankshaft 389 is. eale On a shaft 385 rides in roller bearings 386 and 387 of the bracket 158.

On the shaft 385 are a cam 390 and a control plate 391 on which is fixed, by means of screws 392 (fig. 8) and a pin 393 (fig. 9), a toothed seetor 395 on which a roller 396. The roller is retained on the first seetor by a plate 397 and a screw 398. The roller engages successively in cam grooves 400 and 401 cut in Maltese steel in a plate 402. This plate is eale On shaft 248 (Figs. 8, 13 and 19). On this shaft is also a toothed seetor 404 placed in a cavity of a fairy of the Maltese Plateau -102 and which presents teeth 405 On the diainetrally opposite sides of its axis, and which correspond, respectively, to the grooves 100 and 401.

* The Maltese Cross Plate 402 is held against rotation during cutting by means of a latch 407 (Figs. 7, 8 and 1.2) which engages in a notch in the Plate and is fixed on the a lever 409 rests on an a.rbre 410. The latter rotates in the console 158.

Cam 390 has two cam profiles 423 and 424 (FIG. 10). The lever 409 is held in the locking position with the aid of a two-armed lever 417 which is also on the shaft 410. One arm of this lever carries a roller 419 which bears on the profile 424 of the blade. In the other arm of this lever is housed a spring 415 which bears against the arm 418. This arm 418 rotates on the hub of the lever 417. It carries a roller 416 which bears on the profile 423 of the cam 390 This roller is fixed on the arm 418 by a pin 412 and a nut 413. The stud 406 screws into the arm 418 (fig. 12) and a nut 408 screws onto the stud serve to limit the relative movement of the arm 418 and the lever 409.

Each of Profiles 423 and 424 of cam 390 has a Brand rag on Wax Part. and a Small Radius Circular Portion connected by ramps, but the primary and secondary Dia-Intral Portions of the two Cam Profiles are slightly angularly spaced from each other, in accordance with the angular spacing of rollers 416 and 419, so that the Part of one of the Cam Profiles which is of Larger Radius is in alignment with the Part of the other Profile which is of Smaller Radius, and vice versa. When the first latch 409 is engaged, the first roller 419 is on the upper part of the cam profile 424 and the first roller 416 is on the lower part of the profile of <RTI ID="0009.0273" WI="8" HE="3" LX="1218" LY="712"> cam 423. Shaft 385 rotates continuously and makes one revolution per machine cycle, and cam 390 and control plate 391 rotate with it. When Roller 419 leaves Top of Cam Profile 424 and Roller 416 rides on Top of Cam Profile 423, Lever 409 is pushed outward to disengage Latch 407 from Tray 402. Instead, control plate 391 is free to rotate under the control of gear 213-215. The result is that the first roller 396 engages in one of the grooves 400 or 401 which is then opposite the roller, and the first control plate 391 actuates the Maltese cross plate 402. The first part of the displacement is carried out under the control roller 396. As a result, this movement begins slowly and gradually accelerates. When the two plates 391 and 402 have rotated enough to bring the sector gear 395 into engagement with the teeth of the sector gear 404, the movement continues, but at uniform speed, under the control of this gear. When the toothed sectors 395 and 404 rotate without being in Engagement, the roller 396 takes over control to complete the movements and slowly bring the Maltese Cross Tray to a stop. As the Maltese cross plate 492 rotates, some displacement is transmitted to the shaft 248 which acts through the differential 244 to add this displacement to the movement, or to subtract it, from the shaft 232 which drives the spindle. carrier supporting the hobbing wheel G. As a result, this spindle is advanced by one division. The Malta board makes a U-turn During this advancement, then it is locked again.

The box 280 (fig. 1, 2 and 17) which carries the. working head is mounted on a pivoting plate 420 and so as to be able to eire rule straight in the first direction of Faxe of the spindle suppor ~ as the wheel G along the slides 421 and 42`3 (fig. 2). It is maintenn in any position adjustment inoven T-bolts 423 and 424 (fig.17) which are engaged dann T-slots 427 inenagees in these slides. The casing can be adjusted on the first swivel plate 420, in a known manner, by rotating a shaft (not shown) which pivots in the first swivel plate 420 and which carries a spur gear meshing with a rack 429 fixed under the first casing. by means of screws 429'. Each T-bolt 424 can be tightened or loosened by rotating a shaft 437 by hand. This shaft carries a bevel gear 438 which meshes with a bevel gear 439 which is screwed onto bolt 424.

The plate 420 pivots, to be angularly adjusted, on an x axis (fig. 2) of the sliding plate 425. 11 is provided for this purpose On this last plate a slide 426. The pivoting plate is fixed in any position adjustment by means of T-bolts which engage the arcuate T-slot 428 in the slide 426. be able to be adjusted in a rectilinear manner and to move by sliding On the Plate 32 by being guided by the aid of the slides 431 and 432 arranged On this Plate and by sliding On the rollers 433 and 434 (fig. 3) which are mounted On the face upper and on the sides of these slides. Tray 32 is adjustable an,--i larly On the 1st sole 30 of the machine. For this purpose, a pin 435 is fixed on the first plate 32 and toiirillon in a plate 436 fixed by means of screws 437 on the first base 30.

duations are read next to a i-spur Carried by an ear 438 making Body with 1st base 30.

The rectilinear adjustment of the beam 280 makes it possible to place the work in accordance with the diameter of the toothed wheel G ä. prune. The angular displacement of the Turntable 420 enables the work to be adjusted in accordance with the cone angle of the gear wheel G to be cut.

The machine shown could be adapted to induce an angle gear with curved teeth. In this case, the angular adjustment of the Plate 32 would make it possible to place the RTI ID="0010.0273" WI="14" HE="4" LX="1138" LY="834"> slides 431 and 432, when the only one would be placed so as to represent a wheel with an angle other than a crown, such that the Sliding Plate 425 would move in a direction which will be the bisset of the angle between the opposite sides of the wheel. This would ensure equal wear on the opposite sides of the mine. rne: sure that. pike would not advance ä. not in the mint.

For cutting gears, there are no particular advantages to the machine shown in moving the sliding plate in an inline direction. Tray 32 is fixed at its zero setting, so that slides 431 and 432 are arranged in the direction of the beam of the cradle, and sliding tray 425 moves in this direction to end in Operating position or deviating from it.

As has already been said, one of the special features of the inaehine i-epi-sented is the use of a 150 drive unit to actuate the gear trains controlling the cradle and, the head supporting the wheel ä, cutting and carrying out the first rolling which generates] the Profiles of the teeth. The 1.50 line eliminates the reversing mechanism and allows any desired variation in rolling speed to be obtained during the formation of the Profiles. - no way to take advantage of this possibility of obtaining a

closer, as shown, to the small end of the tooth than to its tip end, because the rolling is uniform and each part of the tooth height rolls at the same speed under the rotating tool. As a result of the mode of operation of machines of the known type, the finish at the end tooth of a helical corner pinion is coarser at the end tooth of the tooth than at its small.

However, with the machine shown, the same finish can be obtained at the end of the tooth as at the small tooth. This result is obtained thanks to the cam groove 153 of the <B>1.50</B> blade which produces a variation in the rolling speed such that the cradle moves more slowly During the generation of the Brande end of the tooth that during the birth of the little one. This result Ast represents In fig. 31, where Fon sees the pinion 465 to be cut, with its teeth 466, its axis 467, the small end 468 of a tooth and its end strip 469 and the flats or cuts of Profile 470 carried out on the offence During the generation. It will be noticed that, On the 1st pinion 465, the generation flats have an equal width Along the whole length of the tooth.

The machine represented still has the advantage of making it possible to use the same cam 150 for all the work which the machine allows to be carried out. The rolling speed for each job is changed in the appropriate way simply by selecting and using interchangeable sprockets 225, 226, 230 and 231 (Fig. 19) of the appropriate ratio in the gear train.

The advantages of varying rolling speed are not limited only to the case where a uniform rolling ratio is used. They can still be used where, for some reason, it is desired to change the bearing ratio during generation, for example to change the shape of the tooth profile, increase the usability of the machine and the like.

A variation in the bearing ratio can be obtained by using the variant embodiment shown in . 1a, fig. 20. This variant includes a variable mechanism indicated in its entirety at 475 In FIG. 20.; This mechanism can be operated from the shaft 182, which is cut for this purpose, by an angle wheel 476 wedged on this shaft and which meshes with an angle pinion 477 wedged on a shaft 478. The latter Carries a 479 right wheel meshing with a 4180 right wheel carried by an RTI ID="0012.0274" WI="7" HE="4" LX="1415" LY="581"> 481 shaft. second spur wheel 482 wedged on it which meshes with a spur wheel 483 carried by a shaft 484. This shaft carries the cam or the eccentric rollers producing the modification of the movement. The head or block which is in engagement with the cam or the rollers and which is actuated by them is wedged on a shaft 485. On this shaft can be placed an angle wheel 486 meshing with an angle wheel 487 fixed On a planet carrier 488 which rotates on the shaft 182. The planet carrier carries a planet gear 489 rotating on it. This pinion meshes with the planetary angle wheels 490 and 491. The wheel 490 is wedged on the shaft 182 and 1a. wheel 491 Ast wedged On shaft 182' which Ast in the extension of the previous one.

The toothed wheels 489, 490 and 491 constitute a differential allowing the modification of the movement produced by the mechanism 475 to be superimposed on the control of the cradle. 0n uses in this ea:s a differential because the Ast cradle ends with a hypoid gear. It superimposes variable motion on the cradle drive, which changes the bearing ratios of the tool and the wheel to be cut during generation. This point is distinct and independent of the modification of the rolling speed which can be produced by the channel 150.

A special feature of the machine shown is the setting of tool C.

fig. 21 schematically represents the zero position of tool C setting. swivel head 45. Support element 50 a. its axis in W. As has already been said, this last axis As is inline with respect to the axis G- of the tool spindle 55 and the soup. The point of intersection is a. It is located in the central plane 500 of the machine.

fig. 22 schematically represents an Extreme Tool Setting Position. In this case, the Support element 50 has rotated about the axis W of the shaft 120 (fig. 4) by 180 degrees. The axis t of the tool spindle. 55 is now tilted about the z-axis of the pivoting head 45 and has rotated about center a of the eone by an amount such that the W of the Support member 50 has become the bisset of the angle formed by the z and t axes. . The plane 501 of the tips of the tool blades is now inclined relative to the center plane 500 of the machine.

When the tool is in the Zero Position of its setting, it can represent, as seen in FIG. 23, a theoretical ring gear 505, ie a Base Tont ring gear. facing a 90 degree apex angle cone, but a slightly less than 90 degree pitch angle. In this case, the tool spindle axis t is parallel to the spindle axis, and the plane 501 of the tips of the tool blades is in the face plane of the crown. When the tool is in this position, tooth surfaces are generated on the wheel to be cut, which are combined with the theoretical crown.

By adjusting the pivoting head 45 and the Support element 50, the tool can be positioned so as to represent a tapered gear wheel cut to the jig, and the corresponding gear wheel can be generated by being combined with this wheel. gear, or the tool can be positioned so as to cut a gear wheel having a pressure angle different from the pressure angle of the tool.

fig. 24 shows the tool positioned so as to. represent a tooth of a gear wheel 510 whose pitch angle is much less than 90 degrees. In this case, the axis t of the tool spindle is inclined at an acute angle on the axis y of the cradle which represents the axis of the toothed wheel 510, and the plane <B>501</B> of the tips of the tool is tangent to the surface 511 of the eonic face of the generating tooth wheel. When Potitil and the draft; rotate together in the machine, producing on the left tooth surfaces which mate with the tooth surfaces of the sprocket 510: FIG. 26. shows schematically com-; ment, by angular adjustment of the pivoting head 45 and of the support element 50, a tool C, with lateral cutting edges 515 and 51.6, can be placed under a certain angle of pressure, so as to represent a tooth, of a generating toothed wheel 517, whose opposite sides of these teeth have a different pressure angle. In this case, the axis t of the tool spindle is inelined by the addition to the axis y of the cradle and the generating wheel 517, of the quantity desired to achieve the angle of pressure necessary on the wheel to be cut in the generating bearing. . With inclinations of different value, the same tool can be placed in such a way as to cut sprockets having different pressure angles. The construction of the machine shown not only provides rigidity in mounting the tool, but simplifies the calculation of tool settings. So far, by tilting the tool about an axis intersecting the tool spindle at a point approximately midway along that spindle, the effect, at the tool tip, of any angular adjustment around that axis should be calculated. and realize. By tilting the tool around a point where the axis of the Support element meets the axis of the tool spindle, the angle of inclination can be determined directly.

The generating toothed wheel represented by the tool can obviously have teeth of any helix angle. fig. 25 shows the tool positioned to represent a base gear 520 with the longitudinally curved teeth 521 having a positive helix angle. The axis t of the tool spindle is offset in relation to the axis y of the cradle and the Base gear wheel and it is placed angularly with respect to the axis y, so that the tool, when turning, represents a tooth 521 and generates on the wheel to be cut teeth combined with this toothed wheel of bare 520. This Position of the tool-holder spindle is obtained by -adjustment of the drum 40 and the cradle 35. The adjustment of the drum 40 gives the radial Position desired axis of the tool spindle with respect to the axis of the cradle, and the adjustment of the cradle brings this spindle into the desired angular position around the axis of the cradle.

The operation of the machine shown can be understood from the foregoing description, but it will be briefly summarized. Assuming Tool C is properly located relative to Rod G, by adjustment of Cradle 35, Drum 40, Swivel Head 45 and Support Member 50, and that the workpiece has a suitable kg - m.ent plack by adjusting the plate 32, the sliding plate 425, the pivoting plate 420, the box 280 and the working head 315, and that the toothed wheel G to be cut has been put in place and tightened, the Premiere The operation to be carried out is to bring the wheel G from the positioning position to the working position by moving the piston 367 (fig. 16). The motor 70 is then started up (FIG. 19). Cam 150 begins to rotate and cam groove 151 or 152, depending on which is in use and whether the wheel is to be roughed or finished, rotates lever 345 (Fig. 15) to bring wheel G into position. Working position in relation to the tool. The cam groove 153 can have such a shape that it keeps the cradle and the wheel G stationary during this advance or it can be done during the first part of the generation bearing. In any case, when the active part of the groove 153 of the cam 150 begins to act, the generation bearing begins and the cradle and the wheel G rotate around their respective axes by means of the gear trains. the gears shown in fig. 19. Cam 150 makes use. turn by cycle and operates the gear trains first in one direction and then in the other. If the wheel to be hobbed is to be hobbed in one direction only, the cam grooves 151 and 152 are so shaped as to cause the wheel G to retract from the tool during return rolling. If the wheel G is to be trimmed during both the forward and reverse rolls, the cam grooves 151 and 152 are shaped to effect withdrawal near the end of the return roll. When rotte G has been moved away from the tool, the Maltese cross plate 402 (fig. 7) is released, so that it can be driven by the control pike 391 to overlap, > by means of the differential. tiel 244 (fig. 13 and<B>19),</B> an algebraic movement On wheel G to make it turn by one division. When this rotation is complete, the Maltese pin is locked again and the wheel to be cut is locked. move back to Working Position relative to the tool to start a new cycle. When the machine a performs as many cycles as there are teeth in the wheel ä. cut, the automatic stop 525 (fig. 6) is activated and the machine is stopped. Piston 367 (Fig. 16) is then actuated to return Sliding Plate 425 to the Mixing Position in place and the completed sprocket is loosened and removed from the machine and fixed therein a new blank to be cut.

The automatic butk 525 can be of an ordinary type. It is fixed on the first cam housing 164 (FIG. 6) and it is actuated by a thrust member 526, similar to a cam, which is fixed on the rear face of the cam 150 and which has it at each turn of the latter, that is to say once per cycle, to cause the lever 527 to rotate about its pivot 528 and to advance the stopper mechanism one step. Laxe 528 threads into housing 164.

In addition to the advantages mentioned above, the fact that we pr 6v oit Jans a single eame 150 of the cam grooves of advance and generation simplifies the construetion of the first; machine and makes it compact. The inversion of the generating trains is done smoothly and easily by means of 1a. Cam Groove <B>153.</B> Sliding Table 425 is adjustable to compensate for change in height of cutting blades due to sharpening. This setting can be done ä. the usual way. Bar 370 can be connected by Screw Threads to Sliding Plate 425 and a scaled dial 530 (Fig. 2) can be used to determine the effective length of this Bar and subsequently adjust the wheel to cut it closer to or further from the tool as desired.

The machine shown includes a cutting tool C, but it is possible, as mentioned above, to adapt it to the grinding of bevel gear wheels with curved teeth in the longitudinal direction.

Claims (11)

CLAIM: Machine for cutting a toothed wheel, of the t@-pe comprising a Support, a rotatably mounted tool holder brocke On this Support and driven by motor means, a tool ä. fixed cutting blades On this brooch, and a device carrying the wheel to be cut, characterized by the fact that the tool-carrying brooch is adjustable On the Support around an axis which intersects its own axis at a point located Jans 1e plane Passing through the ends of the cutting blades of the tool. SUB-CLAIMS 1. Machine according to claim, characterized in that the tool-holder brooch is adjustable on the support with respect to a second axis which intersects the first adjustment axis at said point located in plane Passing through the ends of the cutting blades of the tool. 2. Machine according to claim and sub-claim 1, characterized in that the support comprises a pivoting head, fitted so as to be angularly adjustable on the first support, and a rotating support element, angularly adjustable in the pivoting head, and in that the Faxe around which this Support element is adjustable cuts the Faxe of the tool-holder bracket and that around which the pivoting head is adjustable, under equal angles smaller than 90 of sandstone and at said point located in the Passart plane by the ends of the cutting blades of the tool. 3. Machine according to claim and sub-claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the rotary support element and the pivoting head are arranged to be angularly adjustable at angles of 360 degrees. 4. Machine according to claim and sub-claims 1 to 3, characterized by the fact that the first support comprises a drum, a cradle on which the first drum is moved eccentrically in order to be able to be adjusted angularly on an angular path of 360 degrees, and a casing on which the first cradle is adjustable in rotation according to RTI ID="0015.0269" WI="4" HE="4" LX="1588"LY="860"> an angle of 360 degrees, the adjustment axes of the cradle and drum being parallel but offset from each other, and the pivoting head being mounted eccentrically in the drum to effect its angular adjustment, and the pivoting head being parallel to the pivoting head. drum, but offset from ä - the latter. 5. Machine according to claim and 1st sub-claims 1 to 4, characterized by the fact that it comprises means for rotating the 1st cradle in synchronism with the rotation of a rotary member arranged to carry the toothed wheel to be cut as com- takes said device, while the tool rotates in engagement with this wheel, so as to generate tooth profiles on the latter, and by the fact that the motor means for driving the tool holder chuck comprise a shaft rotating in the housing coaxially with the cradle, a rotating shaft in the cradle coaxially with the drum, a rotating shaft in the swiveling head coaxially with this head, a rotating shaft in the swiveling head coaxially with the rotating Support element, gears connecting the different shafts, and at least one gear connecting the last shaft to the tool chuck. 6. Machine according to claim and sub-claims 1 to 4, characterized by the fact that said device comprises a working head having a carrying spindle arranged to support the toothed wheel to be cut and rotating in this head, a mobile plate on which the working head is mounted, and by the fact that it comprises means making it possible to rotate the cradle and the carrier spindle in synchronism, the means being provided so as to gradually modify the speed of this movement relative synchronized, so that the generating passes carried out on the wheel to be cut are of the same width all along the side of a tooth, from the small end to the large end of the latter. 7. Machine according to claim and] the sub-claims 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6, characterized by the fact that the means for rotating the first cradle and the carrying spindle in synchronism comprise a rotating cam and gear trains arranged to connect this cam to the carrying spindle and to the cradle. B. Machine according to claim and sub-claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7, characterized in that the rotating cam is set up so as to rotate the cradle and the carrying spindle first in one direction and then in the other, with each revolution of the cam, additional movements being applied periodically to that of the gear trains which actuates the carrying spindle so as to cause this spindle to rotate. of a division, and the latter gear train comprising interchangeable wheels. 9. Machine according to claim and sub-claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 and 8, characterized by the fact that said gear trains comprise a common pivoting straight gear to the rotating cam. 10. Machine according to claim and sub-claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8 and 9, characterized in that the rotating cam is established so that the speeds of the movement of the cradle and carrier pin vary gradually as the cradle moves in one direction. 11. Machine according to claim and sub-claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10, characterized by the fact that it comprises means provided for modifying the ratio of the displacements of the carrying spindle and of the cradle During the generation of the Profiles of the teeth.