CA2779922C - Energy storage on an elevated platform and transfer method - Google Patents
Energy storage on an elevated platform and transfer method Download PDFInfo
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- CA2779922C CA2779922C CA2779922A CA2779922A CA2779922C CA 2779922 C CA2779922 C CA 2779922C CA 2779922 A CA2779922 A CA 2779922A CA 2779922 A CA2779922 A CA 2779922A CA 2779922 C CA2779922 C CA 2779922C
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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Abstract
A lift truck includes a secondary rechargeable energy storage device on a vertically movable platform that is separate from a primary rechargeable energy storage device on the lift truck's main tractor unit. Wires or hoses for transfer of power or controls between the main tractor unit and the platform are reduced or eliminated. The quantity of energy stored in the secondary rechargeable energy storage device is sufficient to power platform electrical loads for a predetermined amount of time until the platform is lowered. When the platform is lowered, the secondary rechargeable energy storage device is recharged by the primary energy storage device.
Description
ENERGY STORAGE ON AN ELEVATED PLATFORM AND TRANSFER
METHOD
[0001]
STATEMENT CONCERNING FEDERALLY SPONSORED
RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
METHOD
[0001]
STATEMENT CONCERNING FEDERALLY SPONSORED
RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
[0002] Not applicable.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0003] The present invention relates to the field of industrial lift trucks, and more specifically to energy storage and transfer systems and methods on a lift truck platform.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0004] Lift trucks are designed in a variety of configurations to perform a variety of tasks. Most tasks include the operation of a vertically movable platform to lift and lower an operator and/or a load. Power for the operation of the lift truck, including motive power for the tractor unit and elevation and/or operation power for the platform, typically comes from energy stored in one or more large capacity rechargeable batteries, a fuel cell, or an internal combustion engine, or a combination of these power sources. The power source is typically located on the tractor unit of the lift truck.
[0005] Common methods of providing necessary power and control from the tractor unit to the platform includes the use of long lengths of wires that extend from the tractor unit through or on a vertically extendable mast or elevating mechanism to the platform. The mast typically consists of one or more rigid metal frames that are nested within each other like an extension ladder. As one or more of the mast's nested metal frames are extended or telescoped upward, the platform is raised. Threading wires in or on the mast is a complex design and manufacturing process. There may be bearings between the moving frames and the wires, and the wires must be placed within the sliding metal frames without interfering with movement. Placing of wires on or in the moving metal frames will, by necessity, require more space for packaging.
[0006] It would therefore be desirable to reduce and/or eliminate the need to route wires from the tractor unit to the platform, and replace the use of wires routed on the vertically extendable mast with a secondary energy storage device to provide power for the platform's power needs.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] The present invention overcomes the drawbacks of the previous lift truck systems and methods by reducing or eliminating the use of wires for providing power and control to the platform, and replacing the wires with a secondary energy storage device. Some of the space freed up by reducing and/or eliminating the wires may be used to position the secondary energy storage device on or in the extendable mast.
[0007A] According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a lift truck comprising a tractor unit; a primary energy storage device disposed on the tractor unit, the primary energy storage device configured to provide operating power to the tractor unit; a vertically extendable mast mounted relative to the tractor unit, the mast including a fixed base and an extendable mast section; a vertically movable platform coupled to the extendable mast section, the platform being vertically movable with the extendable mast section between an upper position and a lower position; a rechargeable secondary energy storage device disposed within a space defined by a width of the extendable mast section, the rechargeable secondary energy storage device being rechargeable upon moving the platform toward the lower position; a primary side sensor circuit and a secondary side target, such that when the primary side sensor circuit and secondary side target are aligned, a transfer coupling sense circuit indicates an aligned condition; the rechargeable secondary energy storage device including at least one capacitor, the at least one capacitor adapted to accept an energy transfer from the primary energy storage device and temporarily store the energy transfer, the rechargeable secondary energy storage device further including a DC-to-DC voltage converter, the voltage converter adapted to convert a voltage from the at least one capacitor to a recharge voltage to recharge the rechargeable secondary energy storage device; and wherein the at least one capacitor is electrically connected between the primary energy storage device and the DC-to-DC voltage converter when the primary side sensor circuit and the secondary side target are aligned such that the DC-to-DC voltage converter does not directly connect to the primary energy storage device.
[0007B]
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a lift truck comprising a tractor unit; a rechargeable primary energy storage device disposed on the tractor unit, a vertically movable platform movably coupled to the tractor unit, the platform being vertically movable between an upper position and a lower position and including an operator station; a rechargeable secondary energy storage device disposed within the operator station; an energy transfer coupling, the energy transfer coupling configured to transfer energy from the rechargeable primary energy storage device on the tractor unit to the rechargeable secondary energy storage device on the platform to recharge the rechargeable secondary energy storage device;
a primary side sensor circuit and a secondary side target, such that when the primary side sensor circuit and secondary side target are aligned, a transfer coupling sense circuit indicates an aligned condition; the rechargeable secondary energy storage device including at least one capacitor, the at least one capacitor adapted to accept an energy transfer from the primary energy storage device and temporarily store the energy transfer, the rechargeable secondary energy storage device further including a DC-to-DC voltage converter, the voltage DC-to-DC converter adapted to convert a voltage from the at least one capacitor to a recharge voltage to recharge the rechargeable secondary energy storage device; and wherein the at least one capacitor is electrically connected between the primary energy storage device and the DC-to-DC voltage converter when the primary side sensor circuit and the -2a-secondary side target are aligned such that the DC-to-DC voltage converter does not directly connect to the primary energy storage device.
[0007C] According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method comprising providing a lift truck, the lift truck comprising a tractor unit; a primary energy storage device disposed on the tractor unit; a vertically extendable mast mounted relative to the tractor unit, the mast including a fixed base and an extendable mast section; a vertically movable platform coupled to the extendable mast section, the platform being vertically movable with the extendable mast section between an upper position and a lower recharge position; and a rechargeable secondary energy storage device including at least one capacitor and a DC-to-DC voltage converter, and disposed within a space defined by a width of the extendable mast section; and operating the lift truck via the steps of lowering the vertically extendable mast from the upper position to the lower recharge position; sensing, via a transfer coupling sense circuit, an aligned condition corresponding to a primary side sensor circuit being aligned with a secondary side target; electrically connecting, upon sensing the aligned condition, the primary energy storage device and the DC-to-DC voltage converter via the at least one capacitor, such that the DC-to-DC voltage converter does not directly connect to the primary energy storage device; transferring energy from the primary energy storage device to the at least one capacitor; temporarily storing the energy via the at least one capacitor; converting a voltage from the at least one capacitor to a recharge voltage, using the DC-to-DC voltage converter; and recharging the rechargeable secondary energy storage device when the platform is in the lower recharge position.
[0007A] According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a lift truck comprising a tractor unit; a primary energy storage device disposed on the tractor unit, the primary energy storage device configured to provide operating power to the tractor unit; a vertically extendable mast mounted relative to the tractor unit, the mast including a fixed base and an extendable mast section; a vertically movable platform coupled to the extendable mast section, the platform being vertically movable with the extendable mast section between an upper position and a lower position; a rechargeable secondary energy storage device disposed within a space defined by a width of the extendable mast section, the rechargeable secondary energy storage device being rechargeable upon moving the platform toward the lower position; a primary side sensor circuit and a secondary side target, such that when the primary side sensor circuit and secondary side target are aligned, a transfer coupling sense circuit indicates an aligned condition; the rechargeable secondary energy storage device including at least one capacitor, the at least one capacitor adapted to accept an energy transfer from the primary energy storage device and temporarily store the energy transfer, the rechargeable secondary energy storage device further including a DC-to-DC voltage converter, the voltage converter adapted to convert a voltage from the at least one capacitor to a recharge voltage to recharge the rechargeable secondary energy storage device; and wherein the at least one capacitor is electrically connected between the primary energy storage device and the DC-to-DC voltage converter when the primary side sensor circuit and the secondary side target are aligned such that the DC-to-DC voltage converter does not directly connect to the primary energy storage device.
[0007B]
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a lift truck comprising a tractor unit; a rechargeable primary energy storage device disposed on the tractor unit, a vertically movable platform movably coupled to the tractor unit, the platform being vertically movable between an upper position and a lower position and including an operator station; a rechargeable secondary energy storage device disposed within the operator station; an energy transfer coupling, the energy transfer coupling configured to transfer energy from the rechargeable primary energy storage device on the tractor unit to the rechargeable secondary energy storage device on the platform to recharge the rechargeable secondary energy storage device;
a primary side sensor circuit and a secondary side target, such that when the primary side sensor circuit and secondary side target are aligned, a transfer coupling sense circuit indicates an aligned condition; the rechargeable secondary energy storage device including at least one capacitor, the at least one capacitor adapted to accept an energy transfer from the primary energy storage device and temporarily store the energy transfer, the rechargeable secondary energy storage device further including a DC-to-DC voltage converter, the voltage DC-to-DC converter adapted to convert a voltage from the at least one capacitor to a recharge voltage to recharge the rechargeable secondary energy storage device; and wherein the at least one capacitor is electrically connected between the primary energy storage device and the DC-to-DC voltage converter when the primary side sensor circuit and the -2a-secondary side target are aligned such that the DC-to-DC voltage converter does not directly connect to the primary energy storage device.
[0007C] According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method comprising providing a lift truck, the lift truck comprising a tractor unit; a primary energy storage device disposed on the tractor unit; a vertically extendable mast mounted relative to the tractor unit, the mast including a fixed base and an extendable mast section; a vertically movable platform coupled to the extendable mast section, the platform being vertically movable with the extendable mast section between an upper position and a lower recharge position; and a rechargeable secondary energy storage device including at least one capacitor and a DC-to-DC voltage converter, and disposed within a space defined by a width of the extendable mast section; and operating the lift truck via the steps of lowering the vertically extendable mast from the upper position to the lower recharge position; sensing, via a transfer coupling sense circuit, an aligned condition corresponding to a primary side sensor circuit being aligned with a secondary side target; electrically connecting, upon sensing the aligned condition, the primary energy storage device and the DC-to-DC voltage converter via the at least one capacitor, such that the DC-to-DC voltage converter does not directly connect to the primary energy storage device; transferring energy from the primary energy storage device to the at least one capacitor; temporarily storing the energy via the at least one capacitor; converting a voltage from the at least one capacitor to a recharge voltage, using the DC-to-DC voltage converter; and recharging the rechargeable secondary energy storage device when the platform is in the lower recharge position.
[0008] In one embodiment of the invention, a lift truck having a primary energy storage device and a secondary energy storage device is provided. The lift truck comprises a tractor unit, with a vertically movable platform attached to the tractor unit. The tractor unit includes the primary energy storage device and is adapted for moving the lift truck and supporting the platform during up and down movements of the platform, the platform including the secondary energy storage device. The lift truck may also comprise -2b-a tractor unit and a vertically extendable mast mounted relative to the tractor unit. The mast includes a fixed base and an extendable mast section. The vertically movable platform may be attached to or a part of the extendable mast section, and includes the secondary energy storage device.
[0009] In another embodiment of the invention, systems and methods provide a lift truck including a tractor unit with a primary energy storage device disposed on the tractor unit. The primary energy storage device is configured to provide operating power to the tractor unit, and may include a rechargeable device. A vertically extendable mast is mounted relative to the -2c-tractor unit, the mast including a fixed base and an extendable mast section.
A vertically movable platform is coupled to (i.e., attached to or a part of) the extendable mast section, with the platform being vertically movable with the extendable mast section between the upper position and the lower position. A
rechargeable secondary energy storage device is disposed within a space defined by a width, and in some embodiments a thickness, of the extendable mast section, the rechargeable secondary energy storage device being rechargeable upon moving the platform toward the lower position.
A vertically movable platform is coupled to (i.e., attached to or a part of) the extendable mast section, with the platform being vertically movable with the extendable mast section between the upper position and the lower position. A
rechargeable secondary energy storage device is disposed within a space defined by a width, and in some embodiments a thickness, of the extendable mast section, the rechargeable secondary energy storage device being rechargeable upon moving the platform toward the lower position.
[0010] In some embodiments, an energy transfer coupling is included. The energy transfer coupling is adapted to transfer energy from the primary energy storage device to the rechargeable secondary energy storage device to recharge the rechargeable secondary energy storage device. The energy transfer coupling may also be adapted to transfer energy from the secondary energy storage device to the primary energy storage device. The energy transfer coupling comprises at least one of a physical coupling and an inductive coupling.
[0011] In other embodiments, the rechargeable secondary energy storage device further includes at least one capacitor, where the at least one capacitor is adapted to accept an energy transfer from the primary energy storage device. The rechargeable secondary energy storage device may also include a DC-to-DC voltage converter. The voltage converter is adapted to convert a voltage from the at least one capacitor to a recharge voltage to recharge the rechargeable secondary energy storage device.
[0012] In yet other embodiments, the tractor unit includes a first wireless communication unit and the platform includes a second wireless communication unit. The first and second wireless communication units are adapted to provide a wireless communication link between the tractor unit and the platform.
[0013] In another embodiment of the invention, systems and methods provide a lift truck including a tractor unit with a rechargeable primary energy storage device disposed on the tractor unit. A vertically movable platform is movably coupled to the tractor unit, the platform being vertically movable between an upper position and a lower position, and includes an operator station. A rechargeable secondary energy storage device is disposed within the operator station. The lift truck also includes an energy transfer coupling.
The energy transfer coupling is configured to transfer energy from the rechargeable primary energy storage device on the tractor unit to the rechargeable secondary energy storage device on the platform to recharge the rechargeable secondary energy storage device. A vertically extendable mast may be mounted relative to the tractor unit, with the mast including a fixed base and an extendable mast section. The platform may be coupled to (i.e., attached to or part of) the extendable mast section, and may be vertically movable with the extendable mast section between the upper position and the lower position.
The energy transfer coupling is configured to transfer energy from the rechargeable primary energy storage device on the tractor unit to the rechargeable secondary energy storage device on the platform to recharge the rechargeable secondary energy storage device. A vertically extendable mast may be mounted relative to the tractor unit, with the mast including a fixed base and an extendable mast section. The platform may be coupled to (i.e., attached to or part of) the extendable mast section, and may be vertically movable with the extendable mast section between the upper position and the lower position.
[0014] In some embodiments, the energy transfer coupling further includes at least one capacitor and a voltage converter. The at least one capacitor is adapted to accept an energy transfer from the rechargeable primary energy storage device, and the voltage converter is adapted to convert a voltage from the at least one capacitor to a recharge voltage to recharge the rechargeable secondary energy storage device.
[0015] In other embodiments, a transfer coupling sense circuit is included, the circuit adapted to sense a voltage potential difference between the primary energy storage device and the rechargeable secondary energy storage device.
[0016] In yet another aspect of the invention, a method provides a lift truck, the lift truck comprising a tractor unit and a primary energy storage device disposed on the tractor unit. A vertically extendable mast is mounted relative to the tractor unit, the mast including a fixed base and an extendable mast section. A vertically movable platform is coupled to the extendable mast section, the platform being vertically movable with the extendable mast section between an upper position and a lower recharge position, and a rechargeable secondary energy storage device disposed within a space defined by a width and in some embodiments a thickness of the extendable mast section. The method includes lowering the platform from the upper position to the lower recharge position and recharging the rechargeable secondary energy storage device by transferring energy from the primary energy storage device to the rechargeable secondary energy storage device when the platform is in the lower recharge position.
[0017] In some embodiments, the method further includes sensing for a voltage potential difference between the primary energy storage device and the rechargeable secondary energy storage device, and recharging only when the voltage potential difference is sensed.
[0018] In other embodiments, transferring energy from the primary energy storage device to the rechargeable secondary energy storage device occurs automatically when the platform in the lower recharge position.
[0019] In yet other embodiments, the potential energy generated from lowering the platform may be used for recharging the rechargeable primary and/or secondary energy storage device. The tractor unit and the platform may also be operated using energy supplied by the rechargeable secondary energy storage device when the primary energy storage device is non-operational.
[0020] The foregoing and other intended objects and advantages of the invention according to its embodiments will appear in the detailed description which follows. In the description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which disclose the illustrative embodiments.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] Fig. 1 is a side view of an exemplary lift truck employing a primary energy storage device, a secondary energy storage device, and an energy transfer coupling unit for transferring energy between the primary energy storage device and the secondary energy storage device, and showing a vertically movable platform in a recharge position configured to allow recharging of the secondary energy storage device;
[0022] Fig. 2 is a side view of the lift truck of Fig. 1, showing the vertically movable platform in a vertically extended position where the secondary energy storage device provides power for the platform's power needs;
[0023] Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a lift truck, and showing the secondary energy storage device and an energy transfer coupling unit positioned on or in a space defined by the extendable mast section;
[0024] Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a lift truck, and showing alterative positions for the secondary energy storage device and an energy transfer coupling unit positioned in or about the operator compartment;
[0025] Fig. 5 is a schematic drawing of an electrical circuit incorporating a primary energy storage device, a secondary energy storage device, and an energy transfer coupling unit for transferring energy between the primary energy storage device and the secondary energy storage device;
[0026] Fig. 6 is a graphical drawing of a charging pattern for the secondary energy storage device Fig. 4 is a schematic view of an energy transfer coupling unit;
[0027] Fig. 7 is a schematic drawing of an exemplary capacitor assembly, showing a capacitor bank and a control circuit;
[0028] Fig. 8 is a perspective view of electrically coupled primary and secondary contacts; and
[0029] Fig. 9 is a perspective view of inductively coupled primary and secondary transformer windings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENT
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENT
[0030] Referring now to the Figures, and more particularly to Figs. 1 and 2, the general arrangement and positioning of a representative electrical circuit associated with a material handling vehicle or lift truck 10 in accordance with embodiments of the invention is shown. The lift truck 10 includes a tractor unit 12, and a vertically extendable mast 13 mounted relative to the tractor unit 12. The mast 13 includes a fixed base 14 and at least one extendable mast section 15, with a vertically movable platform 16 attached to the extendable mast section 15. The extendable mast section 15 raises and lowers the platform 16.
[0031] In one embodiment of the lift truck, the platform 16 includes an operator station or compartment 18 and platform forks 24. The operator compartment 18 includes an operator platform 20 on which the operator sits and/or stands, and an operator console 22 for operation of the lift truck 10, including operation of the platform 16 functions. The console 22 includes controls (not shown) for controlling lift truck steering and speed, and includes controls for controlling raising and lowering the platform 16, and operation of the platform forks 24. The operator compartment 18 may also include lights and/or one or more displays for displaying operational data. It is to be appreciated that alternative embodiments of the lift truck 10 may include a fixed operator compartment 18 on the tractor unit (i.e., the operator does not travel up and down with the platform), or may not include a designated operator compartment, such as when the operator does not stand on the lift truck 10, but walks along with the lift truck 10 and controls the lift truck using a control handle (not shown).
[0032] Still referring to Figs. 1 and 2, the lift truck 10 includes a primary energy storage device 26 located in or on the tractor unit 12.
Variations of the primary energy storage device may include, for example, one or more rechargeable batteries, a fuel cell assembly, or a combination of both.
The primary energy storage device 26 is configured to provide electrical power for the lift truck needs for a desired amount of time, e.g., one hour, several hours, one day, or several days, or more or less, depending on usage and application. After the primary energy storage device 26 is depleted to a predetermined amount, such as less than 50%, or 25%, or 10%, or more or less, of a full charge, the primary energy storage device 26 is recharged in a known manner, i.e., connection to an electrical outlet for recharging and/or replacement of fuel for a fuel cell.
Variations of the primary energy storage device may include, for example, one or more rechargeable batteries, a fuel cell assembly, or a combination of both.
The primary energy storage device 26 is configured to provide electrical power for the lift truck needs for a desired amount of time, e.g., one hour, several hours, one day, or several days, or more or less, depending on usage and application. After the primary energy storage device 26 is depleted to a predetermined amount, such as less than 50%, or 25%, or 10%, or more or less, of a full charge, the primary energy storage device 26 is recharged in a known manner, i.e., connection to an electrical outlet for recharging and/or replacement of fuel for a fuel cell.
[0033] The lift truck 10 also includes a secondary energy storage device 28 in or on the extendable mast section 15 (or in or on the platform 16), the secondary energy storage device 28 being a separate device from the primary energy storage device 26. Variations of the secondary energy storage device include, for example, one or more rechargeable batteries, capacitors, a fuel cell assembly, or any combination. The secondary energy storage device 28 is sized and configured to provide power for the platform 16 electrical load and systems, such as horizontal adjustment of the platform forks 24 and operation of lights and/or displays, for example, without the need to draw power from the primary energy storage device 26. When the platform 16 is elevated (see Fig.
2), the secondary energy storage device 28 is the main source of power for the platform's electrical load. The secondary energy storage device 28 may be smaller, even considerably smaller, both in terms of physical size and storage capacity, than the primary energy storage device 26, due to the use of newer battery technologies, and the amount of power needed to be stored in the secondary energy storage device 28 may be less than the power needs of the primary energy storage device 26.
2), the secondary energy storage device 28 is the main source of power for the platform's electrical load. The secondary energy storage device 28 may be smaller, even considerably smaller, both in terms of physical size and storage capacity, than the primary energy storage device 26, due to the use of newer battery technologies, and the amount of power needed to be stored in the secondary energy storage device 28 may be less than the power needs of the primary energy storage device 26.
[0034] In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the secondary energy storage device 28 is shown positioned in a space 70 generally defined by the width W of the extendable mast section 15, and may include the thickness T of the extendable mast section 15. The height H of the space 70 may be variable depending on the configuration of the secondary energy storage device 28. The secondary energy storage device 28 may or may not be coupled to the extendable mast section 15 and moves vertically with the extendable mast section. In this embodiment, a secondary side coupling 34B (described below) is shown positioned next to the secondary energy storage device 28 also within the space 70. A primary side coupling 34A (also discussed below) is shown mounted on the tractor 12 in a position configured for efficient transfer of power, such as when the platform 16 in the lowered position.
[00351 Use of the available space 70 for positioning the secondary energy storage device 28 and/or the secondary side coupling 348 allows for maintaining a predetermined length L of the truck 12, and therefore the length L does not need to be increased to accommodate the secondary energy storage device 28 and/or the secondary side coupling 34B. Increasing the length L of the truck 12 may be less desirable as the length of the truck 12 has an effect on the turning radius of the truck. The longer the length, e.g., the wheel base, the longer the turning radius. Conversely, for example, a shorter turning radius allows for narrower isles in a storage facility, which can provide for greater densities of stored materials, maximizing available space.
[0036] Referring to Fig. 4, an alternative embodiment of a lift truck is shown where the secondary energy storage device 28 is shown positioned as an element of the operator compartment 18. As can be seen, the secondary energy storage device 28 may be positioned within or under shroud 72, which comprises a portion of the operator compartment 18. The secondary side coupling 34B may also be positioned within or under shroud 72, or, as shown, may be positioned in the space 70 for efficient transfer of power with primary side coupling 34A. Similar to embodiment shown in Fig. 3, positioning the secondary energy storage device as shown utilizes available space and may reduce or eliminate the need to extend the length of the truck to accommodate the additional space requirements for the secondary energy storage device 28 and the secondary side coupling 34B.
[0037] In order to accommodate the typical uses of the lift truck 10, i.e., frequent up and down movement of the platform 16, in one embodiment, the secondary energy storage device can comprise a combination of a temporary energy storage 36 (e.g., capacitors, such as ultracapacitors), a DC-to DC voltage converter 38, and one or more batteries 40 (see Fig. 5). The temporary energy storage 36 may first accept a fast energy transfer from the primary energy storage device 26. The energy transferred in the fast energy transfer may be stored temporarily in the temporary energy storage 36, which in some embodiments will be described and referenced as a capacitor assembly 36.The stored energy is then converted via the voltage converter 38 to a more constant voltage to recharge the battery(s) 40.
[0038] This transfer of energy is desirably relatively fast compared to the time required to recharge the primary energy storage device 26 in order to avoid degrading the overall usage and performance of the lift truck 10. The time to complete a transfer of power from the primary energy storage device 26 to the capacitor assembly 36 of the secondary energy storage device 28 may be measured in seconds or minutes as compared to hours for a typical lift truck battery recharge. It is to be appreciated that the secondary energy storage device 28 may only be partially recharged during a transfer of power, and may also be recharged in a known manner similar to or the same as recharging the primary energy storage device 26, i.e., connection to an electrical outlet for recharging and/or replacement of fuel for a fuel cell.
[0039] When the task or tasks utilizing the platform 16 are completed by the operator, the platform 16 is lowered for normal horizontal movement of the lift truck 10. When the vertical movement of the platform 16 has substantially stopped and the platform is in a lowered recharging position 30 (see Fig. 1), the primary energy storage device 26 is then used to recharge the secondary energy storage device 28. In the lowered recharging position 30, recharging takes place and the supply of energy is partially or completely replenished in the secondary energy storage device 28. Thus, the use of the primary and secondary energy storage devices allows for the reduction or elimination of electric wires extending from the tractor unit 12, through and/or on the vertically extendable mast 13 and extendable mast section 15, and to the platform 16.
[0040] In one embodiment, when energy is being transferred from the primary energy storage device 26 to the secondary energy storage device 28, the amount and intensity of the energy are desirably controlled. The primary energy storage device 26 may have a large amount of energy but not infinite, for example, typically 20 to 50 kwh, as a non-limiting example.
Removing too large a quantity of energy from the primary energy storage device 26 when it is near depletion itself may not be desirable due to the possibility of draining the primary energy storage device 26 to a point where the lift truck is non-operational.
[0041] When the energy is being transferred, it may be transferred at a rate that is not able to be absorbed by the battery(s) 40 of the secondary energy storage device 28. The capacitor assembly 36, e.g., ultracapacitor(s), provide a short-term storage medium, and are used to rapidly absorb and temporarily store the transferred energy. Components such as capacitors have the ability to accept large quantities of power quickly due to their low internal resistance. Another characteristic of a capacitor is that its voltage changes directly with the charge level. The energy contained within the capacitor is a function of its capacitance and the voltage as given by:
, .
[0042] E = C * V2 [0043] Where:
E = The stored energy in Joules (or watt-seconds);
C = The capacitance in Farads; and V = The voltage across the terminals in volts.
[0044] In some embodiments, when in the recharging position 30, assuming there is a difference in electrical potential between the primary and secondary energy storage devices detected by an energy transfer control circuit 58, energy will start being transferred. When the voltage on the capacitor assembly 36 is replenished, the DC-to-DC converter 38 converts the stored capacitor voltage to a more constant voltage, such as 12, 18, or 24VDC, that is more acceptable for charging the battery 40 on the platform 16. As this transfer of energy takes place, the voltage at the capacitor assembly 36 may drop as shown in Fig. 6.
[0045] Still referring to Fig. 6, in one embodiment, the energy content in the top half of the capacitor assembly 36 voltage range contains about 75% of the total energy available for use. As the capacitor assembly 36 is repeatedly charged (when the platform 16 is in the recharging position), and discharged through the DC-to-DC converter 38, its stored energy is made available to charge the battery 40 and for use by the platform 16. The battery 40 may comprise Nickel Metal Hydride or Lithium-Ion for example, to reduce weight of the secondary energy storage device 28. These newer technology batteries should be charged under a more controlled environment to prevent damaging voltages and undesirable temperature rise.
[0046] At a predetermined level, e.g., V/2, the voltage at the capacitor assembly 36 may become too low for the DC-to-DC converter 38 to use, so the converter 38 ceases its operation of charging the battery 40. The systems of the platform 16 will continue to draw power from the battery 40 that has been recently recharged.
[0047] In this configuration, the capacitor assembly 36 is being used in a manner that takes advantage of its quick charge/discharge characteristics. The DC-to-DC converter 38 can efficiently, e.g., >90%, convert the capacitor voltage to charge the battery 40. In this configuration, the battery 40 is periodically being charged from the DC-to-DC converter 38 in a manner best suited for extending the life of the battery 40. The electric and electronic systems of the platform 16 see a relatively smooth bus voltage in which to operate.
[0048] In one embodiment shown in Fig. 7, the capacitor assembly 36 includes a capacitor bank 78 and a controller 80. A charge circuit 76 electrically couples the capacitor bank 78 and the controller 80. Battery plug 88 electrically couples the capacitor assembly 36 to the battery voltage circuit 79 (see Fig. 5), and vehicle power plug 90 electrically couples the capacitor assembly 36 to the DC-to-DC converter 38. A feedback 89, either electrical and/or mechanical, provides a signal to the controller 80 that the battery plug 88 is connected or is disconnected.
[0049] As can be seen in the embodiment shown in Fig. 7, the charge circuit 76 may include a main connect contact 82, a precharge contact 84, and a fast rate contact 86, and each may be under the control of the controller 80. In operation, the charge circuit 76 is configured to regulate the charge from the primary energy storage device 26 and to switch the capacitor bank 78 into and out of the battery voltage circuit 79 (see Fig. 5). In some situations, the capacitor bank 78 may be very low on charge or may be completely discharged. Because of the very low impedance of the capacitor bank, it is illustratively not connected directly to a battery that could source a large amount of amps. Contacts 82, 84, and 86, along with resistors 98 and 99 provide the charge circuit 76 for use when the capacitor bank is at varying states of charge.
[0050] In some embodiments, when the capacitor bank 78 is at a first charge state, such as at or near a discharged state, precharge contact would energize instead of main connect contact 82. The current path to charge the capacitor bank 78 would be through the precharge contact 84, and resistors 98 and 99. This circuit configuration limits the peak currents to a value that would be tolerable for the components used, e.g., <50 amps, or more or less, for example. When the voltage level in the capacitor bank reaches a second charge state, e.g., 80% of the primary energy storage 26 voltage, or more or less, fast rate contact 86 would energize and the charge path would now be just through the fast rate contact 86 and resistor 99. This circuit configuration would decrease the charge current resistance and allow the charge process to finish at a faster rate.
[0051] Once the capacitor bank voltage reaches a third charge state, e.g., 1% of the primary energy storage 26 voltage, or more or less, main connect contact 82 would energize and bypass contacts 84, 86, and resistors 98 and 99. With only a small differential voltage between the capacitor bank and the primary energy storage 26, the current surge would be minimal. In an alternative embodiment, the charging circuit elements described above may be replaced with and/or may use semiconductor devices, such as an IGBT or MOSFET circuit, to switch charging current paths.
[0052] An optional status indicator 94 may be included to provide a visual indication of the status and/or operation of the control circuit 76. An optional current sensor 96 may also be included, with the sensed current value supplied to the controller 80. In some embodiments, the controller 80 may be electrically coupled to a vehicle manager 97 for coordination with other lift truck systems.
[0053] In use, and referring to Fig. 5, with the platform 16 lowered to the recharging position 30, an energy transfer coupling unit 32 is configured to allow power to be transferred between the primary and secondary energy storage devices. The energy transfer coupling unit 32 comprising a primary side coupling 34A mounted on the tractor 12 and a secondary side coupling 34B mounted on the platform 16 (or in or on the extendable mast section 15).
In one embodiment, before power can flow, a primary side sensor 52 on the tractor unit 12 is desirably aligned (i.e., in a predetermined position) with respect to a corresponding secondary side target 54 on the platform 16. Unless the sensor 52 and the target 54 are aligned, no current will flow. When the sensor 52 and the target 54 are aligned, a transfer coupling sense circuit 56 is configured to indicate an aligned condition to the energy transfer control circuit 58. The energy transfer control circuit 58 is configured to allow the stored energy available from the primary energy storage device 26 to pass to the secondary energy storage device 28 if the transfer coupling sense circuit 56 indicates that the sensor 52 and target 54 are aligned and that there is a voltage potential difference between the primary and secondary energy storage devices. In addition, the components involved in the energy transfer may have limits to their current carrying capability so the intensity of the transfer may be controlled by the energy transfer control circuit 58. In one embodiment, a pulse width modulation (PWM) switching circuit 64 may be used to keep the current levels within an acceptable range.
[0054] In order to allow the power available from the primary energy storage device 26 to pass to the secondary energy storage device 28, in one embodiment, the primary side coupling 34A includes primary electrical contacts 60, and the secondary side coupling 34B includes secondary electrical contacts 62 (see Fig. 8). The primary and secondary electrical contacts 60, 62 will physically touch each other when the platform 16 is lowered to the recharging position 30, (i.e., when the sensor 52 and the target 54 align), to transfer the power from the primary energy storage device 26 to the secondary energy storage device 28. The primary contacts 60 are fixedly or movably positioned on the tractor unit 12, and the secondary contacts 62 are fixedly or movably positioned on the platform 16 or extendable mast section 15. When the contacts 60, 62 are in the correct position, and the energy transfer control circuit 58 detects a difference in voltage between the primary and secondary energy storage devices 26, 28, the power transfer may begin.
[0055] In an alternative embodiment shown in Fig. 9, the primary side coupling 34A includes a primary transformer winding 60, and the secondary side coupling includes a secondary transformer winding 62'. The primary transformer winding 60 and secondary transformer winding 62' are in inductive communication when the platform 16 is lowered to the recharging position 30, and will allow for inductive power transfer. In this alternative embodiment, the primary transformer winding 60' replaces the primary contacts 60, and the secondary transformer winding 62' replaces the secondary contacts 62. The primary energy storage device voltage may be inverted to a higher AC voltage that is then transformer coupled across a non-contact coupling. This configuration may be advantageous because of the non-contact energy transfer. It may be more maintenance-free and provide no exposed contact surfaces.
[0056] Illustratively, the transformer windings 60 and 62' are configured to fit inside one-another with only a thin layer of plastic insulator to separate them (see Fig. 9). However, fitting one winding inside another is not required to practice the invention according to its embodiments. By using a high frequency signal, e.g., 40-50KHz, as a non-limiting example, created in the energy transfer control circuit 58, the size of the transformer components may be relatively small.
[0057] Similar to the primary and secondary contacts 60, 62, the primary transformer winding 60' inductively couple to the secondary transformer winding 62' when the platform 16 is lowered to the charging position 30. When the windings 60', 62' are in the correct position, and the energy transfer control circuit 58 detects a difference in voltage between the primary and secondary energy storage devices 26, 28, the power transfer may begin.
[0058] With the elimination of wires extending from the tractor unit 12 to the platform 16, wireless signals 42, such as control signals and/or operational signals, may be transmitted wirelessly between the platform 16 and the tractor unit 12. As seen in Figs. 1 and 2, the tractor unit 10 may include a first wireless communications device 44 and the platform may include a second wireless communications device 46. The power for the communications device 44 on the tractor 12 comes from the primary energy storage device 26, and the power for the communications device 46 on the platform 16 comes from the secondary energy storage device 28. The wireless signals 42 may be transmitted wirelessly between the tractor unit 12 and the platform 16 using a variety of known signals and frequencies, including WiFi, 900MHz, ZigBee, etc., as non limiting examples.
[0059] The wireless communication system may be configured to perform several functions; for example, a constant signal may be sent and acknowledged (similar to a watchdog timer) that lets the truck's main controller 48 know that the platform 16 is in constant communication. Should that signal fail to be received, a vehicle shutdown may be initiated as a failsafe methodology. Commands generated by the operator on the platform 16 or signals created from sensors 50 on the platform, for example, may be relayed to the truck's main controller 48. Feedback information useful to the operator, such as remaining battery or fuel capacity, fault codes, and general vehicle status may be sent to the tractor unit communications device 44 and the platform communication device 46 for display at the operator station.
[0060] In an alternative embodiment, the secondary energy storage device 28 located on the platform 16 can also be replenished by regenerative lowering if the vehicle is equipped with a suitable generator. Regenerative lowering uses the potential energy of an elevated platform 16 and converts that to electric power when the platform is lowered. Channeling the generated energy directly to the secondary energy storage device 28 located on the platform 16 may further improve efficiency as it eliminates the losses of charging the primary energy storage device 26 first before transferring the generated power to the platform 16, as previously described.
[0061] An additional use for the secondary energy storage device 28 on the platform 16 may be as a backup power supply when the primary energy storage device 26 has been exhausted or otherwise not available. By having a reserve of energy on the platform 16, the flow of energy can be reversed back to the primary energy storage device 26 to keep vital systems energized, and may provide a sufficient amount of motive power to maneuver the lift truck 10 to a maintenance area for recharging. The additional power source on the platform 16 may increase the total amount of stored energy on the lift truck 10. This supplemental energy may, in effect, extend the operational time of the lift truck before the primary energy supply must be replenished.
[0062] It is to be appreciated that the use of the terms primary and secondary is not intended to be limiting or indicate any order. Descriptions such as first and second, or A and B may also be used and would remain consistent with the present disclosure.
[0063] An illustrative embodiment of the invention has been described in considerable detail. Many modifications and variations to the illustrative embodiment described will be apparent to a person of ordinary skill in the art. Therefore, the invention should not be limited to the embodiment described.
[00351 Use of the available space 70 for positioning the secondary energy storage device 28 and/or the secondary side coupling 348 allows for maintaining a predetermined length L of the truck 12, and therefore the length L does not need to be increased to accommodate the secondary energy storage device 28 and/or the secondary side coupling 34B. Increasing the length L of the truck 12 may be less desirable as the length of the truck 12 has an effect on the turning radius of the truck. The longer the length, e.g., the wheel base, the longer the turning radius. Conversely, for example, a shorter turning radius allows for narrower isles in a storage facility, which can provide for greater densities of stored materials, maximizing available space.
[0036] Referring to Fig. 4, an alternative embodiment of a lift truck is shown where the secondary energy storage device 28 is shown positioned as an element of the operator compartment 18. As can be seen, the secondary energy storage device 28 may be positioned within or under shroud 72, which comprises a portion of the operator compartment 18. The secondary side coupling 34B may also be positioned within or under shroud 72, or, as shown, may be positioned in the space 70 for efficient transfer of power with primary side coupling 34A. Similar to embodiment shown in Fig. 3, positioning the secondary energy storage device as shown utilizes available space and may reduce or eliminate the need to extend the length of the truck to accommodate the additional space requirements for the secondary energy storage device 28 and the secondary side coupling 34B.
[0037] In order to accommodate the typical uses of the lift truck 10, i.e., frequent up and down movement of the platform 16, in one embodiment, the secondary energy storage device can comprise a combination of a temporary energy storage 36 (e.g., capacitors, such as ultracapacitors), a DC-to DC voltage converter 38, and one or more batteries 40 (see Fig. 5). The temporary energy storage 36 may first accept a fast energy transfer from the primary energy storage device 26. The energy transferred in the fast energy transfer may be stored temporarily in the temporary energy storage 36, which in some embodiments will be described and referenced as a capacitor assembly 36.The stored energy is then converted via the voltage converter 38 to a more constant voltage to recharge the battery(s) 40.
[0038] This transfer of energy is desirably relatively fast compared to the time required to recharge the primary energy storage device 26 in order to avoid degrading the overall usage and performance of the lift truck 10. The time to complete a transfer of power from the primary energy storage device 26 to the capacitor assembly 36 of the secondary energy storage device 28 may be measured in seconds or minutes as compared to hours for a typical lift truck battery recharge. It is to be appreciated that the secondary energy storage device 28 may only be partially recharged during a transfer of power, and may also be recharged in a known manner similar to or the same as recharging the primary energy storage device 26, i.e., connection to an electrical outlet for recharging and/or replacement of fuel for a fuel cell.
[0039] When the task or tasks utilizing the platform 16 are completed by the operator, the platform 16 is lowered for normal horizontal movement of the lift truck 10. When the vertical movement of the platform 16 has substantially stopped and the platform is in a lowered recharging position 30 (see Fig. 1), the primary energy storage device 26 is then used to recharge the secondary energy storage device 28. In the lowered recharging position 30, recharging takes place and the supply of energy is partially or completely replenished in the secondary energy storage device 28. Thus, the use of the primary and secondary energy storage devices allows for the reduction or elimination of electric wires extending from the tractor unit 12, through and/or on the vertically extendable mast 13 and extendable mast section 15, and to the platform 16.
[0040] In one embodiment, when energy is being transferred from the primary energy storage device 26 to the secondary energy storage device 28, the amount and intensity of the energy are desirably controlled. The primary energy storage device 26 may have a large amount of energy but not infinite, for example, typically 20 to 50 kwh, as a non-limiting example.
Removing too large a quantity of energy from the primary energy storage device 26 when it is near depletion itself may not be desirable due to the possibility of draining the primary energy storage device 26 to a point where the lift truck is non-operational.
[0041] When the energy is being transferred, it may be transferred at a rate that is not able to be absorbed by the battery(s) 40 of the secondary energy storage device 28. The capacitor assembly 36, e.g., ultracapacitor(s), provide a short-term storage medium, and are used to rapidly absorb and temporarily store the transferred energy. Components such as capacitors have the ability to accept large quantities of power quickly due to their low internal resistance. Another characteristic of a capacitor is that its voltage changes directly with the charge level. The energy contained within the capacitor is a function of its capacitance and the voltage as given by:
, .
[0042] E = C * V2 [0043] Where:
E = The stored energy in Joules (or watt-seconds);
C = The capacitance in Farads; and V = The voltage across the terminals in volts.
[0044] In some embodiments, when in the recharging position 30, assuming there is a difference in electrical potential between the primary and secondary energy storage devices detected by an energy transfer control circuit 58, energy will start being transferred. When the voltage on the capacitor assembly 36 is replenished, the DC-to-DC converter 38 converts the stored capacitor voltage to a more constant voltage, such as 12, 18, or 24VDC, that is more acceptable for charging the battery 40 on the platform 16. As this transfer of energy takes place, the voltage at the capacitor assembly 36 may drop as shown in Fig. 6.
[0045] Still referring to Fig. 6, in one embodiment, the energy content in the top half of the capacitor assembly 36 voltage range contains about 75% of the total energy available for use. As the capacitor assembly 36 is repeatedly charged (when the platform 16 is in the recharging position), and discharged through the DC-to-DC converter 38, its stored energy is made available to charge the battery 40 and for use by the platform 16. The battery 40 may comprise Nickel Metal Hydride or Lithium-Ion for example, to reduce weight of the secondary energy storage device 28. These newer technology batteries should be charged under a more controlled environment to prevent damaging voltages and undesirable temperature rise.
[0046] At a predetermined level, e.g., V/2, the voltage at the capacitor assembly 36 may become too low for the DC-to-DC converter 38 to use, so the converter 38 ceases its operation of charging the battery 40. The systems of the platform 16 will continue to draw power from the battery 40 that has been recently recharged.
[0047] In this configuration, the capacitor assembly 36 is being used in a manner that takes advantage of its quick charge/discharge characteristics. The DC-to-DC converter 38 can efficiently, e.g., >90%, convert the capacitor voltage to charge the battery 40. In this configuration, the battery 40 is periodically being charged from the DC-to-DC converter 38 in a manner best suited for extending the life of the battery 40. The electric and electronic systems of the platform 16 see a relatively smooth bus voltage in which to operate.
[0048] In one embodiment shown in Fig. 7, the capacitor assembly 36 includes a capacitor bank 78 and a controller 80. A charge circuit 76 electrically couples the capacitor bank 78 and the controller 80. Battery plug 88 electrically couples the capacitor assembly 36 to the battery voltage circuit 79 (see Fig. 5), and vehicle power plug 90 electrically couples the capacitor assembly 36 to the DC-to-DC converter 38. A feedback 89, either electrical and/or mechanical, provides a signal to the controller 80 that the battery plug 88 is connected or is disconnected.
[0049] As can be seen in the embodiment shown in Fig. 7, the charge circuit 76 may include a main connect contact 82, a precharge contact 84, and a fast rate contact 86, and each may be under the control of the controller 80. In operation, the charge circuit 76 is configured to regulate the charge from the primary energy storage device 26 and to switch the capacitor bank 78 into and out of the battery voltage circuit 79 (see Fig. 5). In some situations, the capacitor bank 78 may be very low on charge or may be completely discharged. Because of the very low impedance of the capacitor bank, it is illustratively not connected directly to a battery that could source a large amount of amps. Contacts 82, 84, and 86, along with resistors 98 and 99 provide the charge circuit 76 for use when the capacitor bank is at varying states of charge.
[0050] In some embodiments, when the capacitor bank 78 is at a first charge state, such as at or near a discharged state, precharge contact would energize instead of main connect contact 82. The current path to charge the capacitor bank 78 would be through the precharge contact 84, and resistors 98 and 99. This circuit configuration limits the peak currents to a value that would be tolerable for the components used, e.g., <50 amps, or more or less, for example. When the voltage level in the capacitor bank reaches a second charge state, e.g., 80% of the primary energy storage 26 voltage, or more or less, fast rate contact 86 would energize and the charge path would now be just through the fast rate contact 86 and resistor 99. This circuit configuration would decrease the charge current resistance and allow the charge process to finish at a faster rate.
[0051] Once the capacitor bank voltage reaches a third charge state, e.g., 1% of the primary energy storage 26 voltage, or more or less, main connect contact 82 would energize and bypass contacts 84, 86, and resistors 98 and 99. With only a small differential voltage between the capacitor bank and the primary energy storage 26, the current surge would be minimal. In an alternative embodiment, the charging circuit elements described above may be replaced with and/or may use semiconductor devices, such as an IGBT or MOSFET circuit, to switch charging current paths.
[0052] An optional status indicator 94 may be included to provide a visual indication of the status and/or operation of the control circuit 76. An optional current sensor 96 may also be included, with the sensed current value supplied to the controller 80. In some embodiments, the controller 80 may be electrically coupled to a vehicle manager 97 for coordination with other lift truck systems.
[0053] In use, and referring to Fig. 5, with the platform 16 lowered to the recharging position 30, an energy transfer coupling unit 32 is configured to allow power to be transferred between the primary and secondary energy storage devices. The energy transfer coupling unit 32 comprising a primary side coupling 34A mounted on the tractor 12 and a secondary side coupling 34B mounted on the platform 16 (or in or on the extendable mast section 15).
In one embodiment, before power can flow, a primary side sensor 52 on the tractor unit 12 is desirably aligned (i.e., in a predetermined position) with respect to a corresponding secondary side target 54 on the platform 16. Unless the sensor 52 and the target 54 are aligned, no current will flow. When the sensor 52 and the target 54 are aligned, a transfer coupling sense circuit 56 is configured to indicate an aligned condition to the energy transfer control circuit 58. The energy transfer control circuit 58 is configured to allow the stored energy available from the primary energy storage device 26 to pass to the secondary energy storage device 28 if the transfer coupling sense circuit 56 indicates that the sensor 52 and target 54 are aligned and that there is a voltage potential difference between the primary and secondary energy storage devices. In addition, the components involved in the energy transfer may have limits to their current carrying capability so the intensity of the transfer may be controlled by the energy transfer control circuit 58. In one embodiment, a pulse width modulation (PWM) switching circuit 64 may be used to keep the current levels within an acceptable range.
[0054] In order to allow the power available from the primary energy storage device 26 to pass to the secondary energy storage device 28, in one embodiment, the primary side coupling 34A includes primary electrical contacts 60, and the secondary side coupling 34B includes secondary electrical contacts 62 (see Fig. 8). The primary and secondary electrical contacts 60, 62 will physically touch each other when the platform 16 is lowered to the recharging position 30, (i.e., when the sensor 52 and the target 54 align), to transfer the power from the primary energy storage device 26 to the secondary energy storage device 28. The primary contacts 60 are fixedly or movably positioned on the tractor unit 12, and the secondary contacts 62 are fixedly or movably positioned on the platform 16 or extendable mast section 15. When the contacts 60, 62 are in the correct position, and the energy transfer control circuit 58 detects a difference in voltage between the primary and secondary energy storage devices 26, 28, the power transfer may begin.
[0055] In an alternative embodiment shown in Fig. 9, the primary side coupling 34A includes a primary transformer winding 60, and the secondary side coupling includes a secondary transformer winding 62'. The primary transformer winding 60 and secondary transformer winding 62' are in inductive communication when the platform 16 is lowered to the recharging position 30, and will allow for inductive power transfer. In this alternative embodiment, the primary transformer winding 60' replaces the primary contacts 60, and the secondary transformer winding 62' replaces the secondary contacts 62. The primary energy storage device voltage may be inverted to a higher AC voltage that is then transformer coupled across a non-contact coupling. This configuration may be advantageous because of the non-contact energy transfer. It may be more maintenance-free and provide no exposed contact surfaces.
[0056] Illustratively, the transformer windings 60 and 62' are configured to fit inside one-another with only a thin layer of plastic insulator to separate them (see Fig. 9). However, fitting one winding inside another is not required to practice the invention according to its embodiments. By using a high frequency signal, e.g., 40-50KHz, as a non-limiting example, created in the energy transfer control circuit 58, the size of the transformer components may be relatively small.
[0057] Similar to the primary and secondary contacts 60, 62, the primary transformer winding 60' inductively couple to the secondary transformer winding 62' when the platform 16 is lowered to the charging position 30. When the windings 60', 62' are in the correct position, and the energy transfer control circuit 58 detects a difference in voltage between the primary and secondary energy storage devices 26, 28, the power transfer may begin.
[0058] With the elimination of wires extending from the tractor unit 12 to the platform 16, wireless signals 42, such as control signals and/or operational signals, may be transmitted wirelessly between the platform 16 and the tractor unit 12. As seen in Figs. 1 and 2, the tractor unit 10 may include a first wireless communications device 44 and the platform may include a second wireless communications device 46. The power for the communications device 44 on the tractor 12 comes from the primary energy storage device 26, and the power for the communications device 46 on the platform 16 comes from the secondary energy storage device 28. The wireless signals 42 may be transmitted wirelessly between the tractor unit 12 and the platform 16 using a variety of known signals and frequencies, including WiFi, 900MHz, ZigBee, etc., as non limiting examples.
[0059] The wireless communication system may be configured to perform several functions; for example, a constant signal may be sent and acknowledged (similar to a watchdog timer) that lets the truck's main controller 48 know that the platform 16 is in constant communication. Should that signal fail to be received, a vehicle shutdown may be initiated as a failsafe methodology. Commands generated by the operator on the platform 16 or signals created from sensors 50 on the platform, for example, may be relayed to the truck's main controller 48. Feedback information useful to the operator, such as remaining battery or fuel capacity, fault codes, and general vehicle status may be sent to the tractor unit communications device 44 and the platform communication device 46 for display at the operator station.
[0060] In an alternative embodiment, the secondary energy storage device 28 located on the platform 16 can also be replenished by regenerative lowering if the vehicle is equipped with a suitable generator. Regenerative lowering uses the potential energy of an elevated platform 16 and converts that to electric power when the platform is lowered. Channeling the generated energy directly to the secondary energy storage device 28 located on the platform 16 may further improve efficiency as it eliminates the losses of charging the primary energy storage device 26 first before transferring the generated power to the platform 16, as previously described.
[0061] An additional use for the secondary energy storage device 28 on the platform 16 may be as a backup power supply when the primary energy storage device 26 has been exhausted or otherwise not available. By having a reserve of energy on the platform 16, the flow of energy can be reversed back to the primary energy storage device 26 to keep vital systems energized, and may provide a sufficient amount of motive power to maneuver the lift truck 10 to a maintenance area for recharging. The additional power source on the platform 16 may increase the total amount of stored energy on the lift truck 10. This supplemental energy may, in effect, extend the operational time of the lift truck before the primary energy supply must be replenished.
[0062] It is to be appreciated that the use of the terms primary and secondary is not intended to be limiting or indicate any order. Descriptions such as first and second, or A and B may also be used and would remain consistent with the present disclosure.
[0063] An illustrative embodiment of the invention has been described in considerable detail. Many modifications and variations to the illustrative embodiment described will be apparent to a person of ordinary skill in the art. Therefore, the invention should not be limited to the embodiment described.
Claims (22)
1. A lift truck comprising:
a tractor unit;
a primary energy storage device disposed on the tractor unit, the primary energy storage device configured to provide operating power to the tractor unit;
a vertically extendable mast mounted relative to the tractor unit, the mast including a fixed base and an extendable mast section;
a vertically movable platform coupled to the extendable mast section, the platform being vertically movable with the extendable mast section between an upper position and a lower position;
a rechargeable secondary energy storage device disposed within a space defined by a width of the extendable mast section, the rechargeable secondary energy storage device being rechargeable upon moving the platform toward the lower position;
a primary side sensor circuit and a secondary side target, such that when the primary side sensor circuit and secondary side target are aligned, a transfer coupling sense circuit indicates an aligned condition;
the rechargeable secondary energy storage device including at least one capacitor, the at least one capacitor adapted to accept an energy transfer from the primary energy storage device and temporarily store the energy transfer, the rechargeable secondary energy storage device further including a DC-to-DC voltage converter, the voltage converter adapted to convert a voltage from the at least one capacitor to a recharge voltage to recharge the rechargeable secondary energy storage device; and wherein the at least one capacitor is electrically connected between the primary energy storage device and the DC-to-DC voltage converter when the primary side sensor circuit and the secondary side target are aligned such that the DC-to-DC
voltage converter does not directly connect to the primary energy storage device.
a tractor unit;
a primary energy storage device disposed on the tractor unit, the primary energy storage device configured to provide operating power to the tractor unit;
a vertically extendable mast mounted relative to the tractor unit, the mast including a fixed base and an extendable mast section;
a vertically movable platform coupled to the extendable mast section, the platform being vertically movable with the extendable mast section between an upper position and a lower position;
a rechargeable secondary energy storage device disposed within a space defined by a width of the extendable mast section, the rechargeable secondary energy storage device being rechargeable upon moving the platform toward the lower position;
a primary side sensor circuit and a secondary side target, such that when the primary side sensor circuit and secondary side target are aligned, a transfer coupling sense circuit indicates an aligned condition;
the rechargeable secondary energy storage device including at least one capacitor, the at least one capacitor adapted to accept an energy transfer from the primary energy storage device and temporarily store the energy transfer, the rechargeable secondary energy storage device further including a DC-to-DC voltage converter, the voltage converter adapted to convert a voltage from the at least one capacitor to a recharge voltage to recharge the rechargeable secondary energy storage device; and wherein the at least one capacitor is electrically connected between the primary energy storage device and the DC-to-DC voltage converter when the primary side sensor circuit and the secondary side target are aligned such that the DC-to-DC
voltage converter does not directly connect to the primary energy storage device.
2. The lift truck according to claim 1:
further including an energy transfer coupling, the energy transfer coupling configured to transfer energy from the primary energy storage device to the rechargeable secondary energy storage device to recharge the rechargeable secondary energy storage device.
further including an energy transfer coupling, the energy transfer coupling configured to transfer energy from the primary energy storage device to the rechargeable secondary energy storage device to recharge the rechargeable secondary energy storage device.
3. The lift truck according to claim 2:
wherein the primary energy storage device comprises a rechargeable device.
wherein the primary energy storage device comprises a rechargeable device.
4. The lift truck according to claim 3:
wherein the energy transfer coupling is configured to transfer energy from the secondary energy storage device to the primary energy storage device.
wherein the energy transfer coupling is configured to transfer energy from the secondary energy storage device to the primary energy storage device.
5. The lift truck according to claim 2:
wherein the energy transfer coupling comprises at least one of a physical coupling and an inductive coupling.
wherein the energy transfer coupling comprises at least one of a physical coupling and an inductive coupling.
6. The lift truck according to claim 1:
further including a operator station, the operator station including controls configured for use by the operator to control the tractor unit and the platform.
further including a operator station, the operator station including controls configured for use by the operator to control the tractor unit and the platform.
7. The lift truck according to claim 1:
wherein the tractor unit includes a first wireless communication unit and the platform includes a second wireless communication unit, the first and second wireless communication units configured to provide a wireless communication link between the tractor unit and the platform.
wherein the tractor unit includes a first wireless communication unit and the platform includes a second wireless communication unit, the first and second wireless communication units configured to provide a wireless communication link between the tractor unit and the platform.
8. The lift truck according to claim 7:
further including an operator station, the operator station including controls configured for use by the operator to control the tractor unit and the platform via the first and second wireless communications units.
further including an operator station, the operator station including controls configured for use by the operator to control the tractor unit and the platform via the first and second wireless communications units.
9. The lift truck according to claim 2:
wherein the energy transfer coupling comprises a primary side coupling and a secondary side coupling, with the secondary side coupling being disposed within the space defined by the width of the extendable mast section and the primary side coupling being disposed on the tractor unit.
wherein the energy transfer coupling comprises a primary side coupling and a secondary side coupling, with the secondary side coupling being disposed within the space defined by the width of the extendable mast section and the primary side coupling being disposed on the tractor unit.
10. The lift truck according to claim 1:
wherein the space is defined by the width and a thickness of the extendable mast section.
wherein the space is defined by the width and a thickness of the extendable mast section.
11. The lift truck according to claim 1:
wherein the platform supports at least one of an operator and a load.
wherein the platform supports at least one of an operator and a load.
12. A lift truck comprising:
a tractor unit;
a rechargeable primary energy storage device disposed on the tractor unit, a vertically movable platform movably coupled to the tractor unit, the platform being vertically movable between an upper position and a lower position and including an operator station;
a rechargeable secondary energy storage device disposed within the operator station;
an energy transfer coupling, the energy transfer coupling configured to transfer energy from the rechargeable primary energy storage device on the tractor unit to the rechargeable secondary energy storage device on the platform to recharge the rechargeable secondary energy storage device;
a primary side sensor circuit and a secondary side target, such that when the primary side sensor circuit and secondary side target are aligned, a transfer coupling sense circuit indicates an aligned condition;
the rechargeable secondary energy storage device including at least one capacitor, the at least one capacitor adapted to accept an energy transfer from the primary energy storage device and temporarily store the energy transfer, the rechargeable secondary energy storage device further including a DC-to-DC voltage converter, the voltage DC-to-DC converter adapted to convert a voltage from the at least one capacitor to a recharge voltage to recharge the rechargeable secondary energy storage device; and wherein the at least one capacitor is electrically connected between the primary energy storage device and the DC-to-DC voltage converter when the primary side sensor circuit and the secondary side target are aligned such that the DC-to-DC
voltage converter does not directly connect to the primary energy storage device.
a tractor unit;
a rechargeable primary energy storage device disposed on the tractor unit, a vertically movable platform movably coupled to the tractor unit, the platform being vertically movable between an upper position and a lower position and including an operator station;
a rechargeable secondary energy storage device disposed within the operator station;
an energy transfer coupling, the energy transfer coupling configured to transfer energy from the rechargeable primary energy storage device on the tractor unit to the rechargeable secondary energy storage device on the platform to recharge the rechargeable secondary energy storage device;
a primary side sensor circuit and a secondary side target, such that when the primary side sensor circuit and secondary side target are aligned, a transfer coupling sense circuit indicates an aligned condition;
the rechargeable secondary energy storage device including at least one capacitor, the at least one capacitor adapted to accept an energy transfer from the primary energy storage device and temporarily store the energy transfer, the rechargeable secondary energy storage device further including a DC-to-DC voltage converter, the voltage DC-to-DC converter adapted to convert a voltage from the at least one capacitor to a recharge voltage to recharge the rechargeable secondary energy storage device; and wherein the at least one capacitor is electrically connected between the primary energy storage device and the DC-to-DC voltage converter when the primary side sensor circuit and the secondary side target are aligned such that the DC-to-DC
voltage converter does not directly connect to the primary energy storage device.
13. The lift truck according to claim 12:
further including a transfer coupling sense circuit configured to sense a voltage potential difference between the primary energy storage device and the rechargeable secondary energy storage device.
further including a transfer coupling sense circuit configured to sense a voltage potential difference between the primary energy storage device and the rechargeable secondary energy storage device.
14. The lift truck according to claim 12:
further including a vertically extendable mast mounted relative to the tractor unit, the mast including a fixed base and an extendable mast section; and the platform coupled to the extendable mast section, the platform being vertically movable with the extendable mast section between the upper position and the lower position.
further including a vertically extendable mast mounted relative to the tractor unit, the mast including a fixed base and an extendable mast section; and the platform coupled to the extendable mast section, the platform being vertically movable with the extendable mast section between the upper position and the lower position.
15. The lift truck according to claim 12:
wherein the operator station includes controls configured for use by an operator to control the tractor unit and the platform.
wherein the operator station includes controls configured for use by an operator to control the tractor unit and the platform.
16. A method comprising:
providing a lift truck, the lift truck comprising:
a tractor unit;
a primary energy storage device disposed on the tractor unit;
a vertically extendable mast mounted relative to the tractor unit, the mast including a fixed base and an extendable mast section;
a vertically movable platform coupled to the extendable mast section, the platform being vertically movable with the extendable mast section between an upper position and a lower recharge position; and a rechargeable secondary energy storage device including at least one capacitor and a DC-to-DC voltage converter, and disposed within a space defined by a width of the extendable mast section; and operating the lift truck via the steps of:
lowering the vertically extendable mast from the upper position to the lower recharge position;
sensing, via a transfer coupling sense circuit, an aligned condition corresponding to a primary side sensor circuit being aligned with a secondary side target;
electrically connecting, upon sensing the aligned condition, the primary energy storage device and the DC-to-DC voltage converter via the at least one capacitor, such that the DC-to-DC voltage converter does not directly connect to the primary energy storage device;
transferring energy from the primary energy storage device to the at least one capacitor;
temporarily storing the energy via the at least one capacitor;
converting a voltage from the at least one capacitor to a recharge voltage, using the DC-to-DC voltage converter; and recharging the rechargeable secondary energy storage device when the platform is in the lower recharge position.
providing a lift truck, the lift truck comprising:
a tractor unit;
a primary energy storage device disposed on the tractor unit;
a vertically extendable mast mounted relative to the tractor unit, the mast including a fixed base and an extendable mast section;
a vertically movable platform coupled to the extendable mast section, the platform being vertically movable with the extendable mast section between an upper position and a lower recharge position; and a rechargeable secondary energy storage device including at least one capacitor and a DC-to-DC voltage converter, and disposed within a space defined by a width of the extendable mast section; and operating the lift truck via the steps of:
lowering the vertically extendable mast from the upper position to the lower recharge position;
sensing, via a transfer coupling sense circuit, an aligned condition corresponding to a primary side sensor circuit being aligned with a secondary side target;
electrically connecting, upon sensing the aligned condition, the primary energy storage device and the DC-to-DC voltage converter via the at least one capacitor, such that the DC-to-DC voltage converter does not directly connect to the primary energy storage device;
transferring energy from the primary energy storage device to the at least one capacitor;
temporarily storing the energy via the at least one capacitor;
converting a voltage from the at least one capacitor to a recharge voltage, using the DC-to-DC voltage converter; and recharging the rechargeable secondary energy storage device when the platform is in the lower recharge position.
17. The method according to claim 16:
further including sensing for a voltage potential difference between the primary energy storage device and the rechargeable secondary energy storage device, and recharging only when the voltage potential difference is sensed.
further including sensing for a voltage potential difference between the primary energy storage device and the rechargeable secondary energy storage device, and recharging only when the voltage potential difference is sensed.
18. The method according to claim 16:
wherein transferring energy from the primary energy storage device to the at least one capacitor occurs automatically when the platform in the lower recharge position.
wherein transferring energy from the primary energy storage device to the at least one capacitor occurs automatically when the platform in the lower recharge position.
19. The method according to claim 16:
further including using the potential energy generated from lowering the platform for recharging the rechargeable secondary energy storage device.
further including using the potential energy generated from lowering the platform for recharging the rechargeable secondary energy storage device.
20. The method according to claim 16:
further including using wireless communications to operate the lift truck.
further including using wireless communications to operate the lift truck.
21. The method according to claim 16:
further including operating the tractor unit and the platform using energy supplied by the rechargeable secondary energy storage device when the primary energy storage device is non-operational.
further including operating the tractor unit and the platform using energy supplied by the rechargeable secondary energy storage device when the primary energy storage device is non-operational.
22. The method according to claim 16:
wherein the rechargeable secondary energy storage device further comprises at least one battery.
wherein the rechargeable secondary energy storage device further comprises at least one battery.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/160,618 | 2011-06-15 | ||
| US13/160,618 US8869944B2 (en) | 2010-03-01 | 2011-06-15 | Energy storage on an elevated platform and transfer method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2779922A1 CA2779922A1 (en) | 2012-12-15 |
| CA2779922C true CA2779922C (en) | 2020-01-28 |
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| CA2779922A Active CA2779922C (en) | 2011-06-15 | 2012-06-15 | Energy storage on an elevated platform and transfer method |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN102832687B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2012203426B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2779922C (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106899071B (en) * | 2017-04-06 | 2023-06-20 | 福建工程学院 | Intelligent charging and discharging method for energy-saving forklift |
| NO20190219A1 (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2020-08-19 | Autostore Tech As | System and a method for harvesting energy from a container handling vehicle. |
| NO347473B1 (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2023-11-13 | Autostore Tech As | Li-Fi for data communication in Autostore |
| CN112952935B (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2022-11-15 | 三一汽车起重机械有限公司 | Charging connecting piece, charging device and method and crane |
| CN114047716B (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2023-12-19 | 厦门安科科技有限公司 | Energy control method and control device for conveying assembly positioned on jacking platform |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5462136A (en) * | 1994-03-03 | 1995-10-31 | The Raymond Corporation | Prevention of slack lift chains on a man-up lift truck |
| JP2003054898A (en) * | 2001-08-13 | 2003-02-26 | Toyota Industries Corp | Power source and data transmission equipment for forklift truck |
| CA2611424C (en) * | 2007-11-21 | 2017-02-28 | Andrew Marks De Chabris | A method and system for distributing energy |
| CN101629538A (en) * | 2009-07-04 | 2010-01-20 | 太原理工大学 | Running water energy collecting device and running water energy collecting method |
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2012
- 2012-06-13 AU AU2012203426A patent/AU2012203426B2/en active Active
- 2012-06-15 CN CN201210280865.9A patent/CN102832687B/en active Active
- 2012-06-15 CA CA2779922A patent/CA2779922C/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2012203426A1 (en) | 2013-01-10 |
| AU2012203426B2 (en) | 2014-08-28 |
| CN102832687B (en) | 2017-06-06 |
| CA2779922A1 (en) | 2012-12-15 |
| CN102832687A (en) | 2012-12-19 |
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