CH283501A - Hot-spinning process for metals. - Google Patents

Hot-spinning process for metals.

Info

Publication number
CH283501A
CH283501A CH283501DA CH283501A CH 283501 A CH283501 A CH 283501A CH 283501D A CH283501D A CH 283501DA CH 283501 A CH283501 A CH 283501A
Authority
CH
Switzerland
Prior art keywords
ingot
spinning process
fiberglass
process according
sub
Prior art date
Application number
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Comptoir Industriel D E Metaux
Original Assignee
Comptoir Ind Etirage
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Comptoir Ind Etirage filed Critical Comptoir Ind Etirage
Publication of CH283501A publication Critical patent/CH283501A/en

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M7/00Solid or semi-solid compositions essentially based on lubricating components other than mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use as lubricants; Use as lubricants of single solid or semi-solid substances
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21CMANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/32Lubrication of metal being extruded or of dies, or the like, e.g. physical state of lubricant, location where lubricant is applied
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/12Glass
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20Metal working
    • C10N2040/24Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20Metal working
    • C10N2040/241Manufacturing joint-less pipes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20Metal working
    • C10N2040/242Hot working
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20Metal working
    • C10N2040/243Cold working
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20Metal working
    • C10N2040/244Metal working of specific metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20Metal working
    • C10N2040/244Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/245Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20Metal working
    • C10N2040/244Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/246Iron or steel
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20Metal working
    • C10N2040/244Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/247Stainless steel
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/08Solids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/10Semi-solids; greasy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4981Utilizing transitory attached element or associated separate material
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4981Utilizing transitory attached element or associated separate material
    • Y10T29/49812Temporary protective coating, impregnation, or cast layer

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Description

  

  <B>Procédé de filage à chaud de métaux.</B>    On a décrit dans le brevet     suisse    N  234397  pour  Procédé de filage à chaud de métaux   un procédé de filage à chaud de métaux diffi  cilement     filables,        dans    lequel on     interpose     entre le lingot et l'outillage de la presse, en  particulier la filière, une matière fondant       partiellement    ou totalement sous l'effet de la  chaleur du lingot tout. en restant visqueuse,  par exemple un verre, un oxyde, un sel ou un  laitier répondant à ces conditions.  



  Ainsi qu'il a été exposé dans     les    brevets  additionnels     suisses        N e    238086 et 253884, il       est    souvent avantageux de donner à la filière  ou au fond du conteneur diverses formes qui  <B>ne</B> permettent plus     d'assimiler    la partie située  du côté du lingot à une surface plane. Mais       certaines    difficultés se présentent lorsqu'on  applique sur cette surface une plaque de  verre plane.  



  L'expérience montre en particulier que le  choc mécanique et thermique entre le lingot  et la plaque de verre arrive à briser cette  dernière en de nombreux morceaux qui ne  recouvrent plus la filière d'une manière uni  forme au début de l'opération de filage. Dans       ces        conditions,    certaines parties de la filière  ne sont plus ou sont mal lubrifiées et l'on  constate l'apparition     d'usures    souvent dé  crites.  



  La présente invention, due aux travaux  de M.     -Jacques        Sejournet,    et qui permet de       remédier    à ces inconvénients, constitue un    perfectionnement au procédé faisant l'objet  du brevet susvisé et de ses     additions.    Elle  consiste en un procédé de filage à chaud de  métaux par interposition, entre le lingot à  filer et au moins une partie de l'outillage de  la     presse,    d'une matière lubrifiante fondant  partiellement ou totalement     sous    l'action de       la,    chaleur du lingot tout en restant vis  queuse, de telle faon que, fondue,

   cette ma  tière forme entre le métal et l'outillage une  couche     lubrifiante    s'écoulant. avec le métal  pendant l'opération- de filage, procédé dans  lequel au moins une partie de ladite matière  est une     masse        fibreuse.     



  L'invention est de préférence réalisée en  combinant pour la     lubrification    une ou plu  sieurs     plaques    d'un matériau de lubrification  fondant partiellement ou totalement sous     l'ae-          t.ion    de la chaleur du lingot tout en restant  visqueux avec un ou plusieurs paquets de  fibres du même ou d'un autre matériau avant  sensiblement. cette même qualité.  



  Elle donne des résultats particulièrement  intéressants dans le cas où l'on utilise une ou       plusieurs    plaques de verre en combinaison  avec un ou plusieurs paquets de fibre de  verre. L'expérience montre que dans ces con  ditions le choc thermique et mécanique est  amorti et que, sous l'influence de la pression  du lingot, le paquet de fibre de verre et la  plaque de verre se déforment de manière con  tinue et     recouvrent.    uniformément les di-           verses    parties de la filière et du porte-filière  avant le commencement de l'opération de  filage.  



  Tous les inconvénients dus à une lubrifi  cation irrégulière disparaissent et l'on cons  tate que les formes de filières ou de     porte-          filières    les     plus    compliquées peuvent, par ce  moyen, être convenablement lubrifiées.  



  Le mot  paquet  ne doit pas s'entendre  ici d'un élément confectionné au préalable,  mais simplement d'une certaine quantité de  fibre, prélevée sur une masse en vrac et. ca  ractérisée principalement par sa consistance  et son poids.  



  On place de préférence un paquet de fibre  de verre entre une plaque de verre et la  filière. On peut aussi placer ce paquet entre  le lingot et la, plaque de verre.  



  On peut également. placer une plaque de  verre entre deux paquets de fibre de verre.  On peut     aussi    interposer entre l'outillage de  la presse et le lingot une ou plusieurs plaques  de verre et un ou plusieurs paquets de fibre  de verre     dans    un ordre quelconque.  



  On peut enfin placer, entre l'outillage de  la. presse et le lingot, uniquement un paquet  de fibre de verre de volume suffisant,     sans     interposition de plaque de verre.  



  Au dessin ci-joint, on a représenté deux  exemples de réalisation de l'invention. Dans  ce dessin: _       Fig.    1 représente la mise en place d'un  paquet de fibre de verre entre la filière et la  plaque de verre avant filage.  



       Fig.    2 représente une opération de filage  dans laquelle on a préalablement interposé  entre le lingot et la filière une plaque de verre  entre deux paquets de fibre de verre.  



  Dans ces figures, 1 désigne le conteneur,  2 le poussoir, 3 le lingot, 4 le ou les paquets  de fibre de verre, 5 la plaque de verre et 6  la filière creuse. Enfin, dans la     fig.    2, 7 dé  signe la barre filée.  



       Dans        tous    les cas le volume du paquet de  fibre de verre doit, de préférence, être choisi  d'autant plus grand que l'épaisseur totale des  plaques de verre est     phis    faible.    Ce volume doit être d'autant plus grand  que la partie concave de la filière est     elle-          même    plus grande.  



  Les exemples ci-dessous illustrent cette  condition       ExemplE,   <I>1:</I>  On a filé, sur une presse de<B>1500</B> tonnes,  cinquante barres de section plate 45X 18     min     à partir d'un lingot d'acier     doux:    ayant un  diamètre de 145 mm, et, une     longueur    de  700 mm, dans un conteneur ayant un dia  mètre de 155 mm. La filière creuse présen  tait une concavité dont la profondeur était  de 30 mm. On a utilisé pour la lubrification  un paquet de fibre de verre ayant un dia  mètre de 150 mm et une épaisseur de 50     mm     placé contre la filière et une plaque de verre  ayant un diamètre de 150 mm. et une épais  seur de 3 mm placée contre le lingot.  



  On a obtenu des barres sans défauts et  l'outillage n'avait subi aucune usure appré  ciable.  



  <I>Exemple 2:</I>  On a filé sur une presse de 600 tonnes  soixante-cinq barres de section carrée       22X22    mm à partir d'un lingot d'acier     demi-          dur    ayant un diamètre de 120 mm et une  longueur de 600 mm     dans    un conteneur ayant  un diamètre de 128 mm. La filière creuse pré  sentait une concavité :dont la profondeur était  de 12 mm.  



  On a utilisé, pour la     lubrification,    une  plaque de verre ayant un diamètre de 120     mur     et une épaisseur de 3,5 mm placée entre deux  paquets .de fibre de verre ayant un diamètre  de 120 mm et une épaisseur de 15 mm.  



  On a obtenu des barres sans défauts et  l'outillage pouvait encore être utilisé pour le  filage d'autres barres.



  <B> Method for hot spinning of metals. </B> In Swiss patent No. 234397 for Method for hot spinning of metals, a process for hot spinning of difficult to spinnable metals has been described, in which the ingot and the tooling of the press, in particular the die, a material that partially or totally melts under the effect of the heat of the entire ingot. by remaining viscous, for example a glass, an oxide, a salt or a slag meeting these conditions.



  As was explained in additional Swiss patents N e 238086 and 253884, it is often advantageous to give the die or the bottom of the container various shapes which <B> no </B> allow the part to be assimilated. located on the ingot side to a flat surface. However, certain difficulties arise when a flat glass plate is applied to this surface.



  Experience shows in particular that the mechanical and thermal shock between the ingot and the glass plate manages to break the latter into numerous pieces which no longer cover the die in a uniform manner at the start of the spinning operation. Under these conditions, some parts of the die are no longer or are poorly lubricated and the appearance of often described wear is observed.



  The present invention, due to the work of M. -Jacques Sejournet, and which overcomes these drawbacks, constitutes an improvement to the process forming the subject of the aforementioned patent and its additions. It consists of a process for hot spinning of metals by interposing, between the ingot to be extruded and at least part of the tooling of the press, a lubricating material which melts partially or completely under the action of the heat of the press. ingot while remaining viscous, in such a way that, when melted,

   this material forms between the metal and the tool a lubricating layer which flows. with the metal during the spinning operation, in which process at least part of said material is a fibrous mass.



  The invention is preferably carried out by combining for lubrication one or more plates of a lubricating material which melts partially or completely under the aeration of the heat of the ingot while remaining viscous with one or more packets of lubricating material. fibers of the same or another material before substantially. that same quality.



  It gives particularly advantageous results in the case where one or more glass plates are used in combination with one or more bundles of fiberglass. Experience shows that under these conditions the thermal and mechanical shock is damped and that, under the influence of the ingot pressure, the fiberglass bundle and the glass plate continuously deform and overlap. the various parts of the die and the die holder evenly before the start of the spinning operation.



  All the disadvantages due to irregular lubrication disappear and it is found that the more complicated shapes of dies or die holders can by this means be suitably lubricated.



  The word packet should not be understood here of an element made beforehand, but simply of a certain quantity of fiber, taken from a bulk mass and. This is mainly characterized by its consistency and weight.



  Preferably, a fiberglass bundle is placed between a glass plate and the die. This package can also be placed between the ingot and the glass plate.



  We can also. place a glass plate between two bundles of fiberglass. It is also possible to interpose between the tooling of the press and the ingot one or more glass plates and one or more bundles of fiberglass in any order.



  We can finally place, between the tools of the. press and ingot, only a fiberglass bundle of sufficient volume, without the interposition of glass plate.



  In the accompanying drawing, two embodiments of the invention have been shown. In this drawing: _ Fig. 1 shows the placement of a fiberglass bundle between the die and the glass plate before spinning.



       Fig. 2 shows a spinning operation in which a glass plate has been interposed between the ingot and the die beforehand between two bundles of fiberglass.



  In these figures, 1 designates the container, 2 the pusher, 3 the ingot, 4 the fiberglass bundle (s), 5 the glass plate and 6 the hollow die. Finally, in fig. 2, 7 dice sign the drawn bar.



       In all cases, the volume of the bundle of fiberglass should preferably be chosen all the greater as the total thickness of the glass plates is smaller. This volume must be all the greater as the concave part of the die is itself larger.



  The examples below illustrate this condition Example, <I> 1: </I> We spun, on a <B> 1500 </B> ton press, fifty bars of 45X 18 min flat section from a mild steel ingot: having a diameter of 145 mm, and, a length of 700 mm, in a container having a diameter of 155 mm. The hollow die had a concavity with a depth of 30 mm. A bundle of glass fiber having a diameter of 150 mm and a thickness of 50 mm placed against the die and a glass plate having a diameter of 150 mm was used for the lubrication. and a thickness of 3 mm placed against the ingot.



  Flawless bars were obtained and the tooling had not undergone any appreciable wear.



  <I> Example 2: </I> Sixty-five bars of 22X22 mm square section were spun on a 600 ton press from a semi-hard steel ingot having a diameter of 120 mm and a length of 600 mm in a container having a diameter of 128 mm. The hollow die had a concavity: the depth of which was 12 mm.



  A glass plate having a diameter of 120 walls and a thickness of 3.5 mm placed between two bundles of fiberglass having a diameter of 120 mm and a thickness of 15 mm was used for the lubrication.



  Bars without defects were obtained and the tooling could still be used for the spinning of other bars.

 

Claims (1)

REVENDICATION: Procédé de filage à chaud de métaux, dans lequel on interpose entre le lingot à filer et. au moins une partie de l'outillage une matière lubrifiante fondant au moins par tiellement sous l'effet de la chaleur du lingot en restant visqueuse, de telle façon que, fon due, cette matière forme entre le métal et l'outillage une couche lubrifiante s'écoulant avec le métal pendant l'opération de filage, procédé caractérisé en ce que au moins une partie de ladite matière est une masse fibreuse. SOUS-REVENDICATIONS 1. CLAIM: A method of hot metal extrusion, in which the ingot to be extruded and. at least part of the tooling a lubricating material melting at least partially under the effect of the heat of the ingot while remaining viscous, so that, basically, this material forms between the metal and the tool a lubricating layer flowing with the metal during the spinning operation, characterized in that at least part of said material is a fibrous mass. SUB-CLAIMS 1. Procédé de filage selon la revendica tion, caractérisé en ce que l'on combine une ou plusieurs plaques d'un matériau fondant au moins partiellement sous l'action de la chaleur du lingot tout en restant visqueux, avec un ou plusieurs paquets de fibres ayant sensiblement cette même qualité. 2. Procédé de filage selon la revendication et la sous-revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise une ou plusieurs plaques de verre en combinaison avec un ou plusieurs paquets de fibre de verre. 3. Procédé de filage selon la revendication et les sous-revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce qu'un paquet de fibre de verre est placé contre la filière. 4. Spinning process according to claim, characterized in that one or more plates of a material melting at least partially under the action of the heat of the ingot while remaining viscous is combined with one or more bundles of fibers having substantially the same quality. 2. A spinning process according to claim and sub-claim 1, characterized in that one or more glass plates are used in combination with one or more bundles of fiberglass. 3. A spinning process according to claim and sub-claims 1 and 2, characterized in that a bundle of fiberglass is placed against the spinneret. 4. Procédé de filage selon la revendication et les sous-revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce qu'un paquet .de fibre de verre est placé contre le lingot. 5. Procédé de filage selon la revendication, caractérisé en ce qu'on place entre l'outillage de la presse et le lingot uniquement un<B>pa-</B> quet de fibre de verre. A spinning process according to claim and sub-claims 1 and 2, characterized in that a bundle of fiberglass is placed against the ingot. 5. Spinning process according to claim, characterized in that between the press tool and the ingot only one <B> pa- </B> quet of glass fiber.
CH283501D 1949-01-19 1949-12-07 Hot-spinning process for metals. CH283501A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1011338T 1949-01-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CH283501A true CH283501A (en) 1952-06-15

Family

ID=9569840

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CH283501D CH283501A (en) 1949-01-19 1949-12-07 Hot-spinning process for metals.

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US2630220A (en)
CH (1) CH283501A (en)
DE (1) DE813543C (en)
FR (1) FR1011338A (en)
GB (1) GB663357A (en)
LU (1) LU29834A1 (en)

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IL141277A0 (en) 2001-02-05 2002-03-10 Rafi & Amos Metals Ltd Modular doors
US8230899B2 (en) 2010-02-05 2012-07-31 Ati Properties, Inc. Systems and methods for forming and processing alloy ingots
US9267184B2 (en) 2010-02-05 2016-02-23 Ati Properties, Inc. Systems and methods for processing alloy ingots
US10207312B2 (en) 2010-06-14 2019-02-19 Ati Properties Llc Lubrication processes for enhanced forgeability
US8789254B2 (en) 2011-01-17 2014-07-29 Ati Properties, Inc. Modifying hot workability of metal alloys via surface coating
KR20130139589A (en) * 2012-06-13 2013-12-23 한국생산기술연구원 Extrusion mold and manufacturing method of extruded product using buffer pad
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US2538917A (en) * 1941-11-22 1951-01-23 Comptoir Ind Etirage Extrusion of metals

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US2630220A (en) 1953-03-03
LU29834A1 (en) 1950-07-28
DE813543C (en) 1951-09-13
FR1011338A (en) 1952-06-23
GB663357A (en) 1951-12-19

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