CA2813405A1 - Building panel as structure of external and inner plate with intermediate insulation space - Google Patents
Building panel as structure of external and inner plate with intermediate insulation space Download PDFInfo
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- CA2813405A1 CA2813405A1 CA2813405A CA2813405A CA2813405A1 CA 2813405 A1 CA2813405 A1 CA 2813405A1 CA 2813405 A CA2813405 A CA 2813405A CA 2813405 A CA2813405 A CA 2813405A CA 2813405 A1 CA2813405 A1 CA 2813405A1
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- polymer
- building panel
- adhesive
- polymer based
- based profile
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;phenol Chemical compound O=C.OC1=CC=CC=C1 SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006262 metallic foam Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 208000018672 Dilatation Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005329 float glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920002748 Basalt fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000008208 nanofoam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006328 Styrofoam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003467 diminishing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- PGYPOBZJRVSMDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N loperamide hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C(=O)N(C)C)CCN(CC1)CCC1(O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 PGYPOBZJRVSMDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- KCTAWXVAICEBSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoyloxy prop-2-eneperoxoate Chemical group C=CC(=O)OOOC(=O)C=C KCTAWXVAICEBSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013464 silicone adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008261 styrofoam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
- E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
- E04C2/384—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels with a metal frame
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/88—Insulating elements for both heat and sound
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
- E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
- E04C2/388—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels with a frame of other materials, e.g. fibres, plastics
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24149—Honeycomb-like
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24744—Longitudinal or transverse tubular cavity or cell
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
- Y10T428/24851—Intermediate layer is discontinuous or differential
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
Abstract
The building panel is structure of external (11) and inner (12) plate where there is intermediate insulation space between the plates (11) and (12). In this space there can by any kind of thermal and/or sound insulation which does preferably not form solid structure in connection with plates (11) and (12). The connection (1) forms connection between plates (11) and (12). The connection (1) is implemented at least along the longitudinal part of panel frame. Further the connection (1) comprises the attached polymer based profile (2) or stack of spacers (7).
Description
Building panel as structure of external and inner plate with intermediate insulation space Technical field Invention is classified as technical solutions of civil engineering with integral thermal and sound insulation, performed using principles of composite, pre-fabricated panel, with side frame based on polymers and steel metal sheets, said panel to be used in building shells ¨ integrated and hanged facades.
Suggested patent classification: E04C2/38E, E04C2/38C
Technical problem Facing diminishing stock of liquid fossil fuel which as the most user friendly energy form, our civilization faces need for new ways of using remaining sources of energy.
One of the ways is also decrease in using energy for heating, cooling, and erecting of buildings. The thermal insulation of buildings is important for achieving decrease in energy use. Increase in need for effective thermal insulation resulted in insulation systems with low thermal conductivity. Such systems are based on composite panels using vacuum panels, nanofoams, aerogels or gas filled composites for their insulation core. The building panels using these cores usually cannot utilize these cores for providing of load carrying capability or stiffness of said panels due to mechanical weakness of such insulation cores.
The goal of presented invention is to propose such construction of composite panel where outer and inner panel provide for stiff box structure of building panel utilizing side frame, said building panel comprising optional insulation core. The frame must provide for stiffness of said panel with mechanical link between inner and outer plate and with its own stiffness. The frame should, if possible provide for effective inhibition of heat transfer and provide for dilatation of panels due to temperature difference within buildings, in particular on their exterior.
State of the art State of the art features three groups of relevant panels. The first group shows panels with various implementations of polymer border/ reinforcement of composite building panels: EP1333129, GB2344834, GB2451275 and W02005070803. Particularly important seem subgroup of patents where the polymer border/ reinforcement is combined with inner steel reinforcement: FR2813624, US2004231275 and US4993204.
The second group comprises patents where the panel is build based on steel reinforcement or spacers: EP1312725, W09845545. The third group comprises of patent discussing choice of adhesive for connection of elements of the first and the second group: W02004073973.
Patent FR2813624 describes polymer reinforcement which quite effectively prevents excess heat transfer and provides for suitable reinforcement with combination with steel reinforcement profiles for panels which are additionally supported with load carrying insulation core. For use of non-load carrying insulation cores such as necessary in above referenced technical problem use of simple thermoplastic extrudates such as for example PVC according to patent FR2813624 is not sufficient from the viewpoint of panel stiffness, and does not provide for match in linear temperature coefficients of expansion. The use of PVC would provide in increased use of inner steel reinforcement which would be detrimental to very desirable heat resistance of this reinforcement.
Patent EP1333129 suggests use of glass reinforced pultruded profiles which may be used for panels with load carrying core without steel inner reinforcements, however this solution could not be used for system without load carrying core.
Suggested patent classification: E04C2/38E, E04C2/38C
Technical problem Facing diminishing stock of liquid fossil fuel which as the most user friendly energy form, our civilization faces need for new ways of using remaining sources of energy.
One of the ways is also decrease in using energy for heating, cooling, and erecting of buildings. The thermal insulation of buildings is important for achieving decrease in energy use. Increase in need for effective thermal insulation resulted in insulation systems with low thermal conductivity. Such systems are based on composite panels using vacuum panels, nanofoams, aerogels or gas filled composites for their insulation core. The building panels using these cores usually cannot utilize these cores for providing of load carrying capability or stiffness of said panels due to mechanical weakness of such insulation cores.
The goal of presented invention is to propose such construction of composite panel where outer and inner panel provide for stiff box structure of building panel utilizing side frame, said building panel comprising optional insulation core. The frame must provide for stiffness of said panel with mechanical link between inner and outer plate and with its own stiffness. The frame should, if possible provide for effective inhibition of heat transfer and provide for dilatation of panels due to temperature difference within buildings, in particular on their exterior.
State of the art State of the art features three groups of relevant panels. The first group shows panels with various implementations of polymer border/ reinforcement of composite building panels: EP1333129, GB2344834, GB2451275 and W02005070803. Particularly important seem subgroup of patents where the polymer border/ reinforcement is combined with inner steel reinforcement: FR2813624, US2004231275 and US4993204.
The second group comprises patents where the panel is build based on steel reinforcement or spacers: EP1312725, W09845545. The third group comprises of patent discussing choice of adhesive for connection of elements of the first and the second group: W02004073973.
Patent FR2813624 describes polymer reinforcement which quite effectively prevents excess heat transfer and provides for suitable reinforcement with combination with steel reinforcement profiles for panels which are additionally supported with load carrying insulation core. For use of non-load carrying insulation cores such as necessary in above referenced technical problem use of simple thermoplastic extrudates such as for example PVC according to patent FR2813624 is not sufficient from the viewpoint of panel stiffness, and does not provide for match in linear temperature coefficients of expansion. The use of PVC would provide in increased use of inner steel reinforcement which would be detrimental to very desirable heat resistance of this reinforcement.
Patent EP1333129 suggests use of glass reinforced pultruded profiles which may be used for panels with load carrying core without steel inner reinforcements, however this solution could not be used for system without load carrying core.
Patent W02004073973 defines adhesive for attaching of side frame as follows:
the adhesive should be from polyurethane, epoxy or methacrylate group. The adhesive should have tensile and/or shear strength at least 2 MPa. In our research we have shown that the adhesive having strength only at least 2 MPa does not satisfy criteria for use in building panels. Our experiment used polyurethane adhesive with strength significantly over 2 MPa and with modulus of elasticity over 1000 MPa. After attaching the panel onto the building the external panel fell off after approximately 2 months in summer.
Hard polymer adhesives with high modulus of elasticity after exposure to varying day temperature between 10 C and 75 C or more show loss of adhesive properties.
This fact has been known for some quite time with structural insulation glass coverings without load carrying insulation core where exterior glass is only attached using soft silicone adhesives with modulus of elasticity Up to 1.5 MPa or hardness 20 to 35 Shore A.
However in insulating glass technology the glass itself does not provide for stiffness of glass panel. The stiffness is provided with large metal elements, usually found in entirety on inner side of the building.
Description of invention The above referenced technical problem is solved by building panel as structure of external and inner plate with intermediate insulation space. According to the invention the problem of building panel is solved by external (11) and inner (12) plate attached by solid structural connection (1). The structural connection (1) is attached to the plate with adhesive of appropriate thickness and hardness according to implementation of the invention. The building panel is structure of external (11) and inner (12) plate whereas between the plates (11) and (12) there is intermediate insulation space with any kind of thermal and/or sound insulation preferably not forming solid structure in connection with plates (11) and (12). The connection (1) comprises the link between plates (11) and (12). The connection (1) is implemented at least along the longitudinal part of panel frame. Further, the connection (1) comprises attached polymer based profile (2) or spacer stack (7) comprised of at least one spacer.
the adhesive should be from polyurethane, epoxy or methacrylate group. The adhesive should have tensile and/or shear strength at least 2 MPa. In our research we have shown that the adhesive having strength only at least 2 MPa does not satisfy criteria for use in building panels. Our experiment used polyurethane adhesive with strength significantly over 2 MPa and with modulus of elasticity over 1000 MPa. After attaching the panel onto the building the external panel fell off after approximately 2 months in summer.
Hard polymer adhesives with high modulus of elasticity after exposure to varying day temperature between 10 C and 75 C or more show loss of adhesive properties.
This fact has been known for some quite time with structural insulation glass coverings without load carrying insulation core where exterior glass is only attached using soft silicone adhesives with modulus of elasticity Up to 1.5 MPa or hardness 20 to 35 Shore A.
However in insulating glass technology the glass itself does not provide for stiffness of glass panel. The stiffness is provided with large metal elements, usually found in entirety on inner side of the building.
Description of invention The above referenced technical problem is solved by building panel as structure of external and inner plate with intermediate insulation space. According to the invention the problem of building panel is solved by external (11) and inner (12) plate attached by solid structural connection (1). The structural connection (1) is attached to the plate with adhesive of appropriate thickness and hardness according to implementation of the invention. The building panel is structure of external (11) and inner (12) plate whereas between the plates (11) and (12) there is intermediate insulation space with any kind of thermal and/or sound insulation preferably not forming solid structure in connection with plates (11) and (12). The connection (1) comprises the link between plates (11) and (12). The connection (1) is implemented at least along the longitudinal part of panel frame. Further, the connection (1) comprises attached polymer based profile (2) or spacer stack (7) comprised of at least one spacer.
For better understanding this invention is presented in two embodiments. The first embodiment of building panel is structure of external (11) and inner (12) plate, said external plate for example of glass, and inner for example dry wall. Between plates (11) and (12) there is intermediate insulation space with optional thermal and/or sound insulation which preferably does not form solid structure in connection with plates (11) and (12), for example vacuum panels, gas filled panels, melamine foam, nanofoam or aerogels. The connection (1) forms connection between plates (11) and (12).
The connection (1) is implemented at least along the longitudinal part of panel frame. In addition the connection (1) comprises the polymer based profile (2) into which may be inserted additional profile (3) taking advantage of protrusions (6). Additives for lowering of thermal conductivity may be added to polymer out of which the polymer based profile (2) is manufactured or said polymer component may be manufactured of polymer foam. Such additives should have thermal conductivity below 0.2 W/mK.
The additives for lowering the thermal conductivity may be hollow mineral (glass, ceramic) or.hollow polymer spheres. At least between plates (11) and (12) in the polymer based profile (2) there is at least thermally insulating pocket 4. An adhesive (5) based on rubbery-elastic polymer is positioned between the polymer based profile (2) and plates (11) and (12), this adhesive having hardness between 35 and 70 Shore A.
Preferably the hardness of said adhesive is between 40 and 50 Shore A. The lower limit of adhesive hardness 35 Shore A stems from different adhesives known in structural glass facades which do not provide for stiffness of glass panels. In this invention said plates (11) and (12) provide for stiffness due to their distance and the adhesive should have as high stiffness as possible. The adhesives with hardness above 70 Shore A for sizes of building panels do not provide for sufficient compensation of mechanical stresses due to temperature dilatations of panel components. According to own research the best compromise between higher stiffness and dilatation elastic is provided by adhesive with hardness between 40 and 50 Shore A.
The polymer based profile (2) is preferably manufactured of extruded thermoplastic composite reinforced with 25% to 50%, preferably 40% of glass fibers by weight. The polymer based profile (2) provides for bending rigidity of the panel. The thermoplastic polymers appropriate for use in civil engineering have relatively low modulus of elasticity ranging from 2000 to 3000 MPa. The polymer based profile would therefore contribute little to stiffness (rigidity) of whole panel. In particular, the contribution is estimated at 10%. It would be economical that the polymer based profile would contribute to stiffness. The thermoplastic composites with up to 55% weight filling with short or medium length glass fibers are state of the art. These may be up to five times stiffer than raw thermoplastics. Own research shows that the best choice are polyamide, polybutylene terephthalate or polyethylene terephthalate thermoplastic with at least 25%
weight filling of short glass fibers. The variants with over 55% of glass fibers are too demanding for state of extrusion technology for profiles 80 mm or more. For profile size of about 100 mm and wall thickness in range of 2 mm the filling of around 40% of glass fibers was found to be optimal from viewpoints of technological process and product properties. The achieved modulus of elasticity is around 7000 MPa. The thermoplastic composites with less than 25% of glass fibers has excessive linear temperature expansions in direction of polymer based profile (2) to be used in combination with adhesive (5) according to own specification. Such polymer based profile provides for stiffness of panels between 25-30%. The profile based on base of polymer (2) can be manufactured using pultrusion process. In this case the polymer resin based on phenol- formaldehyde, polyester, preferably unsaturated, vinylester or epoxy, preferably with appropriate fillings, can be pulled with glass or basalt fibers and appropriate woven or nonwoven mats of glass or basalt fibers through pultrusion matrix.
In addition, some other fibers may be used. The process having significantly less than 50% of weight part of fiber content is here technologically not possible. The upper limit of filling of fiber is again technologically limited and is around 75%. The achievable modulus of elasticity of the profile is here significantly higher and is in range between 15000 and 25000 MPa. Pultrusion process is more demanding. The modulus of elasticity of the polymer based profile is in this case so high that the required stiffness can be achieved without use of additional profile (3). The polymer based profile (2) can provide within itself one or more thermally insulating pockets (4) filled with air or thermally insulating material. In case of polymer based extruded profile (2) there are usually more pockets and they tend to be small. From viewpoint of prevention of convection of air and radiation heat transfer, filling of these insulation pockets with additional insulation usually is not necessary. In case of pultruded polymer based profile (2), preferably of thermosetting resin, the implementation with several insulation pockets is difficult. In such case only one larger insulation pocket can be provided, however this should be filled with thermal insulation such as polyurethane foam.
Connection (1) further comprises adhesive (5) which is composite based on rubbery-elastic polymer, based on polyurethane, silicone, silane or preferably polysulfide. The composite adhesive (5) is further comprised of usual or special fillings such as calcite or other fillings to achieve desired properties. For achieving of appropriate panel temperature-dilatation resistance and providing for mitigation of errors in tolerances of the product the layer of adhesive (5) should be thick at least 1 mm. The thickness above mm would significantly lower the stiffness of the panel, the best results are achieved at thicknesses between 2 and 3.5 mm.
Additional reinforcement profile (3) may be metal, preferably steel construction pipe.
However, for purposes of lowering of heat transfer, the mineral materials may be used.
It should be possible to use (for example) glued glass beams.
The second embodiment of the building panel is structure of external (11) and inner (12) plate with intermediate insulation space. The connection (1) between plates (11) and (12) is provided at least along longitudinal part of panel frame. The connection (1) comprises two or more essentially one along another stacked spacers (7) which are attached one to another with at least one layer of polymer adhesive (8) with hardness between 45 and 95 Shore A, preferably between 60 and 85 Shore A.
The spacers (7) can be metal rectangular tubes, with or without ribs preferably manufactured of thin stainless steel with heat conductivity lower than 16 W/mK. Such commercially available steel spacers known in state of the art of insulation glasses may be used. The spacers may be of hybrid construction with profile partially made of metal (stainless steel) and partially of polymer semi-rectangular tube such as hybrid ("warm edge") spacers known in state of the art of thermally insulated glass.
The connection (1) is implemented at least along the longitudinal part of panel frame. In addition the connection (1) comprises the polymer based profile (2) into which may be inserted additional profile (3) taking advantage of protrusions (6). Additives for lowering of thermal conductivity may be added to polymer out of which the polymer based profile (2) is manufactured or said polymer component may be manufactured of polymer foam. Such additives should have thermal conductivity below 0.2 W/mK.
The additives for lowering the thermal conductivity may be hollow mineral (glass, ceramic) or.hollow polymer spheres. At least between plates (11) and (12) in the polymer based profile (2) there is at least thermally insulating pocket 4. An adhesive (5) based on rubbery-elastic polymer is positioned between the polymer based profile (2) and plates (11) and (12), this adhesive having hardness between 35 and 70 Shore A.
Preferably the hardness of said adhesive is between 40 and 50 Shore A. The lower limit of adhesive hardness 35 Shore A stems from different adhesives known in structural glass facades which do not provide for stiffness of glass panels. In this invention said plates (11) and (12) provide for stiffness due to their distance and the adhesive should have as high stiffness as possible. The adhesives with hardness above 70 Shore A for sizes of building panels do not provide for sufficient compensation of mechanical stresses due to temperature dilatations of panel components. According to own research the best compromise between higher stiffness and dilatation elastic is provided by adhesive with hardness between 40 and 50 Shore A.
The polymer based profile (2) is preferably manufactured of extruded thermoplastic composite reinforced with 25% to 50%, preferably 40% of glass fibers by weight. The polymer based profile (2) provides for bending rigidity of the panel. The thermoplastic polymers appropriate for use in civil engineering have relatively low modulus of elasticity ranging from 2000 to 3000 MPa. The polymer based profile would therefore contribute little to stiffness (rigidity) of whole panel. In particular, the contribution is estimated at 10%. It would be economical that the polymer based profile would contribute to stiffness. The thermoplastic composites with up to 55% weight filling with short or medium length glass fibers are state of the art. These may be up to five times stiffer than raw thermoplastics. Own research shows that the best choice are polyamide, polybutylene terephthalate or polyethylene terephthalate thermoplastic with at least 25%
weight filling of short glass fibers. The variants with over 55% of glass fibers are too demanding for state of extrusion technology for profiles 80 mm or more. For profile size of about 100 mm and wall thickness in range of 2 mm the filling of around 40% of glass fibers was found to be optimal from viewpoints of technological process and product properties. The achieved modulus of elasticity is around 7000 MPa. The thermoplastic composites with less than 25% of glass fibers has excessive linear temperature expansions in direction of polymer based profile (2) to be used in combination with adhesive (5) according to own specification. Such polymer based profile provides for stiffness of panels between 25-30%. The profile based on base of polymer (2) can be manufactured using pultrusion process. In this case the polymer resin based on phenol- formaldehyde, polyester, preferably unsaturated, vinylester or epoxy, preferably with appropriate fillings, can be pulled with glass or basalt fibers and appropriate woven or nonwoven mats of glass or basalt fibers through pultrusion matrix.
In addition, some other fibers may be used. The process having significantly less than 50% of weight part of fiber content is here technologically not possible. The upper limit of filling of fiber is again technologically limited and is around 75%. The achievable modulus of elasticity of the profile is here significantly higher and is in range between 15000 and 25000 MPa. Pultrusion process is more demanding. The modulus of elasticity of the polymer based profile is in this case so high that the required stiffness can be achieved without use of additional profile (3). The polymer based profile (2) can provide within itself one or more thermally insulating pockets (4) filled with air or thermally insulating material. In case of polymer based extruded profile (2) there are usually more pockets and they tend to be small. From viewpoint of prevention of convection of air and radiation heat transfer, filling of these insulation pockets with additional insulation usually is not necessary. In case of pultruded polymer based profile (2), preferably of thermosetting resin, the implementation with several insulation pockets is difficult. In such case only one larger insulation pocket can be provided, however this should be filled with thermal insulation such as polyurethane foam.
Connection (1) further comprises adhesive (5) which is composite based on rubbery-elastic polymer, based on polyurethane, silicone, silane or preferably polysulfide. The composite adhesive (5) is further comprised of usual or special fillings such as calcite or other fillings to achieve desired properties. For achieving of appropriate panel temperature-dilatation resistance and providing for mitigation of errors in tolerances of the product the layer of adhesive (5) should be thick at least 1 mm. The thickness above mm would significantly lower the stiffness of the panel, the best results are achieved at thicknesses between 2 and 3.5 mm.
Additional reinforcement profile (3) may be metal, preferably steel construction pipe.
However, for purposes of lowering of heat transfer, the mineral materials may be used.
It should be possible to use (for example) glued glass beams.
The second embodiment of the building panel is structure of external (11) and inner (12) plate with intermediate insulation space. The connection (1) between plates (11) and (12) is provided at least along longitudinal part of panel frame. The connection (1) comprises two or more essentially one along another stacked spacers (7) which are attached one to another with at least one layer of polymer adhesive (8) with hardness between 45 and 95 Shore A, preferably between 60 and 85 Shore A.
The spacers (7) can be metal rectangular tubes, with or without ribs preferably manufactured of thin stainless steel with heat conductivity lower than 16 W/mK. Such commercially available steel spacers known in state of the art of insulation glasses may be used. The spacers may be of hybrid construction with profile partially made of metal (stainless steel) and partially of polymer semi-rectangular tube such as hybrid ("warm edge") spacers known in state of the art of thermally insulated glass.
The spacers (7) may be also of elastic polymer foam or based on mineral, metal foam or honeycomb.
The best heat resistance is provided by implementation of hybrid spacer (7) with thickness of steel part of the spacer between 0.05 and 0.2 mm. The thicknesses below 0.05 mm are too thin for mechanical strength of the spacer, the thicknesses above 0.2 mm conduct too much heat. According to own research the thickness of about 0.1 mm seems to be optimal. Due to particular properties of the system as suggested in this patent application for polymer part of hybrid spacer of thickness of about lmin the polymers which are cheaper and conduct even less heat than those used in state of the art of insulation glasses may be used. These are for example polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polystyrene (PS). Insulation glasses usually use polycarbonate (PC) and polypropylene (PP).
The connection (1) in addition to spacers in the second embodiment comprises also adhesive (4) on basis of methacrylate or hybrid polyurethane. Similarly to the first embodiment of the panel the hardness of said adhesive in combination with the thickness is of importance. To achieve appropriate stiffness of stack of more than one spacer the hardness of at least 45 Shore A is needed. The hardness of more than 95 Shore A, could cause early shear failure of adhesive connection between plates (11) and (12) in corners when this connection is subject to outside forces (for example wind) in the corner of a building. The optimal is use of adhesive with final hardness between 60 .
and 85 Shore A, and layer of adhesive between 0.1 mm and 1 mm. More than one layer of adhesive (e.g. two) can be between spacers. Less than 0.2 mm combined thickness of adhesive between the spacers endangers the flexibility of the connection during exposure of the panel to wind, more than 1 mm of thickness does not provide sufficient stiffness. The thickness between 0.2 mm and 0.5 mm is optimal.
Modes of invention For the first implementation the hypothesis was tested whether the polymer adhesive fulfilling criterion from patent application W02004073973 for adhesive to have tensile and/or shear strength greater than 2 MPa suffides for attaching of the system similar to one according to invention. On the panel of length of 1.4 m and width of 1 m, we used enameled float glass dark grey color manufactured by local manufacturer Reflex as external plate (11), said plate 8 mm thick. The inner plate (12) was 15 mm thick plate Rigidur H of manufacturer Rigips. The panel was equipped with two polymer based profiles (2) along longitudinal sides of the profile according to figure 1.
The polymer based profile (2) was 100 mm wide and 43 mm thick. It was manufactured of polyamide 6.6 GF40. Into polymer based profile (2) standard steel rectangular profile (3) was inserted, said profile having dimensions 50x30x2.5 mm. The adhesive between polymer based profile (2) and plates was polyurethane, namely 1 part of isocyanate and 4 parts of polyol. Isocyanate was Suprasec 5025 of manufacturer Huntsman, the polyol was Mitopur A1/5 of local manufacturer Mitol. Adhesive had modulus of elasticity of approximately 2500 MPa and tensile strength much higher than 2 MPa. For insulation core of the panel the styrofoam of 100 mm thickness was used. Before attachment the polymer based profile (2) was prepared for improved grip with adhesive.
Prepared panels were built into the experimental building. After approximately 60 days of summer weather at geographical latitude of approximate 45 the external plates (11) started to fell off. With this experiment we have proven that the criterion of strength of adhesive above 2 MPa is not decisive for use of appropriate adhesive in system such as presented here.
For the second implementation the panel using only the second embodiment according to this invention was used. For panel of length 1 m and width 0.5 m we used enameled float glass dark grey color manufactured by local manufacturer Reflex as external plate (11), said plate 8 mm thick. The inner plate (12) was 15 mm thick plate Rigidur H of manufacturer Rigips. For spacers (7) the modified spacers Chromatech Ultra manufactured by Rolltech of nominal height 20 mm were used. The polymer part of the spacer was manufactured of polystyrene. The stack was comprised of 5 rectangular spacers said spacers continuous around whole perimeter of the panel, said spacers having aluminum foils positioned between themselves as the panel was gas filled.
Between the spacers, and spacers and plates the structural adhesive SikaFast manufactured by Sika was used having thickness 0.3 mm. The adhesive has hardness 80 Shore A. Such panel has appropriate stiffness fer lengths up to 3 m for building up to one story high buildings.
For the third implementation both embodiments were used together. For 10 panels of length 2.6 m and width of 1 m, we used transparent tempered float glass manufactured by local manufacturer Reflex as external plate (11), said plate 8 mm thick.
The inner plate (12) was 15 mm thick plate Rigidur H of manufacturer Rigips. For spacers (7) the modified spacers Chromatech Ultra manufactured by Rolltech of nominal height 20 mm were used. The polymer part of the spacer was manufactured of polystyrene. The stack was comprised of 5 rectangular spacers said spacers continuous around whole perimeter of the panel, said spacers having aluminum foils positioned between themselves as the panel was gas filled. Between the spacers, and spacers and plates the structural adhesive SikaFast 3131 manufactured by Sika was used having thickness 0.3 mm. The panel was equipped with two profiles on base of polymer (2) along longitudinal sides of the panel according to figure 1. The polymer based profile (2) was wide 100 mm and thick 43 .
mm. It was manufactured of polyamide 6.6 GF40. Into polymer based profile (2) standard steel rectangular profile (3) was inserted, said profile having dimensions 50x30x2.5 mm. The adhesive between polymer based profile (2) and plates (11) and (12) was polysulfide adhesive GD116 manufactured by Komerling chemische fabrik, hardness 38 Shore A and 3.5 mm thick. Before attachment the polymer based profile (2) was treated for improved grip using process of plasma treatment. The described panels were thoroughly examined from viewpoints of stiffness and strength. Strength wise the panel withstood wind load of up to 35 kN. Stiffness wise the panel withstood wind load of 12 IN or 4.6 kPa wind induced stress at nominal deflection of inner plate (12) of L/200=13 mm. This corresponds to stagnation pressure of wind blowing at 85 m/s or 306 km/h. The panels were additionally exposed to 1000 cycles of similar wind load, and built into experimental building where they underwent realistic tests with temperature induced stresses.
The best heat resistance is provided by implementation of hybrid spacer (7) with thickness of steel part of the spacer between 0.05 and 0.2 mm. The thicknesses below 0.05 mm are too thin for mechanical strength of the spacer, the thicknesses above 0.2 mm conduct too much heat. According to own research the thickness of about 0.1 mm seems to be optimal. Due to particular properties of the system as suggested in this patent application for polymer part of hybrid spacer of thickness of about lmin the polymers which are cheaper and conduct even less heat than those used in state of the art of insulation glasses may be used. These are for example polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polystyrene (PS). Insulation glasses usually use polycarbonate (PC) and polypropylene (PP).
The connection (1) in addition to spacers in the second embodiment comprises also adhesive (4) on basis of methacrylate or hybrid polyurethane. Similarly to the first embodiment of the panel the hardness of said adhesive in combination with the thickness is of importance. To achieve appropriate stiffness of stack of more than one spacer the hardness of at least 45 Shore A is needed. The hardness of more than 95 Shore A, could cause early shear failure of adhesive connection between plates (11) and (12) in corners when this connection is subject to outside forces (for example wind) in the corner of a building. The optimal is use of adhesive with final hardness between 60 .
and 85 Shore A, and layer of adhesive between 0.1 mm and 1 mm. More than one layer of adhesive (e.g. two) can be between spacers. Less than 0.2 mm combined thickness of adhesive between the spacers endangers the flexibility of the connection during exposure of the panel to wind, more than 1 mm of thickness does not provide sufficient stiffness. The thickness between 0.2 mm and 0.5 mm is optimal.
Modes of invention For the first implementation the hypothesis was tested whether the polymer adhesive fulfilling criterion from patent application W02004073973 for adhesive to have tensile and/or shear strength greater than 2 MPa suffides for attaching of the system similar to one according to invention. On the panel of length of 1.4 m and width of 1 m, we used enameled float glass dark grey color manufactured by local manufacturer Reflex as external plate (11), said plate 8 mm thick. The inner plate (12) was 15 mm thick plate Rigidur H of manufacturer Rigips. The panel was equipped with two polymer based profiles (2) along longitudinal sides of the profile according to figure 1.
The polymer based profile (2) was 100 mm wide and 43 mm thick. It was manufactured of polyamide 6.6 GF40. Into polymer based profile (2) standard steel rectangular profile (3) was inserted, said profile having dimensions 50x30x2.5 mm. The adhesive between polymer based profile (2) and plates was polyurethane, namely 1 part of isocyanate and 4 parts of polyol. Isocyanate was Suprasec 5025 of manufacturer Huntsman, the polyol was Mitopur A1/5 of local manufacturer Mitol. Adhesive had modulus of elasticity of approximately 2500 MPa and tensile strength much higher than 2 MPa. For insulation core of the panel the styrofoam of 100 mm thickness was used. Before attachment the polymer based profile (2) was prepared for improved grip with adhesive.
Prepared panels were built into the experimental building. After approximately 60 days of summer weather at geographical latitude of approximate 45 the external plates (11) started to fell off. With this experiment we have proven that the criterion of strength of adhesive above 2 MPa is not decisive for use of appropriate adhesive in system such as presented here.
For the second implementation the panel using only the second embodiment according to this invention was used. For panel of length 1 m and width 0.5 m we used enameled float glass dark grey color manufactured by local manufacturer Reflex as external plate (11), said plate 8 mm thick. The inner plate (12) was 15 mm thick plate Rigidur H of manufacturer Rigips. For spacers (7) the modified spacers Chromatech Ultra manufactured by Rolltech of nominal height 20 mm were used. The polymer part of the spacer was manufactured of polystyrene. The stack was comprised of 5 rectangular spacers said spacers continuous around whole perimeter of the panel, said spacers having aluminum foils positioned between themselves as the panel was gas filled.
Between the spacers, and spacers and plates the structural adhesive SikaFast manufactured by Sika was used having thickness 0.3 mm. The adhesive has hardness 80 Shore A. Such panel has appropriate stiffness fer lengths up to 3 m for building up to one story high buildings.
For the third implementation both embodiments were used together. For 10 panels of length 2.6 m and width of 1 m, we used transparent tempered float glass manufactured by local manufacturer Reflex as external plate (11), said plate 8 mm thick.
The inner plate (12) was 15 mm thick plate Rigidur H of manufacturer Rigips. For spacers (7) the modified spacers Chromatech Ultra manufactured by Rolltech of nominal height 20 mm were used. The polymer part of the spacer was manufactured of polystyrene. The stack was comprised of 5 rectangular spacers said spacers continuous around whole perimeter of the panel, said spacers having aluminum foils positioned between themselves as the panel was gas filled. Between the spacers, and spacers and plates the structural adhesive SikaFast 3131 manufactured by Sika was used having thickness 0.3 mm. The panel was equipped with two profiles on base of polymer (2) along longitudinal sides of the panel according to figure 1. The polymer based profile (2) was wide 100 mm and thick 43 .
mm. It was manufactured of polyamide 6.6 GF40. Into polymer based profile (2) standard steel rectangular profile (3) was inserted, said profile having dimensions 50x30x2.5 mm. The adhesive between polymer based profile (2) and plates (11) and (12) was polysulfide adhesive GD116 manufactured by Komerling chemische fabrik, hardness 38 Shore A and 3.5 mm thick. Before attachment the polymer based profile (2) was treated for improved grip using process of plasma treatment. The described panels were thoroughly examined from viewpoints of stiffness and strength. Strength wise the panel withstood wind load of up to 35 kN. Stiffness wise the panel withstood wind load of 12 IN or 4.6 kPa wind induced stress at nominal deflection of inner plate (12) of L/200=13 mm. This corresponds to stagnation pressure of wind blowing at 85 m/s or 306 km/h. The panels were additionally exposed to 1000 cycles of similar wind load, and built into experimental building where they underwent realistic tests with temperature induced stresses.
Claims (14)
1. The building panel as structure of external (11) and inner (12) plate with intermediate insulation space characterized in that the connection (1) between plates (11) and (12) is implemented at least along the longitudinal part of the panel frame where the connection (1) comprises at least a. polymer based profile (2) whereas inside the polymer based profile (2) between the plates (11) and (12) there is at least one thermal insulation pocket (4), and b. an adhesive (5) preferably based on rubbery-elastic polymer between polymer based profile (2) and plates (11) and (12) whereas the nominal hardness of the adhesive (5) is between 35 and 70 Shore A, preferably between 40 and 50 Shore A;
c. plates (11) and (12) with side frame providing for stiff box structure of building panel, said building panel further comprising optional insulation core
c. plates (11) and (12) with side frame providing for stiff box structure of building panel, said building panel further comprising optional insulation core
2. The building panels according to claim 1, characterized in that the polymer based profile (2) is manufactured of extruded thermoplastic composite reinforced.
with 25% to 55% by weight, preferably around 40% by weight of glass fibers.
with 25% to 55% by weight, preferably around 40% by weight of glass fibers.
3. The building panel according to claim 2, characterized in that the polymer based profile (2) is manufactured on base of polyamide, polybutylene terephthalate or polyethylene terephthalate or blend thereof.
4. The building panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the polymer based profile (2) is manufactured of pultruded thermosetting composite reinforced with 50% to 75% by weight of fibers, said fibers either glass, basalt, appropriate woven or nonwoven mats or combination thereof.
5. The building panel according to claim 4, characterized in that the polymer based profile (2) is manufactured of phenol-formaldehyde, polyester, vinylester or epoxy with appropriate fillers.
6. The building panel according to claim 1, characterized in that into the material of the polymer based profile (2) the additives with thermal conductivity lower than 0.2 W/mK are added, or the polymer component of material of the polymer based profile (2) is a polymer foam.
7. The building panels according to claim 1, characterized in that the adhesive (5) is composite based on polyurethane, silicone, silane or preferably polysulfide with thickness of adhesive (5) of 1 mm to 5 mm, preferably 2 mm to 3.5 mm.
8. The building panel according to claim 1 characterized in that the additional profile (3), preferably metal or mineral, is inserted into the polymer based profile (2).
9. The building panel as structure of external (11) and inner (12) plate with intermediate insulation space, characterized in that the connection (1) between plates (11) and (12) is implemented at least along the longitudinal part of the panel frame where the connection (1) comprises at least two essentially one along another stacked spacers (7) attached one to another with at least one layer of polymer adhesive (8) with hardness between 45 and 95 Shore A, preferably 60 and 85 Shore A, and whereas external (11) and inner (12) together with side frame provide for stiff box structure of building panel.
10. The building panel according to claim 10, characterized in that the spacers (7) are either metal tubes, preferably rectangular or partially metal partially polymer tubes, preferably rectangular or profiles of rectangular cross section of polymer, mineral or metal foam or honeycomb or combination thereof.
11. The building panel according to claim 11, characterized in that the spacers (7) are partially metal partially polymer tubes whereas the metal part is manufactured from stainless steel sheet thickness between 0.05 mm to 0.20 mm, preferably around 0.10 mm.
12. The building panel according to claim 11, characterized in that the spacers (7) are partially metal partially polymer tubes whereas the polymer part is manufactured of thermoplastic polymer based on polyvinyl chloride or polystyrene of thickness of around 1 mm.
13. The building panel according to claim 10, characterized in that the polymer adhesive (8) is on basis of methacrylate and/or hybrid polyurethane.
14. The building panel according to claim 10, characterized in that each layer of polymer adhesive (8) has approximate average thickness of 0.2 mm to 1 mm, preferably 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SI201000320A SI23514A (en) | 2010-10-15 | 2010-10-15 | Building panel as structure of outer and inner plate with intermediate insulating space |
| SIP-201000320 | 2010-10-15 | ||
| PCT/SI2011/000009 WO2012050535A1 (en) | 2010-10-15 | 2011-02-19 | Building panel as structure of external and inner plate with intermediate insulation space |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2813405A1 true CA2813405A1 (en) | 2012-04-19 |
Family
ID=44140751
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2813405A Abandoned CA2813405A1 (en) | 2010-10-15 | 2011-02-19 | Building panel as structure of external and inner plate with intermediate insulation space |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20130202845A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2464799B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2013539834A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN103348068A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2011314394A1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR112013009103A2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2813405A1 (en) |
| EA (1) | EA201390518A1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL225541A0 (en) |
| SI (1) | SI23514A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2012050535A1 (en) |
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| CN104652700A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-05-27 | 潘茜茜 | Board |
| KR20190044122A (en) * | 2016-09-14 | 2019-04-29 | 쌩-고벵 글래스 프랑스 | Spacer for insulated glazing unit, method for producing spacer and multiple insulated glazing unit |
| CN106703284B (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2019-02-01 | 深圳市鹏润达市政工程有限公司 | A kind of the lightweight steel construction Anti-knock sheet material and production method of more effects |
| WO2019168412A1 (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2019-09-06 | Golden Homes Holdings Limited | Improvements in and relating to cladding |
| GB2590505B (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2022-04-06 | Agr Living Ltd | Structural insulated panel (SIP) for a modular building |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1253088B (en) * | 1963-12-17 | 1967-10-26 | Eltro G M B H & Co Ges Fuer St | Process for the production of hulls from shipbuilding panels |
| FR2115690A5 (en) * | 1970-11-30 | 1972-07-07 | Irba Gp | |
| NL7115856A (en) * | 1970-12-17 | 1972-06-20 | ||
| DE2102674A1 (en) * | 1971-01-21 | 1972-08-03 | Moderne Bau Kunststoffe Kehren & Co, 5657 Haan | Combination of hollow profiles |
| US3994105A (en) * | 1972-03-20 | 1976-11-30 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Shelter construction |
| US4765105A (en) * | 1986-06-19 | 1988-08-23 | Seven S Structures Inc. | Wall panel with foam insulation |
| GB8927849D0 (en) * | 1989-12-08 | 1990-02-14 | Gavle Limited | A connector |
| US4993204A (en) | 1990-03-15 | 1991-02-19 | Robert T. Feury | Composite metal and plastic frame structure for windows and doors |
| US5142835A (en) * | 1990-10-12 | 1992-09-01 | Taylor Building Products Company | Reaction injection molded door assembly |
| FI108306B (en) | 1997-04-10 | 2001-12-31 | Rautaruukki Oyj | thermos |
| GB2344834A (en) | 1998-12-18 | 2000-06-21 | Isowall | Composite panel |
| CN2445026Y (en) * | 2000-08-11 | 2001-08-29 | 胡明生 | Light partition plate |
| FR2813624B1 (en) | 2000-09-04 | 2002-12-27 | Isosta Panneaux Sandwich | FITTING AND SEALING PROFILE, FITTING DEVICE, SANDWICH STRUCTURED PANEL, AND FACADE, PARTITION OR COVERING ASSEMBLY |
| FI114495B (en) | 2001-11-19 | 2004-10-29 | Rautaruukki Oyj | Exterior wall panel and a corresponding wall construction |
| EP1333129A1 (en) | 2002-02-01 | 2003-08-06 | Corus UK Limited | Prefabricated building panel |
| DE10306892A1 (en) | 2003-02-18 | 2004-08-26 | Basf Ag | Layered composite structure manufacture, particularly in marine applications, involves bonding sidewalls onto outer layers before forming plastic layer between them |
| US20040231275A1 (en) | 2003-05-23 | 2004-11-25 | Mauk Mitchell P. | Panel system for building studs |
| WO2005070803A1 (en) | 2004-01-23 | 2005-08-04 | First Green Park Pty Ltd. | Panel constructions and assemblies made therefrom |
| FR2881767B1 (en) * | 2005-02-07 | 2008-10-17 | Cooperative Ouvriere De Menuis | CONSTRUCTION PANEL WITH REINFORCING BEAM |
| US7600319B2 (en) * | 2007-06-28 | 2009-10-13 | Aar Corp. | Method of making an electromagnetic interference shielded panel |
| GB2451275A (en) | 2007-07-25 | 2009-01-28 | William Ronald Arrowsmith | A building structural insulated panel assembly |
| ITRM20080135A1 (en) * | 2008-03-12 | 2009-09-13 | Tec Inn S R L | PROTECTIVE PANEL |
| US20100223870A1 (en) * | 2009-03-04 | 2010-09-09 | Cincinnati Thermal Spray Inc. | Structural Member and Method of Manufacturing Same |
-
2010
- 2010-10-15 SI SI201000320A patent/SI23514A/en active IP Right Grant
-
2011
- 2011-02-19 CA CA2813405A patent/CA2813405A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-02-19 EA EA201390518A patent/EA201390518A1/en unknown
- 2011-02-19 BR BR112013009103A patent/BR112013009103A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-02-19 JP JP2013533822A patent/JP2013539834A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-02-19 US US13/877,975 patent/US20130202845A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-02-19 EP EP11714135.8A patent/EP2464799B1/en active Active
- 2011-02-19 WO PCT/SI2011/000009 patent/WO2012050535A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-02-19 AU AU2011314394A patent/AU2011314394A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-02-19 CN CN2011800608740A patent/CN103348068A/en active Pending
-
2013
- 2013-04-03 IL IL225541A patent/IL225541A0/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2464799B1 (en) | 2020-05-06 |
| JP2013539834A (en) | 2013-10-28 |
| WO2012050535A1 (en) | 2012-04-19 |
| EA201390518A1 (en) | 2013-11-29 |
| AU2011314394A1 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
| IL225541A0 (en) | 2013-09-30 |
| BR112013009103A2 (en) | 2017-10-31 |
| CN103348068A (en) | 2013-10-09 |
| SI23514A (en) | 2012-04-30 |
| EP2464799A1 (en) | 2012-06-20 |
| US20130202845A1 (en) | 2013-08-08 |
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