CH232954A - Process for the production of linings from bearing metal in cylindrical sleeves. - Google Patents
Process for the production of linings from bearing metal in cylindrical sleeves.Info
- Publication number
- CH232954A CH232954A CH232954DA CH232954A CH 232954 A CH232954 A CH 232954A CH 232954D A CH232954D A CH 232954DA CH 232954 A CH232954 A CH 232954A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- bearing metal
- chips
- metal
- bearing
- linings
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910000897 Babbitt (metal) Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 2
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001361 White metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035508 accumulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 gunmetal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010969 white metal Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/08—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for building-up linings or coverings, e.g. of anti-frictional metal
- B22D19/085—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for building-up linings or coverings, e.g. of anti-frictional metal of anti-frictional metal
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
Description
Verfahren zum Herstellen von Auskleidungen aus Lagermetall in zylindrischen Büchsen. Die Erfindung betrifft eine Verbesserung ,des bekannten Verfahrens zum Herstellten von Aus:kleidungen aus Lagermetall, z. B. Bleibronze, Rotguss, Weissmetall, in zylindri schen Büchsen, wie z. B. Lagerschalen, La gerbüchsen, Zyldnderlau±büchs-en, nach wel chem das Lagermetall in verteilter Form, z. B.
als Pulver, als Späne oder in körniger Form, also La:germetallklein, unter Beimischung eines Flussmittels, .z. B. Borax, in die Büchse eingebracht, letztere .dann von -aussen erwärmt und in, schnelle Umdrehungen versetzt wird, bis das Lagermetall geschmolzen ist und infolge der Schleuderwirkung eine gleich- mässige Schicht an der Büchsenwand bildet.
Die Heiztemperaturen dürfen beidem be kannten Verfahren nur so hoch bemessen werden, Jass die Büchse nicht beschädigt wird.
Daher ergeben sich verhältnismässig lange Heizzeiten, um vom kalten Zustand d'er Büchse ausgehend die Lagermetallspäne zu schmelzen: Durch diese langen Heizzeiten verläuft der Schmelzvorgang des Lager- metal@les in der Büchse sehr langsam., s.o däss die bei niedriger Temperatur schmelzende Legierungskomponente, z.
B. das Blei einer Bleibronze, wesentlich früher verflüssigt wird als .das bei höherer Temperatur schmeS- zende Kupfer. Das Blei gewinnt dadurch Zeit zuts:amvnenzulaufen und in dem Gefüge grosse Nester zu bilden und durch die Zentri fugalkraft :der umlaufenden Büchse an deren Wand, zu wandern.
Ferner hat ,das Blei Cre- legenheit, in, ,grossem Umfang zu verdampfen. Abgesehen von der Verschlechterung der La- germetalle.b eruug durch Entmischung und Bleiverdampfung setzen grosse Bleinester im Gefüge die Festigkeit :
der Auskleidung in unzulässiger Weise herab, während dao an die Wand .der Laufbüchse geschleuderte Blei ,die Haftfähigkeit der Auskleidung in der Laufbüchse verschlechtert.
Diese -Nachteile werden nach dem erfin- dun"sgemässen Verfahren dadurch beseitigt, .dass ein Gemisch von Lagermetallklein und Flüssmittel verwendet wird, das einen in der Hitze Sauerstoff abgehenden Stoff, z. B. Bleimennige, Bleiglätte, Kaliumpermanganat, Kupferoxyd enthält.
Diese Stoffe können dem Lagermetallklein beigemischt oder dieses kann vor dem Einbringen in die Büchse der Einwirkung reinen Sauerstoffes oder des Luftsauerstoffes, gegebenenfalls unter gleich zeitiger Erwärmung so lange ausgesetzt wer den, bis sich an der Oberfläche des Lager metallkleins eine Oxydschicht gebildet hat.
Die dem Lagermetallklein beigemengten Stoffe bezw. die Oxydschicht geben erfah rungsgemäss unter dem Einfluss der Büchse durch die 11,eizvo@rriehtung von aussen zu=, geführten Wärme ihren Sauerstoff frei. Der Sauerstoff erzeugt, wie Versuche ergaben, durch eine teilweise Verbrennung des Lager- metaIles gewissermassen von innen heraus eine jähe Temperaturerhöhung, die den Schmelzvorgang stark beschleunigt.
Dadurch werden Schmelzzeiten erreicht, die durch die bekannte Beheizung der Büchse ohne Ge fährdung derselben nicht erzielbar sind. Da man es durch genaue Dosierinig des dem La- germeta.ll'kleins zugesetzten Stoffes in der Hand hat, die Sauerstoffmenge genau zu be messen, so besteht keine Gefahr einer Ge fügeverschlechterung durch übermässigen<B>Ab-</B> 21 von Lagermetall.
Versuche haben ergeben, dass bei einem Zusatz von 0,5 bis 1 % (Gewichtsprozent) Kaliumpermanganat die gleichmässigsten La gergefüge erzielbar sind. Eine Verringerung dieses Prozentsatzes führt schnell zu ört lichen Bleianreicherungen, während eine Er höhung bis auf 3 % keine Verbesserung, darüberhina.us aber eine zunehmende Ver schlechterung bringt.
Durch die mit dem Erfindungsgegenstand erzielbaren kurzen Schmelzzeiten ergibt sich neben dem gleichmässigen Gefüge bei eisernen Büchsen ein überraschend geringer Eisen gehalt der Lagermetallawskleidung von höoh- stens 0,3/'0, weil das Eisen der Büchse keine Zeit findet,
in grösseren Mengen in die Schmelze hineinzudiffundieren. Dieser ge- ringe Eisengehalt ist für die guten lauf- ei,genschaften der Auskleidung besonders wertvoll, da, das Eisen im Lagerm@etallgefüge in Form von scharfen Nadeln auskristallisiert, die infolge ihrer grossen Härte z.
B. die im Lager laufende Welle verletzen und damit so die Zerstörung des Lagen einleiten.
Die Beheizung der Büchse erfolgt vor zubweise unmittelbar durch Brenner, welche die Büchse kranzförmig umgeben.
Um zu vermeiden, dass während des Schwelvorganges gesundheitsschädliche Gase aus dem Innern der Büchse austreten, wird .dieselbe zweckmässig dicht zwischen zwei Teller einer Schleudervorrichtung einge spannt und ihr Hohlraum über eine hohl gebohrte Tellerachse mit einem Sauggebläse verbunden, so dass während des Schmelz vorganges in der Büchse Unterdruck vor herrscht.
Process for the production of linings from bearing metal in cylindrical sleeves. The invention relates to an improvement of the known method for producing from: linings made of bearing metal, e.g. B. lead bronze, gunmetal, white metal, in cylindri's bushes, such as. B. bearing shells, La gerbüchsen, Zyldnderlau ± bushes, after wel chem the bearing metal in distributed form, z. B.
as powder, as chips or in granular form, i.e. as small as La: germ metal, with the addition of a flux, e.g. B. Borax, introduced into the liner, the latter then heated from the outside and rotated quickly until the bearing metal has melted and forms an even layer on the liner wall due to the centrifugal effect.
With the known method, the heating temperatures may only be set so high that the can is not damaged.
This results in relatively long heating times in order to melt the bearing metal chips starting from the cold state of the bush: Due to these long heating times, the melting process of the bearing metal in the bush runs very slowly, so that the alloy component, which melts at low temperature, z.
B. the lead of a lead bronze is liquefied much earlier than the copper, which melts at a higher temperature. As a result, the lead gains time: to run into amvnene and to form large nests in the structure and to wander through the centrifugal force of the surrounding canister on its wall.
Furthermore, the lead has the opportunity to vaporize to a large extent. Apart from the deterioration of the bearing metals due to segregation and lead evaporation, large lead nests in the structure increase the strength:
the liner in an unacceptable manner, while lead thrown against the wall .der liner worsens the adhesion of the liner in the liner.
These disadvantages are eliminated according to the process according to the invention in that a mixture of small bearing metal and liquid is used which contains a substance that emits oxygen when heated, e.g. red lead, black lead, potassium permanganate, copper oxide.
These substances can be mixed with the bearing metal or this can be exposed to the action of pure oxygen or atmospheric oxygen, possibly with simultaneous heating, until an oxide layer has formed on the surface of the bearing.
The substances added to the bearing metal, respectively. Experience has shown that the oxide layer releases its oxygen under the influence of the liner through the 11 heat directed from the outside. As tests have shown, the oxygen generates a sudden temperature increase from the inside through partial combustion of the bearing metal, which greatly accelerates the melting process.
As a result, melting times are achieved which cannot be achieved by the known heating of the can without endangering the same. Since one has the ability to precisely measure the amount of oxygen by precisely metering the substance added to the storage metal, there is no risk of structural deterioration due to excessive depletion of bearing metal .
Tests have shown that with an addition of 0.5 to 1% (percent by weight) potassium permanganate, the most even storage structure can be achieved. A decrease in this percentage quickly leads to local lead accumulations, while an increase up to 3% does not lead to any improvement, but above that leads to increasing deterioration.
As a result of the short melting times that can be achieved with the subject of the invention, in addition to the uniform structure of iron cans, the iron content of the bearing metal cladding is surprisingly low, at most 0.3 / 0, because the iron in the can does not find time
diffuse into the melt in larger quantities. This low iron content is particularly valuable for the good running properties of the lining, since the iron in the bearing metal structure crystallizes out in the form of sharp needles, which, due to their great hardness, crystallize out.
B. injure the shaft running in the camp and thus initiate the destruction of the layers.
The liner is heated directly by burners which surround the liner in a ring shape.
In order to prevent harmful gases from escaping from the inside of the can during the smoldering process, it is expediently clamped tightly between two plates of a centrifugal device and its cavity is connected to a suction fan via a hollow plate axis, so that during the melting process in the Can negative pressure prevails.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH232954T | 1942-06-05 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CH232954A true CH232954A (en) | 1944-06-30 |
Family
ID=4457842
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CH232954D CH232954A (en) | 1942-06-05 | 1942-06-05 | Process for the production of linings from bearing metal in cylindrical sleeves. |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CH (1) | CH232954A (en) |
-
1942
- 1942-06-05 CH CH232954D patent/CH232954A/en unknown
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