CA3042596C - Deicing and anti-icing fluid based on ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Deicing and anti-icing fluid based on ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Disclosed is a non-Newtonian fluid-type deicing and anti-icing liquid based on a super-long chain viscoelastic surfactant. The components comprised and the mass percentage of each component are as follows: 35%-94% of deionized water, 5%-64% of an alcohol, and 0.5%-15% of the super-long chain viscoelastic surfactant, wherein the super-long chain viscoelastic surfactant is a saturated or unsaturated alkyl surfactant with a carbon atom number of 18-24 or a mixture thereof; and the alcohol is a monohydric, dihydric or polyhydric alkyl alcohol with a carbon atom number of 2-5 or a mixture thereof. Further provided is a method for preparing the deicing and anti-icing liquid. The deicing and anti-icing liquid of the present invention has simple components and does not require the use of a polymer thickener, so that the components of the deicing and anti-icing liquid and the preparation process thereof can be simplified, and the performance and the safety of using the deicing and anti-icing liquid can also be ensured.
Description
Deicing and Anti-Icing Fluid Based on Ultra-Long Chain Viscoelastic Surfactant and Preparation Method Thereof Technical Field The present invention belongs to the field of deicing and anti-icing on object surface, and in particularly to a deicing/anti-icing fluid and a preparation method thereof.
Background In a humid environment at a subzero temperature, a surface of an object (e.g.
outer surfaces of roads, cables and aircrafts) is easy to freeze, which seriously affects people's lives and causes great safety hazards. Deicing and anti-icing are important measures to ensure safety in extreme environments, and the use of deicing/anti-icing fluid is the most effective method for deicing and anti-icing. The deicing/anti-icing fluid not only melts the ice on the surface of the object, but also avoids ice formation during a certain period of time, thereby ensuring the safety.
Components of most deicing/anti-icing fluids used currently are very complex, mainly including thickeners, surfactants, corrosion inhibitors, stabilizers, freezing point depressants, pH buffering agents, water, etc. The thickener is the key component, and mainly used to adjust the rheological properties of the deicing/anti-icing fluid, making the deicing/anti-icing fluid have high viscosity and shear thinning characteristic. The existing thickeners are mainly polymers, including synthetic polymers such as polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, etc., and natural polymers such as guar gum, xanthan gum, etc.
Polymer thickeners are indispensable components of most current deicing/anti-icing fluids. However, most of the polymer thickeners require a complex preparation process and high cost. Moreover, due to the special structures and functional groups of the polymer thickeners, stabilizers, pH buffering agents, =
corrosion inhibitors, etc. are always needed to be added for ensuring the safe use of the deicing/anti-icing fluid, which further complicates the components and preparation process of the deicing/anti-icing fluids. On the other hand, the deicing/anti-icing fluids usually require to be subjected to spraying operations at high shear rate during use, which results in mechanical degradations of polymer molecular chains in the deicing/anti-icing fluids, and thereby causes an irreversible effect on the rheological properties (e.g. apparent viscosity, shear thinning characteristic, etc.) of the deicing/anti-icing fluids. In addition, a gel-like substance will be formed after the polymer-type deicing/anti-icing fluid is dried on the surface of the object, bring a safety problem. If a gel is formed on the surface of the aircraft elevator by the polymer-type deicing/anti-icing fluid attached thereon, flight safety will be seriously affected.
The patent application with a publication number of CN105199671A discloses 'anti-icing fluid thickened by oligomeric cationic surfactant and preparation method thereof', and an anti-icing fluid based on the oligomeric cationic surfactant is obtained. However, the cationic surfactant used can increase viscosity only when anionic compounds are additionally added at a high concentration. The use of the additional agents not only increases the risk of corrosion to the surface of the object, but also easily causes instability of the anti-icing fluid system, thereby affecting the safety during use.
Summary In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the objective of the present invention is to provide a non-Newtonian fluid type deicing/anti-icing fluid based on an ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant and a preparation method thereof, so that a polymer thickener is not used. The components and preparation process of the deicing/anti-icing fluid are simplified, meanwhile, the performance and use safety of the deicing/anti-icing fluid are ensured.
Background In a humid environment at a subzero temperature, a surface of an object (e.g.
outer surfaces of roads, cables and aircrafts) is easy to freeze, which seriously affects people's lives and causes great safety hazards. Deicing and anti-icing are important measures to ensure safety in extreme environments, and the use of deicing/anti-icing fluid is the most effective method for deicing and anti-icing. The deicing/anti-icing fluid not only melts the ice on the surface of the object, but also avoids ice formation during a certain period of time, thereby ensuring the safety.
Components of most deicing/anti-icing fluids used currently are very complex, mainly including thickeners, surfactants, corrosion inhibitors, stabilizers, freezing point depressants, pH buffering agents, water, etc. The thickener is the key component, and mainly used to adjust the rheological properties of the deicing/anti-icing fluid, making the deicing/anti-icing fluid have high viscosity and shear thinning characteristic. The existing thickeners are mainly polymers, including synthetic polymers such as polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, etc., and natural polymers such as guar gum, xanthan gum, etc.
Polymer thickeners are indispensable components of most current deicing/anti-icing fluids. However, most of the polymer thickeners require a complex preparation process and high cost. Moreover, due to the special structures and functional groups of the polymer thickeners, stabilizers, pH buffering agents, =
corrosion inhibitors, etc. are always needed to be added for ensuring the safe use of the deicing/anti-icing fluid, which further complicates the components and preparation process of the deicing/anti-icing fluids. On the other hand, the deicing/anti-icing fluids usually require to be subjected to spraying operations at high shear rate during use, which results in mechanical degradations of polymer molecular chains in the deicing/anti-icing fluids, and thereby causes an irreversible effect on the rheological properties (e.g. apparent viscosity, shear thinning characteristic, etc.) of the deicing/anti-icing fluids. In addition, a gel-like substance will be formed after the polymer-type deicing/anti-icing fluid is dried on the surface of the object, bring a safety problem. If a gel is formed on the surface of the aircraft elevator by the polymer-type deicing/anti-icing fluid attached thereon, flight safety will be seriously affected.
The patent application with a publication number of CN105199671A discloses 'anti-icing fluid thickened by oligomeric cationic surfactant and preparation method thereof', and an anti-icing fluid based on the oligomeric cationic surfactant is obtained. However, the cationic surfactant used can increase viscosity only when anionic compounds are additionally added at a high concentration. The use of the additional agents not only increases the risk of corrosion to the surface of the object, but also easily causes instability of the anti-icing fluid system, thereby affecting the safety during use.
Summary In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the objective of the present invention is to provide a non-Newtonian fluid type deicing/anti-icing fluid based on an ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant and a preparation method thereof, so that a polymer thickener is not used. The components and preparation process of the deicing/anti-icing fluid are simplified, meanwhile, the performance and use safety of the deicing/anti-icing fluid are ensured.
2 The non-Newtonian fluid type deicing/anti-icing fluid based on the ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant of the present invention has the following components and corresponding mass percentages: 35% - 94% of deionized water, 5% - 64 % of an alcohol, and 0.5% - 15% of an ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant.
According to the above non-Newtonian fluid type deicing/anti-icing fluid based on the ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant, the ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant is at least one selected from saturated alkane surfactant and unsaturated alkane surfactant having a number of carbon atoms ranged from 18 to 24. For example, the saturated alkane surfactant may be sodium oleate, sodium arachidate, eicosyl dimethyl betaine, behenyl dimethyl amine oxide, etc., and the unsaturated alkane surfactant may be N- (cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine, N-(cis- octadeca-9-enoic acid amido propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine, sodium erucate, etc.
According to the above non-Newtonian fluid type deicing/anti-icing fluid based on the ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant, the unsaturated alkane surfactants are preferably N- (cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine and/or N-(cis- octadeca -9-enoic acid amido propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine.
According to the above non-Newtonian fluid type deicing/anti-icing fluid based on the ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant, the alcohol is selected from a monohydric alkyl alcohol, a dihydric alkyl alcohol, and a polyhydric alkyl alcohol having a number of carbon atoms ranged from 2 to 5. The monohydric alkyl alcohol is preferably ethanol, the dihydric alkyl alcohol is preferably ethylene glycol, and the trihydric alkyl alcohol is preferably glycerol.
A preparation method of the above non-Newtonian fluid type deicing/anti-icing fluid based on the ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant provided by the present invention includes: uniformly mixing deionized water and alcohol, and then mixing
According to the above non-Newtonian fluid type deicing/anti-icing fluid based on the ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant, the ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant is at least one selected from saturated alkane surfactant and unsaturated alkane surfactant having a number of carbon atoms ranged from 18 to 24. For example, the saturated alkane surfactant may be sodium oleate, sodium arachidate, eicosyl dimethyl betaine, behenyl dimethyl amine oxide, etc., and the unsaturated alkane surfactant may be N- (cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine, N-(cis- octadeca-9-enoic acid amido propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine, sodium erucate, etc.
According to the above non-Newtonian fluid type deicing/anti-icing fluid based on the ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant, the unsaturated alkane surfactants are preferably N- (cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine and/or N-(cis- octadeca -9-enoic acid amido propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine.
According to the above non-Newtonian fluid type deicing/anti-icing fluid based on the ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant, the alcohol is selected from a monohydric alkyl alcohol, a dihydric alkyl alcohol, and a polyhydric alkyl alcohol having a number of carbon atoms ranged from 2 to 5. The monohydric alkyl alcohol is preferably ethanol, the dihydric alkyl alcohol is preferably ethylene glycol, and the trihydric alkyl alcohol is preferably glycerol.
A preparation method of the above non-Newtonian fluid type deicing/anti-icing fluid based on the ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant provided by the present invention includes: uniformly mixing deionized water and alcohol, and then mixing
3 with ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant and stirring until the ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant is completely dissolved and uniformly mixed.
In the present invention, the ultra-long chain surfactants are all existing products, which can be purchased from the market or self-prepared.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. The present invention provides a new deicing/anti-icing fluid for the deicing and anti-icing operations on object surfaces.
2. The deicing/anti-icing fluid of the present invention does not contain a polymer thickener and has simple components and preparation process. No hydrogel is formed on the surface of the object after drying, thereby avoiding safety hazards.
3. The deicing/anti-icing fluid of the present invention does not need to be added with any additional agent during use, which is convenient to use. Moreover, the deicing/anti-icing fluid does not contain inorganic salts, has little corrosion to the surface of the object, and is environmentally friendly, thereby having good stability and safety in use, and capable of being produced and used on a large scale.
In the present invention, the ultra-long chain surfactants are all existing products, which can be purchased from the market or self-prepared.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. The present invention provides a new deicing/anti-icing fluid for the deicing and anti-icing operations on object surfaces.
2. The deicing/anti-icing fluid of the present invention does not contain a polymer thickener and has simple components and preparation process. No hydrogel is formed on the surface of the object after drying, thereby avoiding safety hazards.
3. The deicing/anti-icing fluid of the present invention does not need to be added with any additional agent during use, which is convenient to use. Moreover, the deicing/anti-icing fluid does not contain inorganic salts, has little corrosion to the surface of the object, and is environmentally friendly, thereby having good stability and safety in use, and capable of being produced and used on a large scale.
4. The viscoelastic surfactant in the deicing/anti-icing fluid of the present invention can exhibit a viscoelasticity similar to that of a polymer solution after self-assembled to form a worm-like micelle. After mechanical shearing, the viscosity and viscoelasticity of the deicing/anti-icing fluid can be quickly and reversibly recovered. Therefore, the deicing/anti-icing fluid of the present invention can maintain high viscosity and shear thinning characteristic. In addition, due to the non-Newtonian fluid properties, the deicing/anti-icing fluid is prone to adhering on the surface of the object and has low surface tension and high shear thinning characteristic, which meets the requirements as a deicing/anti-icing fluid.
5. The deicing/anti-icing fluid of the present invention has the characteristic of low temperature resistance, a freezing point of the deicing/anti-icing fluid can be lower than ¨40 C, and the deicing/anti-icing fluid can be applied at a temperature ranged from ¨40 C to 20 C.
6. In the formulation of the deicing/anti-icing fluid of the present invention, the rheological properties of the anti-icing fluid can be adjusted by changing the kind and content of the alcohol and the concentration of the surfactant.
Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1 is a diagram showing a relationship between a viscosity and a shear rate of a deicing/anti-icing fluid composed of 1.34 wt% of N- (cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propyI)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine and a mixed solvent of water and ethylene glycol in embodiment 1 at different temperatures;
Fig. 2 is a diagram showing a relationship between a viscosity and a shear rate of each of four deicing/anti-icing fluids composed of 1.34 wt% of N- (cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine and different contents of mixed solvents of water and ethylene glycol at a temperature of 20 C in embodiment 2;
Fig. 3 is a diagram showing a relationship between a viscosity and a shear rate of a deicing/anti-icing fluid composed of 3.57 wt% of N- (cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propyI)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine and a mixed solvent of water and ethanol in embodiment 3 at a temperature of -20 C;
Fig. 4 is a diagram showing a relationship between a viscosity and a shear rate of a deicing/anti-icing fluid composed of 1.25 wt% of N- (cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propyI)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine and a mixed solvent of water and glycerol at a temperature of -20 C in embodiment 4;
Fig. 5 is a diagram showing a relationship between a viscosity and a shear rate of a deicing/anti-icing fluid composed of 7.40 wt% of N- (cis- octadeca -9-enoic acid amido propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine and a mixed solvent of water and glycerol at different temperatures in embodiment 5; and Fig. 6 is a diagram showing an anti-icing effect of a deicing/anti-icing fluid composed of 2.22 wt% of N- (cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propyI)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine and a mixed solvent of water and ethylene glycol on a surface of an aluminum sheet in embodiment 7.
Detailed Description of the Embodiments The non-Newtonian fluid type deicing/anti-icing fluid based on the ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant and the preparation method thereof of the present invention are further illustrated by the following embodiments.
In the following embodiments, the ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant used was self-prepared in the laboratory, and a preparation method thereof refers to Chu Z, Feng Y (2009). A facile route towards preparation of ultra-long-chain amidosulfobetaine surfactants. Synlett 20:2655-2658. The alcohols were all purchased from reagent companies in the market.
In the following embodiments, the relationship between a apparent viscosity and a shear rate of the deicing/anti-icing fluid is measured by a rotary rheometer (Anto Paar, MCR 301).
In the following embodiments, heating (50 C) during the preparation of the deicing/anti-icing fluid aims to accelerate the dissolution of the ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant, and has no effect on the performance of the deicing/anti-icing fluid. Alternatively, stirring may be performed directly instead of heating until the ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant is dissolved and mixed evenly.
Embodiment 1 In the present embodiment, the formula of the deicing/anti-icing fluid is as follows:
Parts by mass Component (100 parts in total) Deionized water 46.64 Alcohol: ethylene glycol 52.02 Ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant: N-(cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido 1.34 propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine Preparation: according to the formula, the ethylene glycol was added to the deionized water at room temperature for uniform mixing, and then the N-(cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propyI)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine was added, meanwhile, the temperature was increased to 50 C, and stirring was performed until the N- (cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine was completely dissolved (for 1 hour) and mixed uniformly to obtain the deicing/anti-icing fluid.
The relationship between the apparent viscosity and the shear rate of the deicing/anti-icing fluid was respectively measured at ¨20 C, ¨10 C, 0 C, 10 C, and 20 C. The results are shown in Fig. 1. It can be seen from Fig. 1 that the deicing/anti-icing fluid respectively exhibites a high apparent viscosity at the above temperatures at a low shear rate.As the shear rate increases, the viscosity decreases significantly, that is, exhibiting obvious shear thinning characteristic, which meets the requirements of rheological properties of the non-Newtonian fluid type deicing/anti-icing fluid.
Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1 is a diagram showing a relationship between a viscosity and a shear rate of a deicing/anti-icing fluid composed of 1.34 wt% of N- (cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propyI)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine and a mixed solvent of water and ethylene glycol in embodiment 1 at different temperatures;
Fig. 2 is a diagram showing a relationship between a viscosity and a shear rate of each of four deicing/anti-icing fluids composed of 1.34 wt% of N- (cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine and different contents of mixed solvents of water and ethylene glycol at a temperature of 20 C in embodiment 2;
Fig. 3 is a diagram showing a relationship between a viscosity and a shear rate of a deicing/anti-icing fluid composed of 3.57 wt% of N- (cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propyI)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine and a mixed solvent of water and ethanol in embodiment 3 at a temperature of -20 C;
Fig. 4 is a diagram showing a relationship between a viscosity and a shear rate of a deicing/anti-icing fluid composed of 1.25 wt% of N- (cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propyI)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine and a mixed solvent of water and glycerol at a temperature of -20 C in embodiment 4;
Fig. 5 is a diagram showing a relationship between a viscosity and a shear rate of a deicing/anti-icing fluid composed of 7.40 wt% of N- (cis- octadeca -9-enoic acid amido propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine and a mixed solvent of water and glycerol at different temperatures in embodiment 5; and Fig. 6 is a diagram showing an anti-icing effect of a deicing/anti-icing fluid composed of 2.22 wt% of N- (cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propyI)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine and a mixed solvent of water and ethylene glycol on a surface of an aluminum sheet in embodiment 7.
Detailed Description of the Embodiments The non-Newtonian fluid type deicing/anti-icing fluid based on the ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant and the preparation method thereof of the present invention are further illustrated by the following embodiments.
In the following embodiments, the ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant used was self-prepared in the laboratory, and a preparation method thereof refers to Chu Z, Feng Y (2009). A facile route towards preparation of ultra-long-chain amidosulfobetaine surfactants. Synlett 20:2655-2658. The alcohols were all purchased from reagent companies in the market.
In the following embodiments, the relationship between a apparent viscosity and a shear rate of the deicing/anti-icing fluid is measured by a rotary rheometer (Anto Paar, MCR 301).
In the following embodiments, heating (50 C) during the preparation of the deicing/anti-icing fluid aims to accelerate the dissolution of the ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant, and has no effect on the performance of the deicing/anti-icing fluid. Alternatively, stirring may be performed directly instead of heating until the ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant is dissolved and mixed evenly.
Embodiment 1 In the present embodiment, the formula of the deicing/anti-icing fluid is as follows:
Parts by mass Component (100 parts in total) Deionized water 46.64 Alcohol: ethylene glycol 52.02 Ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant: N-(cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido 1.34 propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine Preparation: according to the formula, the ethylene glycol was added to the deionized water at room temperature for uniform mixing, and then the N-(cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propyI)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine was added, meanwhile, the temperature was increased to 50 C, and stirring was performed until the N- (cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine was completely dissolved (for 1 hour) and mixed uniformly to obtain the deicing/anti-icing fluid.
The relationship between the apparent viscosity and the shear rate of the deicing/anti-icing fluid was respectively measured at ¨20 C, ¨10 C, 0 C, 10 C, and 20 C. The results are shown in Fig. 1. It can be seen from Fig. 1 that the deicing/anti-icing fluid respectively exhibites a high apparent viscosity at the above temperatures at a low shear rate.As the shear rate increases, the viscosity decreases significantly, that is, exhibiting obvious shear thinning characteristic, which meets the requirements of rheological properties of the non-Newtonian fluid type deicing/anti-icing fluid.
7 Embodiment 2 In the present embodiment, four deicing/anti-icing fluids were prepared, and the formulas of the deicing/anti-icing fluids are as follows.
Parts by mass Component (100 parts in total) Deionized water 93.16 87.77 77.14 46.64 Alcohol: ethylene glycol 5.50 10.89 21.52 52.02 Ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant: N-(cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido 1.34 propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine Preparation of each deicing/anti-icing fluid: according to the formula, the ethylene glycol was added to the deionized water at room temperature for uniform mixing, and then the N-(cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine was added, meanwhile, the temperature was increased to 50 C, and stirring was performed until the N- (cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine was completely dissolved (for 1 hour) and mixed uniformly to obtain the deicing/anti-icing fluid.
The relationship between the apparent viscosity and the shear rate of each deicing/anti-icing fluid was measured at 20 C. The results are shown in Fig.
2. It can be seen from Fig. 2 that: (I) at a low shear rate, the four deicing/anti-icing fluids respectively exhibite a relatively high apparent viscosity at 20 C, and the viscosity decreases significantly as the shear rate increases, that is, exhibiting obvious shear thinning characteristic; (2) With the increase of the content of the ethylene glycol, the apparent viscosity of the deicing/anti-icing fluid is gradually reduced, but it still has obvious shear thinning characteristic, which meets the requirements of rheological properties of the non-Newtonian fluid type deicing/anti-icing fluid.
Parts by mass Component (100 parts in total) Deionized water 93.16 87.77 77.14 46.64 Alcohol: ethylene glycol 5.50 10.89 21.52 52.02 Ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant: N-(cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido 1.34 propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine Preparation of each deicing/anti-icing fluid: according to the formula, the ethylene glycol was added to the deionized water at room temperature for uniform mixing, and then the N-(cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine was added, meanwhile, the temperature was increased to 50 C, and stirring was performed until the N- (cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine was completely dissolved (for 1 hour) and mixed uniformly to obtain the deicing/anti-icing fluid.
The relationship between the apparent viscosity and the shear rate of each deicing/anti-icing fluid was measured at 20 C. The results are shown in Fig.
2. It can be seen from Fig. 2 that: (I) at a low shear rate, the four deicing/anti-icing fluids respectively exhibite a relatively high apparent viscosity at 20 C, and the viscosity decreases significantly as the shear rate increases, that is, exhibiting obvious shear thinning characteristic; (2) With the increase of the content of the ethylene glycol, the apparent viscosity of the deicing/anti-icing fluid is gradually reduced, but it still has obvious shear thinning characteristic, which meets the requirements of rheological properties of the non-Newtonian fluid type deicing/anti-icing fluid.
8 Embodiment 3 In the present embodiment, the formula of the deicing/anti-icing fluid is as follows:
Parts by mass Component (100 parts in total) Deionized water 53.10 Alcohol: ethanol 43.33 Ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant: N-(cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido 3.57 propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine Preparation: according to the formula, the ethanol was added to the deionized water at room temperature for uniform mixing, and then the N- (cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine was added, meanwhile, the temperature was increased to 50 C, and stirring was performed until the N-(cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine was completely dissolved (for 1 hour) and mixed uniformly to obtain the deicing/anti-icing fluid.
The relationship between the apparent viscosity and the shear rate of the deicing/anti-icing fluid was measured at -20 C. The results are shown in Fig.
3. It can be seen from Fig. 3 that, at a low shear rate, the deicing/anti-icing fluid exhibites a relatively high apparent viscosity, and the apparent viscosity decreases significantly as the shear rate increases, that is, exhibiting obvious shear thinning characteristic, which meets the requirements of rheological properties of the non-Newtonian fluid type
Parts by mass Component (100 parts in total) Deionized water 53.10 Alcohol: ethanol 43.33 Ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant: N-(cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido 3.57 propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine Preparation: according to the formula, the ethanol was added to the deionized water at room temperature for uniform mixing, and then the N- (cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine was added, meanwhile, the temperature was increased to 50 C, and stirring was performed until the N-(cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine was completely dissolved (for 1 hour) and mixed uniformly to obtain the deicing/anti-icing fluid.
The relationship between the apparent viscosity and the shear rate of the deicing/anti-icing fluid was measured at -20 C. The results are shown in Fig.
3. It can be seen from Fig. 3 that, at a low shear rate, the deicing/anti-icing fluid exhibites a relatively high apparent viscosity, and the apparent viscosity decreases significantly as the shear rate increases, that is, exhibiting obvious shear thinning characteristic, which meets the requirements of rheological properties of the non-Newtonian fluid type
9 deicing/anti-icing fluid.
Embodiment 4 In the present embodiment, the formula of the deicing/anti-icing fluid is as follows:
Parts by mass Component (100 parts in total) Deionized water 43.70 Alcohol: glycerol 55.05 Ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant: N-(cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido 1.25 propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine Preparation: according to the formula, the glycerol was added to the deionized water at room temperature for uniform mixing, and then the N- (cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine was added, meanwhile, the temperature was increased to 50 C, and stirring was performed until the N-(cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propyI)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine was completely dissolved (for 1 hour) and mixed uniformly to obtain the deicing/anti-icing fluid.
The relationship between the apparent viscosity and the shear rate of the deicing/anti-icing fluid was measured at -20 C. The results are shown in Fig.
4. It can be seen from Fig. 4 that, at a low shear rate, the deicing/anti-icing fluid exhibites a relatively high apparent viscosity, and the viscosity decreases significantly as the shear rate increases, that is, exhibiting obvious shear thinning characteristic, which meets the requirements of rheological properties of the non-Newtonian fluid type deicing/anti-icing fluid.
Embodiment 5 In the present embodiment, the formula of the deicing/anti-icing fluid is as follows:
Parts by mass Component (100 parts in total) Deionized water 73.96 Alcohol: glycerol 18.64 Ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant: N-(cis- octadeca -9-enoic acid amido 7.40 propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine Preparation: according to the formula, the glycerol was added to the deionized water at room temperature for uniform mixing, and then the N- (cis- octadeca -9-enoic acid amido propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine was added, meanwhile, the temperature was increased to 50 C, and stirring was performed until the N-(cis-octadeca -9-enoic acid amido propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine was completely dissolved (for 1 hour) and mixed uniformly to obtain the deicing/anti-icing fluid.
The relationship between the apparent viscosity and the shear rate of the deicing/anti-icing fluid was respectively measured at 0 C and -7.5 C. The results are shown in Fig. 5. It can be seen from Fig. 5 that, at the above temperatures, the deicing/anti-icing fluid exhibites a stable shear platform and a relatively high apparent viscosity at a low shear rate, and the viscosity decreases significantly as the shear rate increases, that is, exhibiting obvious shear thinning characteristic, which meets the requirements of rheological properties of the non-Newtonian fluid type deicing/anti-icing fluid.
Embodiment 6 In the present embodiment, five deicing/anti-icing fluids were prepared, and the formulas of the deicing/anti-icing fluids are as follows.
Parts by mass Component (100 parts in total) Deionized water 47.18 46.75 46.34 45.93 45.53 Alcohol: ethylene glycol 52.37 51.90 51.44 50.98 50.54 Ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant: 0.45 1.35 2.22 3.09 3.93 N- (cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine Preparation of each deicing/anti-icing fluid: according to the formula, the ethylene glycol was added to the deionized water at room temperature for uniform mixing, and then the N- (cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propyl)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine was added, meanwhile, the temperature was increased to 50 C, and stirring was performed until the N-(cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine was completely dissolved (for 1 hour) and mixed uniformly to obtain the deicing/anti-icing fluid.
The freezing points of the five deicing/anti-icing fluids were measured according to the Petrochemical Industry Standard SH / T 0090-91 of the People's Republic of China. The freezing points of the five deicing anti-icing fluids are ¨43.3 C, ¨41.5 C, ¨44.6 C, ¨45.4 C, ¨44.8 C, respectively, indicating that the deicing/anti-icing fluids of the present invention have relatively low freezing points and can be used in an extremely cold environment.
Embodiment 7 In the present embodiment, the formula of the deicing/anti-icing fluid is as follows:
Parts by mass Component (100 parts in total) Deionized water 46.34 Alcohol: ethylene glycol 51.44 Ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant: N-(cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido 2.22 propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine Preparation: according to the formula, the ethylene glycol was added to the deionized water at room temperature for uniform mixing, and then the N-(cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propyI)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine was added, meanwhile, the temperature was increased to 50 C, and stirring was performed until the N- (cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propyI)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine was completely dissolved (for 1 hour) and mixed uniformly to obtain the deicing/anti-icing fluid.
A lower half part of an aluminum sheet having a width of 1.5 cm and a length of 8 cm was immersed in the above deicing/anti-icing fluid to make the deicing/anti-icing fluid adhere to the surface of the lower half part of the aluminum sheet. Then, the aluminum sheet was placed in an environment having a temperature of ¨20 C and a relative humidity of 40%. After placing for 3 hours, it was found that the surface of the upper half part of the aluminum sheet which was not adhered with the deicing/anti-icing fluid was almost all frozen, while the surface of the lower half part of the aluminum sheet which was ahered with the deicing/anti-icing fluid was hardly changed, showing good anti-icing performance, as shown in Fig. 6.
Embodiment 4 In the present embodiment, the formula of the deicing/anti-icing fluid is as follows:
Parts by mass Component (100 parts in total) Deionized water 43.70 Alcohol: glycerol 55.05 Ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant: N-(cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido 1.25 propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine Preparation: according to the formula, the glycerol was added to the deionized water at room temperature for uniform mixing, and then the N- (cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine was added, meanwhile, the temperature was increased to 50 C, and stirring was performed until the N-(cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propyI)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine was completely dissolved (for 1 hour) and mixed uniformly to obtain the deicing/anti-icing fluid.
The relationship between the apparent viscosity and the shear rate of the deicing/anti-icing fluid was measured at -20 C. The results are shown in Fig.
4. It can be seen from Fig. 4 that, at a low shear rate, the deicing/anti-icing fluid exhibites a relatively high apparent viscosity, and the viscosity decreases significantly as the shear rate increases, that is, exhibiting obvious shear thinning characteristic, which meets the requirements of rheological properties of the non-Newtonian fluid type deicing/anti-icing fluid.
Embodiment 5 In the present embodiment, the formula of the deicing/anti-icing fluid is as follows:
Parts by mass Component (100 parts in total) Deionized water 73.96 Alcohol: glycerol 18.64 Ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant: N-(cis- octadeca -9-enoic acid amido 7.40 propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine Preparation: according to the formula, the glycerol was added to the deionized water at room temperature for uniform mixing, and then the N- (cis- octadeca -9-enoic acid amido propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine was added, meanwhile, the temperature was increased to 50 C, and stirring was performed until the N-(cis-octadeca -9-enoic acid amido propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine was completely dissolved (for 1 hour) and mixed uniformly to obtain the deicing/anti-icing fluid.
The relationship between the apparent viscosity and the shear rate of the deicing/anti-icing fluid was respectively measured at 0 C and -7.5 C. The results are shown in Fig. 5. It can be seen from Fig. 5 that, at the above temperatures, the deicing/anti-icing fluid exhibites a stable shear platform and a relatively high apparent viscosity at a low shear rate, and the viscosity decreases significantly as the shear rate increases, that is, exhibiting obvious shear thinning characteristic, which meets the requirements of rheological properties of the non-Newtonian fluid type deicing/anti-icing fluid.
Embodiment 6 In the present embodiment, five deicing/anti-icing fluids were prepared, and the formulas of the deicing/anti-icing fluids are as follows.
Parts by mass Component (100 parts in total) Deionized water 47.18 46.75 46.34 45.93 45.53 Alcohol: ethylene glycol 52.37 51.90 51.44 50.98 50.54 Ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant: 0.45 1.35 2.22 3.09 3.93 N- (cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine Preparation of each deicing/anti-icing fluid: according to the formula, the ethylene glycol was added to the deionized water at room temperature for uniform mixing, and then the N- (cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propyl)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine was added, meanwhile, the temperature was increased to 50 C, and stirring was performed until the N-(cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine was completely dissolved (for 1 hour) and mixed uniformly to obtain the deicing/anti-icing fluid.
The freezing points of the five deicing/anti-icing fluids were measured according to the Petrochemical Industry Standard SH / T 0090-91 of the People's Republic of China. The freezing points of the five deicing anti-icing fluids are ¨43.3 C, ¨41.5 C, ¨44.6 C, ¨45.4 C, ¨44.8 C, respectively, indicating that the deicing/anti-icing fluids of the present invention have relatively low freezing points and can be used in an extremely cold environment.
Embodiment 7 In the present embodiment, the formula of the deicing/anti-icing fluid is as follows:
Parts by mass Component (100 parts in total) Deionized water 46.34 Alcohol: ethylene glycol 51.44 Ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant: N-(cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido 2.22 propy1)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine Preparation: according to the formula, the ethylene glycol was added to the deionized water at room temperature for uniform mixing, and then the N-(cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propyI)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine was added, meanwhile, the temperature was increased to 50 C, and stirring was performed until the N- (cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propyI)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine was completely dissolved (for 1 hour) and mixed uniformly to obtain the deicing/anti-icing fluid.
A lower half part of an aluminum sheet having a width of 1.5 cm and a length of 8 cm was immersed in the above deicing/anti-icing fluid to make the deicing/anti-icing fluid adhere to the surface of the lower half part of the aluminum sheet. Then, the aluminum sheet was placed in an environment having a temperature of ¨20 C and a relative humidity of 40%. After placing for 3 hours, it was found that the surface of the upper half part of the aluminum sheet which was not adhered with the deicing/anti-icing fluid was almost all frozen, while the surface of the lower half part of the aluminum sheet which was ahered with the deicing/anti-icing fluid was hardly changed, showing good anti-icing performance, as shown in Fig. 6.
Claims (6)
1. A non-Newtonian fluid type deicing/anti-icing fluid based on an ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant, characterized in that the dicing/anti-icing fluid comprises the following components and corresponding mass percentages: 35% -94%
of deionized water, 5% - 64 % of an alcohol, and 0.5% - 15% of an ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant.
of deionized water, 5% - 64 % of an alcohol, and 0.5% - 15% of an ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant.
2. The non-Newtonian fluid type deicing/anti-icing fluid based on the ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant of claim 1, characterized in that the ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant is at least one selected from the group consisting of saturated alkane surfactant and unsaturated alkane surfactant, and a number of carbon atoms of the saturated alkane surfactant or the unsaturated alkane surfactant ranges from 18 to 24.
3. The non-Newtonian fluid type deicing/anti-icing fluid based on the ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant of claim 2, characterized in that the unsaturated alkane surfactant is N-(cis-docos-9-enoic acid amido propyI)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine and/or N-(cis-octadeca-9-enoic acid amido propyl)-N,N-dimethyl carboxylic acid betaine.
4. The non-Newtonian fluid type deicing/anti-icing fluid based on the ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant of any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the alcohol is at least one selected from the group consisting of a monohydric alkyl alcohol, a dihydric alkyl alcohol, and a polyhydric alkyl alcohol, and a number of carbon atoms of the monohydric alkyl alcohol, the dihydric alkyl alcohol, or the polyhydric alkyl alcohol ranges from 2 to 5.
5. The non-Newtonian fluid type deicing/anti-icing fluid based on the ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant of claim 4, characterized in that the monohydric alkyl alcohol is ethanol, the dihydric alkyl alcohol is ethylene glycol, and a trihydric alkyl alcohol is glycerol.
6. A preparation method of the non-Newtonian fluid type deicing/anti-icing fluid based on the ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant of any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that comprising: mixing the deionized water and the alcohol to obtain a first mixture, mixing the first mixture with the ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant to obtain a second mixture, and stirring the second mixture until the ultra-long chain viscoelastic surfactant is completely dissolved and uniformly mixed.
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| CN201710039535.3A CN106883819B (en) | 2017-01-18 | 2017-01-18 | A kind of ice-removing and ice-preventing liquid and preparation method thereof based on overlength chain Surfactant Used in Viscoelastic Fracturing Fluids |
| PCT/CN2017/107530 WO2018133470A1 (en) | 2017-01-18 | 2017-10-24 | Deicing and anti-icing liquid based on super-long chain viscoelastic surfactant and preparation method therefor |
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| CN1081197A (en) * | 1992-07-09 | 1994-01-26 | 王家君 | Anti-fog and antifrost agent for windscreen of vehicle |
| CN101831275A (en) * | 2010-05-24 | 2010-09-15 | 陕西高科理化技术有限公司 | Polymer-thickened non-Newton aircraft deicing/anti-icing liquid |
| CN106883819B (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2019-06-28 | 四川大学 | A kind of ice-removing and ice-preventing liquid and preparation method thereof based on overlength chain Surfactant Used in Viscoelastic Fracturing Fluids |
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