CH113579A

CH113579A - Method and apparatus for projecting images.

Info

Publication number: CH113579A
Authority: CH
Inventors: Stannard Cubitt Archibald
Original assignee: Stannard Cubitt Archibald
Priority date: 1924-04-08
Filing date: 1925-04-07
Publication date: 1926-02-16

Description

Procede et appareil ponr la projeetion d'images. La presente Invention comprend un pro- c6d6 pour la projeetion d'images et un appareil pour la mise en ceuvre de ce procede. Elle a en vue une projection d'images teile quelle produise 1'impression de relief sur 1'ecran. A cet effet, an projette par alternance des Images nettes et non-nettes d'un positif ordi- naire provenant d'un negatif ordinaire. De cette facon, an comprend que la presente Invention ne produit pas une Union, Jans la perception visuelle, de deux perspectives geometriques separees ou distinctes, comme c'est 1e cas lorsque chaque ceil de Pobservateur voit et ne voit que la vue seulement qui lui est propre, ce qui peut seulement etre realise sur 1'ecran en y projetant deux Images vues par les deux yeux et en donnant ä chaque spectateur un oculaire de differeiiciation gräce auquel chaque Beil ne voit que 1'image pers- pective qui lui est appropriee et point d'autres. Method and apparatus for projecting images. The present invention comprises a method for projecting images and an apparatus for carrying out this method. It has in view a projection of images such as it produces the impression of relief on the screen. To this end, an alternately projects sharp and non-sharp Images of an ordinary positive coming from an ordinary negative. In this way, it is understood that the present invention does not produce a Union, in visual perception, of two separate or distinct geometrical perspectives, as is the case when each eye of the observer sees and sees only the sight which it has. is clean, which can only be achieved on the screen by projecting onto it two Images seen by the two eyes and by giving each spectator a differentiating ocular thanks to which each Beil sees only the perspective image which is appropriate to him. and no others.

Toutes ces tentatives basees sur 1'emploi d'un oculaire, tont en etant parfaites au point de vue thdorique, ne rendent pas en pratique les services voulus pour 1e spectateur qui veut etre ä, son aise. Dans Pair libre et en plein jour, lorsque Pillumination d'objets environnants est bril lante, la longueur focale des yeux change constamment par action reflexe ou auto- matiquement. Aussi 1e premier acte du magnetiseur est-il de defendre cet accom- modement visuel naturel qui, par ses cons- tants changements, Bonne la sensation d'ani- mation. Le magnetiseur y arrive en deman- dant ä son sujet de fixer un seul objet. All these attempts based on the use of an eyepiece, while being perfect from the theoretical point of view, do not render in practice the services desired for the spectator who wants to be at his ease. In free air and in broad daylight, when the illumination of surrounding objects is bright, the focal length of the eyes changes constantly by reflex action or automatically. So the first act of the magnetizer is to defend this natural visual accommodation which, by its constant changes, creates the sensation of animation. The magnetizer achieves this by asking its subject to stare at a single object.

Une personne se trouvant dans un cine- matographe est ä beaucoup de points de vue Jans la meme situation que 1e siijet du magnetiseur, le regard constamment dirigd sur le meme plan ne perniettant pas Pac- commodement; cet dtat empeche la perception du relief qui est plus ou moins inherent ä chaque photographie nette et exacte, prise avec une boniie lentille ayant une ouverture plus Brande que 1e diainetre pupillaire d'un seul ceil. A person in a cinematograph is from many points of view in the same situation as the subject of the magnetizer, the gaze constantly directed on the same plane not allowing it to be conveniently; this state prevents the perception of the relief which is more or less inherent in each clear and exact photograph, taken with a good lens having an aperture greater than the pupillary diameter of a single eye.

En cherchant ä Bonner une Illusion st6r6os- copique, 1e procede suivant 1'invention tend precisement ä rompre ou affaiblir periodique- ment cet empecheinent d'accommodement visuel qui provient du regard applique sur une Image sur 1'öcran, par 1'intercalation alternante, Jans 1'operation de project.ion, d'images non-nettes entre des Images nettes. By seeking to Bonner a stereoscopic Illusion, the method according to the invention tends precisely to break or periodically weaken this impediment to visual accommodation which comes from the gaze applied to an Image on the screen, by the alternating intercalation, Jans 1'operation de projection, unsharp images between sharp images.

Le dessin ei-joint, donne ä titre d'exemple, sert ä 1'explication du procede suivarit 1'in- vention et represerite plusieurs exemples de 1'appareil pour la mise en Oeuvre de ce procede. The attached drawing, given by way of example, serves to explain the process according to the invention and shows several examples of the apparatus for carrying out this process.

La fig. 1 represente un de ces exemples dont les fig. 2 et 3 donnent des vues de dkail de deux miroirs rotatifs, tandis que la fig. 4 est une coupe d'un reflecteur stationnaire, avec boite enveloppe, dispose pour Ure employe en fig. 1; Les fig. b et 6 sont des vues schematiques d`autres exemples de realisation du procede suivant 1'invention; Les fig. 7 et 8 representent un exemple Jans lequel un element perturbateur est p6rio- diquement intercale sur 1e chemin du faisceau lrimineux; Les fig. 9 et 10 montrent des variantes de cet element perturbateur. fig. 1 represents one of these examples of which FIGS. 2 and 3 give dkail views of two rotating mirrors, while fig. 4 is a cross-section of a stationary reflector, with enveloped box, arranged for Ure employed in fig. 1; Figs. b and 6 are schematic views of other embodiments of the process according to the invention; Figs. 7 and 8 show an example in which a disturbing element is periodically interposed in the path of the leading beam; Figs. 9 and 10 show variants of this disturbing element.

La fig. 11 represente schematiquement un exemple avec des moyens pour deplacer perio- diquement certaines parties constituantes de 1'objectif de projection de maniere ä troubler la correction d'aberration spherique. fig. 11 schematically represents an example with means for periodically moving certain component parts of the projection lens so as to disturb the correction of spherical aberration.

En se referant aux fig. 1 ä 4, an voit que 1e faisceau de forinatiori d'images a est perio- diquement coupe obliquement par 1e moyen d'un ohturateur en secteur ou miroir rotatif b. c est Pobjectif de projection et d est 1'ecran. La partie ou secteur de cet obturateur, lors- qu'elle coupe 1e faisceau lumineux, reflechit les rayons de luiniere sur un second miroir e, qui ne tourne pas, mais qui est ajustable, et qui reflechit ä son tour 1e faisceau lumineux a sur 1'ecran d suivant un parcours plus Jong a1, 1'ajustemerit de ce second miroir e etant tel que les ;deux Images parviennent de telle maniere alternativeinent sur 1'6,cran que si elles etaient projetees simultanement, elles se superposeraient exactement, mais qu'en se "superposant" elles tendent ä produire un debordemerit lateral dune Image par rapport b. 1'autre dans 1'aspect combine des irrvages. 0n a ainsi deux chemins optiques partant de Referring to Figs. 1 to 4, it is seen that the image formation beam a is periodically cut obliquely by means of a sector shutter or rotating mirror b. c is the projection lens and d is the screen. The part or sector of this shutter, when it cuts the light beam, reflects the rays of light on a second mirror e, which does not rotate, but which is adjustable, and which in turn reflects the light beam a on the screen d following a path more Jong a1, the adjustment of this second mirror e being such that the two Images reach the screen alternately in such a way that if they were projected simultaneously, they would be exactly superimposed, but that by "overlapping" they tend to produce a lateral overflow of an Image with respect to b. the other in the combined aspect of the raw materials. 0n thus has two optical paths starting from

la lentille c ä 1'ecran d: 1'un, a, direct, 1'autre, a1, allonge par les deux reflexions et donnant ainsi une Image pas tont ä fait nette sur 1'ecran. the lens c on the screen d: one, a, direct, the other, a1, lengthened by the two reflections and thus giving an Image not tont ä sharp on the screen.

f designe la chambre cinematographique et g 1'obturateur ou volet rotatif ordinaire devant 1'objectif de projection c. f designates the cinematographic chamber and g the shutter or ordinary rotary shutter in front of the projection lens c.

Deux formes de miroir rotatif b sont repi,esentees aux fig. 2 et 3. Le miroir de la fig. 3 pi-esente la forme d'un disque trans parent, forme par exemple de verre poli, ayant deux portions en forme de secteur )a, i ä sur face reflechissante, i-ealisee par exemple h 1'aide dune coache d'argent, les bords j de ces couches d'argent pouvant eire creneles ou denteles pour eviter une transition trog brusque entre 1e passage direct et la reflexion du faisceau lumineux. Le miroir rotatif de la fig. 2 comporte deux secteurs reflechissants indeperidants k, l montes sur 1e support central jia. Two forms of rotating mirror b are shown in figs. 2 and 3. The mirror of fig. 3 is in the form of a transparent disc, for example in the form of polished glass, having two sector-shaped portions a, i with a reflecting surface, produced for example with the aid of a silver coach , the edges j of these silver layers possibly being crenellated or serrated to avoid a sharp transition between the direct passage and the reflection of the light beam. The rotating mirror of fig. 2 has two independent reflective sectors k, l mounted on the central support jia.

Dans les deux cas, 1e miroir rotatif b etant amene ä, tourner rapidement, an obtient une alternance d'images nettes, comme d'habitude, et d@images intentionnellement non-nettes ou indistinctes, conduisant ä, un nouvel effet stereoscopique. In both cases, the rotating mirror b being caused to rotate rapidly, an alternation of sharp images, as usual, and intentionally unsharp or indistinct images, leading to a new stereoscopic effect.

Le miroir rotatif b est actionne d'apres la fig. 1 par wie cominande ä courroie n emprun tant 1e mouvement au mecanisme cinemato graphique, mais il pourrait etre commande de toute autre maniere approprik, par exemple au moyen d'un engrenage de commande con traint reue au mecanisme cinematographique, oir bien au moyen dune cominande inde pendante, telle qu'une poignee de manoeuvre distinete. Sa coinmande dependra entre autre des conditions de fonctionnement du in6ca nisme ciriematographiqrie et du genre de films employes. The rotating mirror b is operated according to fig. 1 by a belt drive not borrowing the movement from the cinematographic mechanism, but it could be controlled in any other suitable way, for example by means of a constrained drive gear received from the cinematographic mechanism, or indeed by means of a drive pendant, such as a separate handle. Its control will depend, among other things, on the operating conditions of the cinematographic mechanism and the type of film used.

Le miroir e qui regoit 1e faisceau lumineux reflechi par 1e iniroir rotatif b, au lieu d'etre toujours plat, peut aussi eire amene par pression en urie forme coricav e de fapn ä, compenser partiellement 1'agrandissement de 1'image qui, de pair avec la non-nettete, provient du chemin plus Jong du faisceau lumineux. Pour permettre de bomben 1e miroir e ou de 1e deformer ä 1'etat concave, il est avantageux de 1'etablir en une. mince plaque de verre argentee ou en une mince töle mdtallique argentee. La construction de la fig. 4 cornporte des moyens simples pour Bonner au miroir e la concavite desiree en vue de la correction ou de la variation des dimensions de 1'image projetee. Dans cette figure, e designe 1e miroir sous, forme de feuille de verre argent6e de facon ä presenter rine surface reflechissante. Cette feuille, de verre est logk dans une cuvette o ayant une ouverture centrale ä Bord rentr6 ou relev6 p sur lequel repose la feuille de verre. Derriere celle-ei est prdvue une Plaque metalligue q poss6dant une nervure circulaire r qui s'appuie sur la feuille de verre pres de son Bord peri- ph6rique. Une vis de Pression s est vissee dans la cuvette d'arriere G et Porte contre la Plaque q. En tournant cette vis dans 1e sens convenable, an fait exercer, par la nervure r, une Pression sur 1e Bord de la feuille de verre de fagon ä 1'obliger, ä se Bomber vers 1'interieur, de sorte que la Partie centrale de la feuille de verre qui est accessible par 1'ouverture de la cuvette o se p1-esente en forme concave vers 1'exterieur. L'importance de la concavite peut etre reglee dans certaines limites en ajustant la vis s poitant contre la Plaque q. Si 1'on d6sire Bonner au miroir e une forme convexe, il suffit d'intervertir la Position relative des Parties d'appui (p, r) sur la feuille de verre. The mirror e which receives the light beam reflected by the rotary mirror b, instead of being always flat, can also be brought by pressure into a coricav shape e of fapn ä, partially compensating for the magnification of the image which, from together with the non-sharpness, comes from the more Jong path of the light beam. To allow the mirror to bend or deform in the concave state, it is advantageous to establish it in one. thin plate of silver glass or thin silver sheet metal. The construction of fig. 4 includes simple means for fitting the mirror to the desired concavity for the purpose of correcting or varying the dimensions of the projected image. In this figure, e designates the mirror in the form of a sheet of silvered glass so as to present a reflecting surface. This sheet of glass is housed in a bowl o having a central opening with a sunken or raised edge on which the sheet of glass rests. Behind this ei is provided a metallic plate q having a circular rib r which rests on the sheet of glass near its peripheral edge. Set screw s is screwed into rear cup G and is seated against Plate q. By turning this screw in the appropriate direction, the rib r exerts pressure on the edge of the sheet of glass so as to force it to bulge inwards, so that the central part of the the glass sheet which is accessible through the opening of the bowl o p1-esente in concave shape towards the outside. The amount of concavity can be adjusted within certain limits by adjusting the screw s pointing against the Plate q. If it is desired to give the mirror a convex shape, it suffices to invert the relative position of the support parts (p, r) on the sheet of glass.

En fonctionnement, si 1e miroir kait plat, 1'imäge reflechie par lui serait plus Brande que Gelle projetee directement sur 1'ecran, en raison du chemin plus Brand des rayons refldchis. Au delä dune certaine distance du film, cette difference de grandeur d'image pourrait etre trog Brande pour Bonner 1'effet desire. En cintrant, toutefois, 1e miroir de facon ä .lui Bonner une surface reflechissante concave, la difference de dimensions entre les deux images correspondantes peut eire ajustee au degre voulu. In operation, if the mirror were flat, the image reflected from it would be sharper than that projected directly onto the screen, due to the sharper path of the reflected rays. Beyond a certain distance from the film, this difference in image size could be trog Brande for Bonner the desired effect. By bending, however, the mirror so as to give it a concave reflecting surface, the difference in dimensions between the two corresponding images can be adjusted to the desired degree.

Dans une autre forme d'execution de 1'appareil, telle que repr6sentee en fig. 5, un mince miroir flexible e montd comme celui de la fig. 4 est plac6 dans 1e chemin du faisceau lumineux venant de 1'objectif de projection c de..fagon .ä: reflechir. toüs.les rayons.lumirreux sur 1'ecran d. Dans ce Gas, 1e changement de la nettet6 d'image en non-nettete d'image peut Ure obtenu par effet de compression appliqu6 periodiquement sur 1e miroir e par 1e moyen dune vis s, ou bien dune .came rotative ou autre organe dquivalent dispose pour exercer sur la Plaque q un effort de Pression pulsatoire capable de realiser une non-superposition de 1'image nette avec 1'image pas nette. In another form of execution of the apparatus, as represented in FIG. 5, a thin flexible mirror is mounted like that of FIG. 4 is placed in the path of the light beam coming from the projection lens so as to reflect. all.light.beams on the screen d. In this gas, the change from image sharpness to image non-sharpness can be obtained by a compression effect periodically applied to the mirror by means of a screw, or else a rotating cam or other equivalent device. to exert on the Plate q a force of pulsating Pressure capable of carrying out a non-superposition of the sharp image with the not sharp image.

AuRTI ID="0003.0274" WI="6" HE="4" LX="1106" LY="629"> lieu d'amener par force 1e miroir e de la fig. 5 en forme cintree, ce miroir peut rester plan et stationnaire, alors qu'un miroir oblique rotatif u (fig. 6) est dispos6 pour intercepter 1e faisceau lumineux entre Pobjectif de projec- tion c et 1e miroir e de maniere ä ref16chir p6riodiquement les rayons sur 1'kran d. Une norr-nettete d'image periodique et commandee peut etre realis6e avec un mini- mum de changements d'autres conditions en faisant deplacer les Parties constitutives, de Pobjectif de projection de facon ä, deranger la correction d'aberration spherique. Un moyen d'arriver ä ce resultat est repr6sente sche- matiquement ä la fig. 11, oü il est possible de faire varier la distance entre 1'element lenticulaire zu et 1'6lement lenticulaire x de la lentille posterieure de 1'objectif de projec- tion. Ce moyen de reglage a 1'avantage de ne pas introduire de nouvelles Parties optiques ou surfaces reflechissantes dann 1'appareil. L'element lenticulaire x est monte dans un support distinct du tube portant 1'element zu et la lentille anterieure de 1'objectif; ce sup- port est portd par un membre oscillant l qui, en oscillant sous 1'action d'un bec 3 et dune came rotative 2, karte 1'61ement lenticulaire x de 1'e16ment lenticulaire ?v, par 1e fait que 1e bec 3 penetre periodiquement entre 1e membre' oscillant l et la piece darret 4. Un ressort de Pression 5 agit sur 1e membre oscillant d pour 1e @ rappeler contre la piece darret 4, tandis qu'un ressort de rappel 6 agit sur 1e bec 3 pour 1e maintenir en Prise avec la came 2. Un autre moyen pour faire varier la distance entre les dlements lenticulaires x, w serait de faire coulisser axialement 1'6lement x.. par rapport ä 1'61ement iv au moyen dune came de commande par exemple. AuRTI ID="0003.0274" WI="6" HE="4" LX="1106" LY="629"> instead of bringing the first mirror e of FIG. 5 in curved shape, this mirror can remain flat and stationary, while a rotating oblique mirror u (fig. 6) is arranged to intercept the light beam between the projection lens c and the mirror e so as to periodically reflect the rays on 1'kran d. Periodic and controlled image sharpness can be achieved with a minimum of changes in other conditions by moving the component parts of the projection lens so as to disturb the spherical aberration correction. One way of achieving this result is shown schematically in FIG. 11, where it is possible to vary the distance between the lenticular element zu and the lenticular element x of the rear lens of the projection lens. This adjustment means has the advantage of not introducing new optical parts or reflective surfaces into the device. The lenticular element x is mounted in a support separate from the tube carrying the element zu and the front lens of the objective; this support is carried by an oscillating member 1 which, by oscillating under the action of a beak 3 and a rotating cam 2, kartes the lenticular element x from the lenticular element ?v, by the fact that the first beak 3 periodically enters between the first oscillating member 1 and the stopper piece 4. A pressure spring 5 acts on the first oscillating member d to recall against the stopper piece 4, while a return spring 6 acts on the first beak 3 to 1e maintain in Engage with the cam 2. Another means of varying the distance between the lenticular elements x, w would be to cause the element x to slide axially with respect to the element iv at the by means of a control cam for example.

Par los moyens susd6crits, los alternances d'images indistinctes peuvent eire produites de fargon ä formen ce qu'on peut appeler un "d6bordement" lateral, mais 1e nieme effet pourrait etre realis6 en donnant ä 1'objectif un mouvement lateral perpendiculaire ä son axe en meme temps quo 1'aberration spherique serait troubl6e par 1e mouvement de 1'elemetit lenticulaire x. Ainsi, si los elemertts lenti- culaires x etw de Ja lentille posterieure sont ajustgs de maniäre ä introduire de la non- nettet6 d'image et qu'en meme temps tout 1'objectif c soit d6place d'un cöte et un peu vers 1e bas, an peut realiser une sorte de Partie ombree similaire ou comparable ä 1'om- brage quo los peintres emploient quelquefois pour donner une illusion stereoscopique ä des lettres peintes. By the means described above, the alternations of indistinct images can be produced from far to form what may be called a lateral "overflow", but the nth effect could be achieved by giving the objective a lateral movement perpendicular to its axis. at the same time that the spherical aberration would be disturbed by the movement of the lenticular element x. Thus, if the lenticular elements x and w of the posterior lens are adjusted so as to introduce non-sharpness of the image and that at the same time all If the lens is moved to one side and down a little, you can achieve a kind of Shadow Part similar or comparable to the shading that painters sometimes use to give a stereoscopic illusion to painted letters.

Ce plus, ce traitement du faisceau de formation d'image ä 1'objetif meme conduit ä, des facilites de construction m6canique dans la commande des periodes et des degAs de noti-nettete' d'image. Furthermore, this processing of the imaging beam at the object itself leads to mechanical construction facilities in controlling periods and degrees of image sharpness.

Un autre moyen est dt= deplacer p6riodique- ment 1'ensemble de 1'objectif dans Je sens de son axe. Ün el6ment perturbateur peut aussi eire p6riodiquement introduit devant ou der ri6re 1'objectif de projection ou entre los deux lentilles anterieure et postärieure de celui-ci. Comme elements perturbateurs pouvant servii- ä cet effet, an peut citer los suivants 1. Des pieces en forme de grille, en fibres transparentes ou translucides, telles quo de la soie 6tir6e, du coton mercerise 6tir6, de 1'acetylcellulose, etc.; 2. Des pieces de verre ou quartz planes paralleles ; 3. Des pieces de verre ou de quartz, mais pourvues dune surface cylindrique sur un cöte. Los fig. 7 ä 10 representetit des appareils dans lesquels des pieces comme celles citees sous 2 sont employ6es et mont6es en forme de sectetirs rotatifs de fagon ä croiser 1e faisceau lumineux, soit perpendiculairement, soit ä un angle oblique avec possibilit6 d'ajus- teinent, par exemple par deplacement angu- Iaire de laxe de rotation. Another means is to periodically move the lens assembly in the direction of its axis. A disturbing element can also be periodically introduced in front of or behind the projection lens or between the two front and rear lenses thereof. As disturbing elements which can be useful for this purpose, the following may be mentioned: 1. Pieces in the form of a grid, of transparent or translucent fibers, such as stretched silk, stretched mercerized cotton, acetylcellulose, etc.; 2. Flat parallel pieces of glass or quartz; 3. Pieces of glass or quartz, but provided with a cylindrical surface on one side. Los fig. 7 to 10 represent devices in which parts like those mentioned under 2 are used and mounted in the form of rotating sections so as to cross the light beam, either perpendicularly or at an oblique angle with the possibility of adjustment, for example by angular displacement of the axis of rotation.

En se ref6rant nux fig. 7 et 8, an voit quo c Usigne 1'objectif, 8 1e support de celui- ci et 9 la fenetre de la chambre citt6mato- graphique. Entre la fenetre 9 et 1'objectif c est introduit 1'elemetit perturbatetir form6 de deux secteurs de verre ou de quartz plans- paralleles 10, montes sur un arbre rotatif 11. Celui-ei est commande par 1'arbre 12 de 1'obturateur ou volet rotatif g au moyen d'un engrenage ä vis sans fin 13, 14, ä rapport de transmission de 4 i1 1, la vis 6tant montee sur 1'arbre 12 et la rotte helicoidale 13 etant fixee sur RTI ID="0004.0272" WI="10" HE="4" LX="1422" LY="842"> 1'arbre interinediaire 15 relie par des pignons coniques 16, 17 ä 1'arbre 11. L'arbre 12 du volet rotatif g est Porte par une con- sole 18 et est actionn6 par Je m6catiisme cin6matographique. La console 18 est fixee ei) 19, 19 au support du dispositif de projection et est pourvue en haut d'un cadre 20 servant de support ä 1'arbre 11. Los rapports de trans- mission des engrenages 13, 19 et 16, 17 peu- vent etre convenablement choisis. L'ensemble des Parties 18 et 20 forme un bäti qui s'adapte ou s'ajuste ä son tour sur la boite ou_chambre cinematographique de 1'appareil. Referring to fig. 7 and 8, we see that c Ussigns the objective, 8 its support and 9 the window of the photographic chamber. Between the window 9 and the lens c is introduced the disturbing element formed by two plane-parallel sectors of glass or quartz 10, mounted on a rotating shaft 11. This is controlled by the shaft 12 of the shutter or rotary flap g by means of a worm gear 13, 14, with a transmission ratio of 4:11, the screw 6 being mounted on the shaft 12 and the helical wheel 13 being fixed on RTI ID="0004.0272" WI="10" HE="4" LX="1422" LY="842"> the intermediate shaft 15 is connected by bevel gears 16, 17 to the shaft 11. The shaft 12 of the rotary shutter g is door by a console 18 and is operated by the cinematographic mechanism. The bracket 18 is fixed (ei) 19, 19 to the support of the projection device and is provided at the top with a frame 20 serving as a support for the shaft 11. The transmission ratios of the gears 13, 19 and 16, 17 can be suitably chosen. The assembly of Parts 18 and 20 forms a frame which in turn fits or fits over the cinema box or chamber of the apparatus.

En fig. 8, los secteurs perturbateurs 10 sont tournes de 90 par rapport ä leer Position indiqtiee en fig. 7. In fig. 8, the disturbing sectors 10 are rotated by 90 with respect to the first position indicated in fig. 7.

Dans un essai pratique avec une courte projection d'image sur 6 m environ, 1'epaisseur du verre pour ces secteurs perturbateurs 6tait de 1 i/:: mm, inais cette 6paisseur peut bien entendu varier dans de langes limites avec los caract6ristiques optiques de 1'appareil de projection. In a practical test with a short image projection over approximately 6 m, the thickness of the glass for these disturbing sectors was 1 i/:: mm, but this thickness can of course vary within limits with the optical characteristics of the glass. the projector.

Pour eviter 1'obligation d'utiliser du verre tres mince, an peut employer un 616ment perturbateur comme celui repr6sente en fig. 10, dans lequel los secteurs 21 et los secteurs 22 different d'6paissettr, les secteurs plus minces 21 donnant los images nettes et los secteurs plus epais 22, los images non-nettes ou indistinctes. To avoid having to use very thin glass, an interfering element like the one shown in fig. 10, in which the sectors 21 and the sectors 22 differ in thickness, the thinner sectors 21 giving the sharp images and the thicker sectors 22 the non-sharp or indistinct images.

Pour obtenir une transition inoins brusque, an peut se servir de 1'61ement perturbateur repr6sente en fig. 9, dans Iequel des secteur 23 sont etablis avec une epaisseur intermediaire entre 1'epaisseur du secteur 24 et 1'epaisseur zero du secteur decoupe. Dans cette disposition, les iniages projetees ä travers tous les secteurs `.:3, 24 ne sont pas nettes, mais Gelles projetees h travers les secteurs 23 sont plus nettes que Gelles projetees ä travers 1e secteur 24. To obtain a less abrupt transition, an can make use of the disturbing element represented in fig. 9, in which sectors 23 are established with an intermediate thickness between the thickness of sector 24 and the zero thickness of the cut sector. In this arrangement, the images projected through all the sectors 3, 24 are not sharp, but the images projected through the sectors 23 are sharper than the images projected through the sector 24.

Dans un autre exemple, une lentille peut etre montee Sur 1e chemin direct des rayons lumineux sortant de 1'objectif de projection, cette lentille etant disposee de fagon ä tourner autour d'un diametre. La. rotation de cette lentille peut avoir lieu ä la vitesse desiree et la lentille Sera disposee de teile maniere que lorsqu'elle est parallele aux lentilles de 1'ob- jectif, eile modifie faiblenient 1e foy er de 1'image, tandis que lorsqu'elle est perpendicu- laire aux lentilles de 1'objeetif, eile ne jettera que peu ou point d'oinbre sur Heran. In another example, a lens may be mounted in the direct path of the light rays exiting the projection lens, this lens being arranged to rotate about a diameter. The rotation of this lens can take place at the desired speed and the lens will be arranged in such a way that when it is parallel to the objective lenses it slightly changes the focal point of the image, whereas when if it is perpendicular to the lens of the objective, it will cast little or no shadow on Heran.

LTne projection d'iinages non-nettes de nianiere qu'elles se ineuvent dun cöte et vers en bas peut etre realisee aux fig. 1, 6 et 7 en faisant legerement baseuler laxe du miroir ou element perturbateur, ou aux fig. 1 ä 5 en produisant une deformation excentrique du miroir e. A projection of unsharp images such that they occur sideways and downwards can be made in figs. 1, 6 and 7 by slightly baseulating the axis of the mirror or disturbing element, or in figs. 1 to 5 by producing an eccentric deformation of the mirror e.

Les deformations du miroir e de son etat plat ainsi que la comniande des alternances d'images nettes et non-nettes peuvent etre amorcees, entretenues et commandees tant au point de vue de leur periodicite qu'ä celui de leur importance par voie pneumatique, hydrau- lique, electrique ou autre, par 1e moyen de cäbles flexibles genre Bowden ou par d'autres sy'stemes de transmission depuis un endroit oii un observateur independarit peut juger des conditions psychologiques qui puissent exiger un changement dans les conditions optiques des Images projetees. The deformations of the mirror and its flat state as well as the control of the alternations of sharp and non-sharp images can be initiated, maintained and controlled both from the point of view of their periodicity and that of their importance by pneumatic, hydraulic means. - lic, electrical or otherwise, by means of flexible Bowden type cables or other transmission systems from a place where an independent observer can judge the psychological conditions which may require a change in the optical conditions of the Projected Images.

Le rapport de succession entre les irrvages nettes et les Images non-nettes alternantes peut eire amene ä varier dans de larges limites. Par exemple, Jans la disposition des fig. 7 et 8, avec une vitesse de projection de 16 Images par seconde, huit Images nettes peuvent etre nettes et huit non-nettes, 1e changement dune Image nette ä une Image non-nette a'effäctuant en synchronisme avec 1'avancement du film dun crän. Dans ` un autre exemple, comme celui fonctionnant avec 1'element perturbateur de la fig. 9, une Image 'de projection nette Sera suivie par trois Images non-nettes. --- D'une manAre generale, les alternances entre les Images de projection nettes et non- nettes s'effectueront ä une vites4e teile que les changements ne soient par tont a, fait perdus par Suite de la persistance des im- pressions retiniennes. The relationship of succession between the sharp feeds and the alternating non-sharp images can be made to vary within wide limits. For example, Jans the arrangement of figs. 7 and 8, with a projection speed of 16 Frames per second, eight sharp Images can be sharp and eight non-sharp, the change from a sharp Image to a non-sharp Image taking place in synchronism with the advance of the film from one crän. In another example, such as that operating with the disturbing element of FIG. 9, one sharp projection Image will be followed by three non-sharp Images. --- In general, the alternations between sharp and non-sharp Projection Images will take place at such a speed that the changes are not completely lost due to the persistence of retinal impressions.

Pour ce qui concerne 1'expression "alter- nancesll, ilRTI ID="0005.0273" WI="5" HE="4"LX="1135" LY="661"> est entendu que ce terine ne doit pas signifier que les deux phases dune alter- nance sont necessairement egales au point de vue de la duree, bien qu'elles 1e soient souvent ou meme generalement. Par exemple, une rupture prolongee dans la condition forcee de non-accommodement visuel peut etre desirable et ceci peut etre realise par une periode pro- longee de non-nettete accompagnee dune faible Illumination. Apres cela, un ordre plus regulier d'alternances peut suivre. Ainsi par exemple an peut avoir une alternance ä double phase entre la nettete et la non-nettet6 pour chaque fois deux, trois ou quatre Images. With regard to the expression "alternations" it is understood that this term should not mean that the two phases of an alternation are necessarily equal in duration, although they often or even generally are. achieved by a prolonged period of non-sharpness accompanied by weak Illumination. After this a more regular order of alternations may follow. Thus for example an may have a two-phase alternation between sharpness and non-sharpness for each times two, three or four Images.

En faisant fonctionner les appareils decrits, il peut etre desirable d'avoir une Suite d'effets non-stereosoopiques, non seulement pour les textes ou autres projections analogues, mais aussi pour des vues "plutöt plates" appropriees ä fournir un contraste avec les vues tendant ä provoquer 1'illusion stereoscopique compli;te. In operating the apparatus described, it may be desirable to have a suite of non-stereoscopic effects, not only for text or other analogous projections, but also for "rather flat" views suitable to provide contrast with the views. tending to cause the complete stereoscopic illusion.

La presente Invention est applicable ä divers effets de projection cinematographique en Couleur. Lorsqu'il n'y a qu'un seul faisceau de formation d'images, 1'affectation de celui- ci peut avoir lieu exactement comme decrit plus haut. Quand il y a plusieurs faisceaux de formation d'images, tous Ges faisceaux lumineux devront eire affeetes de fagon simi- laire et synchrone #pour eviter une analyse ou Separation ou d6bordement indus des Couleurs. The present invention is applicable to various color cinematic projection effects. When there is only one imaging beam, the assignment thereof can take place exactly as described above. When there are multiple imaging beams, all of the light beams should be similarly and synchronously affected to avoid undue analysis or color separation or spillover.

Claims

CLAIMS I Process for the projection of images, according to which an projects on a screen by alternation sharp Images - and non-sharp Images from an ordinary positive coming from an ordinary negative in order to produce effects relief on the screen. II Apparatus for carrying out the process according to claim I, characterized by the combination of an image projection objective with a modifying device 6labli with respect to the objective in such a way as to periodically affect the image light beam in order to produce non-sharp Images alternating with sharp Images on the screen. SUB-CLAIMS 1 A method according to claim I, in which the imaging light beam takes alternatingly varying projection paths.

2 A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein an causes the imaging light beam to alternately take a direct projection path and a projection path of different length from cell to screen.

3 A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein an causes the imaging light beam to alternate between the path corrected for spherical aberration and a path in which that correction is disturbed.

4 A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the projection is carried out such that the unsharp images are displaced to one side and somewhat downward relative to the sharp images.

5 A method as claimed in claim 8, in carrying out which the size and unsharpness of the unsharp image projections are varied at will.

6 Apparatus according to claim II, characterized in that the projection lens is combined with a stationary mirror and with a rotating mirror arranged to be able to reflect the light beam onto said stationary mirror, which can reflect it onto the screen, where it is likely to form non-sharp images compared to the sharp images formed by the light beam in direct projection on the screen.

7 Apparatus according to claim II and sub-claim 6, characterized in that the stationary mirror is adjustable.

8 Apparatus according to claim II, characterized by a stationary mirror reflecting the light beam on the screen and which is provided with means for periodically varying the shape of its reflecting surface.

9 Apparatus according to claim II and sub-claim 6, characterized in that the rotatable mirror is arranged obliquely relative to the axis of the projection object so as to cross obliquely RTI ID="0006.0272" WI="3 " HE="4" LX="1341" LY="895"> the light beam, with a view to making it pass sometimes directly on the screen, sometimes by reflection on the stationary mirror which, in turn, serves to be reflected on the screen.

10 Apparatus according to claim II, characterized in that the projection lens comprises relatively movable lenticular elements so as to enable the correction of spherical aberration to be disturbed.

11 Apparatus according to claim II, characterized in that the projection objective comprises a rear lens formed of two separate lenticular elements whose distance from one another is periodically variable.

12 Apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the projection lens is arranged to be able to receive perpendicular lateral movement 6, its axis.

13 Apparatus according to claim II and sub-claim 11, characterized in that one of the lenticular elements of the projection lens is mounted on a mobile support biased by elastic means so as to assume a determined position, giving a certain distance between said lenticular el6ments, means. control being provided for periodically moving said support against the aforesaid resilient means.

14 Apparatus according to claim ff, characterized in that the modifying device comprises means for periodically bringing a disturbing element into cooperation with the projection lens so as to obtain the desired alternation of sharp and non-sharp images. sharp, placing it periodically in the axis of the projection lens. 1 Apparatus according to claim II and sub-claim 14, characterized in that the disturbing element is in the form of a grid. 16 Apparatus according to claim II and sub-claim 14, characterized in that the disturbing element consists of a plate of glass or parallel plane quartz. 17 Apparatus according to claim II and sub-claim 14, characterized in that the disturbing element consists of an array of plane-parallel glass sectors. 18 Apparatus according to claim II and sub-claim 14, characterized in that the disruptive element is mounted on a support capable of being adjusted on a cinematographic box. 19 Apparatus according to claim II, including adjustment means for being able to affect the modifying device so as to regulate its periodic action as appropriate to obtain the desired alternation of sharp and non-sharp images. 20 Apparatus according to claim II, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 of the annege drawing.