CA2724255C - Co2 refrigeration system for ice-playing surfaces - Google Patents
Co2 refrigeration system for ice-playing surfaces Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2724255C CA2724255C CA2724255A CA2724255A CA2724255C CA 2724255 C CA2724255 C CA 2724255C CA 2724255 A CA2724255 A CA 2724255A CA 2724255 A CA2724255 A CA 2724255A CA 2724255 C CA2724255 C CA 2724255C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- refrigerant
- loop
- refrigeration system
- heat
- evaporation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract 35
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract 59
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract 29
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract 29
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract 22
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract 22
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract 17
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract 15
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 3
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
- F25C3/00—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Producing artificial snow
- F25C3/02—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Producing artificial snow for ice rinks
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
- F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
- F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
- F25B2309/061—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide with cycle highest pressure above the supercritical pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
- F25B29/003—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously of the compression type system
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
- F25B30/06—Heat pumps characterised by the source of low potential heat
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
Abstract
A CO2 refrigeration system comprises a condensation reservoir. CO2 refrigerant is accumulated in the reservoir. The CO2 refrigerant circulates between supracompression and evaporation loops. The supracompression loop comprises a compression stage for compression CO2 refrigerant to a supracompression state, a cooling stage in which CO2 refrigerant releases heat, and a pressure-regulating unit in a line extending from the cooling stage to the condensation reservoir. The pressure-regulating unit maintains a pressure differential between the cooling stage and the condensation reservoir. The evaporation loop comprises an evaporation stage in which CO2 refrigerant from the condensation reservoir absorbs heat in a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is connected to an ice-playing surface refrigeration circuit. A second refrigerant cycles in the ice-playing surface refrigeration circuit. The CO2 refrigerant absorbs heat from the second refrigerant in the heat exchanger. A CO2 condensation exchanger is also provided.
Claims (26)
1. A CO2 refrigeration system comprising a CO2 condensation reservoir in which CO2 refrigerant is accumulated and circulates between a supracompression loop and an evaporation loop;
the supracompression loop comprising a compression stage in which CO2 refrigerant from at least the CO2 condensation reservoir is compressed to at least a supra-compression state, a cooling stage in which the CO2 refrigerant from the compression stage releases heat, and a pressure-regulating unit in a line extending from the cooling stage to the CO2 condensation reservoir to maintain a pressure differential therebetween; and the evaporation loop comprising an evaporation stage in which the CO2 refrigerant from at least the CO2 condensation reservoir absorbs heat in a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger being connected to an ice-playing surface refrigeration circuit in which cycles a second refrigerant, such that the CO2 refrigerant absorbs heat from the second refrigerant in the heat exchanger.
the supracompression loop comprising a compression stage in which CO2 refrigerant from at least the CO2 condensation reservoir is compressed to at least a supra-compression state, a cooling stage in which the CO2 refrigerant from the compression stage releases heat, and a pressure-regulating unit in a line extending from the cooling stage to the CO2 condensation reservoir to maintain a pressure differential therebetween; and the evaporation loop comprising an evaporation stage in which the CO2 refrigerant from at least the CO2 condensation reservoir absorbs heat in a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger being connected to an ice-playing surface refrigeration circuit in which cycles a second refrigerant, such that the CO2 refrigerant absorbs heat from the second refrigerant in the heat exchanger.
2. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 1, wherein the cooling stage comprises at least one of a gas-cooling unit, a heat-reclaim exchanger, and a heating unit.
3. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 2, comprising a plurality of the heating unit, with valves provided in relation to the plurality of heating unit to individually control an amount of CO2 refrigerant directed to each said heating unit.
4. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 3, wherein a fan of each said heating unit is controlled by a controller as a function of a temperature demand and of said amount of amount of CO2 refrigerant.
5. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 1, further comprising a relief system to relieve excess CO2 refrigerant pressure in the CO2 refrigeration system, the relief system comprising at least a pair of valves in parallel and opening to an exhaust, with a first of the valves being automatically operable from a first set point pressure to gradually release pressure, and a second one of the valves having a second set point pressure higher than the first set point pressure.
6. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 1, further comprising at least one pump in the evaporation loop to induce a flow of the CO2 refrigerant therein.
7. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 1, further comprising a geothermal well loop in heat exchange relation with the evaporation loop, the geothermal well loop having a geothermal heat exchanger for heat exchange between the CO2 refrigerant of the evaporation loop and another refrigerant absorbing heat from the CO2 refrigerant of the evaporation loop, the geothermal well loop extending to a geothermal well in which the other refrigerant releases heat geothermally.
8. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 1, further comprising a line extending from the evaporation stage to at least one of the CO2 condensation reservoir and the compression stage of the supracompression loop, to direct the CO2 refrigerant exiting the evaporation stage thereat.
9. The CO2 refrigeration system according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the CO2 refrigerant in the supra-compression loop is compressed to a transcritical state.
10. A CO2 refrigeration system comprising a CO2 condensation exchanger for heat exchange between a supra-compression loop of CO2 refrigerant and an evaporation loop of CO2 refrigerant;
the supracompression loop comprising a compression stage in which CO2 refrigerant having absorbed heat in the condensation exchanger is compressed to at least a supra-compression state, a cooling stage in which the CO2 refrigerant from the compression stage releases heat, and a pressure-regulating unit in a line extending from the cooling stage to the condensation exchanger to maintain a pressure differential therebetween; and the evaporation loop in which circulates CO2 refrigerant having released heat in the condensation exchanger, the evaporation loop comprising a condensation reservoir in which CO2 refrigerant is accumulated in a liquid state, and an evaporation stage in which the CO2 refrigerant from the condensation reservoir absorbs heat to cool an ice-playing surface, to then return to one of the condensation reservoir and the condensation exchanger.
the supracompression loop comprising a compression stage in which CO2 refrigerant having absorbed heat in the condensation exchanger is compressed to at least a supra-compression state, a cooling stage in which the CO2 refrigerant from the compression stage releases heat, and a pressure-regulating unit in a line extending from the cooling stage to the condensation exchanger to maintain a pressure differential therebetween; and the evaporation loop in which circulates CO2 refrigerant having released heat in the condensation exchanger, the evaporation loop comprising a condensation reservoir in which CO2 refrigerant is accumulated in a liquid state, and an evaporation stage in which the CO2 refrigerant from the condensation reservoir absorbs heat to cool an ice-playing surface, to then return to one of the condensation reservoir and the condensation exchanger.
11. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 10, wherein the evaporation stage of the evaporation loop comprises a heat exchanger being connected to an ice-playing surface refrigeration circuit in which cycles a second refrigerant, such that the CO2 refrigerant absorbs heat from the second refrigerant in the heat exchanger.
12. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 10, wherein the evaporation stage of the evaporation loop comprises pipes under the ice-playing surface in which circulates the CO2 refrigerant to refrigerate the ice-playing surface.
13. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 12, further comprising at least one pump in the evaporation loop to induce a flow of the CO2 refrigerant in a liquid state in the pipes under the ice-playing surface.
14. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 10, wherein the cooling stage comprises at least one of a gas-cooling unit, a heat-reclaim exchanger, and a heating unit.
15. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 14, comprising a plurality of the heating unit, with valves provided in relation to the plurality of heating unit to individually control an amount of CO2 refrigerant directed to each said heating unit.
16. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 15, wherein a fan of each said heating unit is controlled by a controller as a function of a temperature demand and of said amount of CO2 refrigerant.
17. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 10, further comprising a relief system to relieve excess CO2 refrigerant pressure in the CO2 refrigeration system, the relief system comprising at least a pair of valves in parallel and opening to an exhaust, with a first of the valves being automatically operable from a first set point pressure to gradually release pressure, and a second one of the valves having a second set point pressure higher than the first set point pressure.
18. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 10, further comprising a geothermal well loop in heat-exchange relation with the evaporation loop, the geothermal well loop having a geothermal heat exchanger for heat exchange between the CO2 refrigerant of the evaporation loop and another refrigerant absorbing heat from the CO2 refrigerant of the evaporation loop, the geothermal well loop extending to a geothermal well in which the other refrigerant releases heat geothermally.
19. The CO2 refrigeration system according to any one of claims 10-18, wherein the CO2 refrigerant in the supra-compression loop is compressed to a transcritical state.
20. A CO2 refrigeration system comprising a CO2 condensation reservoir in which CO2 refrigerant is accumulated and circulates between a supracompression loop and an evaporation loop;
the supracompression loop comprising a compression stage in which CO2 refrigerant from at least the CO2 condensation reservoir is compressed to at least a supra-compression state, a cooling stage in which the CO2 refrigerant from the compression stage releases heat, and a pressure-regulating unit in a line extending from the cooling stage to the CO2 condensation reservoir to maintain a pressure differential therebetween;
the evaporation loop comprising an evaporation stage of pipes under an ice-playing surface in which circulates the CO2 refrigerant to absorb heat to cool an ice-playing surface, to then return to the CO2 condensation reservoir; and a geothermal well loop in heat-exchange relation with the CO2 refrigerant, the geothermal well loop having a geothermal heat exchanger for heat exchange between the CO2 refrigerant of one of the evaporation loop and the supra-compression loop and another refrigerant absorbing heat from the CO2 refrigerant, the geothermal well loop extending to a geothermal well in which the other refrigerant releases heat geothermally.
the supracompression loop comprising a compression stage in which CO2 refrigerant from at least the CO2 condensation reservoir is compressed to at least a supra-compression state, a cooling stage in which the CO2 refrigerant from the compression stage releases heat, and a pressure-regulating unit in a line extending from the cooling stage to the CO2 condensation reservoir to maintain a pressure differential therebetween;
the evaporation loop comprising an evaporation stage of pipes under an ice-playing surface in which circulates the CO2 refrigerant to absorb heat to cool an ice-playing surface, to then return to the CO2 condensation reservoir; and a geothermal well loop in heat-exchange relation with the CO2 refrigerant, the geothermal well loop having a geothermal heat exchanger for heat exchange between the CO2 refrigerant of one of the evaporation loop and the supra-compression loop and another refrigerant absorbing heat from the CO2 refrigerant, the geothermal well loop extending to a geothermal well in which the other refrigerant releases heat geothermally.
21. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 20, further comprising at least one pump in the evaporation loop to induce a flow of the CO2 refrigerant in a liquid state in the pipes under the ice-playing surface.
22. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 20, wherein the cooling stage comprises at least one of a gas-cooling unit, a heat-reclaim exchanger, and a heating unit.
23. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 22, comprising a plurality of the heating unit, with valves provided in relation to the plurality of heating unit to individually control an amount of CO2 refrigerant directed to each said heating unit.
24. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 23, wherein a fan of each said heating unit is controlled by a controller as a function of a temperature demand and of said amount of CO2 refrigerant.
25. The CO2 refrigeration system according to claim 20, further comprising a relief system to relieve excess CO2 refrigerant pressure in the CO2 refrigeration system, the relief system comprising at least a pair of valves in parallel and opening to an exhaust, with a first of the valves being automatically operable from a first set point pressure to gradually release pressure, and a second one of the valves having a second set point pressure higher than the first set point pressure.
26. The CO2 refrigeration system according to any one of claims 20-25, wherein the CO2 refrigerant in the supra-compression loop is compressed to a transcritical state.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/247,562 US20120073319A1 (en) | 2010-09-28 | 2011-09-28 | Co2 refrigeration system for ice-playing surfaces |
| US15/091,082 US20160245575A1 (en) | 2010-09-28 | 2016-04-05 | Co2 refrigeration system for ice-playing surfaces |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US38708710P | 2010-09-28 | 2010-09-28 | |
| US61/387,087 | 2010-09-28 | ||
| US41598210P | 2010-11-22 | 2010-11-22 | |
| US61/415,982 | 2010-11-22 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2724255A1 CA2724255A1 (en) | 2011-03-03 |
| CA2724255C true CA2724255C (en) | 2011-09-13 |
Family
ID=43646041
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2724255A Active CA2724255C (en) | 2010-09-28 | 2010-12-17 | Co2 refrigeration system for ice-playing surfaces |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US20120073319A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2724255C (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8966934B2 (en) | 2011-06-16 | 2015-03-03 | Hill Phoenix, Inc. | Refrigeration system |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2906881A4 (en) * | 2012-05-11 | 2016-04-13 | Hill Phoenix Inc | Co2 refrigeration system with integrated air conditioning module |
| CA2815783C (en) | 2013-04-05 | 2014-11-18 | Marc-Andre Lesmerises | Co2 cooling system and method for operating same |
| NZ714420A (en) | 2013-05-03 | 2018-11-30 | Hill Phoenix Inc | Systems and methods for pressure control in a co2 refrigeration system |
| US9822993B2 (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2017-11-21 | Systemes Lmp Inc. | Transcritical R744 refrigeration system for skating rinks with total condensation and without flash-gas bypass |
| US11656005B2 (en) | 2015-04-29 | 2023-05-23 | Gestion Marc-André Lesmerises Inc. | CO2 cooling system and method for operating same |
| EP3341662B1 (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2024-06-05 | Hill Phoenix Inc. | Co2 refrigeration system with direct co2 heat exchange |
| US11125483B2 (en) | 2016-06-21 | 2021-09-21 | Hill Phoenix, Inc. | Refrigeration system with condenser temperature differential setpoint control |
| US11796227B2 (en) | 2018-05-24 | 2023-10-24 | Hill Phoenix, Inc. | Refrigeration system with oil control system |
| US11397032B2 (en) | 2018-06-05 | 2022-07-26 | Hill Phoenix, Inc. | CO2 refrigeration system with magnetic refrigeration system cooling |
| US10663201B2 (en) | 2018-10-23 | 2020-05-26 | Hill Phoenix, Inc. | CO2 refrigeration system with supercritical subcooling control |
| CN110285596A (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2019-09-27 | 山东神舟制冷设备有限公司 | A kind of pure CO2Refrigerating system of ice rink |
| CN115060027B (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2023-09-01 | 天津大学 | Ice rink refrigeration method, device, system and storage medium |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3721388C1 (en) * | 1987-06-29 | 1988-12-08 | Sueddeutsche Kuehler Behr | Device for air conditioning the interior of passenger cars |
| US5319945A (en) * | 1992-06-29 | 1994-06-14 | American Standard Inc. | Method and apparatus for non-atmospheric venting of evaporator over-pressure in a refrigeration system |
| US5575159A (en) * | 1995-06-02 | 1996-11-19 | Dittell; Edward W. | Heat energy transfer system |
| US5826433A (en) * | 1997-03-25 | 1998-10-27 | Dube; Serge | Refrigeration system with heat reclaim and efficiency control modulating valve |
| US6796139B2 (en) * | 2003-02-27 | 2004-09-28 | Layne Christensen Company | Method and apparatus for artificial ground freezing |
| EP1782001B1 (en) * | 2004-08-09 | 2016-11-30 | Carrier Corporation | Flashgas removal from a receiver in a refrigeration circuit |
| EP1830663A2 (en) * | 2004-11-17 | 2007-09-12 | Massachussets Institute of Technology | Frozen food production |
| CN100590372C (en) * | 2005-02-18 | 2010-02-17 | 卡里尔公司 | Refrigeration circuit with improved liquid/steam receiver |
| CA2820930C (en) * | 2008-10-23 | 2016-04-26 | Serge Dube | Co2 refrigeration system |
-
2010
- 2010-12-17 CA CA2724255A patent/CA2724255C/en active Active
-
2011
- 2011-09-28 US US13/247,562 patent/US20120073319A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2016
- 2016-04-05 US US15/091,082 patent/US20160245575A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8966934B2 (en) | 2011-06-16 | 2015-03-03 | Hill Phoenix, Inc. | Refrigeration system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20120073319A1 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
| CA2724255A1 (en) | 2011-03-03 |
| US20160245575A1 (en) | 2016-08-25 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request |