CH194844A - Negative electrode for alkaline collectors. - Google Patents
Negative electrode for alkaline collectors.Info
- Publication number
- CH194844A CH194844A CH194844DA CH194844A CH 194844 A CH194844 A CH 194844A CH 194844D A CH194844D A CH 194844DA CH 194844 A CH194844 A CH 194844A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- negative electrode
- copper
- collectors
- alkaline
- nickel
- Prior art date
Links
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229940044194 cadmium Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 3
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YKYOUMDCQGMQQO-UHFFFAOYSA-L cadmium dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Cd]Cl YKYOUMDCQGMQQO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000570 Cupronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001514 alkali metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cu] YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960003284 iron Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0438—Processes of manufacture in general by electrochemical processing
- H01M4/044—Activating, forming or electrochemical attack of the supporting material
- H01M4/0442—Anodisation, Oxidation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
- H01M4/246—Cadmium electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/80—Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
Description
Negative Elektrode für alkalische Sammler. Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf negative Elektroden für alkalische Sammler, mit einem porösen Träger, dessen Poren mit aktiver Masse gefüllt sind.
Für negative Elektroden dieser Art wur den bisher nur Träger aus eisenhaltigen porö sen Formstücken verwendet.
Diese haben den Nachteil, dass sieh das Eisen infolge seiner grossen Oberflä.ohe akti- viert und daher die Platten mit zunehmender Entladungszahl an Festigkeit verlieren, die aktivierten eisenhaltigen Platten eine hohe Selbstentladung zeigen und dass die dem Eisen charakterietischen Lade- und Entlade- kurven auch dann noch bleiben, wenn man ,
den Platten in bekannter Weise Cadmium einverleibt. Diese Nachteile werden behoben, wenngemäss :der vorliegenden Erfindung der poröse Träger statt eisenhaltig zu sein, aus einer im Betrieb inaktiven, der Formierung unzugänglichen Metallplatte, und die aktive Masse mindestens vorwiegend aus Cadmium metall besteht. Dabei kann die Metallplatte entweder aus Kupfer oder Nickel oder aus Kupfer und Nickel bestehen.
Als positive Elektroden mit Nickelsalz lösung als Träukungsmittel sind solche aus Nickel uid Kupfer-Nickel schon bekannt.
Poröse Platten aus diesen Metallen haben die Eigenschaft, als negative Elektroden in alkalischen Sammlern sieh nicht zu formie ren. Cadmium und Eisen lassen sieh als aktive Masse in die Poren solcher Platten einbringen, ohne @dass das Trägermetall an gegriffen wird. Es kann dies in .der Weise gesohehen, dass man Salzlösungen von Cad mium, oder Cadmium und Eisen in Ferro- form, z.
B. Cadmium.chlorid und Eisenchlorür, von den Platten aufsaugen lässt und nun ,die Platten in. Alkahlösung als negative Elek troden formiert. Der sieh hierbei ent- wickelnde Wasserstoff hat genügend Über spannung, um ,die aus Metallsalz und Alkali gebildeten Metallhy.drogyde zu elektroakti- vem Metall zu reduzieren.
Es lassen sieh nach dieser Reduktion zu Metall .die @gebilde- ten Alkalichloride restlos aus den Platten auswasohen.
Es hat sich gezeigt, dass in solchen Plat ten gespeichertes Cadmiumdurch das Träger- material Kupfer oder!und Nickel nicht zur Selbstentladung angeregt wird. Auch für Eisen findet eine besondere Anregung nicht statt. Von Elektroden,der beschriebenen Aus führung sind am leichtesten und billigsten diejenigen herzustellen, deren poröse Träger platte aus Kupfer allein besteht. Sie haben den Vorteil besonders guter Stromleitung.
wäb;rend bei gleiehzeitiger Anwesenheit von Nickel die Leitfähigkeit der Trägerplatte wesentlich geringer ist. Die negativen Elek troden mit Trägerplane aus Kupfer werden auch dann nacht angegriffen, wenn,die Plat ten zeitweilig aus dem Elektrolyten heraus- raagen. Es hat dies seinen Grunddarin,
da.ss infolge der porösen .Struktur des Trägers der Elektrolyt innerhalb des herausragen den Teils der Platte emporsteigt und des halb bei Oxydation des Kupfers das kurz geschlossene Lokalelement Cadmium-Alkali- Kupferoxyd sich bildet, in welchem das Kupfer wieder zu Metall reduziert wird.
Ist in solcher negativen Kupferelektrode, wie in :der A kkumülatorentechnik allgemein üblich, die negative Masse im Überschuss, so nimmt die Elektrode auch bei gelegent- lielier Umpolung keinen Schaden.
Diese Eigenschaften .gelten auch für die Elektroden, bei .denen das Kupfer mehr oder weniger durch Nickel ersetzt ist.
Wegen der gekennzeichneten Eigenschaf ten sind negative Elektroden mit porösem Trägermaterial aus Kupfer und Nickel oder ,einem dieser Metallmach Träukung mit Cadmium für alkalische, Sammler von ;
grosser Bedeutung. Es werden zum Beispiel durch diese Negative in Kombination mit Positiven bekannter Herstellung, deren Trä germaterial poröses Nickelmetall ist, (Samm ler geschaffen, deren innerer Widerstand sehr viel .geringer ist als derjenige von Sammlern mit gleichdimensionierten Röhr ohen oder Taschenplatten bekannter Ausfüh rung.
Negative electrode for alkaline collectors. The invention relates to negative electrodes for alkaline collectors, with a porous support, the pores of which are filled with active material.
For negative electrodes of this type the only carriers made of iron-containing porous moldings were used so far.
These have the disadvantage that the iron is activated due to its large surface area and therefore the plates lose strength as the number of discharges increases, the activated iron-containing plates show a high level of self-discharge and the charging and discharging curves characteristic of iron then stay if you
incorporated cadmium into the plates in a known manner. These disadvantages are eliminated if, according to the present invention, the porous carrier instead of being ferrous consists of a metal plate which is inactive during operation and is inaccessible to the formation, and the active mass consists at least predominantly of cadmium metal. The metal plate can either consist of copper or nickel or of copper and nickel.
As positive electrodes with a nickel salt solution as an impregnating agent, those made of nickel and copper-nickel are already known.
Porous plates made of these metals have the property that they cannot be formed as negative electrodes in alkaline collectors. Cadmium and iron allow them to be introduced as an active substance into the pores of such plates without attacking the carrier metal. This can be done in .der manner that one salt solutions of cad mium, or cadmium and iron in ferrous form, z.
B. Cadmium chloride and iron chloride, can be absorbed by the plates and now, the plates in. Alkali solution as negative electrodes formed. The hydrogen evolving in the process has enough overvoltage to reduce the metal hy.drogyde formed from metal salt and alkali to electroactive metal.
After this reduction to metal, the alkali metal chlorides formed can be completely washed out of the plates.
It has been shown that cadmium stored in such plates is not stimulated to self-discharge by the carrier material copper or nickel. There is no special suggestion for iron either. Of electrodes, the execution described from the easiest and cheapest to manufacture those whose porous support plate consists of copper alone. They have the advantage of particularly good power conduction.
wäb; rend with the simultaneous presence of nickel, the conductivity of the carrier plate is significantly lower. The negative electrodes with a carrier tarpaulin made of copper are also attacked at night if the plates temporarily protrude from the electrolyte. The reason for this is that
that as a result of the porous structure of the carrier, the electrolyte rises within the protruding part of the plate and, therefore, when the copper is oxidized, the short-circuited local element cadmium-alkali copper oxide is formed, in which the copper is reduced to metal again.
If in such a negative copper electrode, as is common in accumulator technology, the negative mass is in excess, the electrode will not be damaged even if the polarity is occasionally reversed.
These properties also apply to the electrodes, in which the copper is more or less replaced by nickel.
Because of the marked properties, negative electrodes with a porous carrier material made of copper and nickel or, one of these metal machinings with cadmium for alkaline, collectors of;
great importance. For example, these negatives in combination with positives of known manufacture, whose carrier material is porous nickel metal, (collectors created whose internal resistance is much less than that of collectors with equally dimensioned tube or pocket plates of known design.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH194844T | 1936-08-05 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH194844A true CH194844A (en) | 1937-12-31 |
Family
ID=4439635
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH194844D CH194844A (en) | 1936-08-05 | 1936-08-05 | Negative electrode for alkaline collectors. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CH (1) | CH194844A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1133442B (en) * | 1958-09-03 | 1962-07-19 | Dr Habil Ludwig Kandler | Method for filling the pore spaces of metallic or surface-metallized frameworks with metal oxides or metal hydroxides by cathodic polarization, in particular for filling the electrode frameworks of galvanic primary elements or accumulators |
-
1936
- 1936-08-05 CH CH194844D patent/CH194844A/en unknown
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1133442B (en) * | 1958-09-03 | 1962-07-19 | Dr Habil Ludwig Kandler | Method for filling the pore spaces of metallic or surface-metallized frameworks with metal oxides or metal hydroxides by cathodic polarization, in particular for filling the electrode frameworks of galvanic primary elements or accumulators |
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