CH278593A - Method of lubricating surfaces in relative motion. - Google Patents

Method of lubricating surfaces in relative motion.

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Publication number
CH278593A
CH278593A CH278593DA CH278593A CH 278593 A CH278593 A CH 278593A CH 278593D A CH278593D A CH 278593DA CH 278593 A CH278593 A CH 278593A
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CH
Switzerland
Prior art keywords
sep
sub
lubricant
derived
process according
Prior art date
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French (fr)
Inventor
N V De Bataafsche Maatschappij
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Bataafsche Petroleum
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Application filed by Bataafsche Petroleum filed Critical Bataafsche Petroleum
Publication of CH278593A publication Critical patent/CH278593A/en

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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M7/00Solid or semi-solid compositions essentially based on lubricating components other than mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use as lubricants; Use as lubricants of single solid or semi-solid substances
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    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F18/00Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid or of a haloformic acid
    • C08F18/02Esters of monocarboxylic acids
    • C08F18/12Esters of monocarboxylic acids with unsaturated alcohols containing three or more carbon atoms
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    • C10M3/00Liquid compositions essentially based on lubricating components other than mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use as lubricants; Use as lubricants of single liquid substances
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    • C10M2201/00Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/04Elements
    • C10M2201/041Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
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    • C10M2201/00Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/04Elements
    • C10M2201/041Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
    • C10M2201/042Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black halogenated, i.e. graphite fluoride
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    • C10M2205/00Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/021Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/021Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/022Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
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    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/04Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
    • C10M2207/046Hydroxy ethers
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    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/125Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
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    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/129Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
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    • C10M2207/28Esters
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    • C10M2209/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/04Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol or ester thereof; bound to an aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical
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    • C10M2209/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/06Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an acyloxy radical of saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
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    • C10M2209/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/06Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an acyloxy radical of saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
    • C10M2209/062Vinyl esters of saturated carboxylic or carbonic acids, e.g. vinyl acetate
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    • C10M2209/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
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    • C10M2209/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
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    • C10M2209/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
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    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/02Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/06Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/02Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/06Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2215/064Di- and triaryl amines
    • C10M2215/065Phenyl-Naphthyl amines
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    • C10M2219/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
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    • C10M2223/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04Phosphate esters
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    • C10M2223/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
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    • C10N2010/00Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/02Groups 1 or 11
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    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20Metal working
    • C10N2040/22Metal working with essential removal of material, e.g. cutting, grinding or drilling
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    • C10N2040/46Textile oils
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    • C10N2050/00Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/10Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated semi-solid; greasy

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Description

  

  Procédé de lubrification des surfaces en mouvement relatif.    L'on sait que les huiles minérales possè  dent certaines propriétés, telles que la ten  dance à s'oxyder, à s'épaissir par basses tem  pératures, etc., qui réduisent leurs applications  en tant que lubrifiant. On s'est efforcé d'ob  vier à cet inconvénient par l'addition d'autres  substances. Bien des substances ont déjà été  proposées à cet effet et, avec certaines d'entre  elles, on a déjà obtenu des résultats relative  ment satisfaisants. En général, toutefois, ces  substances additionnelles paraissent provoquer  la formation de laques, et cela d'autant plus  facilement, que la quantité ajoutée est plus  grande.  



  On a par ailleurs déjà. proposé plusieurs  substances synthétiques comme lubrifiants de  vant remplacer l'huile minérale et, comme  telles, il. y a lieu de nommer les polymères  des alcènes obtenus en pratiquant le cracking  de la paraffine (voir le brevet. néerlandais  N  43898), des composés aromatiques     alcoylés     tels que les naphtalènes     alcoy    lés (voir le bre  vet britannique N  260604) et des oxydes poly  mères d'alcènes comme l'oxyde de propène  polymérisé (voir les brevets américains       N 8    1921378, 1976678 et 2149498). Le champ  d'application de ces lubrifiants est en géné  ral restreint. Surtout avec. les substances obte  nues à partir d'alcènes, on voit apparaître  rapidement des symptômes de corrosion et  d'oxydation.

      La présente invention a, pour objet un  procédé de lubrification des surfaces en  mouvement. relatif; ce procédé est caracté  risé en ce qu'on maintient sur ces surfaces un  lubrifiant constitué au moins en partie par  un ester polymère dérivant d'au moins un  acide     monocarboxylique    dont le groupe carbo  xyle est porté par un atome de carbone ali  phatique et d'au moins un alcool monovalent  non saturé.  



  On peut. obtenir des polymères particu  lièrement propres à servir de lubrifiant en  polymérisant un     éthersel    dérivé d'un acide       monocarboxylique    aliphatique saturé et en  éliminant du produit. de polymérisation les  éléments qui passent au-dessous d'environ  100  C, sous une pression de     \?    mm de mer  cure. Il est avantageux d'adjoindre à. ces  polymères des     anticorrosifs    (phosphites d'al  coyle par exemple) et/ou des antioxydants.  



  Les     éthersels    polymères qui présentent. les  meilleurs propriétés lubrifiantes sont en géné  ral, ceux qui dérivent d'un acide     monocarboxy-          lique    aliphatique saturé avec 5 à 21 atomes de  carbone et, de préférence, avec 6 à 13 atomes  de carbone. On peut se servir éventuellement  de mélanges d'acides tels que ceux qu'on  obtient par oxydation des produits résultant  de ce qu'on appelle     l' oxosynthèse .     



  L'acide     monocarboxy    ligue dont     l'éthersel     dérive peut, éventuellement, contenir des      atomes d'oxygène, de soufre, de phosphore ou  de sélénium autres que     substituants    d'atomes  d'hydrogène et présenter des fonctions aldé  hyde, cétone, peroxyde, etc., outre la, fonction  acide.    De même, les alcools monovalents non  saturés dont les     éthersels    dérivent, peuvent  éventuellement contenir de tels atomes non       substituants    et possèdent de     préférence    2 à  20 atomes de carbone.

   A cette catégorie d'al  cools appartiennent ceux du type allylique, du  type     méthallylique    et du type     einnamylique.     On accorde en général la préférence aux  alcools du premier de ces types.  



  On polymérise les     éthersels    de     préférence     en les chauffant en présence de catalyseurs,  en particulier de peroxydes organiques.  



  Comme cela. est en général le cas dans les  réactions de polymérisation, le produit se  compose d'un mélange<B>dé</B> polymères de poids  moléculaire différent avec. encore de petites  quantités de substances non polymérisées ou  d'autres substances à faible poids moléculaire.  La présence des fractions plus ou moins vola  tiles rend d'ordinaire ce mélange inutilisable  comme lubrifiant. Comme déjà dit, on en éli  mine donc toutes les fractions qui passent à  moins de 100  C environ sous une pression de  2 mm de mercure, et ce de préférence par  distillation fractionnée sous une pression ré  duite.  



  Si l'on pousse la polymérisation très avant,  de grandes quantités d'éléments résineux ou  solides peuvent     aussi    se     présenter    dans le pro  duit. Il est utile d'éliminer aussi au moins  une partie de ces éléments. On peut toutefois  utiliser éventuellement comme lubrifiants les  produits de poids moléculaire plus élevé en les  mélangeant avec d'autres lubrifiants, tels que  des hydrocarbures polymérisés, des oxydes       alcoyléniques    ou des     alcoylène-glycols,    de vis  cosité relativement faible. Ce mélange avec  d'autres lubrifiants peut d'ailleurs être effec  tué pour n'importe quel     éthersel    polymère du  type spécifié.

   Pour atteindre une stabilité  aussi élevée que possible, il peut être oppor-         tun    d'hydrogéner les     éthersels    polymérisés,  pour éliminer toute non saturation.  



  Comme exemples     d'éthersels    polymères d'où  l'on peut tirer des fractions lubrifiantes de la  manière indiquée, on peut citer les polymères  du butyrate allylique, de l'acétate     triméthyl-          a,llylique,    du     capronate    allylique, du     valérate          mëthy1-2-allylique,    du     caprylate    allylique, du       capronate        éthyl-2-allylique,    du     pélargonate     allylique, du     caprinate        allylique,

      du     méthoxy-          aeétate        allylique,    de     l'éthoxp-3-propionate     allylique et du     phénoxy-acétate    allylique.  



  Les lubrifiants employés dans le procédé  selon l'invention peuvent présenter des points  de solidification très bas (de - 30  C à       -45     C par exemple) et des indices de vis  cosité élevés (oscillant. par exemple entre 75  et     1.q5).    L'indice     SAE    de ces lubrifiants peut  varier de moins de 1.0 jusqu'à plus de 80. En  général, les propriétés lubrifiantes sont très  bonnes. Les     éthersels    polymères en cause sont  entre autres appropriés comme lubrifiants  pour moteurs, comme graisses lubrifiantes,  comme huiles de coupe et comme huiles pour  machines textiles.

   Leur utilisation au grais  sage de     moteurs    n'entraîne qu'une faible pro  duction de laque et il ne se forme que très  peu de dépôts sur la tête et les segments du  piston ainsi que dans le carter d'huile; ces  lubrifiants donnent aussi des taux d'usure  satisfaisants.  



  Lesdits     lubrifiants    résistent assez bien aux  influences oxydantes, très bien lorsqu'ils sont  additionnés     d'antioxydants,    en particulier  d'amines aromatiques.  



  Pour parer au danger de corrosion, il est  indiqué de leur incorporer un     anticorrosif,    de  préférence un phosphite     trialcoylique    dont  chaque groupe alcoyle contient de 1 à 12 atomes  de carbone. On obtient. les meilleurs résultats  à. l'usage avec des lubrifiants contenant une  amine aromatique et un phosphite organique.  



  Les lubrifiants employés dans le procédé  selon l'invention peuvent contenir encore  d'autres agents auxiliaires, tels que des agents  de stabilisation pour les hautes pressions (par  exemple des produits d'addition de composés           oléfiniques    avec de l'hydrogène sulfuré ou des       mercaptans).     



  On peut donner aux lubrifiants employés  dans le présent procédé la forme de graisses,  en les traitant avec des savons métalliques tels  que les savons de sodium, de potassium ou de  lithium ou avec d'autres agents gélifiants,  comme le graphite, etc. Dans le but d'amélio  rer l'homogénéité des produits, il peut quel  quefois être opportun de leur ajouter un     col-          loide    protecteur. Les polymères d'oxydes d'al  cènes ou     d'alcoylène-glycols    se prêtent parti  culièrement bien à ce rôle.  



  Les exemples suivants donnent certaines  caractéristiques de composés utilisables pour  réaliser l'invention.  



       Exemple   <I>1:</I>  On chauffe un polymère de     eaprylate     d'allyle dans une atmosphère d'anhydride car  bonique pendant 24 heures à     1501,    C pour dé  terminer sa stabilité thermique. Les résultats  obtenus avant et après le traitement thermi  que sont indiqués dans le tableau ci-dessous:

    
EMI0003.0009     
  
    Avant <SEP> Après
<tb>  le <SEP> traitement <SEP> le <SEP> traitement
<tb>  thermique <SEP> thermique
<tb>  Viscosité <SEP> à. <SEP> <B>3 <SEP> 7,,</B> <SEP> 7 <SEP> C
<tb>  eentistokes <SEP> 83,5 <SEP> 86,6
<tb>  Viscosité <SEP> à <SEP> 98" <SEP> 8 <SEP> C
<tb>  centistokes <SEP> 11,85 <SEP> 12,13
<tb>  Indice <SEP> de <SEP> viscosité <SEP> 130 <SEP> 129
<tb>  Indice <SEP> SAE <SEP> 30 <SEP> 30            Exemple        ?:

       Pour déterminer la     consommation    en lubri  fiant et le degré de formation de gomme dans  des conditions de lubrification à haute tem  pérature, on chauffe une goutte de     caprylate     de     polyallyle    à plusieurs températures, en la  pesant. avant et après le chauffage pour dé  terminer la perte, puis on la rince avec de       l'essencq    de naphte pour déterminer le résidu  insoluble formé à chaque température.

   L'essai  s'effectue dans une atmosphère de gaz naturel  et le chauffage dure une heure à chaque tem-         pérature.    Le résidu total (qui indique la vola  tilité) et le résidu insoluble (qui indique la  quantité de gomme) résultants du chauffage  aux diverses     températures    sont indiqués dans  le tableau     ci-dessous:     
EMI0003.0019     
  
    Température <SEP> o <SEP> Poids <SEP> o <SEP> Poids
<tb>  en <SEP> o <SEP> C <SEP> /o <SEP> du <SEP> résidu <SEP> /o <SEP> du <SEP> résidu
<tb>  total <SEP> insoluble
<tb>  180 <SEP> <B>891,5</B> <SEP> 2,0
<tb>  240 <SEP> 73 <SEP> 1,6
<tb>  300 <SEP> 46 <SEP> <B>92,5</B>
<tb>  350 <SEP> 19,5 <SEP> 3,4            Exemple   <I>3:

  </I>  Emploi de produits d'addition dans le       eaprylate    de     polyallyle.     



  On modifie un polymère de     caprylate          d'allyle        .avec        1%        en        poids        de        phosphite        tri-          butylique        et        1%        de        phényl-alphanaphtyl-          amine.    Le lubrifiant ainsi obtenu a les pro  priétés suivantes:

    
EMI0003.0038     
  
    Viscosité <SEP> à <SEP> 37  <SEP> 7 <SEP> C <SEP> centistokes <SEP> 74,4.
<tb>  Viscosité <SEP> à <SEP> <B>980</B> <SEP> 8 <SEP> C <SEP> centistokes <SEP> 1.1.,72
<tb>  Point <SEP> de <SEP> défigeage <SEP> o <SEP> C <SEP> -42,8
<tb>  Indice <SEP> de <SEP> viscosité <SEP> 137
<tb>  Indice <SEP> SAE <SEP> 30       On fait subir au lubrifiant l'essai de sta  bilité thermique -de l'exemple 1, et on constate  une augmentation de la. viscosité à 98  8 C de  4,50/G et une diminution de l'indice de vis  cosité de 2, provoquées par le traitement  thermique.  



  On lui fait aussi subir. Fessai d'oxydation  décrit dans l'exemple 4. Il faut une durée de  30 heures pour que la     pression    d'oxygène di  minue de 0,7     kg/cm2    et de 71,5 heures pour  qu'elle diminue de 1,4     kg/em2.    La vitesse  d'oxydation reste constante pendant toute la  durée de     l'essai.     



  Le lubrifiant a subi un essai dans un mo  teur     Lauson    normal en faisant tourner le mo  teur pendant 40 heures avec une température  dans la chemise d'eau de<B>380</B> C. On a observé  une faible corrosion des coussinets, une for  mation modérée de gomme, une variation     mo.          dérée    de la viscosité du lubrifiant, une con-      sommation modérée de l'huile et des dépôts  normaux sur le piston et dans .le réservoir.  



  <I>Exemple</I>     4.:     On stabilise un polymère de     eaprylate          d'allyle        avec        1%        en        poids        de        phényl-alpha-          naphtylamine.    On :chauffe 75 g du lubrifiant  à 140  C sous une pression d'oxygène initiale  de 3,5     kg/em2    en présence de 75     cm2    de  cuivre.

   Il a     fallu    42 heures pour que la pres  sion de l'oxygène diminue de 0.7     kg/em2    et  81 heures pour qu'elle diminue de 1,4     kg/cm2.     La vitesse de l'oxydation est restée constante  pendant toute la durée de     l'essai    (c'est-à-dire  que la période dite d'induction était     supé-          rieure    à     81        heures).        En        présence        de        1,5        %        de          phényl-alpha-naphtylamine,    il a,

   fallu 67 heures  pour que la pression diminue de 0,7 kg;     crn2     et 138 heures pour qu'elle diminue de  1,4     kg/en-t2.    La vitesse d'oxydation est. restée  constante     pendant    toute la durée de 'l'essai.    <I>Exemple 5:</I>  On a employé un     caprylate    de     poly    allyle  à, titre de lubrifiant d'un moteur     Lauson    nor  mal en     faisant    tourner le moteur pendant  40 heures, la température de la chemise d'eau  étant de 38  C. On a constaté que le dépôt de  gomme et la consommation d'huile étaient.

    faibles, .que la corrosion des coussinets était  modérée, les dépôts sur la tête et les segments  du piston peu importants et que le réservoir  d'huile ne contenait pas de boue. Le lubri  fiant contenait. 0,5 de     phényl-alpha-naphtyl-          amine.  



  Method of lubricating surfaces in relative motion. It is known that mineral oils have certain properties, such as the tendency to oxidize, to thicken at low temperatures, etc., which reduce their applications as a lubricant. An attempt has been made to overcome this drawback by the addition of other substances. Many substances have already been proposed for this purpose and, with some of them, relatively satisfactory results have already been obtained. In general, however, these additional substances appear to cause the formation of lacquers, and this the more readily the greater the amount added.



  We already have. proposed several synthetic substances as lubricants before replacing mineral oil and, as such, it. the polymers of the alkenes obtained by practicing the cracking of paraffin (see Dutch patent N 43898), alkylated aromatic compounds such as alkylated naphthalenes (see British patent N 260604) and poly oxides should be mentioned. mothers of alkenes such as polymerized propene oxide (see U.S. Patents Nos. 8,1921378, 1976678 and 2149498). The field of application of these lubricants is generally limited. Especially with. substances obtained from alkenes, symptoms of corrosion and oxidation rapidly appear.

      The present invention relates to a method of lubricating moving surfaces. relative; this process is characterized in that a lubricant consisting at least in part of a polymer ester derived from at least one monocarboxylic acid in which the carbo xyl group is carried by an aliphatic carbon atom and of at least one unsaturated monovalent alcohol.



  We can. obtaining polymers particularly suitable for use as a lubricant by polymerizing an ethersalt derived from a saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid and removing product. polymerization elements which pass below about 100 C, under a pressure of \? mm sea cure. It is advantageous to add to. these polymers anticorrosives (alkyl phosphites for example) and / or antioxidants.



  Polymer ethersalts which exhibit. the best lubricating properties are in general those derived from an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid saturated with 5 to 21 carbon atoms and, preferably, with 6 to 13 carbon atoms. Mixtures of acids such as those obtained by oxidation of the products resulting from the so-called oxosynthesis can optionally be used.



  The league monocarboxy acid from which the ethersel is derived may, optionally, contain oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus or selenium atoms other than hydrogen atom substituents and have aldehyde, ketone, peroxide, etc. ., in addition to the acid function. Likewise, the unsaturated monovalent alcohols from which the ethersalts are derived may optionally contain such unsubstituting atoms and preferably have 2 to 20 carbon atoms.

   To this category of alcohols belong those of the allylic type, of the methallyl type and of the ennamyl type. In general, preference is given to alcohols of the first of these types.



  The ethersalts are preferably polymerized by heating them in the presence of catalysts, in particular organic peroxides.



  Like this. is generally the case in polymerization reactions, the product consists of a mixture of <B> de </B> polymers of different molecular weight with. even small amounts of uncured substances or other low molecular weight substances. The presence of the more or less volatile fractions usually makes this mixture unusable as a lubricant. As already stated, all the fractions which pass at less than approximately 100 ° C. under a pressure of 2 mm of mercury are therefore removed therefrom, preferably by fractional distillation under reduced pressure.



  If the polymerization is pushed very far, large amounts of resinous or solid elements can also be present in the product. It is useful to also eliminate at least some of these elements. However, the higher molecular weight products can optionally be used as lubricants by mixing them with other lubricants, such as polymerized hydrocarbons, alkylene oxides or alkylene glycols, of relatively low viscosity. This mixing with other lubricants can moreover be carried out for any polymeric ethersal salt of the type specified.

   To achieve as high a stability as possible, it may be advisable to hydrogenate the polymerized ethersalts, to eliminate any unsaturation.



  As examples of polymer ethersalts from which lubricating fractions can be obtained in the manner indicated, there may be mentioned the polymers of allylic butyrate, of α, trimethyl acetate, of allylic capronate, of methyl1-2 valerate. -allyl, allylic caprylate, 2-ethyll capronate, allylic pelargonate, allylic caprinate,

      allylic methoxy-acetate, allylic-ethoxp-3-propionate and allylic phenoxy-acetate.



  The lubricants used in the process according to the invention can exhibit very low solidification points (from -30 C to -45 C for example) and high screw indices (oscillating, for example, between 75 and 1.q5). The SAE rating of these lubricants can vary from less than 1.0 to more than 80. In general, the lubricating properties are very good. The polymer ethersal salts in question are suitable, inter alia, as lubricants for engines, as lubricating greases, as cutting oils and as oils for textile machines.

   Their use with the wise lubricant of engines results in only a small production of lacquer and very little deposits form on the head and the piston rings as well as in the oil sump; these lubricants also give satisfactory wear rates.



  Said lubricants are fairly resistant to oxidative influences, very well when they are added with antioxidants, in particular aromatic amines.



  To avoid the danger of corrosion, it is advisable to incorporate an anticorrosive agent, preferably a trialkyl phosphite in which each alkyl group contains from 1 to 12 carbon atoms. We obtain. the best results at. for use with lubricants containing an aromatic amine and an organic phosphite.



  The lubricants used in the process according to the invention may contain further auxiliary agents, such as stabilizers for high pressures (for example adducts of olefinic compounds with hydrogen sulphide or mercaptans) .



  The lubricants employed in the present process can be given the form of greases by treating them with metallic soaps such as sodium, potassium or lithium soaps or with other gelling agents, such as graphite, etc. In order to improve the homogeneity of the products, it may sometimes be advisable to add a protective colloid to them. Polymers of alkene oxides or alkylene glycols are particularly suitable for this role.



  The following examples give certain characteristics of compounds which can be used to carry out the invention.



       Example <I> 1: </I> An allyl eaprylate polymer is heated in an atmosphere of carbonic anhydride for 24 hours at 1501 ° C. to determine its thermal stability. The results obtained before and after the heat treatment are shown in the table below:

    
EMI0003.0009
  
    Before <SEP> After
<tb> the <SEP> processing <SEP> the <SEP> processing
thermal <tb> thermal <SEP>
<tb> Viscosity <SEP> at. <SEP> <B> 3 <SEP> 7 ,, </B> <SEP> 7 <SEP> C
<tb> eentistokes <SEP> 83.5 <SEP> 86.6
<tb> Viscosity <SEP> to <SEP> 98 "<SEP> 8 <SEP> C
<tb> centistokes <SEP> 11.85 <SEP> 12.13
<tb> <SEP> index of <SEP> viscosity <SEP> 130 <SEP> 129
<tb> Index <SEP> SAE <SEP> 30 <SEP> 30 Example?:

       To determine the lubricant consumption and the degree of gum formation under high temperature lubrication conditions, a drop of polyallyl caprylate is heated to several temperatures by weighing it. before and after heating to determine the loss, then rinsed with naphtha gasoline to determine the insoluble residue formed at each temperature.

   The test is carried out in a natural gas atmosphere and the heating lasts for one hour at each temperature. The total residue (which indicates the volatility) and the insoluble residue (which indicates the amount of gum) resulting from heating at the various temperatures are shown in the table below:
EMI0003.0019
  
    Temperature <SEP> o <SEP> Weight <SEP> o <SEP> Weight
<tb> in <SEP> o <SEP> C <SEP> / o <SEP> of <SEP> residue <SEP> / o <SEP> of <SEP> residue
<tb> total <SEP> insoluble
<tb> 180 <SEP> <B> 891.5 </B> <SEP> 2.0
<tb> 240 <SEP> 73 <SEP> 1.6
<tb> 300 <SEP> 46 <SEP> <B> 92.5 </B>
<tb> 350 <SEP> 19.5 <SEP> 3.4 Example <I> 3:

  </I> Use of adducts in polyallyl eaprylate.



  An allyl caprylate polymer is modified with 1% by weight of tri-butyl phosphite and 1% of phenyl-alphanaphthylamine. The lubricant thus obtained has the following properties:

    
EMI0003.0038
  
    Viscosity <SEP> to <SEP> 37 <SEP> 7 <SEP> C <SEP> centistokes <SEP> 74.4.
<tb> Viscosity <SEP> at <SEP> <B> 980 </B> <SEP> 8 <SEP> C <SEP> centistokes <SEP> 1.1., 72
<tb> Point <SEP> of <SEP> de-icing <SEP> o <SEP> C <SEP> -42.8
<tb> <SEP> index of <SEP> viscosity <SEP> 137
<tb> Index <SEP> SAE <SEP> The lubricant is subjected to the thermal stability test of Example 1, and an increase in the. viscosity at 98 8 C of 4.50 / G and a decrease in the screw index cosity of 2, caused by the heat treatment.



  He is also subjected to it. The oxidation test described in Example 4. It takes 30 hours for the oxygen pressure to decrease by 0.7 kg / cm2 and 71.5 hours for it to decrease by 1.4 kg. / em2. The rate of oxidation remains constant throughout the duration of the test.



  The lubricant was tested in a normal Lauson engine by running the engine for 40 hours with a water jacket temperature of <B> 380 </B> C. Slight corrosion of the bearings was observed, moderate gum formation, moderate variation. derived from lubricant viscosity, moderate oil consumption and normal deposits on the piston and in the reservoir.



  <I> Example </I> 4 .: An allyl eaprylate polymer is stabilized with 1% by weight of phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine. 75 g of the lubricant are heated to 140 ° C. under an initial oxygen pressure of 3.5 kg / em2 in the presence of 75 cm2 of copper.

   It took 42 hours for the oxygen pressure to drop by 0.7 kg / em2 and 81 hours for it to drop by 1.4 kg / cm2. The rate of the oxidation remained constant throughout the duration of the test (ie the so-called induction period was greater than 81 hours). In the presence of 1.5% phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine, it has,

   took 67 hours for the pressure to drop by 0.7 kg; crn2 and 138 hours for it to decrease by 1.4 kg / en-t2. The rate of oxidation is. remained constant throughout the duration of the test. <I> Example 5: </I> A poly allyl caprylate was used as a lubricant of a normal Lauson engine by running the engine for 40 hours, the temperature of the water jacket being 38 C. The gum deposition and oil consumption were found to be.

    low,. that the corrosion of the bearings was moderate, the deposits on the head and piston rings small and that the oil tank did not contain sludge. The lubricant contained. 0.5 phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine.

 

Claims (1)

REVENDICATION: Procédé de .lubrification des surfaces en mouvement. relatif, caractérisé en ce qu'on maintient sur ces surfaces un lubrifiant cons titué au moins en partie par un ester poly mère dérivant d'au moins un acide mono- ca.rboxylique dont le groupe carboxyle est porté par un atome -de carbone aliphatique et d'au moins un alcool monovalent non saturé. SOUS-REVENDICATIONS 1. Procédé suivant .la revendication, carac- térisé en ce que ledit ester polymère dérive d'au moins un acide monocarboxylique saturé contenant de 5 à 21 atomes de carbone. 2. CLAIM: Method of .lubrication of moving surfaces. relative, characterized in that one maintains on these surfaces a lubricant constituted at least in part by a polymer ester deriving from at least one mono- ca.rboxylic acid whose carboxyl group is carried by an aliphatic carbon atom and at least one unsaturated monovalent alcohol. SUB-CLAIMS 1. A process according to claim, characterized in that said polymeric ester is derived from at least one saturated monocarboxylic acid containing from 5 to 21 carbon atoms. 2. Procédé suivant. la sous-revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit ester polymère dériv e d'au moins un acide nronocarboxylique saturé contenant de 6 à 13 atomes de carbone. 3. Procédé suivant la revendication, carac térisé en ce que ledit ester polymère dérive d'au moins un alcool aliphatique oléfinique, contenant de 2 à 20 atomes de carbone. 4. Procédé suivant la. sous-revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que ledit ester polymère dé rive d'au moins un alcool allylique. 5. Next process. Sub-claim 1, characterized in that said polymeric ester is derived from at least one saturated nronocarboxylic acid containing 6 to 13 carbon atoms. 3. Process according to claim, characterized in that said polymer ester is derived from at least one olefinic aliphatic alcohol, containing from 2 to 20 carbon atoms. 4. Process according to. Sub-claim 3, characterized in that said polymeric ester is derived from at least one allylic alcohol. 5. Procédé suivant la revendication, earac- téris6 en ce que l'ester polymère est un poly-, caprylate d'allyle. 6. Procédé suivant la revendication, carac térisé en ce que le lubrifiant contient en outre une faible quantité d'un anticorrosif. 7. Procédé suivant la revendication, carac térisé en ce que le lubrifiant contient en outre une faible quantité d'un antioxydant. 8. Procédé suivant la revendication, carac térisé en ce que le lubrifiant contient en outre une faible quantité d'un anticorrosif et d'un antioxydant. 9. A method as claimed in claim, characterized in that the polymeric ester is an allyl poly- caprylate. 6. A method according to claim, characterized in that the lubricant further contains a small amount of an anticorrosive. 7. A method according to claim, characterized in that the lubricant further contains a small amount of an antioxidant. 8. A method according to claim, characterized in that the lubricant further contains a small amount of an anticorrosive and an antioxidant. 9. Procédé suivant la sous-revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que l'anticorrosif est un phosphite organique. 10.-Procédé suivant la sous-revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que l'anticarrosif est un phosphite d'alcoyle. 11. Procédé suivant la sous-revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que l'antioxydant est un amine aromatique. 12. Procédé suivant la revendication, ca ractérisé en ce qu'il contient un agent stabi lisant pour les très fortes pressions. 13. Process according to sub-claim 6, characterized in that the anticorrosive is an organic phosphite. 10. A method according to sub-claim 9, characterized in that the anticarrosive is an alkyl phosphite. 11. The method of sub-claim 7, characterized in that the antioxidant is an aromatic amine. 12. The method of claim, ca acterized in that it contains a stabilizing agent for very high pressures. 13. Procédé suivant la sous-revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que ledit agent stabili sant est un produit d'addition d'un composé oléfinique et d'hydrogène sulfuré. 14. Procédé suivant la sous-revendication 7.2, caractérisé en ce que ledit agent stabili sant est un produit. d'addition d'un composé oléfinique et d'un mercaptan. 15. Procédé suivant la revendication, ca ractérisé en ce que ledit lubrifiant comprend H- (0-R)--011 dans laquelle n est un nombre entier et R est un reste d'hydrocarbure aliphatique saturé. Process according to sub-claim 12, characterized in that said stabilizing agent is an adduct of an olefinic compound and hydrogen sulfide. 14. Method according to sub-claim 7.2, characterized in that said stabilizing agent is a product. addition of an olefinic compound and a mercaptan. 15. A method according to claim, characterized in that said lubricant comprises H- (0-R) - 011 wherein n is an integer and R is a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon residue. un ester polymère d'un acide monocarboxy- lique aliphatique saturé et d'un alcool mono valent non saturé, un savon métallique et, en tant que colloïde protecteur, un polymère de formule générale: a polymeric ester of a saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid and an unsaturated mono valent alcohol, a metallic soap and, as a protective colloid, a polymer of the general formula:
CH278593D 1946-10-08 1947-10-07 Method of lubricating surfaces in relative motion. CH278593A (en)

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