CA2697453C - Digital broadcasting system and method of processing data in digital broadcasting system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a data processing method. The data processing method includes receiving a broadcast signal in which main service data and mobile service data are multiplexed, acquiring transmission-parameter-channel signaling information including transmission parameter information of the mobile service data, and fast-information-channel signaling information, acquiring binding information describing a relationship between at least one ensemble transferring the mobile service data and a first virtual channel contained in any of the at least one ensemble by decoding fast-information-channel signaling information, acquiring ensemble identification information transferring the first virtual channel using the binding information, and receiving at least one mobile service data group transferring an ensemble according to the ensemble identification information, parsing service table information contained in the ensemble and decoding content data contained in the first virtual channel using the parsed service table information, and displaying the decoded content data.

Description

Description DIGITAL BROADCASTING SYSTEM AND METHOD OF
PROCESSING DATA IN DIGITAL BROADCASTING SYSTEM
Technical Field [1] The present invention relates to a digital broadcasting system, and more particularly, to a digital broadcasting system and a data processing method.
Background Art [2] The Vestigial Sideband (VSB) transmission mode, which is adopted as the standard for digital broadcasting in North America and the Republic of Korea, is a system using a single carrier method. Therefore, the receiving performance of the digital broadcast receiving system may be deteriorated in a poor channel environment.
Particularly, since resistance to changes in channels and noise is more highly required when using portable and/or mobile broadcast receivers, the receiving performance may be even more deteriorated when transmitting mobile service data by the VSB
transmission mode.
Disclosure of Invention An object of some embodiments of the present invention is to provide a digital broadcasting system and a data processing method that are highly resistant to channel changes and noise. An object of some embodiments of the present invention is to provide a digital broadcasting system and a method of processing data in a digital broadcasting system that can enhance the receiving performance of a receiving system (or receiver) by having a transmitting system (or transmitter) perform additional encoding on mobile service data. Another object of some embodiments of the present invention is to provide a digital broadcasting system and a method of processing data in the digital broadcasting system that can also enhance the receiving performance of a digital broadcast receiving system by inserting known data already known in accordance with a pre-agreement between the receiving system and the transmitting system in a predetermined region within a data region.
[41 Another object of some embodiments of the present invention is to provide a digital broadcasting system and a data processing method which can quickly access services of mobile service data when the mobile service data is multiplexed with main service data and the multiplexed resultant data is transmitted.

la According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of processing data for a receiver, the method comprising: receiving and demodulating a broadcast signal comprising a fast information channel (F1C) including cross layer information for mobile service acquisition, a transport parameter channel (TPC) including FIC version information for identifying an update of the FIC, and mobile service data belonging to a desired ensemble, wherein the mobile service data is data encoded through a Reed-Solomon (RS) frame; acquiring a first ensemble identifier identifying the desired ensemble from the FIC; obtaining a service map table (SMT) from the desired ensemble, the SMT comprising a header and a payload, the header including a second ensemble identifier corresponding to the first ensemble identifier, the payload including service acquisition information of the desired ensemble; acquiring IP access information of a mobile service from the SMT and acquiring IP datagram of the mobile service data from the ensemble according to the acquired IP access information; and decoding at least one of audio and video streams included in the acquired IP datagram of the mobile service data.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a receiver comprising: a receiving unit for receiving and demodulating a broadcast signal comprising a fast information channel (FIC) including cross layer information for mobile service acquisition, a transport parameter channel (TPC) including FIC version information for identifying an update of the FIC, and mobile service data belonging to a desired ensemble, wherein the mobile service data is data encoded through a Reed- Solomon (RS) frame; a first handler for acquiring a first ensemble identifier identifying the desired ensemble from the FIC; a second handler for obtaining a service map table (SMT) from the desired ensemble, the SMT
comprising a header and a payload, the header including a second ensemble identifier corresponding to the first ensemble identifier, the payload including service acquisition information of the desired ensemble; a third handler for acquiring IP access information of a mobile service from the SMT and acquiring IP
datagram of lb the mobile service data from the ensemble according to the acquired IP access information; and a decoder for decoding at least one of audio and video streams included in the acquired IP datagram of the mobile service data.
[5] In some embodiments, a data processing method includes receiving a broadcast signal in which main service data and mobile service data are multiplexed, acquiring transmission-parameter-channel signaling information including transmission parameter information of the mobile service data, and fast-in-formation-channel signaling information, acquiring binding information describing a relationship between at least one ensemble transferring the mobile service data and a first virtual channel contained in any of the at least one ensemble by decoding fast-information-channel signaling information, acquiring ensemble identification in-formation transferring the first virtual channel using the binding information, and receiving at least one mobile service data group transferring an ensemble according to the ensemble identification information, parsing service table information contained in the ensemble and decoding content data contained in the first virtual channel using the parsed service table information, and displaying the decoded content data.
[6] In some embodiments, the processing method includes performing a first error correction encoding process on fast-information-channel signaling information including binding information, in which the binding information describes a relationship between a first virtual channel in any of at least one ensemble transferring mobile service data and the ensemble transferring the first virtual channel, performing a second error correction encoding process on mobile service data to be transferred to the ensemble and service table information describing channel information of the ensemble and multiplexing the encoded fast-information-channel signaling information and the mobile service data, multiplexing the multiplexed mobile service data and main service data, and modulating the resultant multiplexed data.
[7] A digital broadcasting system is also provided. The digital broadcasting system includes a baseband processor configured to acquire transmission-parameter-channel signaling information including transmission parameter information of mobile service data and fast-information-channel signaling information from a broadcast signal, and receive a mobile service data group which transmits an ensemble according to fast-information-channel signaling information including binding in-formation describing a relationship between a first virtual channel of the mobile service data and the ensemble transferring the first virtual channel, a management processor configured to acquire the binding information by decoding the fast-information-channel signaling information, and parsing service table information of the ensemble received according to the binding information and a presentation processor configured to decode mobile service data of the first virtual channel according to the = service table information, and displaying content data contained in the decoded mobile service data.
[8] The fast-information-channel signaling information may be divided into a plurality of segments according to the mobile service data group.
[91 The fast-information-channel signaling information may include channel type in-formation indicating a type of a service transferred to the virtual channel.

[10] The fast-information-channel signaling information may include a major-channel number and a minor-channel number of the virtual channel, which is contained in each ensemble according to the ensemble identification information.
[11] The fast-information-channel signaling information includes transport stream iden-tification information of a broadcast signal.
[12] The transmission-parameter-channel signaling information may include version in-formation of the fast-information-channel signaling information.
[13] The baseband processor may receive a time-discontinuous mobile service data group, and receive the ensemble including the first virtual channel by using the fast-information-channel signaling information.
[14] The digital broadcast system and the data processing method according to some embodiments have strong resistance to any errors encountered when mobile service data is transmitted over the channel, and can be easily compatible with the conventional receiver.
[15] The digital broadcast system according to some embodiments can normally receive mobile service data without any errors over a poor channel which has lots of ghosts and noises. The digital broadcast system according to some embodiments inserts known data at a specific location of a data zone, and performs signal transmission, thereby increasing the Rx performance under a high-variation channel environment.
[16] According to some embodiments, a service provided by the mobile service data can be accessed quickly, when the mobile service data mulitplexed with the main service data are transmitted.
Brief Description of the Drawings [17] FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram showing a general structure of a digital broadcasting receiving system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[18] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary structure of a data group according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[19] FIG. 3 illustrates an RS frame according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[20] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of an MH frame structure for transmitting and receiving mobile service data according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[21] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a general VSB frame structure;
[22] FIG. 6 illustrates a example of mapping positions of the first 4 slots of a sub-frame in a spatial area with respect to a VSB frame;
[23] FIG. 7 illustrates a example of mapping positions of the first 4 slots of a sub-frame in a chronological (or time) area with respect to a VSB frame;
[24] FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary order of data groups being assigned to one of 5 sub-.

frames configuring an MH frame according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[25] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a single parade being assigned to an MH frame according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[26] FIG. 10 illustrates an -example of 3 parades being assigned to an MI-1 frame according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[27] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of the process of assigning 3 parades shown in FIG.
being expanded to 5 sub-frames within an MH frame;
[28] FIG. 12 illustrates a data transmission structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein signaling data are included in a data group so as to be transmitted;
[29] FIG. 13 illustrates a hierarchical signaling structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[30] FIG. 14 illustrates an exemplary FIC body format according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[31] FIG. 15 illustrates an exemplary bit stream syntax structure with respect to an FIC
segment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[32] FIG. 16 illustrates an exemplary bit stream syntax structure with respect to a payload of an FIC segment according to the present invention, when an FIC type field value is equal to '0' [33] FIG. 17 illustrates an exemplary bit stream syntax structure of a service map table according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[34] FIG. 18 illustrates an exemplary bit stream syntax structure of an MH
audio descriptor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[35] FIG. 19 illustrates an exemplary bit stream spitax structure of an MH
RTP payload type descriptor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[36] FIG. 20 illustrates an exemplary bit stream syntax structure of an MH
current event descriptor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[37] FIG. 21 illustrates an exemplary bit.stream syntax structure of an MH
next event descriptor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[38] FIG. 22 illustrates an exemplary bit stream syntax structure of an MH
system time descriptor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[39] FIG. 23 illustrates segmentation and encapsulation processes of a service map table according to an embodiment of the present invention; and [40] FIG. 24 illustrates a flow chart for accessing a virtual channel using FIC and SMT
according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[41] FIG. 25 is a second-type FIC segment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[42] FIG. 26 is a table illustrating syntax of the second-type FIC segment shown in FIG. 25 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[431 FIG. 27 is a third-type FIC segment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[44] FIG. 28 is a table illustrating a structure of the third-type FIC segment shown in FIG. 28 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[451 FIG. 29 is a channet type contained in FIC data according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[46] FIG. 30 is an MH transport packet (TP) shown in FIG. 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[47] FIG. 31 shows another example of an SMF according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[48] FIG. 32 is a sheam type of a virtual channel according to an embodiment of the present invention; and [49] FIG. 33 is a flow chart illustrating a data processing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[50] Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention Reference will now be made in detail to examples of embodiments of the present invention.
Herein structures and operations of the invention illustrated in figures and described by being referred to the figures are embodiments, and are not limited in the embodiments.
[51]
[52] Definition of the terms used in the embodiments [53] Although the terms used in the present invention are selected from generally known and used terms, some of the terms mentioned in the description of the present invention have been selected by the applicant at his or her discretion, the detailed meanings of which are described in relevant parts of the description herein.
Furthermore, it is required that the present invention is understood, not simply by the actual terms used but by the meaning of each term lying within.
[54] Among the terms used in the description of the present invention, main service data correspond to data that can be received by a fixed receiving system and may include audio/video (A/V)data. More specifically, the main service data may include AJV data of high definition (HD) or standard definition (SD) levels and may also include diverse data types required for data broadcasting. Also, the known data correspond to data pre-known in accordance with a pre-arranged agreement between the receiving system and the transmitting system.
[55] Additionally, among the terms used in the present invention, "MH"corresponds to the initials of "mobile" and "handheld" and represents the opposite concept of a fixed-type "
system. Furthermore, the MH service data may include at least one of mobile service data and handheld service data, and will also be referred to as "mobile service data" for simplicity. Herein, the mobile service data not only correspondto MH service data but may also include any type of service data with mobile or portable characteristics.
=

Therefore, the mobile service data according to the present invention are not limited only to the MH service data.
[56] The above-described mobile service data may correspond to data having information, such as program execution files, stock information, and so on, and may also correspond to A/V data. Most particularly, the mobile service data may correspond to A/V data having lower resolution and lowerdata rate as compared to the main service data. For example, if an A/V codec that is used for a conventional main service corresponds to a MPEG-2 codec, a MPEG-4 advanced video coding (AVC) or scalable video coding (SVC) having better image compression efficiency may be used as the A/
V codec for the mobile service. Furthermore, any type of data may be transmitted as the mobile service data. For example, transport protocol expert group (TPEG) data for broadcasting real-time transportation information may be transmitted as the main service data.
[57] Also, a data service using the mobile service data may include weather forecast services, traffic information services, stock information services, viewer participation quiz programs, real-time polls and surveys,interactive education broadcast programs, gaming services, services providing information on synopsis, character, background music, and filming sites of soap operas or series, services providing information on past match scores and player profiles and achievements, and services providing in-formation on product information and programs classified by service, medium, time, and theme enabling purchase orders to be processed. Herein, the present invention is not limited only to the services mentioned above.
[58] In the present invention, the transmitting system provides backward compatibility in the main service data so as to be received by the conventional receiving system.
Herein, the main service data and the mobile service data are multiplexed to the same physical channel and then transmitted.
[59] Furthermore, the digital broadcast transmitting system according to the present invention performs additional encoding on the mobile service data and inserts the data already known by the receiving system and transmitting system (e.g., known data), thereby transmitting the processed data.
[60] Therefore, when using the transmitting system according to the present invention, the receiving system may receive the mobile service data during a mobile state and may also receive the mobile service data with stability despite various distortion and noise occurring within the channel.
[61]
[62] Receiving System [63] FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram showing a general structure of a digital broadcasting receiving system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The digital broadcast receiving system according to the present invention includes a baseband processor 100, a management processor 200, and a presentation processor 300.
[64] The baseband processor 100 includes an operation controller 110, a tuner 120, a de-modulator 130, an equalizer 140, a known sequence detector (or known data detector) 150, a block decoder (or mobile handheld block decoder) 160, a promary Reed-Solomon (RS) frame decoder 170, a secondary RS frame decoder 180, and a signaling decoder 190. The operation controller 110 controls the operation of each block included in the baseband processor 100.
[65] By tuning the receiving system to a specific physical channel frequency, the tuner 120 enables the receiving system to receive main service data, which correspond to broadcast signals for fixed-type broadcast receiving systems, and mobile service data, which correspond to broadcast signals for mobile broadcast receiving systems.
At this point, the tuned frequency of the specific physical channel is down-converted to an in-termediate frequency (IF) signal, thereby being outputted to the demodulator 130 and the known sequence detector 140. The passband digital IF signal being outputted from the tuner 120 may only include main service data, or only include mobile service data, or include both main service data and mobile service data.
[66] The demodulator 130 performs self-gain control, carrier wave recovery, and timing recovery processes on the passband digital IF signal inputted from the tuner 120, thereby modifying the IF signal to a baseband signal. Then, the demodulator outputs the baseband signal to the equalizer 140 and the known sequence detector 150.
The demodulator 130 uses the known data symbol sequence inputted from the known sequence detector 150 during the timing and/or carrier wave recovery, thereby enhancing the demodulating performance.
[67] The equalizer 140 compensates channel-associated distortion included in the signal demodulated by the demodulator 130. Then, the equalizer 140 outputs the distortion-compensated signal to the blcok decoder 160. By using a known data symbol sequence inputted from the lnown sequence detector 150, the equalizer 140 may enhance the equalizing performance. Furthermore, the equalizer 140 may receive feed-back on the decoding result from the block decoder 160, thereby enhancing the equalizing performance.
[68] The known sequence detector 150 detects known data place (or position) inserted by the transmitting system from the input/output data (i.e., data prior to being de-modulated or data being processed with partial demodulation). Then, the known sequence detector 150 outputs the detected known data position information and known data sequence generated from the detected position information to the de-modulator 130 and the equalizer 140. Additionally, in order to allow the block decoder 160 to identify the mobile service data that have been processed with additional encoding by the transmitting system and the main service data that have not been processed with any additional encoding, the known sequence detector 150 outputs such corresponding information to the block decoder 160.
[69] If the data channel-equalized by the equalizer 140 and inputted to the block decoder 160 correspond to data processed with both block-encoding and trellis-encoding by the transmitting system (i.e., data within the RS frame, signaling data), the block decoder 160 may perform trellis-decoding and block-decoding as inverse processes of the transmitting system. On the other hand, if the data channel-equalized by the equalizer 140 and inputted to the block decoder 160 correspond to data processed only with trellis-encoding and not block-encoding by the transmitting system (i.e., main service data), the block decoder 160 may perform only trellis-decoding.
[70] The signaling decoder 190 decoded signaling data that have been channel-equalized and inputted from the equalizer 140. It is assumed that the signaling data inputted to the signaling decoder 190 correspond to data processed with both block-encoding and trellis-encoding by the transmitting system. Examples of such signaling data may include transmission parameter channel (TPC) data and fast information channel (FIC) data. Each type of data will be described in more detail in a later process.
The FIC data decoded by the signaling decoder 190 are outputted to the FIC handler 215.
And, the TPC data decoded by the signlaing decoder 190 are outputted to the TPC handler 214.
[71] Meanwhile, according to the present invention, the transmitting system uses RS
frames by encoding units. Herein, the RS frame may be divided into a primary RS
frame and a secondary RS frame. However, according to the embodiment of the present invention, the primary RS frame and the secodnary RS frame will be divided based upon the level of importance of the corresponding data.
[72] The primary RS frame decoder 170 receives the data outputted from the block decoder 160. At this point, according to the embodiment of the present invention, the primary RS frame decoder 170 receives only the mobile service data that have been Reed-Solomon (RS)-encoded and/or cyclic reduncancy check (CRC)-encoded from the block decoder 160.
[73] Herein, the primary RS frame decoder 170 receives only the mobile service dataand not the main service data. The primary RS frame decoder 170 performs inverse processes of an RS frame encoder (not shown) included in the digital broadcast transmitting system, thereby correcting errors existing within the primary RS
frame.
More specifically, the primary RS frame decoder 170 forms a primary RS frame by grouping a plurality of data groups and, then, correct errors in primary RS
frame units.
In other words, the primary RS frame decoder 170 decodes primary RS frames, which are being transmitted for actual broadcast services.

[74] Additionally, the secondary RS frame decoder 180 receives the data outputted from the block decoder 160. At this point, according to the embodiment of the present invention, the secondary RS frame decoder 180 receives only the mobile service data that have been RS-encoded and/or CRC-encoded from the block decoder 160.
Herein, the secondary RS frame decoder 180 receives only the mobile service data and not the main service data. The secondary RS frame decoder 180 performs inverse processes of an RS frame encoder (not shown) included in the digital broadcast transmitting system, thereby correcting errors existing within the secondary RS frame. More specifically, the secondary RS frame decoder 180 forms a secondary RS frame by grouping a plurality of data groups and, then, correct errors in secondary RS frame units. In other words, the secondary RS frame decoder 180 decodes secondary RS frames, which are being transmitted for mobile audio service data, mobile video service data, guide data, and so on.
[75] Meanwhile, the management processor 200according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an MH physical adaptation processor 210, an IP
network stack 220, a streaming handler 230, a system information (SI) handler 240, a file handler 250, a multi-purpose internet main extensions (MIME) type handler 260, and an electronic service guide (ESG) handler 270, and an ESG decoder 280, and a storage unit 290.
[76] The MH physical adaptation processor 210 includes a primary RS frame handler 211, a secondary RS frame handler 212, an MH transport packet (TP) handler 213, a TPC
handler 214, an FIC handler 215, and a physical adpatation control signal handler 216.
[77] The TPC handler 214 receives and processes baseband information required by modules corresponding to the MH physical adaptation processor 210. The baseband in-formation is inputted in the form of TPC data. Herein, the TPC handler 214 uses this information to process the FIC data, which have been sent from the baseband processor 100.
[78] The TPC data are transmitted from the transmitting system to the receiving system via a predetermined region of a data group. The TPC data may include at least one of an MH ensemble ID, an MH sub-frame number, a total number of MH groups (TNoG), an RS frame continuity counter, a column size of RS frame (N), and an FIC
version number.
[79] Herein, the MH ensemble ID indicates an identification number of each MH
ensemble carried in the corresponding channel. The MH sub-frame number signifies a number identifying the MH sub-frame number in an MH frame, wherein each MH
group associated with the corresponding MH ensemble is transmitted. The TNoG
represents the total number of MH groups including all of the MH groups belonging to all MH parades included in an MH sub-frame.

[80] The RS frame continuity counter indicates a number that serves as a continuity counter of the RS frames carrying the corresponding MH ensemble. Herein, the value of the RS frame continuity counter shall be incrementedby 1 modulo 16 for each successive RS frame.
[81] N represents the column size of an RS frame belonging to the corresponding MH
ensemble. Herein, the value of N determines the size of each MH TP.
[82] Finally, the FTC version number signifies the version number of an FTC
body carried on the corresponding physical channel.
[83] As described above, diverse TPC data are inputted to the TPC handler 214 via the signaling decoedr 190 shown in FIG. 1. Then, the received TPC data are processed by the TPC handler 214. The received TPC data may also be used by the FTC handler in order to process the FTC data.
[84] The FTC handler 215 processes the FTC data by associating the FTC data received from the baseband processor 100 with the TPC data.
[85] The physical adaptation controlsignal handler 216 collects FTC data received through the FTC handler 215 and ST data received through RS frames. Then, the physical adaptation control signal handler 216 uses the collected FTC data and ST data to configure and process TP datagrams and access information of mobile broadcast services. Thereafter, the physical adaptation control signal handler 216 stores the processed TP datagrams and access information to the storage unit 290.
[86] The primary RS frame handler 211 identifies primary RS frames received from the primary RS frame decoder 170 of the baseband processor 100 for each row unit, so as to configure an MH TP. Thereafter, the primary RS frame handler 211 outputs the configured MH TP to the MH TP handler 213.
[87] The secondary RS frame handler 212 identifies secondary RS frames received from the secondary RS frame decoder 180 of the baseband processor 100 for each row unit, so as to configure an MH TP. Thereafter, the secondary RS frame handler 212 outputs the configured MH TP to the MH TP handler 213.
[88] The MH transport packet (TP) handler 213 extracts a header from each MH TP
received from the primary RS frame handler 211 and the secondary RS frame handler 212, thereby determining the data included in the corresponding MH TP. Then, when the determined data correspond to ST data (i.e., ST data that are not encapsulated to TP
datagrams), the corresponding data are outputted to the physical adaptation control signal handler 216. Alterantively, when the determined data correspond to an TP
datagram, the corresponding data are outputted to the TP network stack 220.
[89] The TP network stack 220 processes broadcast data that are being transmitted in the form of TP datagrams. More specifically, the TP network stack 220 processes data that are inputted via user datagram protocol (UDP), real-time transport protocol (RTP), real-time transport control protocol (RTCP), asynchronous layered coding/layered coding transport (ALC/LCT), file delivery over unidirectional transport (FLUTE), and so on. Herein, when the processed data correspond to streaming data, the cor-responding data are outputted to the streaming handler 230. And, when the processed data correspond to data in a file format, the corresponding data are outputted to the file handler 250. Finally, when the processed data correspond to SI-associated data, the corresponding data are outputted to the SI handler 240.
[90] The SI handler 240 receives and processes SI data having the form of IP datagrams, which are inputted to the IP network stack 220. When the inputted data associated with SI correspond to MIME-type data, the inputted data are outputted to the MIME-type handler 260. The MIME-type handler 260 receives the MIME-type SI data outputted from the SI handler 240 and processes the received MIME-type SI data.
[91] The file handler 250 receives data from the IP network stack 220 in an object format in accordance with the ALC/LCT and FLUTE structures. The file handler 250 groups the received data to create a file format. Herein, when the correspondingfile includes ESG, the file is outputted to the ESG handler 270. On the other hand, when the cor-responding file includes data for other file-based services, the file is outputted to the presentation controller 330 of the presentation processor 300.
[92] The ESG handler 270 processes the ESG data received from the file handler 250 and stores the processed ESG data to the storage unit 290. Alternatively, the ESG
handler 270 may output the processed ESG data to the ESG decoder 280, thereby allowing the ESG data to be used by the ESG decoder 280.
[93] The storage unit 290 stores the system information (SI) received from the physical adaptation control signal handler 210 and the ESG handler 270 therein.
Thereafter, the storage unit 290 transmits the stored SI data to each block.
[94] The ESG decoder 280 either recovers the ESG data and SI data stored in the storage unit 290 or recovers the ESG data transmitted from the ESG handler 270. Then, the ESG decoder 280 outputs the recovered data to the presentation controller 330 in a format that can be outputted to the user.
[95] The streaming handler 230 receives data from the IP network stack 220, wherein the format of the received data are in accordance with RTP and/or RTCP structures.
The streaming handler 230extracts audio/video streams from the received data, which are then outputted to the audio/video (A/V) decoder 310 of the presentation processor 300.
The audio/video decoder 310 then decodes each of the audio stream and video stream received from the streaming handler 230.
[96] The display module 320 of the presentation processor 300 receives audio and video signals respectively decoded by the A/V decoder 310. Then, the display module provides the received audio and video signals to the user through a speaker and/or a screen.
[97] The presentation controller 330 corresponds to a controller managing modules that output data received by the receiving system to the user.
[98] The channel service manager 340 manages an interface with the user, whichenables the user to use channel-based broadcast services, such as channel map management, channel service connection, and so on.
[99] The application manager 350 manages an interface with a user using ESG
display or other application services that do not correspond to channel-based services.
[100] Meanwhile, The streaming handler 230 may include a buffer temporarily storing audio/video data. The digital broadcasting reception system periodicallysets reference time information to a system time clock, and then the stored audio/video data can be transferred to A/V decoder 310 at a constant bitrate. Accordingly, the audio/video data can be processed at a bitrate and audio/video service can be provided.
[101]
[102] Data Format Structure [103] Meanwhile, the data structure used in the mobile broadcasting technology according to the embodiment of the present invention may include a data group structure and an RS frame structure, which will now be described in detail.
[104] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary structureof a data group according to the present invention.
[105] FIG. 2 shows an example of dividing a data group according to the data structure of the present invention into 10 MH blo In this example, each MH block has the length of 16 segments. Referring to FIG. 2, only the RS parity data are allocated to portions of the first 5 segments of the MH block 1 (B1) and the last 5 segments of the MH
block (B10). The RS parity data are excluded in regions A to D of the data group.
[106] More specifically, when it is assumed that one data group is divided into regions A, B, C, and D,each MH block may be included in any one of region A to region D
depending upon the characteristic of each MH block within the data group.
111071 Herein, the data group is divided into a plurality of regions to be used for different purposes. More specifically, a region of the main service data having no interference or a very low interference level may be considered to have a more resistant (or stronger) receiving performance as compared to regions having higher interference levels. Ad-ditionally, when using a system inserting and transmitting known data in the data group, wherein the known data are known based upon an agreement between the transmitting system and the receiving system, and when consecutively long known data are to be periodically inserted in the mobile service data, the known data having a predetermined length may be periodically inserted in the region having no interference from the main service data (i.e., a region wherein the main service data are not mixed).

However, due to interference from the main service data, it is difficult to periodically insert known data and also to insert consecutively long known data to a region having interference from the main service data.
111081 Referring to FIG. 2, MH block 4 (B4) to MH block 7 (B7) correspond toregions without interference of the main service data. MH block 4 (B4) to MH block 7 (B7) within the data group shown in FIG. 2correspond to a region where no interference from the main service data occurs. In this example, a long known data sequence is inserted at both the beginning and end of each MH block. In the description of the present invention, the region including MH block 4 (B4) to MH block 7 (B7) will be referred to as "region A (=B4+B5+B6+B7)". As described above, when the data group includes region A having a long known data sequence inserted at both the beginning and end of each MH block, the receiving system is capable of performing equalization by using the channel information that can be obtained from the known data.
Therefore, the strongest equalizing performance may be yielded (or obtained) from one of region A to region D.
111091 In the example of the data group shown in FIG. 2, MH block 3 (B3) and MH block 8 (B8) correspond to a region having little interference from the main service data.
Herein, a long known data sequence is inserted in only one side of each MH
block B3 and B8. More specifically, due to the interference from the main service data, a long known data sequence is inserted at the end of MH block 3 (B3), and another long known data sequence is inserted at the beginning of MH block 8 (B8). In the present invention, the region including MH block 3 (B3) and MH block 8 (B8) will be referred to as "region B (=B3+B8)". As described above, when the data group includes region B having a long known data sequence inserted at only one side (beginning or end) of each MH block, the receiving system is capable of performing equalization by using the channel information that can be obtained from the known data. Therefore, a stronger equalizing performance as compared to region C/D may be yielded (or obtained).
[110] Referring to FIG. 2, MH block 2 (B2) and MH block 9 (B9) correspond to a region having more interference from the main service data as compared to region B. A
long known data sequence cannot be inserted in any side of MH block 2 (B2) and MH
block 9 (B9). Herein, the region including MH block 2 (B2) and MH block 9 (B9) will be referred to as "region C (=B2+B9)".
[111] Finally, in the example shown in FIG. 2, MH block 1 (B1) and MH block 10 (B10) correspond to a region having more interference from the main service data as compared to region C. Similarly, a long known data sequence cannot be inserted in any side of MH block 1 (B1) and MH block 10 (B10). Herein, the region including MH

block 1 (B1) and MH block 10 (B10) will be referred to as "region D
(=B1+B10)".

Since region C/D is spaced further apart from the known data sequence, when the channel environment undergoes frequent and abrupt changes, the receiving performance of region C/D may be deteriorated.
[112] Additionally, the data group includes a signaling information area wherein signaling information is assigned (or allocated).
[113] In the present invention, the signaling information area may start from the 1st segment of the 4th MH block (B4) to a portion of the 2nd segment.
[114] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the signaling information area for inserting signaling information may start from the 1st segment of the 4th MH block (B4) to a portion of the 2nd segment. More specifically, 276(=207+69) bytes of the 4thMH block (B4) in each data group are assigned as the signaling information area. In other words, the signaling information area consists of 207 bytes of the lstsegment and the first 69 bytes of the 2nd segment of the 4th MH block (B4). The 1st segment of the 4th MH block (B4) corresponds to the 17th or 173rd segment of a VSB field.
[115] Herein, the signaling information may be identified by two different types of signaling channels: a transmission parameter channel (TPC) and a fast information channel (FTC).
[116] Herein, the TPC data may include at least one of an MH ensemble ID, an MH sub-frame number, a total number of MH groups (TNoG), an RS frame continuity counter, a column size of RS frame (N), and an FTC version number.However, the TPC data (or information) presented herein are merely exemplary. And, since the adding or deleting of signaling information included in the TPC data may be easily adjusted and modified by one skilled in the art, the present invention will, therefore, not be limited to the examples set forth herein. Furthermore, the FTC is provided to enable a fast service ac-quisition of data receivers, and the FTC includes cross layer information between the physical layer and the upper layer(s). For example,when the data group includes 6 known data sequences, as shown in FIG. 2, the signaling information area is located between the first known data sequence and the second known data sequence. More specifically, the first known data sequence is inserted in the last 2 segments of the 3rd MH block (B3), and the second known data sequence in inserted in the 2nd and 3rdsegments of the 4th MH block (B4). Furthermore, the 3rd to 6thknown data sequences are respectively inserted in the last 2 segments of each of the 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th MH blocks (B4, B5, B6, and B7). The lstand 3rd to 6th known data sequences are spaced apart by 16 segments.
[117]
[118] FIG. 3 illustrates an RS frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[119] The RS frame shown in FIG. 3 corresponds to a collection of one or more data groups. The RS frame is received for each MH frame in a condition where the receiving system receives the FTC and processes the received FTC and where the receiving system is switched to a time-slicing mode so that the receiving system can receive MH ensembles including ESG entry points. Each RS frame includes TP
streams of each service or ESG, and SMT section data may exist in all RS frames.
[120] The RS frame according to the embodiment of the present invention consists of at least one MH transport packet (TP). Herein, the MH TP includes an MH header and an MH payload.
[121] The MH payload may include mobile service data as wekk as signaling data. More specifically, an MH payload may include only mobile service data, or may include only signaling data, or may include both mobile service data and signaling data.
[122] According to the embodiment of the present invention, the MH header may identify (or distinguish) the data types included in the MH payload.More specifically, when the MH TP includes a first MH header, this indicates that the MH payload includes only the signaling data. Also, when the MH TP includes a second MH header, this indicates that the MH payload includes both the signaling data and the mobile service data.
Finally, when MH TP includes a third MH header, this indicates that the MH
payload includes only the mobile service data.
[123] In the example shown in FIG. 3, the RS frame is assigned with TP
datagrams (TP
datagram 1 and TP datagram 2) for two service types.
[124] The TP datagram in the MH-TP in the RS frame may include reference time in-formation (for example, network time stamp (NTP)), the detailed description for the reference time information will be disclosed by being referred to FIGs. 25 to 29.
[125]
[126] Data Transmission Structure [127] FIG. 4illustrates a structure of a MH frame for transmitting and receiving mobile service data according to the present invention.
[128] In the example shown in FIG. 4, one MH frame consists of 5 sub-frames, wherein each sub-frame includes 16 slots. In this case, the MH frame according to the present invention includes 5 sub-frames and 80 slots.
[129] Also, in a packet level, one slot is configured of 156 data packets (i.e., transport stream packets), and in a symbol level, one slot is configured of 156 data segments.
Herein, the size of one slot corresponds to one half (1/2) of a VSB field.
More specifically, since one 207-byte data packet has the same amount of data as a data segment, a data packet prior to being interleaved may also be used as a data segment.
At this point, two VSB fields are grouped to form a VSB frame.
[130]
[131] FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary structure of a VSB frame, wherein one VSB frame consists of 2 VSB fields (i.e., an odd field and an even field). Herein, each VSB field includes a field synchronization segment and 312 data segments. The slot corresponds to a basic time unit for multiplexing the mobile service data and the main service data.
Herein, one slot may either include the mobile service data or be configured only of the main service data.
[132] If the first 118 data packets within the slot correspond to a data group, the remaining 38 data packets become the main service data packets. In another example, when no data group exists in a slot, the corresponding slot is configured of 156 main service data packets.
[133] Meanwhile, when the slots are assigned to a VSB frame, an off-set exists for each assigned position.
[134]
[135] FIG. 6 illustrates a mapping example of the positions to which the first 4 slots of a sub-frame are assigned with respect to a VSB frame in a spatial area. And, FIG. 7 il-lustrates a mapping example of the positions to which the first 4 slots of a sub-frame are assigned with respect to a VSB frame in a chronological (or time) area.
[136] Referring to FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, a 38th data packet (TS packet #37) of a 1 stslot (Slot #0) is mapped to the 1st data packet of an odd VSB field. A 38th data packet (TS
packet #37) of a 2nd slot (Slot #1) is mapped to the 157th data packet of an odd VSB
field. Also, a 38th data packet (TS packet #37) of a 3rd slot (Slot #2) is mapped to the lstdata packet of an even VSB field. And, a 38th data packet (TS packet #37) of a 4thslot (Slot #3) is mapped to the 157th data packet of an even VSB field.
Similarly, the remaining 12 slots within the corresponding sub-frame are mapped in the subsequent VSB frames using the same method.
[137]
[138] FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary assignement order of data groups being assigned to one of 5 sub-frames, wherein the 5 sub-frames configure an MH frame. For example, the method of assigning data groups may be identically applied to all MH
frames or differently applied to each MH frame. Furthermore, the method of assinging data groups may be identically applied to all sub-frames or differently applied to each sub-frame. At this point, when it is assumed that the data groups are assigned using the same method in all sub-frames of the corresponding MH frame, the total number of data groups being assigned to an MH frame is equal to a multiple of '5'.
[139] According to the embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of consecutive data groups is assigned to be spaced as far apart from one another as possible within the MH frame. Thus, the system can be capable of responding promptly and effectively to any burst error that may occur within a sub-frame.
[140] For example, when it is assumed that 3 data groups are assigned to a sub-frame, the data groups are assigned to a 1st slot (Slot #0), a 5th slot (Slot #4), and a 9th slot (Slot #8) in the sub-frame, respectively. FIG. 8 illustrates an example of assigning 16 data groups in one sub-frame using the above-described pattern (or rule). In other words, each data group is serially assigned to 16 slots corresponding to the following numbers: 0, 8,4, 12, 1,9, 5, 13,2, 10, 6, 14, 3, 11,7, and 15. Equation 1 below shows the above-described rule (or pattern) for assigning data groups in a sub-frame.
[141] [Equation 11 [142]
= (4i+0) mod 16 0=0 if 1<4, 0=2 else if i < 85 Herein, 0=1 else g' i<12, 0 = 3 else.
[143] Herein, j indicates the slot number within a sub-frame. The value of j may range from 0 to 15 (i.e., ). Also, variable i indicates the data group number. The value of i may range from 0 to 15 (i.e., < <15 ).
[144] In the present invneiton, a collection of data groups included in a MH frame will be referred to as a "parade". Based upon the RS frame mode, the parade transmits data of at least one specific RS frame.
[145] The mobile service data within one RS frame may be assigned either to all of regions A/B/C/D within the corresponding data group, or to at least one of regions A/B/C/D. In the embodiment of the present invention, the mobile service data within one RS
frame may be assigned either to all of regions A/B/C/D, or to at least one of regions A/B and regions C/D. If the mobile service data are assigned to the latter case (i.e., one of regions A/B and regions C/D), the RS frame being assigned to regions A/B and the RS
frame being assigned to regions C/D within the corresponding data group are different from one another.
[146] According to the embodiment of the present invention, the RS frame being assigned to regions A/B within the corresponding data group will be referred to as a "primary RS frame", and the RS frame being assigned to regions C/D within the corresponding data group will be referred to as a "secondary RS frame", for simplicity.
Also, the primary RS frame and the secondary RS frame form (or configure) one parade.
More specifically, when the mobile service data within one RS frame are assigned either to all of regions A/B/C/D within the corresponding data group, one parade transmits one RS frame. Conversely, when the mobile service data within one RS frame are assigned either to at least one of regions A/B and regions C/D, one parade maytransmit up to 2 RS frames. More specifically, the RS frame mode indicates whether a parade transmits one RS frame, or whether the parade transmits two RS frames. Such RS frame mode is transmitted as the above-described TPC data. Table 1 below shows an example of the RS frame mode.
111471 Table 1 [Table 11 [Table 1 RS frame mode Description 00 There is only a primary RS frame for all Group Regions 01 There are two separate RS frames- Primary RS frame for Group Region A and B- Secondary RS frame for Group Region C and D
Reserved 11 Reserved 111481 Table 1 illustrates an example of allocating 2 bits in order to indicate the RS frame mode. For example, referring to Table 1, when the RS frame mode value is equal to '00', this indicates that one parade transmits one RS frame. And, when the RS
frame mode value is equal to '01', this indicates that one parade transmits two RS
frames, i.e., the primary RS frame and the secondary RS frame.
111491 More specifically, when the RS frame mode value is equal to '01', data of the primary RS frame for regions A/B are assigned and transmitted to regions A/B of the cor-responding data group. Similarly, data of the secondary RS frame for regions C/D are assigned and transmitted to regions C/D of the corresponding data group.
111501 As described in the assignment of data groups, the parades are also assigned to be spaced as far apart from one another as possible within the sub-frame. Thus, the system can be capable of responding promptly and effectively to any burst error that may occur within a sub-frame. Furthermore, the method of assigning parades may be identically applied to all MH frames or differently applied to each MH frame.

[151] According to the embodiment of the present invention, the parades may be assigned differently for each MH frame and identically for all sub-frames within an MH
frame.
More specifically, the MH frame structure may vary by MH frame units. Thus, an ensemble rate may be adjusted on a more frequent and flexible basis.
[152] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of multiple data groups of a single parade being assigned (or allocated) to an MH frame. More specifically, FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a plurality of data groups included in a single parade, wherein the number of data groups included in a sub-frame is equal to '3', being allocated to an MH frame.
[153] Referring to FIG. 9, 3 data groups are sequentially assigned to a sub-frame at a cycle period of 4 slots. Accordingly, when this process is equally performed in the 5 sub-frames included in the corresponding MH frame, 15data groups are assigned to a single MH frame. Herein, the 15 data groups correspond to data groups included in a parade.
Therefore, since one sub-frame is configured of 4 VSB frame, and since 3 data groups are included in a sub-frame, the data group of the corresponding parade is not assigned to one of the 4 VSB frames within asub-frame.
[154] For example,when it is assumed that one parade transmits one RS
frame, and that a RS frame encoder (not shown) included in the transmitting system performs RS-encoding on the corresponding RS frame, thereby adding 24 bytes of parity data to the corresponding RS frame and transmitting the processed RS frame, the parity data occupy approximately 11.37% (=24/(187+24)x100) of the total code word length.
Meanwhile, when one sub-frame includes 3 data groups, and when the data groups included in the parade are assigned, as shown in FIG. 9, a total of 15 data groups form an RS frame. Accordingly, even when an error occurs in an entire data group due to a burst noise within a channel, the percentile is merely 6.67% (=1/15x100).
Therefore, the receiving system may correct all errors by performing an erasure RS
decoding process. More specifically, when the erasure RS decoding is performed, a number of channel errors corresponding to the number of RS parity bytes may be corrected. By doing so, the receiving system may correct the error of at least one data group within one parade. Thus, the minimum burst noise length correctable by a RS frame is over 1 VSB frame.
[155] Meanwhile, when data groups of a parade are assigned as shown in FIG.
9, either main service data may be assigned between each data group, or data groups cor-responding to different parades may be assigned between each data group. More specifically, data groups corresponding to multiple parades may be assigned to one MH frame.
[156] Basically, the method of assigning data groups corresponding to multiple paradesis very similar to the method of assigning data groups corresponding to a single parade.
In other words, data groups included in other parades that are to be assigned to an MH

frame are also respectively assigned according to a cycle period of 4 slots.
[157] At this point, data groups of a different parademay be sequentially assigned to the respective slots in a circular method. Herein, the data groups are assigned to slots starting from the ones to which data groups of the previous parade have not yet been assigned.
[158] For example, when it is assumed that data groups corresponding to a parade are assigned as shown in FIG. 9, data groups corresponding to the next parade may be assigned to a sub-frame starting either from the 12th slot of a sub-frame.However, this is merely exemplary. In another example, the data groups of the next parade may also be sequentially assigned to a different slot within a sub-frame at a cycle period of 4 slots starting from the 3rd slot.
[159] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of transmitting 3 parades (Parade #0, Parade #1, and Parade #2) to an MH frame. More specifically, FIG. 10 illustrates an example of transmitting parades included in one of 5 sub-frames, wherein the 5 sub-frames configure one MH frame.
[160] When the 1st parade (Parade #0) includes 3 data groups for each sub-frame, the positions of each data groups within the sub-frames may be obtained by substituting values '0' to '2' for iin Equation 1. More specifically, the data groups of the 1st parade (Parade #0) are sequentially assigned to the 1st, 5th, and 9thslots (Slot #0, Slot #4, and Slot #8) within the sub-frame.
[161] Also, when the 2nd parade includes 2 data groups for each sub-frame, the positions of each data groups within the sub-frames may be obtained by substituting values '3' and '4' for iin Equation 1. More specifically, the data groups of the 2nd parade (Parade #1) are sequentially assigned to the 2nd and 12thslots (Slot #3 and Slot #11) within the sub-frame.
[162] Finally, when the 3rd parade includes 2 data groups for each sub-frame, the positions of each data groups within the sub-frames may be obtained by substituting values '5' and '6' for iin Equation 1. More specifically, the data groups of the 3rd parade (Parade #2) are sequentially assigned to the 7th and 1 lthslots (Slot #6 and Slot #10) within the sub-frame.
[163] As described above, data groups of multiple parades may be assigned to a single MH
frame, and, in each sub-frame, the data groups are serially allocated to a group space having 4 slots from left to right.
[164] Therefore, a number of groups of one parade per sub-frame (NoG) may correspond to any one integer from '1' to '8'. Herein, since one MH frame includes 5 sub-frames, the total number of data groups within a paradethat can be allocated to an MH
frame may correspond to any one multiple of '5' ranging from '5' to '40'.
[165] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of expanding the assignment process of 3 parades, shown in FIG. 10, to 5 sub-frames within an MH frame.
[166] FIG. 12 illustrates a data transmission structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein signaling data are included in a data group so as to be transmitted.
[167] As described above, an MH frame is divided into 5 sub-frames. Data groups cor-responding to a plurality of parades co-exist in each sub-frame. Herein, the data groups corresponding to each parade are grouped by MH fram units, thereby configuring a single parade. The data structure shown in FIG. 12 includes 3 parades, one ESG

dedicated channel (EDC) parade (i.e., parade with NoG=1), and 2 service parades (i.e., parade with NoG=4 and parade with NoG=3). Also, a predetermined portion of each data group (i.e., 37 bytes/data group) is used for delivering (or sending) FIC
in-formation associated with mobile service data, wherein the FIC information is separately encoded from the RS-encoding process. The FIC region assigned to eachdata group consists of one FIC segments. Herein, each segment is interleaved by MH sub-frame units, thereby configuring an FIC body, which corresponds to a completed FIC transmission structure. However, whenever required, each segment may be interleaved by MH frame units and not by MH sub-frame units, thereby being completed in MH frame units.
[168] Meanwhile, the concept of an MH ensemble is applied in the embodiment of the present invention, thereby defining a collection (or group) of services. Each MH
ensemble carries the same QoS and is coded with the same FEC code. Also, each MH
ensemble has the same unique identifier (i.e., ensemble ID) and corresponds to con-secutiveRS frames.
[169] As shown in FIG. 12, the FIC segment corresponding to each data group described service information of an MH ensemble to which the corresponding data group belongs. When FIC segments within a sub-frame are grouped and deinterleved, all service information of a physical channel through which the corresponding FICs are transmitted may be obtained. Therefore, the receiving system may be able to acquire the channel information of the corresponding physical channel, after being processed with physical channel tuning, during a sub-frame period.
[170] Furthermore, FIG. 12 illustrates a structure further including a separate EDC parade apart from the service parade and wherein electronic service guide (ESG) data are transmitted in the 1st slot of each sub-frame.
[171] If the digital broadcasting reception system recognizes a frame start point or a frame end point of the MH frame (or the MH subframe), then the digital broadcasting reception system can set the reference time information to the system time clock at the frame start point or the frame end point. The reference time information can be the network time protocol (NTP) timestamp. The detailed description for the reference time information will be disclosed by being referred to FIGs. 25 to 29.
[172]
[173] Hierarchical Signaling Structure [174] FIG. 13 illustrates a hierarchical signaling structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 13, the mobile broadcasting techonology according to the embodiment of the present invention adopts a signaling method using FIC and SMT. In the description of the present invention, the signaling structure will be referred to as a hierarchical signaling structure.
[175] Hereinafter, a detailed description on how the receiving system accesses a virtual channel via FIC and SMT will now be given with reference to FIG. 13.
[176] The FIC body defined in an MH transport (M1) identifies the physical location of each the data stream for each virtual channel and provides very high level descriptions of each virtual channel.
[177] Being MH ensemble level signaling information, the service map table (SMT) provides MH ensemble level signaling information. The SMT provides the IP
access information of each virtual channel belonging to the respective MH ensemble within which the SMT is carried. The SMT also provides all IP stream component level in-formation required for the virtual channel service acquisition.
[178] Referring to FIG. 13, each MH ensemble (i.e., Ensemble 0, Ensemble 1, ..., Ensemble K) includes a stream information on each associated (or corresponding) virtual channel (e.g., virtual channel 0 IP stream, virtual channel 1 IP
stream, and virtual channel 2 IP stream). For example, Ensemble 0 includes virtual channel stream and virtual channel 1 IP stream. And, each MH ensemble includes diverse in-formation on the associated virtual channel (i.e., Virtual Channel 0 Table Entry, Virtual Channel 0 Access Info, Virtual Channel 1 Table Entry, Virtual Channel Access Info, Virtual Channel 2 Table Entry, Virtual Channel 2 Access Info, Virtual Channel N Table Entry, Virtual Channel N Access Info, and so on).
[179] The FIC body payload includes information on MH ensembles (e.g., ensemble id field, and referred to as "ensemble location" in FIG. 13) and information on a virtual channel associated with the corresponding MH ensemble (e.g., when such information correspondsto a major channel num field and a minor channel num field, the in-formation is expressed as Virtual Channel 0, Virtual Channel 1, ..., Virtual Channel N
in FIG. 13).
[180] The application of the signaling structurein the receiving system will now be described in detail.
[181]
[182] When a user selects a channel he or she wishes to view (hereinafter, the user-selected channel will be referred to as "channel 0"for simplicity), the receiving system first parses the received FTC. Then, the receiving system acquires information on an MH
ensemble (i.e., ensemble location), which is associated with the virtual channel cor-responding to channel 8 (hereinafter, the corresponding MH ensemble will be referred to as "MH ensemble 0" for simplicity). By acquiring slots only correspondingto the MH ensemble 0 using the time-slicing method, the receiving system configures ensemble O. The ensemble 0 configured as described above, includes an SMT on the associated virtual channels (including channel 0) and IP streams on the corresponding virtual channels. Therefore, the receiving system uses the SMT included in the MH
ensemble 0 in order to acquire various information on channel 0 (e.g., Virtual Channel 0 Table Entry) and stream access information on channel 0 (e.g., Virtual Channel 0 Access Info). The receiving system uses the stream access information on channel 0 to receive only the associated IP streams, thereby providing channel services to the user.
[183]
[184] Fast Information Channel (FTC' [185] The digital broadcast receiving system according to the present invention adopts the fast information channel (FTC) for a faster access to a service that is currently being broadcasted.
[186] More specifically, the FTC handler215 of FIG. 1 parses the FTC body, which corresponds to an FTC transmission structure, and outputs the parsed result to the physical adaptation control signal handler 216.
[187] FIG. 14 illustrates an exemplary FTC body format according to an embodiment of the present invention. According to the embodiment of the present invention, the FTC
format consists of an FTC body header and an FTC body payload.
[188] Meanwhile, according to the embodiment of the present invention, data are transmitted through the FTC body header and the FTC body payload in FTC
segment units. Each FTC segment has the size of 37 bytes, and each FTC segment consists of a 2-byte FTC segment header and a 35-byte FTC segment payload. More specifically, an FTC body configured of an FTC body header and an FTC body payload, is segmented in units of 35 data bytes, which are then carried in at least one FTC segment within the FTC segment payload, so as to be transmitted.
[189] In the description of the present invention, an example of inserting one FTC segment in one data group, which is then transmitted, will be given. In this case, the receiving system receives a slot corresponding to each data group by using a time-slicing method.
[190] The signaling decoder 190 includedin the receiving system shown in FIG. 1 collects each FTC segment inserted in each data group. Then, the signaling decoder 190 uses the collected FTC segments to created a single FTC body. Thereafter, the signaling decoder 190 performs a decoding process on the FTC body payload of the created FTC
body, so that the decoded FTC body payload correspondsto an encoded result of a signaling encoder (not shown) included in the transmitting system.
Subsequently, the decoded FTC body payload is outputted to theFIC handler 215. The FTC handler parses the FTC data included in the FTC body payload, and then outputs the parsed FTC
data to the physical adaptation control signal handler 216. The physical adaptation control signal handler 216 uses the inputted FTC data to perform processes associated with MH ensembles, virtual channels, SMTs, and so on.
[191] According to an embodiment of the present invention, when an FTC body is segmented, and when the size of the last segmented portion is smaller than 35 data bytes, it is assumed that the lacking number of data bytes in the FTC segment payload is completed with by adding the same number of stuffing bytes therein, so that the size of the last FTC segment can be equal to 35 data bytes.
[192] However, it is apparent that the above-described data byte values (i.e., 37 bytes for the FTC segment, 2 bytes for the FTC segment header, and 35 bytes for the FTC
segment payload) are merely exemplary, and will, therefore, not limit the scope of the present invention.
[193]
[194] FIG. 15 illustrates an exemplary bit stream syntax structure with respect to an FTC
segment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[195] Herein, the FTC segment signifies a unit used for transmitting the FTC data. The FTC
segment consists of an FTC segment header and an FTC segment payload.
Referring to FIG. 15, the FTC segment payload corresponds to the portion starting from the 'for'loop statement. Meanwhile, the FTC segment header may include a FTC _type field, an error indicator field, an FIC seg number field, and an FIC last seg numberfield. A
detailed description of each field will now be given.
[196] The FTC _type field is a 2-bit field indicating the type of the corresponding FTC.
[197] The error indicator field is a 1-bit field, which indicates whether or not an error has occurred within the FTC segment during data transmission. If an error has occurred, the value of the error indicator field is set to '1'. More specifically, when an error that has failed to be recovered still remains during the configuration process of the FTC
segment, the error indicator field value is set to '1'. The error indicator field enables the receiving system to recognize the presence of an error within the FTC
data.
[198] The FIC seg number field is a 4-bit field. Herein, when a single FTC
body is divided into a plurality of FTC segments and transmitted, the FIC seg number field indicates the number of the corresponding FTC segment.
[199] Finally, the FIC last seg numberfield is also a 4-bit field. The FIC last seg number field indicates the number of the last FTC segment within the corresponding FTC body.
[200] FIG. 16 illustrates an exemplary bit stream syntax structure with respect to a payload of an FTC segment according to the present invention, when an FTC type field value is equal to '0'.
[201] According to the embodiment of the present invention, the payload of the FTC
segment is divided into 3 different regions. A first region of the FTC segment payload exists only when the FIC seg number field value is equal to '0'. Herein, the first region may include a current next indicator field, an ESG version field, and a transport stream id field. However, depending upon the embodiment of the present invention, it may be assumed that each of the 3 fields exists regardless of the FIC seg number field.
[202] The current next indicator field is a 1-bit field. The current next indicator field acts as an indicator identifying whether the corresponding FTC data carry MH
ensemble configuration information of an MH frame including the current FTC segment, or whether the corresponding FTC data carry MH ensemble configuration information of a next MH frame.
[203] The ESG version field is a 5-bit field indicating ESG version information. Herein, by providing version information on the service guide providing channel of the cor-responding ESG, the ESG version field enables the receiving system to notify whether or not the corresponding ESG has been updated.
[204] Finally, the transport stream id field is a 16-bit field acting as a unique identifier of a broadcast stream through which the corresponding FTC segment is being transmitted.
[205] A second region of the FTC segment payload corresponds to an ensemble loop region, which includes an ensemble id field, an ST _version field, and a num channel field.
[206] More specifically, the ensemble id field is an 8-bit field indicating identifiers of an MH ensemble through which MH services are transmitted. The MH services will be described in more detail in a later process. Herein, the ensemble id field binds the MH
services and the MH ensemble.
[207] The ST _version field is a 4-bit field indicating version information of ST data included in the corresponding ensemble, which is being transmitted within the RS
frame.
[208] Finally, the num channel field is an 8-bit field indicating the number of virtual channel being transmitted via the corresponding ensemble.
[209] A third region of the FTC segment payload a channel loop region, which includes a channel type field, a channel activity field, a CA indicator field, a stand alone service indicator field, a major channel num field, and a minor channel num field.

=
[210] The channel_type field is a 5-bit field indicating a service type of the corresponding virtual channel. For example, the channel_type field may indicates an audio/video channel, an audio/video and data channel, an audio-only channel, a data-only channel, a file download channel, an E,SG delivery channel, a notification channel, and so on.
[211] The channel_activity field is a 2-bit field indicating activity information of the cor-responding virtual channel. More specifically, the channel_activity field may indicate whether the current virtual channel is providing the current service.
[212] The CA_indicator field is a 1-bit field indicating whether or not a conditional access (CA) is applied to the current virtual channel.
[213] The stand_alone_service_indicator field is also a 1-bit field, which indicates whether the service of the corresponding virtual channel corresponds to a stand alone service.
[214] The major channel_num field is an 8-bit field indicating a major channel number of the corresponding virtual channel.
[215] Finally, the minor_channel_num field is also an 8-bit field indicating a minor channel number of the corresponding virtual channel.
[216]
[217] Service Table Map [218] FIG. 17 illustrates an exemplary bit stream syntax structure of a service map table (hereinafter referred to as "SMT") according to the present invention.
[219] According to the embodiment of the present invention, the SMT is configured in an MPEG-2 private section format. However, this will not limit the scope of the present invention. The SMT according to the embodiment of the present invention includes desription information for each virtual channel within a single MH
ensemble.
And, additional information may further be included in each descriptor area.
[220] Herein, the SMT according to the embodiment of the present invention includes at least one field and is transmitted from the transmitting system to the receiving system.
[221] As described in FIG. 3, the SMT section may be transmitted by being included in the MH TP within the RS frame. In this case, each of the RS frame decoders 170 and 180, shown in FIG. 1, decodes the inputted RS frame, respectively. Then, each of the decoded RS frames is outputted to the respective RS frame handler 211 and 212.

Thereafter, each RS frame handler 211 and 212 identifies the inputted RS frame by row units, so as to create an MH TP, thereby outputting the created MH TP to the MH
TP handler 213. When it is determined that the corresponding MH TP includes an SMT section based upon the header in each of the inputted MH TP, the MH TP
handler 213 parses the corresponding SMT section, so as to output the SI data within the parsed SMT section to the physical adaptation control signal handler 216.
However, this is limited to when the SMT is not encapsulated to IP datagrams., [222] Meanwhile, when the SMT is not encapsulated to IF datagrams, and when it is determined that the corresponding MH TP includes an SMT section based upon the header in each of the inputted MH TP, theMH TP handler 213 outputs the SMT
section to the IP network stack 220. Accordingly, the IP network stack 220 performs IP
and UDP processes on the inputted SMT section and, then, outputs the processed SMT

section to the SI handler 240. The SI handler 240 parses the inputted SMT
section and controls the system so that the parsed SI data can be stroed in the storage unit 290.
[223] The following corresponds to exampleof the fields that may be transmitted through the SMT.
[224] The table id field corresponds to an 8-bit unsigned integer number, which indicates the type of table section. The table id field allows the corresponding table to be defined as the service map table (SMT).
[225] The ensemble id field is an 8-bit unsigned integer field, which corresponds to an ID
value associated to the corresponding MH ensemble. Herein, the ensemble id field may be assigned with a value ranging from range '0x00' to '0x3F'. It is preferable that the value of the ensemble id field is derived from the parade id of the TPC
data, which is carried from the baseband processor of MH physical layer subsystem.
When the corresponding MH ensemble is transmitted through (or carried over) the primary RS frame, a value of '0' may be used for the most significant bit (MSB), and the remaining 7 bits are used as the parade id value of the associated MH parade (i.e., for the least significant 7 bits). Alternatively, when the corresponding MH
ensemble is transmitted through (or carried over) the secondary RS frame, a value of '1' may be used for the most significant bit (MSB).
[226] The num channels field is an 8-bit field, which specifies the number of virtual channels in the corresponding SMT section.
[227] Meanwhile, the SMT according to the embodimentof the present invention provides information on a plurality of virtual channels using the 'for' loop statement.
[228] The major channel num field corresponds to an 8-bit field, which represents the major channel number associated with the corresponding virtual channel.
Herein, the major channel num field may be assigned with a value ranging from '0x00' to 'OxFF'.
[229] The minor channel num field corresponds to an 8-bit field, which represents the minor channel number associated with the corresponding virtual channel.
Herein, the minor channel num field may beassigned with a value ranging from '0x00' to 'OxFF'.
[230] The short channel name field indicates the short name of the virtual channel.
[231] The service id field is a 16-bit unsigned integer number (or value), which identifies the virtual channel service.
[232] The service type field is a 6-bit enumerated type field, which designates the type of service carried in the corresponding virtual channel as defined in Table 2 below.
[233] Table 2 [Table 2]
[Table ]
Ox00 [Reserved]
Ox01 MH digital television - The virtual channel carries television programming (audio, video and optional associated data) conforming to ATSC standards.
0x02 MH audio - The virtual channel carries audio programming (audio service and optional associated data) conforming to ATSC standards.
0x03 MH data only service - The virtual channel carries a data service conforming to ATSC standards, but no video or audio component.
0x04- OxFF [Reserved for future ATSC use]
[234] The virtual channel activity field is a 2-bit enumerated field identifying the activity status of the corresponding virtual channel. When the most significant bit (MSB) of the virtual channel activity field is '1', the virtual channel is active, and when the most significant bit (MSB) of the virtual channel activity field is '0', the virtual channel is inactive. Also, when the least significant bit (LSB) of the virtual channel activity field is '1', the virtual channel is hidden (when set to 1), and when the least significant bit (LSB) of the virtual channel activity field is '0', the virtual channel is not hidden.
[235] The num components field is a 5-bit field, which specifies the number of IP stream components in the corresponding virtual channel.
[236] The IP version flag field corresponds to a 1-bit indicator. More specifically, when the value of the IP version flag field is set to '1', this indicates that a source IP address field, a virtual channel target IP address field, and a component target IP address field are IPv6 addresses. Alternatively, when the value of the IP version flag field is set to '0', this indicates that the source IP
address field, the virtual channel target IP address field, and the component target IP
address field are IPv4.
[237] The source IP address flag field is a 1-bit Boolean flag, which indicates, when set, that a source IP address of the corresponding virtual channel exist for a specific multicast source.
[238] The virtual channel target IP address flag field is a 1-bit Boolean flag, which indicates, when set, that the corresponding IP stream component is delivered through IP datagrams with target IP addresses different from the virtual channel target IP address. Therefore, when the flag is set, the receiving system (or receiver) uses the component target IP address as the target IP
address in order to access the corresponding IP stream component. Accordingly, the receiving system (or receiver) may ignore the virtual channel target IP address field included in the num channels loop.
[239] The source IP address field corresponds to a 32-bit or 128-bit field.
Herein,the source IP address field will be significant (or present), when the value of the source IP address flag field is set to '1'. However, when the value of the source IP address flag field is set to '0', the source IP address field will become in-significant (or absent). More specifically, when the source IP address flag field value is set to '1', and when the IP version flag field value is set to '0', the source IP address field indicates a 32-bit IPv4 address, which shows the source of the corresponding virtual channel. Alternatively, when the IP version flag field value is set to '1', the source IP address field indicates a 128-bit IPv6 address, which shows the source of the corresponding virtual channel.
[240] The virtual channel target IP address field also corresponds to a 32-bit or 128-bit field. Herein, the virtual channel target IP address field will be significant (or present), when the value of the virtual channel target IP address flag field is set to '1'. However, when the value of the virtual channel target IP address flag field is set to '0', the virtual channel target IP address field will become insignificant (or absent). More specifically, when the virtual channel target IP address flag field value is set to '1', and when the IP version flag field value is set to '0', the virtual channel target IP address field indicates a 32-bit target IPv4 address associated to the corresponding virtual channel. Alternatively, when the virtual channel target IP address flag field value is set to '1', and when the IP version flag field value is set to '1', the virtual channel target IP
address field indicates a 64-bit target IPv6 address associated to the correspondingvirtual channel. If the virtual channel target IP address field is insignificant (or absent), the component target IP address field within the num channels loop should become significant (or present). And, in order to enable the receiving system to access the IP
stream component, the component target IP address field should be used.
[241] Meanwhile, the SMT according to the embodiment of the present invention uses a 'for'loop statement in order to provide information on a plurality of components.
[242] Herein, the RTP payload type field, which is assigned with 7 bits, identifies the encoding format of the component based upon Table 3 shown below. When the IP
stream component is not encapsulated to RTP, the RTP payload type field shall be ignored (or deprecated).
[243] Table 3 below shows an example of an RTP payload type.
[244] Table 3 [Table 3]
[Table 1 RTP payload type Meaning 35 AVC video 36 MH audio 37 - 72 [Reserved for future ATSC use]
[245]
[246] The component target IP address flag field is a 1-bit Boolean flag, which indicates, when set, that the corresponding IP stream component is delivered through IP
datagrams with target IP addresses different from the virtual channel target IP address. Furthermore, when the component target IP address flag is set, the receivingsystem (or receiver) uses the component target IP address field as the target IP address for accessind the cor-responding IP stream component. Accordingly, the receiving system (or receiver) will ignore the virtual channel target IP address field included in the num channels loop.
[247] The component target IP address field corresponds to a 32-bit or 128-bit field.
Herein, when the value of the IP version flag field is set to '0', the component target IP address field indicates a 32-bit target IPv4 address associated to the corresponding IP stream component. And, when the value of the IP version flag field is set to '1', the component target IP address field indicates a 128-bit target IPv6 address associated to the correspondingIP stream component.
[248] The port num count field is a 6-bit field, which indicates the number of UDP ports associated with the corresponding IP stream component. A target UDP port number value starts from the target UDP port num field value and increases (or is in-cremented) by 1. For the RTP stream, the target UDP port number should start from the target UDP port num field value and shall increase (or be incremented) by 2. This is to incorporate RTCP streams associated with the RTP streams.
[249] The target UDP port num field is a 16-bit unsigned integer field, which represents the target UDP port number for the corresponding IP stream component. When used for RTP streams, the value of the target UDP port num field shall correspond to an even number. And, the next higher value shall represent the target UDP port number of the associated RTCP stream.
[250] The component level descriptor() represents zero or more descriptors providing additional information on the corresponding IP stream component.
[251] The virtual channel level descriptor() represents zero or more descriptors providing additional information for the corresponding virtual channel.

[252] Theensemble level descriptor() represents zero or more descriptors providing additional information for the MH ensemble, which is described by the corresponding SMT.
[253]
[254] FIG. 18 illustrates an exemplary bit stream syntax structure of an MH
audio descriptor according to the present invention. When at least one audio service is present as a component of the current event, the MH audio descriptor() shall be used as a component level descriptor of the SMT. The MH audio descriptor() may be capable of informing the system of the audio languagetype and stereo mode status. If there is no audio service associated with the current event, then it is preferable that the MH audio descriptor() is considered to be insignificant (or absent) for the current event. Each field shown in the bit stream syntax of FIG. 18 will now be described in detail.
[255] The descriptor tag field is an 8-bit unsigned integer having a TBD
value, which indicates that the corresponding descriptor is the MH audio descriptor(). The descriptor length field is also an 8-bit unsigned integer, which indicates the length (in bytes) of the portion immediately following the descriptor length field up to the end of the MH audio descriptor(). The channel configuration field corresponds to an 8-bit field indicating the number and configuration of audio channels. The values ranging from '1' to '6' respectively indicate the the number and configuration of audio channels as given for "Default bit stream index number" in Table 42 of ISO/IEC 13818-7:2006.
All other values indicate that the number and configuration of audio channels are undefined.
[256] The sample rate code field is a 3-bit field, which indicates the sample rate of the encoded audio data. Herein, the indication may correspondto one specific sample rate, or may correspond to a set of values that include the sample rate of the encoded audio data as defined in Table A3.3 of ATSC A/52B. The bit rate code field corresponds to a 6-bit field. Herein, among the 6 bits, the lower 5 bits indicate a nominal bit rate.
More specifically, when the most significant bit (MSB) is '0', the corresponding bit rate is exact. On the other hand, when the most significant bit (MSB) is '0', the bit rate corresponds to an upper limitas defined in Table A3.4 of ATSC A/53B. The ISO 639 language code field is a 24-bit (i.e., 3-byte) field indicating the language used for the audio stream component, in conformance with ISO 639.2/B [x]. When a specific language is not present in the corresponding audio stream component, the value of each byte will be set to '0x00'.
[257] FIG. 19 illustrates an exemplary bit stream syntax structure of an MH
RTP payload type descriptor according to the present invention.
[258] The MH RTP payload type descriptor() specifies the RTP payload type.
Yet, the MH RTP payload type descriptor() exists only when the dynamic value of the RTP payload type field within the num components loop of the SMT is in the range of '96' to '127'. The MH RTP payload type descriptor() is used as a component level descriptor of the SMT.
[259] The MH RTP payload type descriptor translates (or matches) a dynamic RTP payload type field value into (or with) a MIME type. Accordingly, the receiving system (or receiver) may collect (or gather) the encoding format of the IP
stream component, which is encapsulated in RTP.
[260] The fields included in the MH RTP payload type descriptor() will now be described in detail.
[261] The descriptor tag field corresponds to an 8-bit unsigned integer having the value TBD, which identifies the current descriptor as the MH RTP payload type descriptor().
[262] The descriptor length field also corresponds to an 8-bit unsigned integer, which indicates the length (in bytes) of the portion immediately following the descriptor length field up to the end of the MH RTP payload type descriptor().
[263] The RTP payload type field corresponds to a 7-bit field, whichidentifies the encoding format of the IP stream component. Herein, the dynamic value of the RTP payload type field is in the range of '96' to '127'.
[264] The MIME type length field specifies the length (in bytes) of the MIME type field.
[265] The MIME type field indicates the MIME type corresponding to the encoding format of the IP stream component, which is described by the MH RTP payload type descriptor().
[266] FIG. 20 illustrates an exemplary bit stream syntax structure of an MH
current event descriptor according to the present invention.
[267] The MH current event descriptor() shall be used as the virtual channel level descriptor() within the SMT. Herein, the MH current event descriptor() provides basic information on the current event (e.g., the start time, duration, and title of the current event, etc.), which is transmitted via the respective virtual channel.
[268] The fields included in the MH current event descriptor() will now be described in detail.
[269] The descriptor tag field corresponds to an 8-bit unsigned integer having the value TBD, which identifies the current descriptor as the MH current event descriptor().
[270] The descriptor length field also corresponds to an 8-bit unsigned integer, which indicates the length (in bytes) of the portion immediately following the descriptor length field up to the end of the MH current event descriptor().
[271] The current event start time field corresponds to a 32-bit unsigned integer quantity.

The current event start time field represents the start time of the current event and, more specifically, as the number of GPS seconds since 00:00:00UTC, January 6, 1980.
[272] The current event duration field corresponds to a 24-bit field.
Herein, the current event duration field indicates the duration of the current event in hours, minutes, and seconds (wherein the format is in 6 digits, 4-bit BCD = 24 bits).
[273] The title length field specifies the length (in bytes) of the title text field. Herein, the value '0' indicates that there are no titles existing for the corresponding event.
[274] The title text field indicates the title of the corresponding event in event title in the format of a multiple string structure as defined in ATSC A/65C [x].
[275]
[276] FIG. 21 illustrates an exemplary bit stream syntax structure of an MH
next event descriptor according to the present invention.
[277] The optional MH next event descriptor() shall be used as the virtual channel level descriptor() within the SMT. Herein, the MH next event descriptor() provides basic information on the next event (e.g., the start time, duration, and title of the next event, etc.), which is transmitted via the respective virtual channel. The fields included in the [278] MH next event descriptor() will now be described in detail.
[279] The descriptor tag field corresponds to an 8-bit unsigned integer having the value TBD, which identifies the current descriptor as the MH next event descriptor().
[280] The descriptor length field also corresponds to an 8-bit unsigned integer, which indicates the length (in bytes) of the portion immediately following the descriptor length field up to the end of the MH next event descriptor().
[281] The next event start time field corresponds to a 32-bit unsigned integer quantity.
The next event start time field represents the start time of the next event and, more specifically, as the number of GPS seconds since 00:00:00 UTC, January 6, 1980.
[282] The next event duration field corresponds to a 24-bit field. Herein, the next event duration field indicates the duration of the next event in hours, minutes, and seconds (wherein the format is in 6 digits, 4-bit BCD = 24 bits).
[283] The title length field specifies the length (in bytes) of the title text field. Herein, the value '0' indicates that there are no titles existing for the corresponding event.
[284] The title text field indicates the title of the corresponding event in event title in the format of a multiple string structure as defined in ATSC A/65C [x].
[285]
[286] FIG. 22 illustrates an exemplary bit stream syntax structure of an MH
system time descriptor according to the present invention.
[287] The MH system time descriptor() shall be used as the ensemble level descriptor() within the SMT. Herein, the MH system time descriptor() provides information on current time and date.
[288] The MH system time descriptor() also provides information on the time zone in which the transmitting system (or transmitter) transmitting the corresponding broadcast stream is located, while taking into consideration the mobile/portable characterstics of the MH service data. The fields included in the MH system time descriptor() will now be described in detail.
[289] The descriptor tag field corresponds to an 8-bit unsigned integer having the value TBD, which identifies the current descriptor as the MH system time descriptor().
[290] The descriptor length field also corresponds to an 8-bit unsigned integer, which indicates the length (in bytes) of the portion immediately following the descriptor length field up to the end of the MH system time descriptor().
[291] The system time field corresponds to a 32-bit unsigned integer quantity. The system time field represents the current system time and, more specifically, as the number of GPS seconds since 00:00:00UTC, January 6, 1980.
[292] The GPS UTC offset field corresponds to an 8-bit unsigned integer, which defines the current offset in whole seconds between GPS and UTC time standards. In order to convert GPS time to UTC time, the GPS UTC offset is subtracted from GPS time.
Whenever the International Bureau of Weights and Measures decides that the current offset is too far in error, an additional leap second may be added (or subtracted). Ac-cordingly, the GPS UTC offset field value will reflect the change.
[293] The time zone offset polarity field is a 1-bit field, which indicates whether the time of the time zone, in which the broadcast station is located, exceeds (or leads or is faster) or falls behind (or lags or is slower) than the UTC time. When the value of the time zone offset polarity field is equal to '0', this indicates that the time on the current time zone exceeds the UTC time. Therefore, the time zone offset polarity field value is added to the UTC time value. Conversely, when the value of the time zone offset polarity field is equal to '1', this indicates thatthe time on the current time zone falls behind the UTC time. Therefore, the time zone offset polarity field value is subtracted from the UTC time value.
[294] The time zone offset field is a 31-bit unsigned integer quantity.
More specifically, the time zone offset field represents, in GPS seconds, the time offset of the time zone in whichthe broadcast station is located, when compared to the UTC time.
[295] The daylight savings field corresponds to a 16-bit field providing information on the Summer Time (i.e., the Daylight Savings Time). The time zone field corresponds to a (5x8)-bit field indicating the time zone, in which the transmitting system (or transmitter) transmitting the corresponding broadcast stream is located.
[296] FIG. 23 illustrates segmentation and encapsulationprocesses of a service map table (SMT) according to the present invention.

[297] According to the present invention, the SMT is encapsulated to UDP, while including a target IP address and a target UDP port number within the IP datagram.
[298] More specifically, the SMT is first segmented into a predetermined number of sections, then encapsulated to a UDP header, and finally encapsulated to an IP
header.
In addition, the SMT section provides signaling informationon all virtual channel included in the MH ensemble including the corresponding SMT section. At least one SMT section describing the MH ensemble is included in each RS frame included in the corresponding MH ensemble. Finally, each SMT section is identified by an ensemble id included in each section. According to the embodiment of the present invention, by informing the receiving system of the target IP address and target UDP
port number, the corresponding data (i.e., target IP address and target UDP
port number) may be parsed without having the receiving system to request for other additional information.
[299]
[300] FIG. 24 illustrates a flow chart for accessing a virtual channel using FTC and SMT
according to the present invention.
[301] More specifically, a physical channel is tuned (S501). And, when itis determined that an MH signal exists in the tuned physical channel (S502), the corresponding MH

signal is demodulated (S503). Additionally, FTC segments are grouped from the de-modulated MH signal in sub-frame units (S504 and S505).
[302] According to the embodiment of the present invention, an FTC segment is inserted in a data group, so as to be transmitted. More specifically, the FTC segment corresponding to each data group described service information on the MH ensemble to which the corresponding data group belongs. When the FTC segments are grouped in sub-frame units and, then, deinterleaved, all service information on the physical channel through which the corresponding FTC segment is transmitted may be acquired. Therefore, after the tuning process, the receiving system may acquire channel information on the cor-responding physical channel during a sub-frame period. Once the FTC segments are grouped, in S504 and S505, a broadcast stream through which the corresponding FTC
segment is being transmitted is identified (S506). For example, the broadcast stream may be identified by parsing the transport stream id field of the FTC body, which is configured by grouping the FTC segments.
[303] Furthermore, an ensemble identifier, a major channel number, a minor channel number, channel type information, and so on, are extracted from the FTC body (S507).
And, by using the extracted ensemble information, only the slots corresponding to the designated ensemble are acquired by using the time-slicing method, so as to configure an ensemble (S508).
[304] Subsequently, the RS frame corresponding to the designated ensemble is decoded (S509), and an IP socket is opened for SMT reception (S510).
[305] According to the example given in the embodiment of the present invention, the SMT is encapsulated to UDP, while including a target IP address and a target UDP
port number within the IP datagram. More specifically, the SMT is first segmented into a predetermined number of sections, then encapsulated to a UDP header, and finally encapsulated to an IP header. According to the embodiment of the present invention, by informing the receiving system of the target IP address and target UDP port number, the receiving system parses the SMT sections and the descriptors of each SMT section without requesting for other additional information (S511).
[306] The SMT section provides signaling information on all virtual channel included in the MH ensemble including the corresponding SMT section. At least one SMT
section describing the MH ensemble is included in each RS frame included in the cor-responding MH ensemble. Also, each SMT section is identified by an ensemble id included in each section.
[307] Furthermore each SMT provides IP access information on each virtual channel subordinate to the corresponding MHensemble including each SMT. Finally, the SMT
provides IP stream component level information required for the servicing of the cor-responding virtual channel.
[308] Therefore, by using the information parsed from the SMT, the IP
stream component belonging to the virtual channel requested for reception may be accessed (S513). Ac-cordingly, the service associated with the corresponding virtual channel is provided to the user (S514).
[309]
[310] A receiver can acquire service configuration- and location-information from a specific data position of a transmission signal, such that it can quickly and effectively acquire desired services using the acquired information. As one example of this acquired information, the FTC data have been disclosed in the above embodiment.
Other embodiments of the FTC data will hereinafter be described in detail.
[311]
[312] FIG. 25 is a second-type FTC segment according to the present invention. In a header of the second-type FTC segment, an FTC _type field indicates a type of the FTC
segment.
The size of each information shown in FIG. 25 is represented by the number of bits or the number of bytes in parentheses, and may be variable as necessary. As shown in FIG. 14, an FTC body may be divided into a pluralityof FTC segments.
[313] An FIC Segment Number field of 3 bits indicates a serial number of FTC segments.
[314] An FIC Last Segment Number field of 3 bits indicates a number of the last FTC
segment among FTC segments.
[315] An FIC Update Notifier field of 4 bits indicates an update timing of FTC data. For example, if the FIC update Notifier field is set to '0000', this means that FTC is not im-mediately updated but is updated after the lapse of an MH signal frame including the FTC data having the same value as that of a corresponding field.
[316] An ESG version field of 4 bits indicates a version of service guide information which is exclusively transmitted through an ensemble.
[317] Information contained in the second-type FTC segment includes at least one of an FIC Ensemble Header field and an FIC Ensemble Payload field.
[318] The FIC Ensemble Header field includes an Ensemble id field, a RS Frame Continuity Counter field, a Signaling version field, and a NumChannels field.
[319] The Ensemble id field of 8 bits indicates an ensemble indicator (ID).
The RS Frame Continuity Counterfield of 4 bits indicates whether the RS frame transmitting the ensemble is continued or discontinued. The Signaling version field of 4 bits indicates a version of signaling information of the ensemble applied to the RS
frame. For example, the service transmitted through an ensemble may be described by the service map table (SMT), such that version information of this SMT may be es-tablished in this field. In addition, provided that the ensemble can be described by other signaling information transmitted on the basis of a section, version information of this signaling information may also be established in the field. For the convenience of description and better understanding of the present invention, if specific in-formation, which is transmitted in the form of a section used as a specific transmission unit of the ensemble, describes mobile service data contained in the ensemble, this specific information is referred to as service table information.
[320] A NumChannels field of 8 bits indicates the number of virtual channels contained in each ensemble.
[321] An FIC Ensemble Payload field may include a Channel type field, a CA
indicator field, a Primary Service Indicator field, a major channel num field, and a minor channel num field.
[322] The Channel type of 6 bits indicates a type of a service transferred through a cor-responding virtual channel. Examples of this field value will hereinafter be described in detail.
[323] The CA indicator field of one bit represents conditional access information indicating whether a corresponding virtual channel is an access-restricted channel. For example, if the CA indicator field is set to 1, an access to a corresponding virtual channel may be restricted.
[324] The Primary Service Indicator field of one bit indicates whether a corresponding virtual channel is a primary service.
[325] The major channel num field of 8 bits indicates a major number of a corresponding virtual channel, and a minor channel num field of 8 bits indicates a minor number of the corresponding virtual channel.
[326] In the FIC ensemble payload, various fields from the Channel type field to the minor channel num field from among the above-mentioned fields may be repeated according to the number of channels.
[327]
[328] FIG. 26 is a table illustrating syntax of the second-type FTC segment shown in FIG.
25 according to the present invention. Individual fields have been shown in FIG. 25.
The FTC segment is able to acquire information (hereinafter referred to as binding in-formation) indicating the relationshipbetween the ensemble and the virtual channel.
Namely, if acquisition of FTC data is completed, this FTC data indicates which one of virtual channels is transmitted through which ensemble.
[329]
[330] FIG. 27 is a third-type FTC segment according to the present invention. In FIG. 27, size of each informationis represented by the number of bits in parentheses, and this in-formation size may be variable as necessary. In an embodimentof the third-type FTC
segment, the FTC segment header field (FIC Segment Header) includes an FTC
_type field, a NumChannels field, an Ensemble id field, an FIC Section Number field, and an FIC Last Section Number field.
[331] The FTC _type field of 2 bits indicates a type of the FTC segment.
[332] The NumChannels field of 6 bits indicates the number of virtual channels transferred through an ensemble transmitting a corresponding FTC.
[333] The FIC Section Number field of 8 bits indicates a number of a corresponding segment when FTC body data is divided into a plurality of segments.
[334] The FIC Last Section Number field indicates the number of the last FTC segment contained in correspondingFIC body data.
[335] The FTC segment payload (FIC Segment Payload) may include an FIC channel header field and an FIC channel payload field. The FIC channel header field includes an ESG requirement flag field, a num streams field, an IP address flag field, and a Target IP address field.
[336] The ESG requirement flag field of one bit indicates whether service guide in-formation is needed for a user to view a corresponding virtual channel. For example, if this ESG requirement flag field is set to 1, this field indicates whether service guide information is needed for the user to view a virtual channel. Namely, the ESG requirement flag field indicates that the virtual channel can be selected through service guide information.
[337] The num streams field of 6 bits indicates the number of video data, audio data, and datastreams transferred through a corresponding virtual channel.

[338] The IP address flag field of one bit can represent an IP address for providing a cor-responding virtual channelby an IP version 4 (IPv4) or IP version 6 (IPv6). An address of the IP version 4 (IPv4) may be composed of 32 bits, and an address of IP
version 6 (IPv6) may be composed of 48 bits. The Target IP addressfield indicates an IP
address capable of receiving a corresponding virtual channel.
[339] The FIC channel payload field may include astream type field, a target port number field, and an ISO 639 language code field.
[340] The stream type of 8 bits indicates a type of a stream transferred through a cor-responding virtual channel. The Target port number field of 8 bits indicates the number of a transport port capable of acquiring a correspondingstream. If a stream is an audio stream, the ISO 639 language code field denoted by 8*3 bits indicates a language of this audio.
[341]
[342] FIG. 28 is a table illustrating a structure of the third-type FTC
segment shown in FIG.
27 according to the present invention. Individualfields have been shown in FIG. 27.
This FTC segment can acquire not only binding information associated with an ensemble and a virtual channel, but also acquisition position information of each virtual channel. Namely, if FTC data is acquired, position information of a service provided to the ensemblecan be recognized.
[343] FIG. 29 is a channel type contained in FTC data according to the present invention.
The channel type field indicates a service type of a service associated with a virtual channel. For example, if the channel type field is set to Ox01, this value of Ox01 represents that a virtual channelservice indicates realtime audio/video (A/V) broadcasting. If the channel type field is set to 0x02, this value of 0x02 indicates realtime audio dedicated broadcasting. If the channel type field is set to 0x03, this value of 0x03 indicatesrealtime audio/video (A/V) broadcasting. If the channel type field is set to 0x04, this value of 0x04 indicates realtime audio dedicated broadcasting.
If the channel type field is set to 0x05, this value of 0x05 indicates non-realtime audio/video (A/V) broadcasting. If the channel type field is set to 0x06, this value of 0x06 indicates non-realtime audio dedicated broadcasting. If the channel type field is set to 0x07, this value of 0x07 indicates that a virtual channelservice is either a non-realtime data broadcasting or a file transfer service. In addition, other services may also be shown in the channel type field.
[344]
[345] FIG. 30 is an MH transport packet (TP) shown in FIG. 3 according to the present invention. The RS frame of FIG. 3 includes a plurality of MH transport packets.
[346] A general type of the MH transport packet (TP)includes a type indicator field of 3 bits, an error indicator field of one bit, a stuffing-byte field of one bit, a pointer field of 11 bits, and a payload field.
[347] This payload field may include various format data, for example, general mobile service data, service table informationtransmitted in the form of a section used as a specific transmission unit, or IP datagram, etc.
[348] The type indicator field of 3 bits indicates a type of the MH
transport packet (TP).
This MH TP type may be changed according to categories of data entering the payload field.
[349] The error indicator field of one bit indicates the presence or absence of any error in the MH TP. The stuffing-byte field of one bitindicates the presence or absence of a stuffing byte in the payload.
[350] The example shown in FIG. 30 shows a service table information type (i.e., signaling) contained in the payload, and a type of mobile service data.
[351]
[352] FIG. 31 shows another example of service table information transferred to the MH
transport packet (TP). FIG. 17 has illustrated an SMT used as service table in-formation. FIG. 31 may be another example of the SMT, which is transferred to the MH TP and describes an ensemble service.
[353] A table id field of 8 bits indicates an indicator of a table.
[354] A section number field of 8 bits indicates the number of a section used as an SMT
transmission unit.
[355] A last section number field of 8 bits indicates the last section number acquired when the SMT is transmitted after being divided into sections.
[356] The following fields may be contained in each virtual channel (num channels in ensemble) of a corresponding ensemble.
[357] An ESG requirement flag field of one bit indicates whether service guide in-formation is needed to acquire a virtual channelservice.
[358] A num streams field of 6 bits indicates the number of audio/video/datastreams of a corresponding virtual channel.
[359] An IP version flag field of one bit indicates whether an IP address of a virtual channel is an IPv4 or an IPv6. In association with the case of IPv4or IPv6, an IP
address (target IP address) transferring a virtual channel is transmitted according to a corresponding IP address format.
[360] In association with each stream (num streams) contained in the virtual channel, the stream type field of 8 bits indicates the type of a corresponding stream. The stream type field will hereinafter be described in detail.
[361] A target port number field of 8 bits indicates a number of a port corresponding to each stream.
[362] An ISO 639 language code field composed of 8*3 bits indicates audio language in-formation when a corresponding stream is an audio stream.
[363]
[364] FIG. 32 is a stream type of a virtual channel according to the present invention.
[365] As can be seen from FIG. 32, it is determined whether a stream type field con-structing a mobile service of a virtual channelis an MH video stream (0x01), an MH
audio stream (0x02), an MH data broadcasting (0x03), or an MH file transfer stream (0x04).
[366]
[367] Relationship between FIC data and Other data [368] As shown in the above-mentioned description, mobile service data and main service data are multiplexed in the MH broadcasting signal and the multiplexed data in the MH
broadcasting signal is transmitted. In order to transmit mobile service data, transmission-parameter-channel signaling information is established in TPC
data, and fast-information--channel signaling information is established in FIC data.
TPC data and FIC data are multiplexed and randomized, 1/4 Parallel Concatenated Con-volutional Code (PCCC) is error-correction-encoded, such that the PCCC-encoded data is transmitted to a data group. Otherwise, mobile service data contained in the ensemble is SCCC (Serial Concatenated Convolutional Code) -outer-encoded, such that the SCCC-encoded data is transmitted to a data group. Mobile service data includes content data constructing a service and service table information describing this service. This service table information includes channel information of the ensemble indicating at least one virtual channel group, and includes service description information based on channel information.
[369] For the convenience of description, if several data segments pass through different modulation processes in a transmission unit or different demodulation processes in a reception unit although the data segments located in the same signal frame (or the same data group), it is represented that the data segments are transferred to different data channels because these data segments are signaling-processed via different paths. For example, it can be represented that the TPC data and FIC data are transmitted to a data channel other than a data channel in which the content data and the service table in-formation are transmitted. Because error correction coding/decoding processes to which the TPC data and FIC are applied are different from those applied to the content data and the service table information contained in the ensemble.
[370] Under the above-mentioned assumption, a method for receiving the MH
broadcasting signal will hereinafter be described. A digital broadcasting system according to the present inventionreceives a broadcasting signal in which mobile service data and main service dataare multiplexed. The system acquires version information of FIC
data from TPC data received in a first data channel among mobile service dataand acquires binding information of an ensemble and a virtual channel contained in the en-semblefrom the FTC data. Therefore, it can be recognized which one of ensembles transmits a service of a user-selected virtual channel.
[371] Thus, the system can receive the ensemble transferring the corresponding virtual channel according to a parade format. The systemcan acquire data groups contained in a series of slots from the parade received in a receiver. If the data groups are collected during only one MH frame, the system can acquire the RS frame equippedwith this ensemble. Therefore, the system decodes the RS frame, and parses the service table in-formationcontained in the decoded RS frame. The system can acquire a service of the virtual channel from the parsed service table information using information describing the user-selected virtual channel.
[372] The FTC data transferred to a first data channel may indicate binding information an ensemble and the virtual channelassociated with the ensemble, in which the ensemble is transferred to a second data channel. Using the binding information, the system can parse the service table information contained in a specific ensemble, such that the service can be quickly displayed.
[373] FIG. 33 is a flow chart illustrating the above data processing method according to the present invention.
[374] Referring to FIG. 33, one physical channel is selected and changed at step S801, and a selected physical channel is tuned at step S802. The digital broadcastingsystem de-modulates a broadcasting signal in which main service data and mobile service dataare multiplexed at step S803. The system scans the ensemble contained in a physical channel at step S804. The system acquires FTC data and parses it at step S805.
[375] The system acquires binding information of a virtual channel and ensembles at step S806, and searches for an ensemble including a desired virtual channel at step S807.
As a result, the system searches for service table information (SMT) in the searched e nsemble, and parses the searched SMT at step S808.
[376] If there is needed the service guide information for acquiring a service from a cor-responding virtual channel at step S809, the system checks ESG version information from FTC data at step S810.
[377] If the checked ESG version information is new version information at step S811, the system selects the ensembleproviding service guide information at step S812, acquires the service guide information, and parses the acquired service guide informationat step S813.
[378] The system determines whether the selected virtual channel is a valid channel at step S814 after performing the step S813 or S811. If the selected virtual channel is not determined to be the valid channel, the system displays a specific status in which a broadcastingsignal cannot be displayed at step S815.

[379] If the selected virtual channel is determined to be the valid channel at step S814, the system establishes either an IP address for acquiring the stream of a corresponding virtual channel or the number of ports at step S816. The system can display a chan-nelnumber on the screen according to receiver operations at step S817.
[380] If a corresponding service is displayed at step S818 and a physical channel is changed to another at step S819, the system returns to the step S802. If the ensemble is changed to another at step S820, the system performs the step S807.
[381] If the virtual channel of the ensemble is changed to another at step S821, the system performs the step S809. If a version of FIC data is changed to another, the system acquires specific informationcontained in FIC body data from the signal frame, and then performs the step S805. If section-formatted signaling information having the same section format as that of service table information is updated at step S823, the system performs the step S808.
[382] Therefore, by means of the FIC data, the system can quickly identify the ensemble transferring a selected service, and can acquire a desired service from the identified ensemble without acquiring the desired service from all ensembles.
[383] As apparent from the above description, the digital broadcasting system and the data processing method according to the present invention have strong resistance to any errors encountered when mobile service data is transmitted over a channel, and can be easily compatible with the conventional receiver. The digital broadcasting system according to the present invention can normally receive mobile service data without any errors over a poor channel which has lots of ghosts and noises. The digital broadcasting system according to the present invention inserts known data at a specific location of a data zone, and performs signal transmission, thereby increasing the reception (Rx) performance under a high-variation channel environment.
Specifically, the digital broadcasting system according to the present invention can be more ef-fectively used for mobile phones or mobile receivers, channel conditions of which are excessively changed and have weak resistances to noise.
[384] If the digital broadcasting system according to the present invention multiplexes mobile service data along with main service data, and transmits the multiplexed result, it can quickly access a service which is provided as mobile service data.
Mode for the Invention [385] The embodiments of the invention are described in the best mode of the invention.
Industrial Applicability [386] The digital broadcasting system and the data processing method according to the present invention can be used in broadcast and communication fields.

Claims (20)

1. A method of processing data for a receiver, the method comprising:
receiving and demodulating a broadcast signal comprising a fast information channel (FIC) including cross layer information for mobile service acquisition, a transport parameter channel (TPC) including FIC version information for identifying an update of the FIC, and mobile service data belonging to a desired ensemble, wherein the mobile service data is data encoded through a Reed-Solomon (RS) frame;
acquiring a first ensemble identifier identifying the desired ensemble from the FIC;
obtaining a service map table (SMT) from the desired ensemble, the SMT comprising a header and a payload, the header including a second ensemble identifier corresponding to the first ensemble identifier, the payload including service acquisition information of the desired ensemble;
acquiring IP access information of a mobile service from the SMT and acquiring IP datagram of the mobile service data from the ensemble according to the acquired IP access information; and decoding at least one of audio and video streams included in the acquired IP datagram of the mobile service data.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the FIC comprises a plurality of FIC segments, each FIC segment comprising a 2 byte header including FIC type information and a 35 byte payload including a portion of channel binding information and the first ensemble identifier.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, further comprising detecting a plurality of known data sequences from the broadcast signal.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein at least two of the plurality of known data sequences have different lengths.

5. The method of claim 3 or 4, wherein the TPC and the FIC are inserted between a first known data sequence and a second known data sequence.

6. The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the FIC and TPC are encoded with a first encoding code and the RS frame is encoded with a second encoding code.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first encoding code is a Parallel Concatenated Convolutional Code (PCCC) and the second encoding code is a Serial Concatenated Convolutional Code (SCCC).

8. The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the RS frame comprises a plurality of mobile and handheld (MH) transport packets, each MH transport packet having an M byte header and an N-M byte payload, the payload including the IP datagram of the mobile service data.

9. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the RS frame is divided into a plurality of slots and a data group is formed from each slot, the data group comprising a plurality of data regions, wherein first and second known data sequences are inserted into start and end portions of at least one of the data regions, respectively, and a third known data sequence is inserted in one of start and end portions of at least one of the remaining data regions.

10. The method of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein receiving and demodulating the broadcast signal comprises acquiring slots corresponding to the RS frame using a time-slicing method.

11. A receiver comprising:

a receiving unit for receiving and demodulating a broadcast signal comprising a fast information channel (FIC) including cross layer information for mobile service acquisition, a transport parameter channel (TPC) including F1C version information for identifying an update of the FIC, and mobile service data belonging to a desired ensemble, wherein the mobile service data is data encoded through a Reed- Solomon (RS) frame;
a first handler for acquiring a first ensemble identifier identifying the desired ensemble from the FIC;
a second handler for obtaining a service map table (SMT) from the desired ensemble, the SMT comprising a header and a payload, the header including a second ensemble identifier corresponding to the first ensemble identifier, the payload including service acquisition information of the desired ensemble;
a third handler for acquiring IP access information of a mobile service from the SMT and acquiring IP datagram of the mobile service data from the ensemble according to the acquired IP access information; and a decoder for decoding at least one of audio and video streams included in the acquired IP datagram of the mobile service data.

12. The receiver of claim 11, wherein the FIC comprises a plurality of F1C segments, each FIC segment comprising a 2 byte header including FIC type information and a 35 byte payload including a portion of channel binding information and the first ensemble identifier.

13. The receiver of claim 11 or 12, further comprising a known data detector for detecting a plurality of known data sequences from the broadcast signal.

14. The receiver of claim 13, wherein at least two of the plurality of known data sequences have different lengths.

15. The receiver of claim 13 or 14, wherein the TPC and the FIC are inserted between a first known data sequence and a second known data sequence.

16. The receiver of any one of claims 11 to 15, wherein the FIC and TPC
are encoded with a first encoding code and the RS frame is encoded with a second encoding code.

17. The receiver of claim 16, wherein the first encoding code is a Parallel Concatenated Convolutional Code (PCCC) and the second encoding code is a Serial Concatenated Convolutional Code (SCCC).

18. The receiver of any one of claims 11 to 17, wherein the RS frame comprises a plurality of mobile and handheld (MH) transport packets, each MH transport packet having an M byte header and an N-M byte payload, the payload including the IP datagram of the mobile service data.

19. The receiver of claim 11 or 12, wherein the RS frame is divided into a plurality of slots and a data group is formed from each slot, the data group comprising a plurality of data regions, wherein first and second known data sequences are inserted into start and end portions of at least one of the data regions, respectively, and a third known data sequence is inserted in one of start and end portions of at least one of the remaining data regions.

20. The receiver of any one of claims 11 to 18, wherein the receiving unit acquires slots corresponding to the RS frame using a time-slicing method.