CH194844A - Negative electrode for alkaline collectors. - Google Patents

Negative electrode for alkaline collectors.

Info

Publication number
CH194844A
CH194844A CH194844DA CH194844A CH 194844 A CH194844 A CH 194844A CH 194844D A CH194844D A CH 194844DA CH 194844 A CH194844 A CH 194844A
Authority
CH
Switzerland
Prior art keywords
negative electrode
copper
collectors
alkaline
nickel
Prior art date
Application number
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Aktienges Accumulatoren-Fabrik
Original Assignee
Accumulatoren Fabrik Aktienges
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Accumulatoren Fabrik Aktienges filed Critical Accumulatoren Fabrik Aktienges
Publication of CH194844A publication Critical patent/CH194844A/en

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0438Processes of manufacture in general by electrochemical processing
    • H01M4/044Activating, forming or electrochemical attack of the supporting material
    • H01M4/0442Anodisation, Oxidation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/24Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
    • H01M4/246Cadmium electrodes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66Selection of materials
    • H01M4/661Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H01M4/80Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)

Description

  

  Negative Elektrode für alkalische Sammler.    Die Erfindung bezieht     sich    auf     negative     Elektroden für alkalische Sammler, mit  einem porösen Träger,     dessen    Poren mit  aktiver Masse gefüllt sind.  



  Für negative Elektroden dieser Art wur  den bisher nur Träger     aus    eisenhaltigen porö  sen Formstücken verwendet.  



       Diese    haben den     Nachteil,        dass    sieh das  Eisen infolge seiner grossen     Oberflä.ohe        akti-          viert    und daher die     Platten    mit zunehmender  Entladungszahl an     Festigkeit    verlieren, die       aktivierten        eisenhaltigen    Platten eine hohe  Selbstentladung zeigen und dass die dem  Eisen     charakterietischen    Lade- und     Entlade-          kurven    auch dann noch bleiben, wenn man  ,

  den Platten in bekannter Weise     Cadmium     einverleibt.     Diese    Nachteile werden behoben,       wenngemäss    :der     vorliegenden    Erfindung der  poröse Träger     statt        eisenhaltig    zu sein, aus       einer    im Betrieb inaktiven, der Formierung  unzugänglichen     Metallplatte,    und die aktive  Masse mindestens vorwiegend aus Cadmium  metall besteht. Dabei kann die     Metallplatte       entweder aus Kupfer oder Nickel oder aus  Kupfer und Nickel bestehen.  



  Als positive Elektroden     mit    Nickelsalz  lösung als     Träukungsmittel    sind solche aus  Nickel     uid        Kupfer-Nickel    schon bekannt.  



  Poröse     Platten    aus     diesen    Metallen haben  die Eigenschaft, als negative Elektroden in  alkalischen Sammlern     sieh    nicht zu formie  ren. Cadmium und Eisen lassen sieh als  aktive     Masse    in     die    Poren solcher     Platten          einbringen,    ohne     @dass    das Trägermetall an  gegriffen wird. Es kann     dies    in .der     Weise          gesohehen,        dass    man Salzlösungen von Cad  mium, oder Cadmium und Eisen in     Ferro-          form,    z.

   B.     Cadmium.chlorid    und     Eisenchlorür,     von den     Platten    aufsaugen     lässt    und nun ,die  Platten     in.        Alkahlösung        als    negative Elek  troden     formiert.    Der sieh hierbei     ent-          wickelnde        Wasserstoff    hat genügend Über  spannung, um ,die     aus    Metallsalz und Alkali  gebildeten     Metallhy.drogyde    zu     elektroakti-          vem    Metall zu reduzieren.

   Es lassen sieh  nach     dieser        Reduktion        zu    Metall .die @gebilde-           ten        Alkalichloride        restlos    aus den Platten       auswasohen.     



  Es hat sich gezeigt,     dass    in solchen Plat  ten     gespeichertes        Cadmiumdurch    das     Träger-          material    Kupfer     oder!und    Nickel nicht zur       Selbstentladung        angeregt    wird.     Auch    für  Eisen findet eine besondere Anregung nicht  statt. Von     Elektroden,der    beschriebenen Aus  führung sind am     leichtesten    und billigsten  diejenigen herzustellen, deren poröse Träger  platte aus Kupfer allein besteht.     Sie    haben  den Vorteil besonders guter Stromleitung.

         wäb;rend    bei     gleiehzeitiger    Anwesenheit von  Nickel die     Leitfähigkeit    der     Trägerplatte     wesentlich     geringer    ist. Die     negativen    Elek  troden mit     Trägerplane    aus Kupfer werden  auch dann nacht     angegriffen,        wenn,die    Plat  ten     zeitweilig    aus dem     Elektrolyten        heraus-          raagen.    Es hat     dies        seinen        Grunddarin,

          da.ss     infolge der porösen .Struktur des Trägers  der Elektrolyt innerhalb des herausragen  den Teils der     Platte    emporsteigt und des  halb bei     Oxydation    des Kupfers     das    kurz       geschlossene    Lokalelement     Cadmium-Alkali-          Kupferoxyd        sich    bildet, in     welchem    das  Kupfer wieder zu Metall reduziert     wird.     



  Ist in solcher     negativen    Kupferelektrode,  wie in :der A     kkumülatorentechnik    allgemein  üblich, die negative Masse im Überschuss,  so     nimmt    die Elektrode auch bei     gelegent-          lielier        Umpolung    keinen Schaden.  



  Diese     Eigenschaften    .gelten auch für die  Elektroden, bei .denen das Kupfer mehr oder  weniger durch Nickel     ersetzt    ist.  



  Wegen der gekennzeichneten Eigenschaf  ten sind     negative    Elektroden mit porösem    Trägermaterial aus Kupfer und Nickel oder       ,einem    dieser Metallmach     Träukung    mit       Cadmium    für alkalische, Sammler von  ;

  grosser     Bedeutung.    Es werden zum Beispiel  durch diese Negative in Kombination mit  Positiven bekannter     Herstellung,    deren Trä  germaterial     poröses        Nickelmetall        ist,    (Samm  ler geschaffen, deren     innerer    Widerstand  sehr     viel    .geringer ist als derjenige von  Sammlern mit     gleichdimensionierten    Röhr  ohen oder     Taschenplatten        bekannter    Ausfüh  rung.



  Negative electrode for alkaline collectors. The invention relates to negative electrodes for alkaline collectors, with a porous support, the pores of which are filled with active material.



  For negative electrodes of this type the only carriers made of iron-containing porous moldings were used so far.



       These have the disadvantage that the iron is activated due to its large surface area and therefore the plates lose strength as the number of discharges increases, the activated iron-containing plates show a high level of self-discharge and the charging and discharging curves characteristic of iron then stay if you

  incorporated cadmium into the plates in a known manner. These disadvantages are eliminated if, according to the present invention, the porous carrier instead of being ferrous consists of a metal plate which is inactive during operation and is inaccessible to the formation, and the active mass consists at least predominantly of cadmium metal. The metal plate can either consist of copper or nickel or of copper and nickel.



  As positive electrodes with a nickel salt solution as an impregnating agent, those made of nickel and copper-nickel are already known.



  Porous plates made of these metals have the property that they cannot be formed as negative electrodes in alkaline collectors. Cadmium and iron allow them to be introduced as an active substance into the pores of such plates without attacking the carrier metal. This can be done in .der manner that one salt solutions of cad mium, or cadmium and iron in ferrous form, z.

   B. Cadmium chloride and iron chloride, can be absorbed by the plates and now, the plates in. Alkali solution as negative electrodes formed. The hydrogen evolving in the process has enough overvoltage to reduce the metal hy.drogyde formed from metal salt and alkali to electroactive metal.

   After this reduction to metal, the alkali metal chlorides formed can be completely washed out of the plates.



  It has been shown that cadmium stored in such plates is not stimulated to self-discharge by the carrier material copper or nickel. There is no special suggestion for iron either. Of electrodes, the execution described from the easiest and cheapest to manufacture those whose porous support plate consists of copper alone. They have the advantage of particularly good power conduction.

         wäb; rend with the simultaneous presence of nickel, the conductivity of the carrier plate is significantly lower. The negative electrodes with a carrier tarpaulin made of copper are also attacked at night if the plates temporarily protrude from the electrolyte. The reason for this is that

          that as a result of the porous structure of the carrier, the electrolyte rises within the protruding part of the plate and, therefore, when the copper is oxidized, the short-circuited local element cadmium-alkali copper oxide is formed, in which the copper is reduced to metal again.



  If in such a negative copper electrode, as is common in accumulator technology, the negative mass is in excess, the electrode will not be damaged even if the polarity is occasionally reversed.



  These properties also apply to the electrodes, in which the copper is more or less replaced by nickel.



  Because of the marked properties, negative electrodes with a porous carrier material made of copper and nickel or, one of these metal machinings with cadmium for alkaline, collectors of;

  great importance. For example, these negatives in combination with positives of known manufacture, whose carrier material is porous nickel metal, (collectors created whose internal resistance is much less than that of collectors with equally dimensioned tube or pocket plates of known design.

 

Claims (1)

PATENTANSPRUCH: Negative Elektrode für alkalische,Samm- ler mit porösem Träger, dessen Poren mit aktiver Masse gefüllt sind, dadurch :gekenn zeichnet, -d-ass der Träger aus einer porösen, im Betriebe inaktiven, der Formierung un zugänglichen Metallplatte, und die aktive Masse mindestens vorwiegend aus Cadmium metall besteht. UNTERANSPRÜCHE 1. PATENT CLAIM: Negative electrode for alkaline, collector with porous carrier, the pores of which are filled with active material, characterized by: -d-ass the carrier is made of a porous, inactive metal plate, inaccessible to formation, and the active one Mass consists at least predominantly of metal cadmium. SUBCLAIMS 1. Negative Elektrode ,gemäss Patentan spruch, .dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die poröse Metallplatte ;aus Kupfer besteht. 2. Negative Elektrode gemäss Patentan spruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, @dass die poröse Metallplatte aus Nickel besteht. 3. Negative Elektrode gemäss Patentan spruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die poröse Metallplatte aus Kupfer und Nickel besteht. Negative electrode, according to patent claim, characterized in that the porous metal plate consists of copper. 2. Negative electrode according to patent claim, characterized in that the porous metal plate consists of nickel. 3. Negative electrode according to patent claim, characterized in that the porous metal plate consists of copper and nickel.
CH194844D 1936-08-05 1936-08-05 Negative electrode for alkaline collectors. CH194844A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH194844T 1936-08-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CH194844A true CH194844A (en) 1937-12-31

Family

ID=4439635

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CH194844D CH194844A (en) 1936-08-05 1936-08-05 Negative electrode for alkaline collectors.

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CH (1) CH194844A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1133442B (en) * 1958-09-03 1962-07-19 Dr Habil Ludwig Kandler Method for filling the pore spaces of metallic or surface-metallized frameworks with metal oxides or metal hydroxides by cathodic polarization, in particular for filling the electrode frameworks of galvanic primary elements or accumulators

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1133442B (en) * 1958-09-03 1962-07-19 Dr Habil Ludwig Kandler Method for filling the pore spaces of metallic or surface-metallized frameworks with metal oxides or metal hydroxides by cathodic polarization, in particular for filling the electrode frameworks of galvanic primary elements or accumulators

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