CA3004502C - Tool for fastening on a machine - Google Patents
Tool for fastening on a machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA3004502C CA3004502C CA3004502A CA3004502A CA3004502C CA 3004502 C CA3004502 C CA 3004502C CA 3004502 A CA3004502 A CA 3004502A CA 3004502 A CA3004502 A CA 3004502A CA 3004502 C CA3004502 C CA 3004502C
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- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- longitudinal
- cross
- screening device
- struts
- strut
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
- B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
- B28D1/18—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by milling, e.g. channelling by means of milling tools
- B28D1/186—Tools therefor, e.g. having exchangeable cutter bits
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/46—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens
- B07B1/4609—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens constructional details of screening surfaces or meshes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/46—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens
- B07B1/4609—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens constructional details of screening surfaces or meshes
- B07B1/4618—Manufacturing of screening surfaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B2201/00—Details applicable to machines for screening using sieves or gratings
- B07B2201/02—Fastening means for fastening screens to their frames which do not stretch or sag the screening surfaces
Abstract
The invention relates to a tool (10, 20) for fastening on a machine, in particular a screen machine, a road groover, or similar, the tool having a tool body (12, 50, 53), on which a functional unit (11, 11.1, 11.2, 11.4, 40, 30) comprising at least two materials of different damping properties is fastened, one material being a mechanically resistant material (11, 11.1, 11.2, 31, 32) and an intermediate material (11.4, 42, 43) being provided between the mechanically resistant material (11, 11.1, 11.2, 31, 32) and the tool body (12, 50, 53). An improved wear resistance compared to the wear resistance known from prior art is achieved in that the modulus of elasticity of the intermediate material (11.4, 42, 43) amounts to 30 % of the modulus of elasticity of the mechanically resistant material (11, 11.1, 11.2, 31, 32).
Description
Tool for Fastening on a Machine The invention relates to a tool for fastening on a machine, in particular a screen machine, a road groover, or similar, the tool having a tool body, on which a functional unit comprising at least two materials of different damping properties is fastened, one material being a mechanically resistant material and an intermediate material being provided between the mechanically resistant material and the tool body.
Tools for machines used to process mineral and/or vegetable materials are usually exposed to a high degree of wear. Examples of machines of this type include machines used for road construction and mining applications, but also agricultural machines used, for example, for soil cultivation processes such as mulching or ploughing, or chipping of wood or similar materials.
In order to minimize the wear of tools fastened to such machines, a method known from prior art is to provide functional tool elements that are particularly exposed to wear with mechanically resistant materials and/or to manufacture certain functional elements from mechanically resistant materials. For example, such functional elements include tips of chisel tools used, for example, for road construction and mining applications, or cutting elements in chipping tools or similar elements. Other options include wear protection elements such as those provided at the part of a ploughshare that is in contact with the ground, or at the surface of screen elements, or other tool parts.
For example, US Patent 8919567 B2 introduces an impact protection for use in a screening device for screening out oversize objects in a material flow. This invention features wear bars positioned on longitudinal ligaments, the wear bars consisting of materials such as chromium steel or carbide metal materials, or being attached to the wear bars as a second wear layer. The screen plate itself also consists of a metal plate and may feature a carbide coating, for example.
The wear layers may be welded on, soldered on, or glued on. Hard materials impacting on or colliding with the carbide metal material occasionally cause hard impacts that may result in significant wear, particularly breakage of the carbide metal material and also the underlying materials.
Therefore, the task of this invention is to provide tools of the type specified above with an improved wear resistance compared to the wear resistance of tools known from prior art.
This task is solved in that the modulus of elasticity of the intermediate material amounts to up to 30%, e.g. up to 10% (depending on the application, e.g. between 10%-30%, 0.01%4%, or other ranges suitable for the application in question) of the modulus of elasticity of the mechanically resistant material. The mechanically resistant material may be a carbide metal material or a composite material, such as a material composed of carbide metal (e.g. tungsten carbide, tungsten carbide cobalt) and PCD substrates, and features a modulus of elasticity between, for example, 300 GPa and 720 GPa, e.g. between 450 GPa and 650 GPa.
Due to the lower modulus of elasticity of the intermediate material, it is capable of advantageously damping impact energy in particular when the tool collides with hard materials such as rock-type materials. In addition to improved wear properties and a longer service life of the mechanically resistant material and/or other materials used in the machine, this may also result in reduced noise development on impact. It is also conceivable for the intermediate material to form a material layer of a spring element type; the material itself may feature a modulus of elasticity higher than 30% (or 10%, respectively) of the mechanically resistant material, but with the spring-type design, a damping effect through the material layer or intermediate material can be achieved that is equivalent to a full material within the specified modulus of elasticity range. As an example, such an effect could be achieved by at least one corrugated and/or curved spring washer being in contact with the mechanically resistant material or tool body with one or multiple contact surface(s) and/or points. Furthermore, it is conceivable for the intermediate material not to be arranged across the full surface, but in several unconnected and/or partially connected areas between the mechanically resistant material and the tool body.
The mechanically resistant material is directly or indirectly connected to the intermediate material. For example, an additional retaining and/or stabilizing element can be provided at least in some areas of the mechanically resistant material. This element can also be integrally connected to the mechanically resistant material. The retaining and/or stabilizing element can also be embedded in at least parts of the intermediate material and bonded to it in an integral and/or form-locked manner.
Tools for machines used to process mineral and/or vegetable materials are usually exposed to a high degree of wear. Examples of machines of this type include machines used for road construction and mining applications, but also agricultural machines used, for example, for soil cultivation processes such as mulching or ploughing, or chipping of wood or similar materials.
In order to minimize the wear of tools fastened to such machines, a method known from prior art is to provide functional tool elements that are particularly exposed to wear with mechanically resistant materials and/or to manufacture certain functional elements from mechanically resistant materials. For example, such functional elements include tips of chisel tools used, for example, for road construction and mining applications, or cutting elements in chipping tools or similar elements. Other options include wear protection elements such as those provided at the part of a ploughshare that is in contact with the ground, or at the surface of screen elements, or other tool parts.
For example, US Patent 8919567 B2 introduces an impact protection for use in a screening device for screening out oversize objects in a material flow. This invention features wear bars positioned on longitudinal ligaments, the wear bars consisting of materials such as chromium steel or carbide metal materials, or being attached to the wear bars as a second wear layer. The screen plate itself also consists of a metal plate and may feature a carbide coating, for example.
The wear layers may be welded on, soldered on, or glued on. Hard materials impacting on or colliding with the carbide metal material occasionally cause hard impacts that may result in significant wear, particularly breakage of the carbide metal material and also the underlying materials.
Therefore, the task of this invention is to provide tools of the type specified above with an improved wear resistance compared to the wear resistance of tools known from prior art.
This task is solved in that the modulus of elasticity of the intermediate material amounts to up to 30%, e.g. up to 10% (depending on the application, e.g. between 10%-30%, 0.01%4%, or other ranges suitable for the application in question) of the modulus of elasticity of the mechanically resistant material. The mechanically resistant material may be a carbide metal material or a composite material, such as a material composed of carbide metal (e.g. tungsten carbide, tungsten carbide cobalt) and PCD substrates, and features a modulus of elasticity between, for example, 300 GPa and 720 GPa, e.g. between 450 GPa and 650 GPa.
Due to the lower modulus of elasticity of the intermediate material, it is capable of advantageously damping impact energy in particular when the tool collides with hard materials such as rock-type materials. In addition to improved wear properties and a longer service life of the mechanically resistant material and/or other materials used in the machine, this may also result in reduced noise development on impact. It is also conceivable for the intermediate material to form a material layer of a spring element type; the material itself may feature a modulus of elasticity higher than 30% (or 10%, respectively) of the mechanically resistant material, but with the spring-type design, a damping effect through the material layer or intermediate material can be achieved that is equivalent to a full material within the specified modulus of elasticity range. As an example, such an effect could be achieved by at least one corrugated and/or curved spring washer being in contact with the mechanically resistant material or tool body with one or multiple contact surface(s) and/or points. Furthermore, it is conceivable for the intermediate material not to be arranged across the full surface, but in several unconnected and/or partially connected areas between the mechanically resistant material and the tool body.
The mechanically resistant material is directly or indirectly connected to the intermediate material. For example, an additional retaining and/or stabilizing element can be provided at least in some areas of the mechanically resistant material. This element can also be integrally connected to the mechanically resistant material. The retaining and/or stabilizing element can also be embedded in at least parts of the intermediate material and bonded to it in an integral and/or form-locked manner.
2 In an advantageous design variant of the invention, the modulus of elasticity of the intermediate material amounts to up to 66%, for example up to 5%, of the modulus of elasticity of the tool body, and/or the modulus of elasticity of the tool body amounts to up to 50%, for example 10% to 30%, of the modulus of elasticity of the mechanically resistant material. The tool body may be made of steel, permanent mould casting and/or a composite, and the intermediate material may, for example, be made of plastic (e.g.
polyurethane), a composite (e.g. carbon fiber composite, fiberglass composite), metal (e.g. soft metal such as copper, silver, or suitable alloys), or mineral components with additional binding agents.
Overall, the modulus of elasticity of the intermediate material may, for example, amount to between 0.001 GPa and 200 GPa, e.g. between 50 GPa and 150 GPa or 1 GPa and 5 GPa, or other ranges depending on the application, and the modulus of elasticity of the tool body may amount to between 50 GPa and 300 GPa, e.g. between 150 GPa and 250 GPa. Such a design of materials with respect to their modulus of elasticity allows for the individual tool elements to be ideally combined in terms of their mechanical properties, such as wear resistance (mechanically resistant material), damping properties (intermediate material), and stability combined with optimized cost (tool body). Preferably, the mechanically resistant material features the highest modulus of elasticity of the three materials, the tool body the second highest, and the intermediate material the lowest modulus of elasticity.
In order to further increase the wear resistance of the tool, it is advantageous to have the mechanically resistant material connected to an additional material with a modulus of elasticity amounting to at least 110%, e.g. at least 130%, of the modulus of elasticity of the mechanically resistant material. It is advantageous for this additional material to be applied to an area of the mechanically resistant material that is in contact with the material to be processed. This material could be a super-hard material, such as a polycrystalline diamond (PCD), titanium carbide, silicon carbide, niobium carbide, or a ceramic, which is particularly firmly bonded with the mechanically resistant material. Overall, the modulus of elasticity of the additional material may amount, for example, to between 400 GPa and 1050 GPa.
A good stability of the functional unit can be achieved by having at least two materials connected by at least one connecting element, with the connecting element being integrally molded to at least one of the materials. Advantageously, an equivalent counter-element can be
polyurethane), a composite (e.g. carbon fiber composite, fiberglass composite), metal (e.g. soft metal such as copper, silver, or suitable alloys), or mineral components with additional binding agents.
Overall, the modulus of elasticity of the intermediate material may, for example, amount to between 0.001 GPa and 200 GPa, e.g. between 50 GPa and 150 GPa or 1 GPa and 5 GPa, or other ranges depending on the application, and the modulus of elasticity of the tool body may amount to between 50 GPa and 300 GPa, e.g. between 150 GPa and 250 GPa. Such a design of materials with respect to their modulus of elasticity allows for the individual tool elements to be ideally combined in terms of their mechanical properties, such as wear resistance (mechanically resistant material), damping properties (intermediate material), and stability combined with optimized cost (tool body). Preferably, the mechanically resistant material features the highest modulus of elasticity of the three materials, the tool body the second highest, and the intermediate material the lowest modulus of elasticity.
In order to further increase the wear resistance of the tool, it is advantageous to have the mechanically resistant material connected to an additional material with a modulus of elasticity amounting to at least 110%, e.g. at least 130%, of the modulus of elasticity of the mechanically resistant material. It is advantageous for this additional material to be applied to an area of the mechanically resistant material that is in contact with the material to be processed. This material could be a super-hard material, such as a polycrystalline diamond (PCD), titanium carbide, silicon carbide, niobium carbide, or a ceramic, which is particularly firmly bonded with the mechanically resistant material. Overall, the modulus of elasticity of the additional material may amount, for example, to between 400 GPa and 1050 GPa.
A good stability of the functional unit can be achieved by having at least two materials connected by at least one connecting element, with the connecting element being integrally molded to at least one of the materials. Advantageously, an equivalent counter-element can be
3 ' , , provided on the other material. Alternatively or additionally, multiple connecting elements can form a microstructured connection, which might feature an interlocking grip through and/or on a roughened surface. Alternatively or additionally, an intermediate layer with connecting elements that also feature a microstructured design can be provided. Depending on the materials, an integral connection can also be provided, e.g. by welding or soldering. All in all, various integral, interlocking and/or force-locking connections are conceivable, which can be advantageously selected and/or combined depending on the material combinations and the area of application.
If an oxidation protection layer is planned between the mechanically resistant material and the intermediate material and/or between the intermediate material and the tool body, this can advantageously promote high tool stability.
In one advantageous design variant of the invention, the tool is designed as a chisel with a chisel body and the functional unit is designed as a chisel tip interlocking and/or integrally connected to the chisel body. The chisel tip can be soldered to the chisel body at least in some areas, with the soldering seam forming the intermediate material and/or a different intermediate material being provided. Furthermore, the chisel tip may feature an additional material such as PCD, to further increase the stability of the tool.
In another advantageous design variant of the invention, the tool is designed as a screening device with a base unit, and the functional unit is designed as a wear protection element with a wear protection layer and a damping element, in particular a damping plate, allocated to the said wear protection layer. In this design, the base unit represents the tool body and the wear protection element the functional unit. The wear protection layer is formed of a mechanically resistant material. The damping element consists of a damping material, such as a plastic (e.g.
polyurethane) and/or composite material (e.g. fiber/plastic composite) and/or copper, silver, or alloys thereof, with a modulus of elasticity between 0.001 GPa and 130 GPa, preferably between 0.1 and 10 GPa, e.g. 2 GPa. The damping element partially absorbs the impact energy when materials such as rock-type materials collide with the mechanically resistant material.
With this method, an improved wear resistance and a longer service life [can be achieved]; in
If an oxidation protection layer is planned between the mechanically resistant material and the intermediate material and/or between the intermediate material and the tool body, this can advantageously promote high tool stability.
In one advantageous design variant of the invention, the tool is designed as a chisel with a chisel body and the functional unit is designed as a chisel tip interlocking and/or integrally connected to the chisel body. The chisel tip can be soldered to the chisel body at least in some areas, with the soldering seam forming the intermediate material and/or a different intermediate material being provided. Furthermore, the chisel tip may feature an additional material such as PCD, to further increase the stability of the tool.
In another advantageous design variant of the invention, the tool is designed as a screening device with a base unit, and the functional unit is designed as a wear protection element with a wear protection layer and a damping element, in particular a damping plate, allocated to the said wear protection layer. In this design, the base unit represents the tool body and the wear protection element the functional unit. The wear protection layer is formed of a mechanically resistant material. The damping element consists of a damping material, such as a plastic (e.g.
polyurethane) and/or composite material (e.g. fiber/plastic composite) and/or copper, silver, or alloys thereof, with a modulus of elasticity between 0.001 GPa and 130 GPa, preferably between 0.1 and 10 GPa, e.g. 2 GPa. The damping element partially absorbs the impact energy when materials such as rock-type materials collide with the mechanically resistant material.
With this method, an improved wear resistance and a longer service life [can be achieved]; in
4 particular, the risk of breakage of the wear protection layer can be reduced.
In addition, a reduction of the impact noise can be achieved.
Preferably, the screening device features cross struts extending perpendicular to a screening material conveyor and longitudinal struts extending longitudinally to a screening material conveyor, with the cross and longitudinal struts forming screen openings. The screen openings may feature a rectangular design, for example, in particular a square design.
Having the screen openings formed by the struts allows for easy adjustment of the area size of the screen openings for specific processing tasks by simply varying the distance between the struts.
It is functionally efficient for the cross and/or longitudinal struts to feature lateral surfaces that are tilted at an angle a in relation to the vertical median longitudinal plane of the cross and/or longitudinal struts at least in some areas. The tilt is such that the distance of the lateral areas decreases downwards, in the direction facing away from the wear protection layer. Since the lateral areas define the screen openings at least in some areas, this alignment results in a downwards-increasing clear cross-section of the screen openings. This allows the screening material to drop through the screening device more easily, with a reduced risk of jamming. For example, angle a could be between 2 and 300, in particular between 50 and 100, and could be the same or different for different lateral surfaces. Other returning surface area progressions are also conceivable, for example of an arched type.
It is advantageous for a stable design of the screening device if a base body of the base unit features cross strut bodies and/or longitudinal strut bodies which are assigned to the cross and/or longitudinal struts, and if the damping element features cross strut and/or longitudinal strut layers assigned to the cross and/or longitudinal struts, the layers being attached at least in some areas to the top faces of the cross strut and/or longitudinal strut bodies facing in the direction of the wear protection layer.
If the cross strut and/or longitudinal strut layers laterally enclose the cross strut and/or longitudinal strut bodies at least partially while at least partially forming the lateral surfaces, a good protection for the cross strut and/or longitudinal strut bodies can be achieved. In particular, this also damps the impact noise of dropping screening material coming into contact with the lateral surfaces of the strut bodies.
An efficient wear protection can be achieved by having the wear protection layer on the top face of the screening device being formed by cross elements on the cross struts and by longitudinal elements on the longitudinal struts. The top face of the screening device faces in the direction of the approaching, unclassified material. By having the wear protection layer formed by individual elements, a segmentation of the wear protection layer is achieved, which advantageously allows for the prevention of breakage of the wear protection layer and increased its stability. The cross and/or longitudinal elements can be elongated on the top face in their surface area, but also square or with a shorter length than width, for example.
To achieve a reliable attachment of the elements to the damping element, connecting parts used for form-locking and/or integral connection to the underlying cross strut and/or longitudinal strut bodies of the damping element can be advantageously arranged on the undersides of the cross and/or longitudinal elements.
In a further advantageous design, the cross elements feature downward-facing legs on the cross struts' sides facing against the direction of the screening material conveyor to form a protective surface, wherein the said legs form the lateral surfaces facing against the direction of the screening material conveyor at least in some areas. The screening material conveyor impresses an impulse on the screening material, causing the screening material to frequently collide with these lateral surfaces. The legs of the cross elements, which are made of mechanically resistant material, can protect the lateral surfaces from the impact of the screening material. This can also contribute to an increased stability of the screening device.
An advantageous pressure distribution of the longitudinal elements across the longitudinal strut layer can be achieved by the longitudinal elements featuring an essentially trapezoid cross-section perpendicular to their vertical median longitudinal plane.
"Essentially" means that two parallel surfaces are present, in this case, the top and undersides, as well as two surfaces converging towards the underside, in this case, the lateral surfaces of the longitudinal elements. In this design, rounded-off transitions are provided between the surfaces.
Furthermore, the connecting part is molded to the longitudinal element on the underside in one piece. A design of this type can also save on expensive mechanically resistant material.
An advantageous segmentation has been achieved with a design featuring at least two cross and/or longitudinal elements being arranged on a segment of the cross and/or longitudinal struts which is assigned to one of the screen openings.
In an advantageous design variant, the longitudinal elements of the longitudinal struts are arranged in immediate succession across at least part of the intersections of the longitudinal and cross struts. In this way, at least part of the intersections between cross and longitudinal struts is covered by the longitudinal elements. This advantageously results in a continuous of the surface [sic] along the conveying direction of the screening material. In this way, interfering transverse irregularities and/or transition areas in the longitudinal guides can be minimized, which contributes to an improved conveyance of the loose material.
To achieve a reliable attachment of the screening device to the machine, it is advantageous for the screening device to feature side parts with apertures for retaining fastening elements. In an advantageous design, covers for the apertures, in particular made of damping material, can be provided. In this way, a largely continuous surface of the side parts can be achieved, which reduces the amount of material deposits, for example.
The invention is explained in more detail below, using illustrative embodiments with references to the drawings. These show:
Fig. 1 a lateral partial section view of a chisel with a chisel tip;
Fig. 2 a perspective top view of a screening device;
Fig. 3 a perspective bottom view of the screening device shown in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 a top view of the screening device shown in Fig. 2;
Fig. 5 a vertical section of the screening device as identified in Fig.
4;
Fig. 6 a detail from Fig. 5 showing a vertical section of a cross strut of the screening device;
Fig. 7 a vertical section of a cross strut according to Fig. 4 through a part of the length with two longitudinal struts;
Fig. 8 a longitudinal strut of the screening device as a vertical section identified in Fig.
4;
Fig. 9 an aperture of the screening device as a vertical section identified in Fig. 4;
Fig. 10 a, b a cover of the aperture as a perspective view and a vertical section;
Fig. 11 a, b a cross element of the wear protection layer of the screening device as a perspective view and a front view; and Fig. 12 a. b a longitudinal element of the wear protection layer of the screening device as a perspective view and a front view.
Fig. 1 shows a chisel (10) as a tool for fastening, for example by means of a chisel holder, on a machine used for road work and/or mining operations. As a functional unit for striking against the material to be worked, the chisel (10) features a chisel tip (11) on its top end, essentially consisting of a mechanically resistant material (e.g. with a modulus of elasticity (E) between 550 and 720 GPa). In addition, the pointed end of the chisel tip (11) has a layer of super-hard cutting material (11.1) attached to it, which features an even greater hardness than the chisel tip (11) (e.g. with a modulus of elasticity between 720 and 1050 GPa). The cutting material (11.1) is made, for example, of polycrystalline diamond (PCD) and can be form-locked and/or integrally connected to the chisel tip (11). In this way, the wear resistance of the chisel tip (11) is further increased compared to a mechanically resistant material as the contact area. A
shoulder (11.2) made of mechanically resistant material is molded in one piece or form-locked and/or integrally attached, e.g. soldered, to the bottom end of the chisel tip (11), opposite the top end. Underneath the shoulder (11.2), an oxidation protection layer (11.3) can be provided to protect the mechanically resistant material from corrosion. Underneath the shoulder (11.2) and/or the oxidation protection layer (11.3), a damping body (11.4) is attached to the shoulder (11.2) and/or the oxidation protection layer (11.3) as an intermediate material of the chisel tip (11) in a force-locked, form-locked, and/or integral manner. The damping body (11.4) is significantly more elastic than the rest of the chisel tip (11) (e.g. with a modulus of elasticity between 80 and 150 GPa), and can be made of copper, silver, nickel, or a suitable alloy, for example.
The chisel tip (11) with the shoulder (11.2) and the damping body (11.4) is inserted into an upwards-facing retainer provided for this purpose in the chisel body and attached to the chisel body (12) in a force-locked, form-locked, and/or integral manner; for example, the shoulder (11.2) can be soldered to the chisel body (12). The chisel body (12) is made of steel and features a circumferential nut (12.1) in its extension towards a downward-facing chisel shaft (13). The nut (12.1) serves as a tool retainer into which a dismantling tool can be inserted. This dismantling tool can be used to remove the chisel (10) from the chisel holder.
Other embodiments of the chisel (10) are also conceivable.
The damping body (11.4) has the effect that when the chisel tip (11) strikes the hard material to be worked, the impact is absorbed due to the increased elasticity. This results in a lower abrupt impact stress of the chisel tip (11), as well as the chisel body (12) and the machine. This can be advantageous, particularly when PCD is used, since this material features a lower impact resistance than, for example, carbide metal. Overall, an increased stability of the chisel (10) is achieved.
As a further example of the tool proposed by the invention, Fig. 2 shows a perspective top view of a screening device (20). The screening device (20) can be used, for example, in machines for grading or pre-sorting loose material, such as rock and/or crushed materials, but also in agricultural applications. The screening device (20) features cross struts (21) arranged perpendicular to a direction of conveyance (F) of the loose material, as well as longitudinal struts (22) extending longitudinally to the direction of conveyance (F), with rectangular screen openings (23) being enclosed by the struts. Furthermore, the screening device (20) features side parts (24) on the side facing in the direction of the direction of conveyance (F) and on the opposite side, which contain apertures (60) for fastening the screening device (20) to the machine. The screen openings (23) in a first row (perpendicular to the direction of conveyance (F)) ¨ viewed from the direction of conveyance (F) ¨ are bordered by one of the side parts (24) on the side facing the direction of conveyance (F), and the screen openings (23) in a final row are bordered by the other side part (24) on the side facing away from the direction of conveyance (F).
As the tool body, the screening device (20) features a base unit (50) arranged on its underside, which is essentially made of a metal material, such as steel. As part of a functional unit intended as a wear protection element, a damping element (40), such as a damping plate, is form-locked and/or integrally attached to the base unit (50) as an intermediate material. The damping element (40) consists of a material featuring a higher elasticity than the base unit (50).
In particular, it can be made of plastic and/or a composite material, and can be attached to the base unit (50), for example, by means of a casting process or other method. In addition, an oxidation protection layer (not shown here) could be provided between the base unit (50) and the damping element (40). On the top side of the screening device (20) opposite the underside, on which the loose material is conveyed, a wear protection layer (30) is attached to the damping element (40) as a further part of the functional unit. An oxidation protection layer could also be provided between the wear protection layer (30) and the damping element (40).
Cross elements (31) of the wear protection layer (30) are arranged on the cross struts (21), and longitudinal elements (32) of the wear protection layer (30) are arranged on the longitudinal struts (22). The margin of the side part (24) forming the border of the screen openings (23) facing in the opposite direction of the direction of conveyance (F), i.e., in the final row, is also equipped with cross elements (31) (see Fig. 4). The margin of the side part (24) forming the border of the screen openings (23) facing in the direction of conveyance (F), i.e., in the first row, is equipped with longitudinal elements (32) even though the boundary is transverse. The reason for this is that the cross elements (31) are designed to encompass an edge positioned against the direction of conveyance (F) which is not present on this transverse margin. The cross and longitudinal elements (31, 32) are designed as wear-resistant by ensuring they are made of a mechanically resistant material. On those sections of the cross and longitudinal struts (21, 22) and also on segments of the border margins of the side parts (24) which enclose one of the screen openings (23), respectively, at least two cross or longitudinal elements (31, 32) each are arranged. These relatively short-segment design of the cross and longitudinal elements (31, 32) advantageously reduces the probability of breakage of the cross and longitudinal elements (31, 32) when exposed to impact-type stress, thus increasing the resistance capability of the wear protection layer (30) and the wear protection element, respectively.
Fig. 3 illustrates a more detailed design of the base unit (50). On the undersides of each of the two side parts (24) of the screening device (20), the base unit (50) features an angle element (51). The supports (51.1) of the angle elements (51) are essentially positioned parallel to the top side of the screening device (20), as components of the side parts (24).
Perpendicular to these and facing downward in a tipping direction (S) of the screened material, guides (51.2) of the angle elements (51) are attached, e.g. by welding, to the supports (51.1), essentially running along the bordering margins of the side parts (24). The angle elements (51) are for the precise fitting of the screening device (20) in the machine.
On the top side of the angle elements (51), a base plate (53) of the base unit (50) is arranged with side elements (51.1) as parts of the side parts (24). Furthermore, the base plate (53) features cross strut bodies (53.2) and longitudinal strut bodies (53.3) as components of the cross and longitudinal struts (21, 22). Underneath the longitudinal strut bodies (53.3), extending from the guide (51.2) on one side of the screening device (20) to the guide (51.2) on the opposite side, ligaments (52) are arranged which extend in the tipping direction (S), roughly equivalent to the dimension of the downward dimension of the guides (51.2).
The ligaments are arranged underneath every second longitudinal strut (22), each starting on the inside of the outermost row of screen openings (23). The purpose of the ligaments is to stabilize the base unit (50) and/or the screening device (20).
Fig. 4 shows a top view of the screening device (20), providing a view of its top side with the wear protection layer (30). The quadrangular ¨ rectangular, in particular ¨screen openings (23), each enclosed by sections of two longitudinal struts (22) and two cross struts (21) and/or by margins of the side parts (24), are visible. Their longitudinal direction is aligned with the direction of conveyance (F). Depending on the grading task, other shapes and alignments of the screen openings (23), such as square openings or rectangles with a longitudinal direction perpendicular to the direction of conveyance (F), are also conceivable.
Furthermore, Fig. 4 shows the wear protection layer (30) with the arrangement of the cross and longitudinal elements (31, 32). The longitudinal dimension of the elements (31, 32) is such that per cross and longitudinal strut (21, 22) section bordering a screen opening (23), at least two elements (31, 32) are arranged. This results in a segmentation of the wear protection layer (30), which minimizes the risk of breakage of the wear protection layer (30). The segmentation could also be achieved by means of larger and/or in particular also smaller elements (31, 32).
Furthermore, the illustration shows that the longitudinal elements (32) are arranged in immediate succession along the longitudinal struts (22), resulting in a largely continuous progression of the wear protection layer (30) formed by the longitudinal elements (32) on the longitudinal struts (22). In particular, the intersecting areas between the cross and longitudinal struts (21 and 22) are covered by longitudinal elements (32). In this way, unwanted irregularities and/or transition areas along the longitudinal struts (22) can be advantageously avoided, allowing the loose material largely moving in the direction of conveyance (F) to flow freely with fewer obstacles. Also, the longitudinal elements (32) are easier to arrange in this area since they feature no lateral legs, as Fig. 8 will illustrate later.
Fig. 5 shows a vertical section of the screening device (20) in the direction of the tilting direction (S), as identified in Fig. 4. The drawing clearly shows the layered structure of the side parts (24), with the supports (51.1) at the very bottom and the side elements (53.1) of the base unit (50) attached on top. Across the surfaces of the side elements (53.1), side element covers (41) of the damping element (40) are arranged, forming the top side of the side parts (24). Furthermore, it can be seen that the damping element (40) also covers the cross struts (21) with a cross strut layer (42) and the longitudinal struts (22) with a longitudinal strut layer (43).
Fig. 6 shows an enlarged detail cross-section view of one of the cross-struts (21) from Fig. 5, showing their cross-section shape and structure in more detail. Lateral surfaces (21.1) of the cross strut (21) run between the top side (with the wear protection layer (30)) and underside of the cross strut (21), which are parallel to each other. The lateral surfaces (21.1) are tilted in relation to a median longitudinal plane (M) extending in the tipping direction (S) and along the cross strut (22) by an angle a (for example, a being between 2' and 15 , in particular between and 10 ) in such a way that the two lateral surfaces (21.1) converge in a downwards direction. Between the parallel top side and underside and the tilted lateral surfaces (21.1), the result is essentially a trapezoid cross-section of the cross strut (21). This design of the cross struts and also the longitudinal struts (see Fig. 8), as well as of the bordering margins of the side parts (24), results in a clear cross-section of the screen openings (23) that grows larger in a downwards direction (in the tipping direction (S)), which allows the screening material to drop through the screening device (20) more easily. The increasing clear cross-section could also be =
=
achieved with a different tilt of the lateral surfaces or a different retreating design, such as an arched or staggered design wherein some of the lateral surfaces could also extend vertically downwards.
The underside of the cross strut (21) is formed by the underside of the cross strut body (53.2) and a bottom end of the cross strut layer (42). The cross strut layer (42) encompasses the cross strut body (53.2) along its lateral surfaces and its top side. This reduces the probability of direct contact between the conveyed material and the cross strut body (53.2) and ensures a good damping effect. On top of the cross strut layer (42), the cross element (31) is attached, with a top-facing cross surface (31.1) as part of the wear protection layer (30). To achieve a form-locked and/or integral attachment to the cross strut layer (42), a connecting part (31.2) is molded into one piece with the cross element (31) on the underside of the cross element (31) opposite to the cross surface (31.1).
On the side facing against the direction of conveyance (F), a downward-facing leg (31.3) is molded to the cross element (31) to form a protective surface (31.4). The protective surface (31.4) forms part of the lateral surface (21.1) facing against the direction of conveyance (F), and it is tilted accordingly by the angle a. Thus, the angle between the cross surface (31.1) and the protective surface (31.4) is 900 - a. The protective surface (31.4) protects the cross surface facing against the direction of conveyance from the conveyed material, as the direction of conveyance causes the material to preferably impact on this side and/or edge as well. To ensure that there is enough room for sufficient damping material and a sufficient damping effect between the leg (31.3) and the cross strut body (53.2), the cross strut body (53.2) is shifted laterally in the cross strut (21) in relation to the median longitudinal plane (M).
Fig. 7 shows a vertical section according to Fig. 4 along an area of one of the cross struts (21) through intersecting areas with two longitudinal struts (22). In the intersecting areas, the wear protection layer (30) is formed by longitudinal surfaces (32.1) of the longitudinal elements (32).
Fig. 8 provides a more detailed view of a vertical section of a longitudinal strut (22) shown in Fig 4, illustrating its structure and cross-section. Similarly to the cross struts (21) (see Fig. 6), the longitudinal strut (22) shown here also features an essentially trapezoid cross-section with tilted lateral surfaces (22.1) to form the expanding clear cross-section of the screen openings (23). The underside is essentially formed by the longitudinal strut body (53.3) and, in a small part, by the longitudinal strut layer (43). The longitudinal strut layer (43) encompasses the two lateral surfaces and the top side of the longitudinal strut body (53.3), so the latter is largely surrounded by damping material. On top of the longitudinal strut layer (43), the longitudinal element (32) is connected to the longitudinal strut layer (43) in a form-locked and/or integral manner. With its longitudinal surface (32.1), which completely covers the longitudinal strut layer (43) on the top side, the longitudinal element (32) forms part of the wear protection layer (30). Apart from a rounded transition to the lateral surfaces (32.3), the remaining surfaces of the longitudinal element (32) are embedded in the longitudinal strut layer (43) in order to achieve a defined surface formation of the wear protection layer (30) on the longitudinal struts (22), essentially on their top side. As a connecting element, a connecting part (32.2) is molded to the underside of the longitudinal element (32) in one piece. The structure of the longitudinal strut (22), unlike that of the cross strut (21), is symmetrical to its median longitudinal plane (M).
Fig. 9 shows one of the apertures (60) identified in Fig. 4 as a vertical section. The aperture (60) features a recess (61) extending through the side element cover (41) and the side element (53.1). In particular, the purpose of the recess (61) is to receive the head of a fastener, such as a screw, to fasten the screening device (20) (not shown here). The recess (61) ends in a duct (62) extending downwards through the support (51.1) of the angle element (51). The fastening section of a fastener, such as a thread section (not shown here) can be guided through the duct (62).
To protect the head of the fastener and to form an essentially closed surface of the side parts (24), the apertures (60) are provided with a cover (63), which is shown in Fig. 10a and 10b. The cover (63) consists of the same material as the damping element (40), but could also be made of a different material. A cavity (63.2) in the cover (63) for encompassing the head of a fastener when fully assembled can be seen in the perspective view (Fig. 10a), as well as in the vertical section (Fig. 10b). Furthermore, the cover (63) features fin-shaped elements (63.1) on its outside circumference. The fin elements (63.1) are capable of yielding when the cover (63) is pressed up into the recess (61) and jamming the cover (63) in the recess (61).
Figures 11a and 11b show a perspective view from below and a top view of the cross element (31). It can be seen in Fig. 11a that its cross-section shape and the front view, respectively, continue across the longitudinal area of the cross element (31). Also visible are the rounded transitions of the individual surfaces on the underside, which is in contact with the cross strut layer (42). Specifically, this is the transition between a rear side of the leg (31.3) and an underside opposite to the cross surface (31.1), as well as its marginal surfaces and the transitions to the connecting part (31.2). The rounded transitions ensure that the damping material of the cross strut layer (42) lies evenly against the cross element (31).
Figures 12a and 12b show a top and a front view of the longitudinal element (32). Its cross-section shape and front view also continue across the longitudinal area of the longitudinal element (32). In Fig. 12b, the essentially trapezoid cross-section of the longitudinal element (32) is visible. The longitudinal surface (32.1) and an opposite underside face each other and are parallel to each other. The top side and the underside are connected by lateral surfaces (32.3) tilt inwards towards the underside. The tilt is more pronounced than that of the lateral surfaces (22.1), so all sides of the longitudinal element (32), except for the longitudinal surface (32.1) and a rounded transition to the lateral surfaces (32.1) lie within the longitudinal strut layer (43) when assembled. The transitions between the surfaces are rounded, as are the transitions to the connecting part (32.2) molded in one piece to the underside.
The structure described results in a screening device (20) that is resistant to wear and/or impact or similar stress, due to the wear protection layer (30) made of mechanically resistant material, on the one hand. At the same time, the damping element designed as a damping plate partly absorbs the impact energy when materials such as rock-type materials collide with the mechanically resistant material. In this way, a longer service life of the wear protection layer (30) and a reduction of impact noise can be achieved in an advantageous manner.
In another example not shown here, a ploughshare with its surface aligned in the feed direction could also be equipped with the functional unit proposed by the invention.
In addition, a reduction of the impact noise can be achieved.
Preferably, the screening device features cross struts extending perpendicular to a screening material conveyor and longitudinal struts extending longitudinally to a screening material conveyor, with the cross and longitudinal struts forming screen openings. The screen openings may feature a rectangular design, for example, in particular a square design.
Having the screen openings formed by the struts allows for easy adjustment of the area size of the screen openings for specific processing tasks by simply varying the distance between the struts.
It is functionally efficient for the cross and/or longitudinal struts to feature lateral surfaces that are tilted at an angle a in relation to the vertical median longitudinal plane of the cross and/or longitudinal struts at least in some areas. The tilt is such that the distance of the lateral areas decreases downwards, in the direction facing away from the wear protection layer. Since the lateral areas define the screen openings at least in some areas, this alignment results in a downwards-increasing clear cross-section of the screen openings. This allows the screening material to drop through the screening device more easily, with a reduced risk of jamming. For example, angle a could be between 2 and 300, in particular between 50 and 100, and could be the same or different for different lateral surfaces. Other returning surface area progressions are also conceivable, for example of an arched type.
It is advantageous for a stable design of the screening device if a base body of the base unit features cross strut bodies and/or longitudinal strut bodies which are assigned to the cross and/or longitudinal struts, and if the damping element features cross strut and/or longitudinal strut layers assigned to the cross and/or longitudinal struts, the layers being attached at least in some areas to the top faces of the cross strut and/or longitudinal strut bodies facing in the direction of the wear protection layer.
If the cross strut and/or longitudinal strut layers laterally enclose the cross strut and/or longitudinal strut bodies at least partially while at least partially forming the lateral surfaces, a good protection for the cross strut and/or longitudinal strut bodies can be achieved. In particular, this also damps the impact noise of dropping screening material coming into contact with the lateral surfaces of the strut bodies.
An efficient wear protection can be achieved by having the wear protection layer on the top face of the screening device being formed by cross elements on the cross struts and by longitudinal elements on the longitudinal struts. The top face of the screening device faces in the direction of the approaching, unclassified material. By having the wear protection layer formed by individual elements, a segmentation of the wear protection layer is achieved, which advantageously allows for the prevention of breakage of the wear protection layer and increased its stability. The cross and/or longitudinal elements can be elongated on the top face in their surface area, but also square or with a shorter length than width, for example.
To achieve a reliable attachment of the elements to the damping element, connecting parts used for form-locking and/or integral connection to the underlying cross strut and/or longitudinal strut bodies of the damping element can be advantageously arranged on the undersides of the cross and/or longitudinal elements.
In a further advantageous design, the cross elements feature downward-facing legs on the cross struts' sides facing against the direction of the screening material conveyor to form a protective surface, wherein the said legs form the lateral surfaces facing against the direction of the screening material conveyor at least in some areas. The screening material conveyor impresses an impulse on the screening material, causing the screening material to frequently collide with these lateral surfaces. The legs of the cross elements, which are made of mechanically resistant material, can protect the lateral surfaces from the impact of the screening material. This can also contribute to an increased stability of the screening device.
An advantageous pressure distribution of the longitudinal elements across the longitudinal strut layer can be achieved by the longitudinal elements featuring an essentially trapezoid cross-section perpendicular to their vertical median longitudinal plane.
"Essentially" means that two parallel surfaces are present, in this case, the top and undersides, as well as two surfaces converging towards the underside, in this case, the lateral surfaces of the longitudinal elements. In this design, rounded-off transitions are provided between the surfaces.
Furthermore, the connecting part is molded to the longitudinal element on the underside in one piece. A design of this type can also save on expensive mechanically resistant material.
An advantageous segmentation has been achieved with a design featuring at least two cross and/or longitudinal elements being arranged on a segment of the cross and/or longitudinal struts which is assigned to one of the screen openings.
In an advantageous design variant, the longitudinal elements of the longitudinal struts are arranged in immediate succession across at least part of the intersections of the longitudinal and cross struts. In this way, at least part of the intersections between cross and longitudinal struts is covered by the longitudinal elements. This advantageously results in a continuous of the surface [sic] along the conveying direction of the screening material. In this way, interfering transverse irregularities and/or transition areas in the longitudinal guides can be minimized, which contributes to an improved conveyance of the loose material.
To achieve a reliable attachment of the screening device to the machine, it is advantageous for the screening device to feature side parts with apertures for retaining fastening elements. In an advantageous design, covers for the apertures, in particular made of damping material, can be provided. In this way, a largely continuous surface of the side parts can be achieved, which reduces the amount of material deposits, for example.
The invention is explained in more detail below, using illustrative embodiments with references to the drawings. These show:
Fig. 1 a lateral partial section view of a chisel with a chisel tip;
Fig. 2 a perspective top view of a screening device;
Fig. 3 a perspective bottom view of the screening device shown in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 a top view of the screening device shown in Fig. 2;
Fig. 5 a vertical section of the screening device as identified in Fig.
4;
Fig. 6 a detail from Fig. 5 showing a vertical section of a cross strut of the screening device;
Fig. 7 a vertical section of a cross strut according to Fig. 4 through a part of the length with two longitudinal struts;
Fig. 8 a longitudinal strut of the screening device as a vertical section identified in Fig.
4;
Fig. 9 an aperture of the screening device as a vertical section identified in Fig. 4;
Fig. 10 a, b a cover of the aperture as a perspective view and a vertical section;
Fig. 11 a, b a cross element of the wear protection layer of the screening device as a perspective view and a front view; and Fig. 12 a. b a longitudinal element of the wear protection layer of the screening device as a perspective view and a front view.
Fig. 1 shows a chisel (10) as a tool for fastening, for example by means of a chisel holder, on a machine used for road work and/or mining operations. As a functional unit for striking against the material to be worked, the chisel (10) features a chisel tip (11) on its top end, essentially consisting of a mechanically resistant material (e.g. with a modulus of elasticity (E) between 550 and 720 GPa). In addition, the pointed end of the chisel tip (11) has a layer of super-hard cutting material (11.1) attached to it, which features an even greater hardness than the chisel tip (11) (e.g. with a modulus of elasticity between 720 and 1050 GPa). The cutting material (11.1) is made, for example, of polycrystalline diamond (PCD) and can be form-locked and/or integrally connected to the chisel tip (11). In this way, the wear resistance of the chisel tip (11) is further increased compared to a mechanically resistant material as the contact area. A
shoulder (11.2) made of mechanically resistant material is molded in one piece or form-locked and/or integrally attached, e.g. soldered, to the bottom end of the chisel tip (11), opposite the top end. Underneath the shoulder (11.2), an oxidation protection layer (11.3) can be provided to protect the mechanically resistant material from corrosion. Underneath the shoulder (11.2) and/or the oxidation protection layer (11.3), a damping body (11.4) is attached to the shoulder (11.2) and/or the oxidation protection layer (11.3) as an intermediate material of the chisel tip (11) in a force-locked, form-locked, and/or integral manner. The damping body (11.4) is significantly more elastic than the rest of the chisel tip (11) (e.g. with a modulus of elasticity between 80 and 150 GPa), and can be made of copper, silver, nickel, or a suitable alloy, for example.
The chisel tip (11) with the shoulder (11.2) and the damping body (11.4) is inserted into an upwards-facing retainer provided for this purpose in the chisel body and attached to the chisel body (12) in a force-locked, form-locked, and/or integral manner; for example, the shoulder (11.2) can be soldered to the chisel body (12). The chisel body (12) is made of steel and features a circumferential nut (12.1) in its extension towards a downward-facing chisel shaft (13). The nut (12.1) serves as a tool retainer into which a dismantling tool can be inserted. This dismantling tool can be used to remove the chisel (10) from the chisel holder.
Other embodiments of the chisel (10) are also conceivable.
The damping body (11.4) has the effect that when the chisel tip (11) strikes the hard material to be worked, the impact is absorbed due to the increased elasticity. This results in a lower abrupt impact stress of the chisel tip (11), as well as the chisel body (12) and the machine. This can be advantageous, particularly when PCD is used, since this material features a lower impact resistance than, for example, carbide metal. Overall, an increased stability of the chisel (10) is achieved.
As a further example of the tool proposed by the invention, Fig. 2 shows a perspective top view of a screening device (20). The screening device (20) can be used, for example, in machines for grading or pre-sorting loose material, such as rock and/or crushed materials, but also in agricultural applications. The screening device (20) features cross struts (21) arranged perpendicular to a direction of conveyance (F) of the loose material, as well as longitudinal struts (22) extending longitudinally to the direction of conveyance (F), with rectangular screen openings (23) being enclosed by the struts. Furthermore, the screening device (20) features side parts (24) on the side facing in the direction of the direction of conveyance (F) and on the opposite side, which contain apertures (60) for fastening the screening device (20) to the machine. The screen openings (23) in a first row (perpendicular to the direction of conveyance (F)) ¨ viewed from the direction of conveyance (F) ¨ are bordered by one of the side parts (24) on the side facing the direction of conveyance (F), and the screen openings (23) in a final row are bordered by the other side part (24) on the side facing away from the direction of conveyance (F).
As the tool body, the screening device (20) features a base unit (50) arranged on its underside, which is essentially made of a metal material, such as steel. As part of a functional unit intended as a wear protection element, a damping element (40), such as a damping plate, is form-locked and/or integrally attached to the base unit (50) as an intermediate material. The damping element (40) consists of a material featuring a higher elasticity than the base unit (50).
In particular, it can be made of plastic and/or a composite material, and can be attached to the base unit (50), for example, by means of a casting process or other method. In addition, an oxidation protection layer (not shown here) could be provided between the base unit (50) and the damping element (40). On the top side of the screening device (20) opposite the underside, on which the loose material is conveyed, a wear protection layer (30) is attached to the damping element (40) as a further part of the functional unit. An oxidation protection layer could also be provided between the wear protection layer (30) and the damping element (40).
Cross elements (31) of the wear protection layer (30) are arranged on the cross struts (21), and longitudinal elements (32) of the wear protection layer (30) are arranged on the longitudinal struts (22). The margin of the side part (24) forming the border of the screen openings (23) facing in the opposite direction of the direction of conveyance (F), i.e., in the final row, is also equipped with cross elements (31) (see Fig. 4). The margin of the side part (24) forming the border of the screen openings (23) facing in the direction of conveyance (F), i.e., in the first row, is equipped with longitudinal elements (32) even though the boundary is transverse. The reason for this is that the cross elements (31) are designed to encompass an edge positioned against the direction of conveyance (F) which is not present on this transverse margin. The cross and longitudinal elements (31, 32) are designed as wear-resistant by ensuring they are made of a mechanically resistant material. On those sections of the cross and longitudinal struts (21, 22) and also on segments of the border margins of the side parts (24) which enclose one of the screen openings (23), respectively, at least two cross or longitudinal elements (31, 32) each are arranged. These relatively short-segment design of the cross and longitudinal elements (31, 32) advantageously reduces the probability of breakage of the cross and longitudinal elements (31, 32) when exposed to impact-type stress, thus increasing the resistance capability of the wear protection layer (30) and the wear protection element, respectively.
Fig. 3 illustrates a more detailed design of the base unit (50). On the undersides of each of the two side parts (24) of the screening device (20), the base unit (50) features an angle element (51). The supports (51.1) of the angle elements (51) are essentially positioned parallel to the top side of the screening device (20), as components of the side parts (24).
Perpendicular to these and facing downward in a tipping direction (S) of the screened material, guides (51.2) of the angle elements (51) are attached, e.g. by welding, to the supports (51.1), essentially running along the bordering margins of the side parts (24). The angle elements (51) are for the precise fitting of the screening device (20) in the machine.
On the top side of the angle elements (51), a base plate (53) of the base unit (50) is arranged with side elements (51.1) as parts of the side parts (24). Furthermore, the base plate (53) features cross strut bodies (53.2) and longitudinal strut bodies (53.3) as components of the cross and longitudinal struts (21, 22). Underneath the longitudinal strut bodies (53.3), extending from the guide (51.2) on one side of the screening device (20) to the guide (51.2) on the opposite side, ligaments (52) are arranged which extend in the tipping direction (S), roughly equivalent to the dimension of the downward dimension of the guides (51.2).
The ligaments are arranged underneath every second longitudinal strut (22), each starting on the inside of the outermost row of screen openings (23). The purpose of the ligaments is to stabilize the base unit (50) and/or the screening device (20).
Fig. 4 shows a top view of the screening device (20), providing a view of its top side with the wear protection layer (30). The quadrangular ¨ rectangular, in particular ¨screen openings (23), each enclosed by sections of two longitudinal struts (22) and two cross struts (21) and/or by margins of the side parts (24), are visible. Their longitudinal direction is aligned with the direction of conveyance (F). Depending on the grading task, other shapes and alignments of the screen openings (23), such as square openings or rectangles with a longitudinal direction perpendicular to the direction of conveyance (F), are also conceivable.
Furthermore, Fig. 4 shows the wear protection layer (30) with the arrangement of the cross and longitudinal elements (31, 32). The longitudinal dimension of the elements (31, 32) is such that per cross and longitudinal strut (21, 22) section bordering a screen opening (23), at least two elements (31, 32) are arranged. This results in a segmentation of the wear protection layer (30), which minimizes the risk of breakage of the wear protection layer (30). The segmentation could also be achieved by means of larger and/or in particular also smaller elements (31, 32).
Furthermore, the illustration shows that the longitudinal elements (32) are arranged in immediate succession along the longitudinal struts (22), resulting in a largely continuous progression of the wear protection layer (30) formed by the longitudinal elements (32) on the longitudinal struts (22). In particular, the intersecting areas between the cross and longitudinal struts (21 and 22) are covered by longitudinal elements (32). In this way, unwanted irregularities and/or transition areas along the longitudinal struts (22) can be advantageously avoided, allowing the loose material largely moving in the direction of conveyance (F) to flow freely with fewer obstacles. Also, the longitudinal elements (32) are easier to arrange in this area since they feature no lateral legs, as Fig. 8 will illustrate later.
Fig. 5 shows a vertical section of the screening device (20) in the direction of the tilting direction (S), as identified in Fig. 4. The drawing clearly shows the layered structure of the side parts (24), with the supports (51.1) at the very bottom and the side elements (53.1) of the base unit (50) attached on top. Across the surfaces of the side elements (53.1), side element covers (41) of the damping element (40) are arranged, forming the top side of the side parts (24). Furthermore, it can be seen that the damping element (40) also covers the cross struts (21) with a cross strut layer (42) and the longitudinal struts (22) with a longitudinal strut layer (43).
Fig. 6 shows an enlarged detail cross-section view of one of the cross-struts (21) from Fig. 5, showing their cross-section shape and structure in more detail. Lateral surfaces (21.1) of the cross strut (21) run between the top side (with the wear protection layer (30)) and underside of the cross strut (21), which are parallel to each other. The lateral surfaces (21.1) are tilted in relation to a median longitudinal plane (M) extending in the tipping direction (S) and along the cross strut (22) by an angle a (for example, a being between 2' and 15 , in particular between and 10 ) in such a way that the two lateral surfaces (21.1) converge in a downwards direction. Between the parallel top side and underside and the tilted lateral surfaces (21.1), the result is essentially a trapezoid cross-section of the cross strut (21). This design of the cross struts and also the longitudinal struts (see Fig. 8), as well as of the bordering margins of the side parts (24), results in a clear cross-section of the screen openings (23) that grows larger in a downwards direction (in the tipping direction (S)), which allows the screening material to drop through the screening device (20) more easily. The increasing clear cross-section could also be =
=
achieved with a different tilt of the lateral surfaces or a different retreating design, such as an arched or staggered design wherein some of the lateral surfaces could also extend vertically downwards.
The underside of the cross strut (21) is formed by the underside of the cross strut body (53.2) and a bottom end of the cross strut layer (42). The cross strut layer (42) encompasses the cross strut body (53.2) along its lateral surfaces and its top side. This reduces the probability of direct contact between the conveyed material and the cross strut body (53.2) and ensures a good damping effect. On top of the cross strut layer (42), the cross element (31) is attached, with a top-facing cross surface (31.1) as part of the wear protection layer (30). To achieve a form-locked and/or integral attachment to the cross strut layer (42), a connecting part (31.2) is molded into one piece with the cross element (31) on the underside of the cross element (31) opposite to the cross surface (31.1).
On the side facing against the direction of conveyance (F), a downward-facing leg (31.3) is molded to the cross element (31) to form a protective surface (31.4). The protective surface (31.4) forms part of the lateral surface (21.1) facing against the direction of conveyance (F), and it is tilted accordingly by the angle a. Thus, the angle between the cross surface (31.1) and the protective surface (31.4) is 900 - a. The protective surface (31.4) protects the cross surface facing against the direction of conveyance from the conveyed material, as the direction of conveyance causes the material to preferably impact on this side and/or edge as well. To ensure that there is enough room for sufficient damping material and a sufficient damping effect between the leg (31.3) and the cross strut body (53.2), the cross strut body (53.2) is shifted laterally in the cross strut (21) in relation to the median longitudinal plane (M).
Fig. 7 shows a vertical section according to Fig. 4 along an area of one of the cross struts (21) through intersecting areas with two longitudinal struts (22). In the intersecting areas, the wear protection layer (30) is formed by longitudinal surfaces (32.1) of the longitudinal elements (32).
Fig. 8 provides a more detailed view of a vertical section of a longitudinal strut (22) shown in Fig 4, illustrating its structure and cross-section. Similarly to the cross struts (21) (see Fig. 6), the longitudinal strut (22) shown here also features an essentially trapezoid cross-section with tilted lateral surfaces (22.1) to form the expanding clear cross-section of the screen openings (23). The underside is essentially formed by the longitudinal strut body (53.3) and, in a small part, by the longitudinal strut layer (43). The longitudinal strut layer (43) encompasses the two lateral surfaces and the top side of the longitudinal strut body (53.3), so the latter is largely surrounded by damping material. On top of the longitudinal strut layer (43), the longitudinal element (32) is connected to the longitudinal strut layer (43) in a form-locked and/or integral manner. With its longitudinal surface (32.1), which completely covers the longitudinal strut layer (43) on the top side, the longitudinal element (32) forms part of the wear protection layer (30). Apart from a rounded transition to the lateral surfaces (32.3), the remaining surfaces of the longitudinal element (32) are embedded in the longitudinal strut layer (43) in order to achieve a defined surface formation of the wear protection layer (30) on the longitudinal struts (22), essentially on their top side. As a connecting element, a connecting part (32.2) is molded to the underside of the longitudinal element (32) in one piece. The structure of the longitudinal strut (22), unlike that of the cross strut (21), is symmetrical to its median longitudinal plane (M).
Fig. 9 shows one of the apertures (60) identified in Fig. 4 as a vertical section. The aperture (60) features a recess (61) extending through the side element cover (41) and the side element (53.1). In particular, the purpose of the recess (61) is to receive the head of a fastener, such as a screw, to fasten the screening device (20) (not shown here). The recess (61) ends in a duct (62) extending downwards through the support (51.1) of the angle element (51). The fastening section of a fastener, such as a thread section (not shown here) can be guided through the duct (62).
To protect the head of the fastener and to form an essentially closed surface of the side parts (24), the apertures (60) are provided with a cover (63), which is shown in Fig. 10a and 10b. The cover (63) consists of the same material as the damping element (40), but could also be made of a different material. A cavity (63.2) in the cover (63) for encompassing the head of a fastener when fully assembled can be seen in the perspective view (Fig. 10a), as well as in the vertical section (Fig. 10b). Furthermore, the cover (63) features fin-shaped elements (63.1) on its outside circumference. The fin elements (63.1) are capable of yielding when the cover (63) is pressed up into the recess (61) and jamming the cover (63) in the recess (61).
Figures 11a and 11b show a perspective view from below and a top view of the cross element (31). It can be seen in Fig. 11a that its cross-section shape and the front view, respectively, continue across the longitudinal area of the cross element (31). Also visible are the rounded transitions of the individual surfaces on the underside, which is in contact with the cross strut layer (42). Specifically, this is the transition between a rear side of the leg (31.3) and an underside opposite to the cross surface (31.1), as well as its marginal surfaces and the transitions to the connecting part (31.2). The rounded transitions ensure that the damping material of the cross strut layer (42) lies evenly against the cross element (31).
Figures 12a and 12b show a top and a front view of the longitudinal element (32). Its cross-section shape and front view also continue across the longitudinal area of the longitudinal element (32). In Fig. 12b, the essentially trapezoid cross-section of the longitudinal element (32) is visible. The longitudinal surface (32.1) and an opposite underside face each other and are parallel to each other. The top side and the underside are connected by lateral surfaces (32.3) tilt inwards towards the underside. The tilt is more pronounced than that of the lateral surfaces (22.1), so all sides of the longitudinal element (32), except for the longitudinal surface (32.1) and a rounded transition to the lateral surfaces (32.1) lie within the longitudinal strut layer (43) when assembled. The transitions between the surfaces are rounded, as are the transitions to the connecting part (32.2) molded in one piece to the underside.
The structure described results in a screening device (20) that is resistant to wear and/or impact or similar stress, due to the wear protection layer (30) made of mechanically resistant material, on the one hand. At the same time, the damping element designed as a damping plate partly absorbs the impact energy when materials such as rock-type materials collide with the mechanically resistant material. In this way, a longer service life of the wear protection layer (30) and a reduction of impact noise can be achieved in an advantageous manner.
In another example not shown here, a ploughshare with its surface aligned in the feed direction could also be equipped with the functional unit proposed by the invention.
Claims (15)
1. A screening device for fastening on a screen machine comprising: a base unit (50) on which a functional unit comprising at least two materials of different damping properties is fastened, wherein a wear protection layer (30) is formed from a mechanically resistant material and an intermediate material being provided between the mechanically resistant material and the base unit, wherein a damping element (40) is attached to the base unit as the intermediate material, wherein the screening device (20) has longitudinal struts (22) extending in a direction of conveyance (F) and cross struts (21) extending perpendicular to the direction of conveyance (F), wherein the cross struts (21) and longitudinal struts (22) form screen openings (23), wherein a base plate (53) of the base unit (50) comprises cross strut bodies (53.2) and/or longitudinal strut bodies (53.3) as components of the cross struts (21) and/or longitudinal struts (22), wherein the damping element (40) comprises a cross strut layer (42) and a longitudinal strut layer (43), the cross strut layer (42) covering the cross struts (21) and the longitudinal strut layer (43) covering longitudinal struts (22), wherein the cross strut layer (42), and longitudinal strut layer (43), are attached to at least one of a first surface of a cross strut body (53.2), and/or a second surface of a longitudinal strut body (53.3), facing the wear protection layer, wherein the modulus of elasticity of the intermediate material amounts to up to 30% of the modulus of elasticity of the mechanically resistant material.
2. A screening device according to claim 1, characterized in that the modulus of elasticity of the intermediate material amounts to up to 66% of the modulus of elasticity of a tool body, and/or the modulus of elasticity of the tool body amounts to up to 50% of the modulus of elasticity of the mechanically resistant material.
3. A screening device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mechanically resistant material is connected to an additional material, of which the modulus of elasticity amounts to at least 110% of the modulus of elasticity of the mechanically resistant material.
4. A screening device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the at least two materials are connected by means of at least one connecting element, wherein the connecting element is molded to at least one of the materials in one piece, and/or wherein multiple connecting elements form a microstructured connection, and/or wherein an intermediate layer with connecting elements is provided.
5. A screening device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that an oxidation protection layer is provided between the mechanically resistant material and the intermediate material and/or between the intermediate material and the tool body.
6. A screening device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the damping element (40), is allocated to the wear protection layer (30).
7. A screening device according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the cross and/or longitudinal struts (21, 22) feature lateral surfaces (21.1, 22.1) that are tilted at an angle a in relation to a vertical median longitudinal planes (M) of the cross and/or longitudinal struts (21, 22) at least in some areas.
8. A screening device according to claim 7, characterized in that the cross strut and/or longitudinal strut layers (42, 43) at least partly enclose the cross strut and/or longitudinal strut bodies (53.2, 53.3) laterally, at least partly forming the lateral surfaces (21.1, 22.1).
9. A screening device according to claim 8, characterized in that the wear protection layer (30) on a top side of the screening device (20) is formed by cross elements (31) on the cross struts (21) and by longitudinal elements (32) on the longitudinal struts (22).
10. A screening device according to claim 9, characterized in that on an underside of at least one of the cross and/or longitudinal elements (31, 32), connecting parts (31.2, 32.3) are provided for a form-locked and/or integral connection to an underlying cross strut and/or longitudinal strut bodies (53.2, 53.3) of the damping element (40).
11. A screening device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the cross elements (31) feature downward-facing legs (31.3) on the cross struts' (21) sides facing against the direction of conveyance (F) of a screened material to form a protective surface (31.4), wherein the said legs form the lateral surfaces (21.1) facing against the direction of conveyance (F) of the screened material at least in some areas.
12. A screening device according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the longitudinal elements (32) feature an essentially trapezoid cross-section perpendicular to their vertical median longitudinal planes (M).
13. A screening device according to one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that at least two cross and/or longitudinal elements (31, 32) are arranged on a section of the cross and/or longitudinal struts (21, 22) which is allocated to one of the screen openings (23).
14. A screening device according to one of claims 9 to 13, characterized in that the longitudinal elements (32) of the longitudinal struts (22) are arranged in immediate succession across at least a part of intersecting areas of the longitudinal and cross struts (21).
15. A screening device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the screening device (20) features side parts (24) with apertures (60) for retaining fasteners, and/or that covers (63) are provided for the apertures (60).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102015119125.3 | 2015-11-06 | ||
| DE102015119125.3A DE102015119125A1 (en) | 2015-11-06 | 2015-11-06 | Tool for attaching to a machine |
| PCT/EP2016/076025 WO2017076760A1 (en) | 2015-11-06 | 2016-10-28 | Tool for fastening on a machine |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA3004502A1 CA3004502A1 (en) | 2017-05-11 |
| CA3004502C true CA3004502C (en) | 2021-12-14 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA3004502A Active CA3004502C (en) | 2015-11-06 | 2016-10-28 | Tool for fastening on a machine |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3370887A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA3004502C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102015119125A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2017076760A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110496780A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-11-26 | 安徽方园塑胶有限责任公司 | A kind of hunchbacked type solid polyurethane screen on band buffering slope |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5083839A (en) * | 1990-06-27 | 1992-01-28 | Rick Younger | Apparatus for grooving or grinding pavement |
| DE10131358A1 (en) * | 2001-06-28 | 2003-01-16 | Fette Wilhelm Gmbh | Milling cutter has hard metal annular tool body fxed to steelbasic body with equidistantly distributed protuberances engaging with inner wall of tool body |
| US7229136B2 (en) * | 2004-09-28 | 2007-06-12 | The Sollami Company | Non-rotatable wear ring and retainer sleeve for a rotatable tool |
| DE102004056771A1 (en) * | 2004-11-24 | 2006-06-01 | Lutz Industria S.A. | Blade and method of making the same |
| US7487849B2 (en) * | 2005-05-16 | 2009-02-10 | Radtke Robert P | Thermally stable diamond brazing |
| WO2013053811A2 (en) * | 2011-10-11 | 2013-04-18 | Betek Gmbh & Co. Kg | Tool system |
| US8919567B2 (en) | 2011-10-12 | 2014-12-30 | Syncrude Canada Ltd. | Screen cloth for vibrating or stationary screens |
-
2015
- 2015-11-06 DE DE102015119125.3A patent/DE102015119125A1/en active Pending
-
2016
- 2016-10-28 WO PCT/EP2016/076025 patent/WO2017076760A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-10-28 EP EP16788504.5A patent/EP3370887A1/en active Pending
- 2016-10-28 CA CA3004502A patent/CA3004502C/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2017076760A1 (en) | 2017-05-11 |
| EP3370887A1 (en) | 2018-09-12 |
| DE102015119125A1 (en) | 2017-05-11 |
| CA3004502A1 (en) | 2017-05-11 |
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