CA2688094A1 - Method of lubricating an aluminium silicate composite surface with a lubricant comprising ashless, sulphur, phosphorus free antiwear agent - Google Patents
Method of lubricating an aluminium silicate composite surface with a lubricant comprising ashless, sulphur, phosphorus free antiwear agent Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2688094A1 CA2688094A1 CA002688094A CA2688094A CA2688094A1 CA 2688094 A1 CA2688094 A1 CA 2688094A1 CA 002688094 A CA002688094 A CA 002688094A CA 2688094 A CA2688094 A CA 2688094A CA 2688094 A1 CA2688094 A1 CA 2688094A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- antiwear agent
- lubricating
- sulphur
- ashless
- phosphorus
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 28
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 title claims description 28
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 22
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 title claims description 22
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 9
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- PZZYQPZGQPZBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium silicate Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O PZZYQPZGQPZBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- -1 hydroxy-carboxylic acid di-ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 38
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 18
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000005078 molybdenum compound Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002752 molybdenum compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- KHYKFSXXGRUKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-J molybdenum(4+) tetracarbamodithioate Chemical class C(N)([S-])=S.[Mo+4].C(N)([S-])=S.C(N)([S-])=S.C(N)([S-])=S KHYKFSXXGRUKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002462 imidazolines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005462 imide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002193 fatty amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002194 fatty esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930194542 Keto Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003873 salicylate salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 43
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Natural products OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 9
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229960001367 tartaric acid Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 6
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- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 6
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 5
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 5
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- ADOBXTDBFNCOBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptadecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C ADOBXTDBFNCOBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GQEZCXVZFLOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexadecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C GQEZCXVZFLOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DCTOHCCUXLBQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-undecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC=C DCTOHCCUXLBQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon disulfide Chemical compound S=C=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000007866 anti-wear additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 4
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane Substances CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VAMFXQBUQXONLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N icos-1-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C VAMFXQBUQXONLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamodithioic acid Chemical compound NC(S)=S DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004072 triols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010723 turbine oil Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C10M141/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compound
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- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/028—Overbased salts thereof
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- C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
- C10M2207/042—Epoxides
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- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/24—Epoxidised acids; Ester derivatives thereof
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- C10M2207/26—Overbased carboxylic acid salts
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- C10M2207/288—Partial esters containing free carboxyl groups
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- C10M2215/086—Imides
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- C10M2215/224—Imidazoles
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- C10M2219/089—Overbased salts
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- C10M2223/043—Ammonium or amine salts thereof
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- C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
- C10M2227/066—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts derived from Mo or W
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
- C10N2030/43—Sulfur free or low sulfur content compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
- C10N2030/45—Ash-less or low ash content
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
Abstract
The present invention relates to a method of lubricating an aluminium-com posite surface by supplying to the aluminium composite surface (typically an internal combustion engine aluminium surface) a lubricating composition com prising an oil of lubricating viscosity and an ashless antiwear agent.
Description
METHOD OF LUBRICATING-AN ALUMINIUM SILICATE COMPOSITE SURFACE WITH A LUBRICANT
COMPRISING ASHLESS, SULPHUR, PHOSPHORUS FREE ANTIWEAR AGENT
FIELD OF INVENTION
The invention provides a method of lubricating an aluminium-alloy or aluminium composite surface by supplying to the surface a lubricating composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and an ashless antiwear agent. The invention further provides a lubricating composition suitable for lubricating the aluminium-alloy or aluminium composite surface.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] It is well known for lubricating oils to contain a number of additives used to protect the mechanical devices such as internal combustion engines from wear, soot deposits and acidity build up. A common antiwear additive for engine lubricating oils is zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP). It is believed that ZDDP
antiwear additives protect the engine by forming a protective film on metal surfaces.
COMPRISING ASHLESS, SULPHUR, PHOSPHORUS FREE ANTIWEAR AGENT
FIELD OF INVENTION
The invention provides a method of lubricating an aluminium-alloy or aluminium composite surface by supplying to the surface a lubricating composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and an ashless antiwear agent. The invention further provides a lubricating composition suitable for lubricating the aluminium-alloy or aluminium composite surface.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] It is well known for lubricating oils to contain a number of additives used to protect the mechanical devices such as internal combustion engines from wear, soot deposits and acidity build up. A common antiwear additive for engine lubricating oils is zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP). It is believed that ZDDP
antiwear additives protect the engine by forming a protective film on metal surfaces.
[0002] In recent years engine lubricants containing phosphorus compounds and sulphur have been shown to contribute in part to particulate emissions, and emissions of other pollutants. In addition, sulphur and phosphorus tend to poison the catalysts used in catalytic converters, resulting in a reduction in performance of said catalysts.
[0003] Other developments in engine technology, such as new engine design, employ non-ferric components or whole engines. Typically non-ferric engines or components thereof, are based on aluminium-alloy, silicates, oxides, or other ceramic materials. However, well known antiwear agents ZDDP, are believed to result in poorer engine wear performance in aluminium-alloy based engine compared with ferric based engines.
[0004] In addition, with increasing control of emissions (often associated with contributing to NOX formation, SOX formation, formation of sulphated ash and reducing the efficiency of after-treatment catalytic converters) there a desire towards reduced amounts of sulphur, phosphorus and sulphated ash in engine oils. However, reducing the levels of antiwear additives such as ZDDP, is likely to increase wear and result in other detrimental performance of an engine.
[0005] US Patent Application 2006/0025315 discloses a method of lubricating an aluminium alloy surface with a lubricating composition containing an effective friction reducing amount of an oil soluble tri-nuclear organo-molybdenum compound.
[0006] Canadian Patent CA 1 183 125 discloses lubricants for gasoline engines containing alkyl-ester tartrates, where the sum of carbon atoms on the alkyl groups is at least 8.
[0007] Consequently, it would be desirable to provide an alternative antiwear agent capable of at least one of (i) reducing or preventing phosphorus emissions, (ii) reducing or preventing sulphur emissions, and (iii) wholly or partially replacing ZDDP in lubricating oils. The present invention provides an antiwear agent capable of achieving at least one of (i), (ii) or (iii). In addition it may also be desirable for the antiwear agent to not have a detrimental affect on other components of a mechanical device e.g., a seal or to provide lead and/or copper corrosion inhibition.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0008] In one embodiment the invention provides a method of lubricating an aluminium-alloy or aluminium composite surface comprising supplying to the aluminium-alloy or aluminium composite surface a lubricating composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and an ashless, phosphorus-free, sulphur-free antiwear agent.
[0009] In one embodiment the aluminium-alloy or aluminium composite surface is an aluminium-silicate surface.
[0010] In one embodiment the invention provides a method of lubricating an internal combustion engine comprising an aluminium-alloy or aluminium composite surface, the method comprising supplying to the surface a lubricating composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and an ashless, phosphorus-free, sulphur-free antiwear agent.
[0011] In one embodiment invention provides for the use of a lubricating composition comprising an ashless antiwear agent to lubricate an aluminium-alloy or aluminium composite surface. In one embodiment the invention provides for the use of a lubricating composition comprising an ashless antiwear agent to lubricate an internal combustion engine comprising an aluminium-alloy or aluminium composite surface.
[0012] In one embodiment the invention provides a lubricating composition comprising an ashless, phosphorus-free, sulphur-free antiwear agent, and wherein the lubricating composition is characterised as having at least one of (i) a sulphur content of 0.8 wt % or less, (ii) a phosphorus content of 0.2 wt % or less, or (iii) a sulphated ash content of 2 wt % or less.
[0013] In one embodiment the invention provides a lubricating composition comprising an ashless, phosphorus-free, sulphur-free antiwear agent, and wherein the lubricating composition is characterised as having (i) a sulphur content of 0.5 wt % or less, (ii) a phosphorus content of 0.1 wt % or less, and (iii) a sulphated ash content of 1.5 wt % or less.
[0014] In one embodiment the lubricating compositions disclosed herein further comprises a molybdenum compound. Examples of a suitable molybdenum compound include molybdenum dialkyl dithiopho sp hates, molybdenum dithiocarbamates, amine salts of molybdenum compounds, or mixtures thereof.
[0015] In different embodiments the lubricating compositions disclosed herein contain 0 ppm to 500 ppm, or 5 ppm to 300 ppm, or 20 ppm to 250 ppm of molybdenum. In certain embodiments a molybdenum compound is present in an amount to provide 0.5 ppm to 2000 ppm, 1 ppm to 700 ppm, or 20 ppm to 250 ppm molybdenum.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0016] The present invention provides a lubricating composition and a method for lubricating an engine as disclosed above.
Ashless Antiwear A~4ent
Ashless Antiwear A~4ent
[0017] In one embodiment the ashless, phosphorus-free, sulphur-free antiwear agent includes imides, di-esters, di-amides, di-imides, ester-amides, ester-imides, imide-amides. In one embodiment the antiwear agent includes imides, di-esters, di-amides, or ester-amides.
[0018] In one embodiment the ashless antiwear agent includes a compound derived from a hydroxycarboxylic acid.
[0019] In one embodiment the ashless antiwear agent is derived from at least one of a hydroxy-carboxylic acid di-ester, a hydroxy-carboxylic acid di-amide, a hydroxy-carboxylic acid di-imide, a hydroxy-carboxylic acid ester-amide, a hydroxy-carboxylic acid ester-imide, and a hydroxy-carboxylic acid imide-amide. In one embodiment the ashless antiwear agent is derived from at least one of the group consisting of a hydroxy-carboxylic acid di-ester, a hydroxy-carboxylic acid di-amide, and a hydroxy-carboxylic acid ester-amide.
[0020] Examples of a suitable a hydroxycarboxylic acid include citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid (or hydroxy-succinic acid), lactic acid, oxalic acid, glycolic acid, hydroxy-propionic acid, hydroxyglutaric acid, or mixtures thereof.
In one embodiment ashless antiwear agent is derived from tartaric acid, citric acid, hydroxy-succinic acid, dihydroxy mono-acids, mono-hydroxy diacids, or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment the ashless antiwear agent includes a compound derived from tartaric acid. In another embodiment it is derived from citric acid.
In one embodiment ashless antiwear agent is derived from tartaric acid, citric acid, hydroxy-succinic acid, dihydroxy mono-acids, mono-hydroxy diacids, or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment the ashless antiwear agent includes a compound derived from tartaric acid. In another embodiment it is derived from citric acid.
[0021] US Patent Application 2005/198894 discloses suitable hydroxycarboxylic acid compounds, and methods of preparing the same.
[0022] Canadian Patent 1183125; US Patent Publication numbers 2006/0183647 and US-2006-0079413; US Patent Application number 60/867402; and British Patent 2 105 743 A, all disclose examples of suitable tartaric acid derivatives.
[0023] In one embodiment the di-esters, di-amides, di-imides, ester-amide, ester-imide, imide-amide compounds are derived from a compound of Formula (la) and/or (lb). In one embodiment the di-esters, di-amides, ester-amide, compounds are derived from a compound of Formula (la) and/or (lb).
[0024] A detailed description of methods for preparing suitable tartrimides (by reacting tartaric acid with a primary amine) is disclosed in US Patent 4,237,022.
[0025] In one embodiment the ashless antiwear agent includes imide, di-esters, di-amides, ester-amide derivatives of tartaric acid.
[0026] The ashless antiwear agent of the invention, typically a tartrate, may also function as rust and corrosion inhibitors, friction modifiers, antiwear agents and demulsifiers.
[0027] In one embodiment the ashless antiwear agent is represented by a compound of Formula (la) and/or (lb):
O
R-L--Y )(X)fl p Formula (l a) O O
R-L--Y- I I Xn Y' R2 ~ ) Formula (lb) wherein n is 0 to 10, 0 to 6, 0 to 4, 1 to 4, or 1 to 2 for Formula (lb), and l to 10, to 4, or 1 to 2 for Formula (la);
pislto5,orlto2,orl;
Y and Y' are independently -0-, >NH, >NR3, or an imide group formed by taking together both Y and Y' groups in (lb) or two Y groups in (la) and forming a Ri-N< group between two >C=0 groups;
X is independently -CH2-, >CHR4 or >CR4R5, >CHOR6, or >C(C02R6)2, >C(OR6)COzR6, >C(CH2 OR6)COzR6, -CH3, -CH2R 4 or -CHR4R5, -CH2OR6, or -CH(C02R6)2, =C-R6, or mixtures thereof to fulfill the valence of Formula (la) and/or (lb), with the proviso that =C-R6 only applies to Formula (la), the =C
referring to three single bonds to the carbon atom;
Ri and R2 are independently hydrocarbyl groups, typically containing 1 to 150, 4 to 30, or 6 to 20, or 10 to 20, or 11 to 18 carbon atoms;
R3 is a hydrocarbyl group;
R4 and R5 are independently keto-containing groups (such as acyl groups), ester groups or hydrocarbyl groups; and R6 is independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group, typically containing 1 to 150, or 4 to 30 carbon atoms.
O
R-L--Y )(X)fl p Formula (l a) O O
R-L--Y- I I Xn Y' R2 ~ ) Formula (lb) wherein n is 0 to 10, 0 to 6, 0 to 4, 1 to 4, or 1 to 2 for Formula (lb), and l to 10, to 4, or 1 to 2 for Formula (la);
pislto5,orlto2,orl;
Y and Y' are independently -0-, >NH, >NR3, or an imide group formed by taking together both Y and Y' groups in (lb) or two Y groups in (la) and forming a Ri-N< group between two >C=0 groups;
X is independently -CH2-, >CHR4 or >CR4R5, >CHOR6, or >C(C02R6)2, >C(OR6)COzR6, >C(CH2 OR6)COzR6, -CH3, -CH2R 4 or -CHR4R5, -CH2OR6, or -CH(C02R6)2, =C-R6, or mixtures thereof to fulfill the valence of Formula (la) and/or (lb), with the proviso that =C-R6 only applies to Formula (la), the =C
referring to three single bonds to the carbon atom;
Ri and R2 are independently hydrocarbyl groups, typically containing 1 to 150, 4 to 30, or 6 to 20, or 10 to 20, or 11 to 18 carbon atoms;
R3 is a hydrocarbyl group;
R4 and R5 are independently keto-containing groups (such as acyl groups), ester groups or hydrocarbyl groups; and R6 is independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group, typically containing 1 to 150, or 4 to 30 carbon atoms.
[0028] In one embodiment the compound of Formula (lb) contains an imide group. The imide group is typically formed by taking together the Y and Y' groups and forming a Ri-N< group between two >C=0 groups.
[0029] In one embodiment the compound of Formula (la) and/or (lb) has n, X, and Ri, R2 and R6 defined as follows: n is 1 to 2, X is >CHOR6; and Ri, R2 and R6 are independently hydrocarbyl groups containing 4 to 30 carbon atoms.
[0030] In one embodiment Y and Y' are both -0-.
[0031] In one embodiment the compound of Formula (la) and/or (lb) has n, X, Y, Y' and Ri, R2 and R6 defined as follows: n is 1 to 2, X is >CHOR6; Y and Y' are both -0-, and Ri, R2 and R6 are independently hydrocarbyl groups containing 4 to 30 carbon atoms.
[0032] The di-esters, di-amides, di-imides, ester-amide, ester-imide, imide-amide compounds of Formula (la) and/or (lb) may be prepared by reacting a dicarboxylic acid (such as tartaric acid), with an amine or alcohol, optionally in the presence of a known esterification catalyst. The amine or alcohol typically has sufficient carbon atoms to fulfill the requirements of R' and/or R2 as defined in Formula (la) and/or (lb). Derivatives of the hydroxycarboxylic acid include imides, di-esters, di-amides, di-imides (applicable for tetra-acids and higher), ester-amides, ester-imides (applicable for tri-acids and higher, such as citric acid), imide-amides (applicable for tri-acids and higher, such as citric acid). In one embodiment the antiwear agent includes imides, di-esters, di-amides, or ester-amides.
[0033] In one embodiment R' and R2 are independently linear or branch hydrocarbyl groups. In one embodiment the hydrocarbyl groups are branched.
In one embodiment the hydrocarbyl groups are linear. The R' and R2 may be incorporated into Formula (la) and/or (lb) by either an amine or an alcohol.
The alcohol includes both monohydric alcohol and polyhydric alcohol.
In one embodiment the hydrocarbyl groups are linear. The R' and R2 may be incorporated into Formula (la) and/or (lb) by either an amine or an alcohol.
The alcohol includes both monohydric alcohol and polyhydric alcohol.
[0034] In one embodiment the ashless antiwear agent is derived from a compound of Formula (lb).
[0035] Examples of a suitable branched alcohol include 2-ethylhexanol, isotridecanol, Guerbet alcohols, or mixtures thereof.
[0036] Examples of a monohydric alcohol include methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, heptanol, octanol, nonanol, decanol, undecanol, dodecanol, tridecanol, tetradecanol, pentadecanol, hexadecanol, heptadecanol, octadecanol, nonadecanol, eicosanol, or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment the monohydric alcohol contains 5 to 20 carbon atoms.
[0037] The alcohol includes either a monohydric alcohol or a polyhydric alcohol.
Examples of a suitable polyhydric alcohol include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, 2,3-butylene glycol, 1,5-pentane diol, 1,6-hexane dio1, glycerol, sorbitol, pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane, starch, glucose, sucrose, methylglucoside, or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment the polyhydric alcohol is used in a mixture along with a monohydric alcohol.
Typically, in such a combination the monohydric alcohol constitutes at least mole percent, or at least 90 mole percent of the mixture.
Examples of a suitable polyhydric alcohol include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, 2,3-butylene glycol, 1,5-pentane diol, 1,6-hexane dio1, glycerol, sorbitol, pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane, starch, glucose, sucrose, methylglucoside, or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment the polyhydric alcohol is used in a mixture along with a monohydric alcohol.
Typically, in such a combination the monohydric alcohol constitutes at least mole percent, or at least 90 mole percent of the mixture.
[0038] In one embodiment ashless antiwear agent is derived from tartaric acid. The tartaric acid used for preparing the tartrates of the invention can be commercially available (for instance obtained from Sargent Welch), and it is likely to exist in one or more isomeric forms such as d-tartaric acid, l-tartaric acid or mesotartaric acid, often depending on the source (natural) or method of synthesis (e.g. from maleic acid). These derivatives can also be prepared from functional equivalents to the diacid readily apparent to those skilled in the art, such as esters, acid chlorides, or anhydrides.
[0039] When the compound of Formula (la) and/or (lb) is derived from tartaric acid, resultant tartrates may be solid, semi-solid, or oil depending on the particular alcohol used in preparing the tartrate. For use as additives in oleaginous compositions including lubricating and fuel compositions the tartrates are advantageously soluble and/or stably dispersible in such oleaginous compositions. For example, compositions intended for use in oils are typically oil-soluble and/or stably dispersible in an oil in which they are to be used.
The term "oil-soluble" as used in this specification and appended claims does not necessarily mean that all the compositions in question are miscible or soluble in all proportions in all oils. Rather, it is intended to mean that the composition is soluble in an oil (mineral, synthetic, etc.) in which it is intended to function to an extent which permits the solution to exhibit one or more of the desired properties. Similarly, it is not necessary that such "solutions" be true solutions in the strict physical or chemical sense. They may instead be micro-emulsions or colloidal dispersions which, for the purpose of this invention, exhibit properties sufficiently close to those of true solutions to be, for practical purposes, interchangeable with them within the context of this invention.
The term "oil-soluble" as used in this specification and appended claims does not necessarily mean that all the compositions in question are miscible or soluble in all proportions in all oils. Rather, it is intended to mean that the composition is soluble in an oil (mineral, synthetic, etc.) in which it is intended to function to an extent which permits the solution to exhibit one or more of the desired properties. Similarly, it is not necessary that such "solutions" be true solutions in the strict physical or chemical sense. They may instead be micro-emulsions or colloidal dispersions which, for the purpose of this invention, exhibit properties sufficiently close to those of true solutions to be, for practical purposes, interchangeable with them within the context of this invention.
[0040] The ashless antiwear agent of the may be present at 0.01 wt % to 20 wt %, or 0.05 to 10 wt %, or 0.1 to 5 wt % of the lubricating composition.
Oils of Lubricatin~4 Viscosity
Oils of Lubricatin~4 Viscosity
[0041] The lubricating composition comprises an oil of lubricating viscosity.
Such oils include natural and synthetic oils, oil derived from hydrocracking, hydrogenation, and hydrofinishing, unrefined, refined and re-refined oils and mixtures thereof.
Such oils include natural and synthetic oils, oil derived from hydrocracking, hydrogenation, and hydrofinishing, unrefined, refined and re-refined oils and mixtures thereof.
[0042] Unrefined oils are those obtained directly from a natural or synthetic source generally without (or with little) further purification treatment.
[0043] Refined oils are similar to the unrefined oils except they have been further treated in one or more purification steps to improve one or more properties. Purification techniques are known in the art and include solvent extraction, secondary distillation, acid or base extraction, filtration, percolation and the like.
[0044] Re-refined oils are also known as reclaimed or reprocessed oils, and are obtained by processes similar to those used to obtain refined oils and often are additionally processed by techniques directed to removal of spent additives and oil breakdown products.
[0045] Natural oils useful in making the inventive lubricants include animal oils, vegetable oils (e.g., castor oil), mineral lubricating oils such as liquid petroleum oils and solvent-treated or acid-treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic or mixed paraffinic-naphthenic types and oils derived from coal or shale or mixtures thereof.
[0046] Synthetic lubricating oils are useful and include hydrocarbon oils such as polymerised and interpolymerised olefins (e.g., polybutylenes, polypropylenes, propyleneisobutylene copolymers); poly(1-hexenes), poly(1-octenes), poly(1-decenes), and mixtures thereof; alkyl-benzenes (e.g.
dodecylbenzenes, tetradecylbenzenes, dinonylbenzenes, di-(2-ethylhexyl)-benzenes); polyphenyls (e.g., biphenyls, terphenyls, alkylated polyphenyls);
alkylated diphenyl ethers and alkylated diphenyl sulphides and the derivatives, analogs and homologs thereof or mixtures thereof.
dodecylbenzenes, tetradecylbenzenes, dinonylbenzenes, di-(2-ethylhexyl)-benzenes); polyphenyls (e.g., biphenyls, terphenyls, alkylated polyphenyls);
alkylated diphenyl ethers and alkylated diphenyl sulphides and the derivatives, analogs and homologs thereof or mixtures thereof.
[0047] Other synthetic lubricating oils include polyol esters (such as Prolube 3970), diesters, liquid esters of phosphorus-containing acids (e.g., tricresyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, and the diethyl ester of decane phosphonic acid), or polymeric tetrahydrofurans. Synthetic oils may be produced by Fischer-Tropsch reactions and typically may be hydroisomerised Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons or waxes. In one embodiment oils may be prepared by a Fischer-Tropsch gas-to-liquid synthetic procedure as well as other gas-to-liquid oils.
[0048] Oils of lubricating viscosity may also be defined as specified in the American Petroleum Institute (API) Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines. The five base oil groups are as follows: Group I (sulphur content >0.03 wt %, and/or <90 wt % saturates, viscosity index 80-120); Group II (sulphur content <0.03 wt %, and >90 wt % saturates, viscosity index 80-120); Group III (sulphur content <0.03 wt %, and >90 wt % saturates, viscosity index >120); Group IV (all polyalphaolefins (PAOs)); and Group V (all others not included in Groups I, II, III, or IV). The oil of lubricating viscosity comprises an API Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV, Group V oil or mixtures thereof. Often the oil of lubricating viscosity is an API Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV oil or mixtures thereof. Alternatively the oil of lubricating viscosity is often an API
Group II, Group III or Group IV oil or mixtures thereof.
Group II, Group III or Group IV oil or mixtures thereof.
[0049] The amount of the oil of lubricating viscosity present is typically the balance remaining after subtracting from 100 wt % the sum of the amount of the ashless antiwear agent and the other performance additives.
[0050] The lubricating composition may be in the form of a concentrate and/or a fully formulated lubricant. If the ashless antiwear agent is in the form of a concentrate (which may be combined with additional oil to form, in whole or in part, a finished lubricant), the ratio of the of components of the invention to the oil of lubricating viscosity and/or to diluent oil include the ranges of 1:99 to 99:1 by weight, or 80:20 to 10:90 by weight.
Other Performance Additives
Other Performance Additives
[0051] The composition optionally comprises other performance additives.
The other performance additives comprise at least one of metal deactivators, viscosity modifiers, detergents, friction modifiers, antiwear agents (other than the ashless antiwear agent of the invention), corrosion inhibitors, dispersants, dispersant viscosity modifiers, extreme pressure agents, antioxidants, foam inhibitors, demulsifiers, pour point depressants, seal swelling agents and mixtures thereof. Typically, fully-formulated lubricating oil will contain one or more of these performance additives.
The other performance additives comprise at least one of metal deactivators, viscosity modifiers, detergents, friction modifiers, antiwear agents (other than the ashless antiwear agent of the invention), corrosion inhibitors, dispersants, dispersant viscosity modifiers, extreme pressure agents, antioxidants, foam inhibitors, demulsifiers, pour point depressants, seal swelling agents and mixtures thereof. Typically, fully-formulated lubricating oil will contain one or more of these performance additives.
[0052] In one embodiment the lubricating composition comprises the ashless antiwear agent and further comprises at least one of a viscosity modifier, an antioxidant, an overbased detergent, a succinimide dispersant, or mixtures thereof.
[0053] In one embodiment the lubricating composition comprising the ashless antiwear agent further comprises a phosphorus-containing antiwear agent.
[0054] In one embodiment the lubricating composition comprising the ashless antiwear agent further comprises a molybdenum compound.
Deter~4ents
Deter~4ents
[0055] The lubricant composition optionally further comprises other known neutral or overbased detergents. Suitable detergent substrates include phenates, sulphur containing phenates, sulphonates, salixarates, salicylates, carboxylic acid, phosphorus acid, mono- and/or di- thiophosphoric acid, alkyl phenol, sulphur coupled alkyl phenol compounds, or saligenins. Various overbased detergents and their methods of preparation are described in greater detail in numerous patent publications, including W02004/096957 and references cited therein. The detergent substrate is typically salted with a metal such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment the lubricating composition further includes an overbased detergent. Typically the overbased detergent includes phenates, sulphur containing phenates, sulphonates, salixarates, salicylates, or mixtures thereof.
[0056] The detergent may be present at 0 wt % to 10 wt %, or 0.1 wt % to 8 wt %, or 1 wt % to 4 wt %, or greater than 4 to 8 wt %.
Dispersants
Dispersants
[0057] Dispersants are often known as ashless-type dispersants because, prior to mixing in a lubricating oil composition, they do not contain ash-forming metals and they do not normally contribute any ash forming metals when added to a lubricant and polymeric dispersants. Ashless type dispersants are characterised by a polar group attached to a relatively high molecular weight hydrocarbon chain. Typical ashless dispersants include N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimides. Examples of N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimides include polyisobutylene succinimide with number average molecular weight of the polyisobutylene substituent in the range 350 to 5000, or 500 to 3000. Succinimide dispersants and their preparation are disclosed, for instance in US Patent 3,172,892 or US Patent 4,234,435. Succinimide dispersants are typically the imide formed from a polyamine, typically a poly(ethyleneamine).
[0058] In one embodiment the invention further comprises at least one polyisobutylene succinimide dispersant derived from polyisobutylene with number average molecular weight in the range 350 to 5000, or 500 to 3000. The polyisobutylene succinimide may be used alone or in combination with other dispersants.
[0059] In one embodiment the invention further comprises at least one dispersant derived from polyisobutylene succinic anhydride, an amine and zinc oxide to form a polyisobutylene succinimide complex with zinc. The polyisobutylene succinimide complex with zinc may be used alone or in combination.
[0060] Another class of ashless dispersant is Mannich bases. Mannich dispersants are the reaction products of alkyl phenols with aldehydes (especially formaldehyde) and amines (especially polyalkylene polyamines). The alkyl group typically contains at least 30 carbon atoms.
[0061] The dispersants may also be post-treated by conventional methods by a reaction with any of a variety of agents. Among these are boron, urea, thiourea, dimercaptothiadiazoles, carbon disulphide, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, hydrocarbon-substituted succinic anhydrides, maleic anhydride, nitriles, epoxides, and phosphorus compounds.
[0062] The dispersant may be present at 0 wt % to 20 wt %, or 0.1 wt % to l5wt%,or0.lwt%to l0wt%,orl wt%to6wt%,or7wt%to l2wt%of the lubricating composition.
Antioxidants
Antioxidants
[0063] Antioxidant compounds are known and include for example, sulphurised olefins, alkylated diphenylamines (typically di-nonyl diphenylamine, octyl diphenylamine, di-octyl diphenylamine), hindered phenols, molybdenum compounds (such as molybdenum dithiocarbamates), or mixtures thereof.
Antioxidant compounds may be used alone or in combination. The antioxidant may be present in ranges 0 wt % to 20 wt %, or 0.1 wt % to 10 wt %, or 1 wt %
to 5 wt %, of the lubricating composition.
Antioxidant compounds may be used alone or in combination. The antioxidant may be present in ranges 0 wt % to 20 wt %, or 0.1 wt % to 10 wt %, or 1 wt %
to 5 wt %, of the lubricating composition.
[0064] The hindered phenol antioxidant often contains a secondary butyl and/or a tertiary butyl group as a sterically hindering group. The phenol group is often further substituted with a hydrocarbyl group and/or a bridging group linking to a second aromatic group. Examples of suitable hindered phenol antioxidants include 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 4-ethyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 4-propyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol or 4-butyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, or 4-dodecyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol. In one embodiment the hindered phenol antioxidant is an ester and may include, e.g., IrganoxTM L-135 from Ciba. A more detailed description of suitable ester-containing hindered phenol antioxidant chemistry is found in US Patent 6,559,105.
[0065] Suitable examples of molybdenum dithiocarbamates which may be used as an antioxidant include commercial materials sold under the trade names such as Molyvan 822TM and MolyvanTM A from R. T. Vanderbilt Co., Ltd., and Adeka Sakura-LubeTM S-100, S-165 and S-600 from Asahi Denka Kogyo K. K
and mixtures thereof.
Viscosity Modifiers
and mixtures thereof.
Viscosity Modifiers
[0066] Viscosity modifiers include hydrogenated copolymers of styrene-butadiene, ethylene-propylene copolymers, polyisobutenes, hydrogenated styrene-isoprene polymers, hydrogenated isoprene polymers, polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, polyalkyl styrenes, hydrogenated alkenyl aryl conjugated diene copolymers, polyolefins, esters of maleic anhydride-styrene copolymers.
Dispersant Viscosity Modifiers
Dispersant Viscosity Modifiers
[0067] Dispersant viscosity modifiers (often referred to as DVM), include functionalised polyolefins, for example, ethylene-propylene copolymers that have been functionalized with the reaction product of maleic anhydride and an amine; polymethacrylates functionalised with an amine, or esterified maleic anhydride-styrene copolymers reacted with an amine.
[0068] The total amount of viscosity modifier and/or dispersant viscosity modifier may be 0 wt % to 20 wt %, or 0.1 wt % to 15 wt %, or 0.1 wt % to 10 wt %, of the lubricating composition Antiwear A~4ents
[0069] The lubricant composition optionally further comprises at least one other antiwear agent other than the ashless antiwear agent of the invention.
Examples of suitable antiwear agents include phosphate esters, sulphurised olefins, sulphur-containing anti-wear additives including metal dihydrocarbyldithiophosphates (such as zinc dialkyldithiophosphates or molybdenum dialkyldithiopho sp hates), thio carb amate- containing compounds including, thiocarbamate esters, alkylene-coupled thiocarbamates, and bis(S-alkyldithiocarbamyl) disulphides.
Examples of suitable antiwear agents include phosphate esters, sulphurised olefins, sulphur-containing anti-wear additives including metal dihydrocarbyldithiophosphates (such as zinc dialkyldithiophosphates or molybdenum dialkyldithiopho sp hates), thio carb amate- containing compounds including, thiocarbamate esters, alkylene-coupled thiocarbamates, and bis(S-alkyldithiocarbamyl) disulphides.
[0070] The dithiocarbamate-containing compounds may be prepared by reacting a dithiocarbamate acid or salt with an unsaturated compound. The dithiocarbamate containing compounds may also be prepared by simultaneously reacting an amine, carbon disulphide and an unsaturated compound. Generally, the reaction occurs at a temperature of 25 C to 125 C. US Patents 4,758,362 and 4,997,969 describe dithiocarbamate compounds and methods of making them.
[0071] Examples of suitable olefins that may be sulphurised to form the sulphurised olefin include propylene, butylene, isobutylene, pentene, hexane, heptene, octane, nonene, decene, undecene, dodecene, undecene, tridecene, tetradecene, pentadecene, hexadecene, heptadecene, octadecene, nonadecene, eicosene or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, hexadecene, heptadecene, octadecene, nonadecene, eicosene or mixtures thereof and their dimers, trimers and tetramers are especially useful olefins. Alternatively, the olefin may be a Diels-Alder adduct of a diene such as 1,3-butadiene and an unsaturated ester, such as butylacrylate.
[0072] Another class of sulphurised olefin includes fatty acids and their esters. The fatty acids are often obtained from vegetable oil or animal oil and typically contain 4 to 22 carbon atoms. Examples of suitable fatty acids and their esters include triglycerides, oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitoleic acid or mixtures thereof. Often, the fatty acids are obtained from lard oil, tall oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower seed oil or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment fatty acids and/or ester are mixed with olefins such as a-olefins.
[0073] In an alternative embodiment, the ashless antiwear agent (which may also be described as a friction modifier) may be a monoester of a polyol and an aliphatic carboxylic acid, often an acid containing 12 to 24 carbon atoms.
Often the monoester of a polyol and an aliphatic carboxylic acid is in the form of a mixture with a sunflower oil or the like, which may be present in the ashless antiwear agent mixture include 5 to 95, or in other embodiments 10 to 90, or to 85, or 20 to 80 weight percent of said mixture. The aliphatic carboxylic acids (especially a monocarboxylic acid) which form the esters are those acids typically containing 12 to 24 or 14 to 20 carbon atoms. Examples of carboxylic acids include dodecanoic acid, stearic acid, lauric acid, behenic acid, and oleic acid.
Often the monoester of a polyol and an aliphatic carboxylic acid is in the form of a mixture with a sunflower oil or the like, which may be present in the ashless antiwear agent mixture include 5 to 95, or in other embodiments 10 to 90, or to 85, or 20 to 80 weight percent of said mixture. The aliphatic carboxylic acids (especially a monocarboxylic acid) which form the esters are those acids typically containing 12 to 24 or 14 to 20 carbon atoms. Examples of carboxylic acids include dodecanoic acid, stearic acid, lauric acid, behenic acid, and oleic acid.
[0074] Polyols include diols, triols, and alcohols with higher numbers of alcoholic OH groups. Polyhydric alcohols include ethylene glycols, including di-, tri- and tetraethylene glycols; propylene glycols, including di-, tri-and tetrapropylene glycols; glycerol; butane diol; hexane diol; sorbitol;
arabitol;
mannitol; sucrose; fructose; glucose; cyclohexane diol; erythritol; and pentaerythritols, including di- and tripentaerythritol. Often the polyol is diethyl-ene glycol, triethylene glycol, glycerol, sorbitol, pentaerythritol or dipentaerythritol. The commercial material known as glycerol monoleate is believed to include about 60 + 5 percent by weight of the chemical species "glycerol monooleate," along with 35 + 5 percent glycerol dioleate, and less than about 5 percent trioleate and oleic acid. The amounts of the monoesters, described below, are the amounts of the commercial grade material.
arabitol;
mannitol; sucrose; fructose; glucose; cyclohexane diol; erythritol; and pentaerythritols, including di- and tripentaerythritol. Often the polyol is diethyl-ene glycol, triethylene glycol, glycerol, sorbitol, pentaerythritol or dipentaerythritol. The commercial material known as glycerol monoleate is believed to include about 60 + 5 percent by weight of the chemical species "glycerol monooleate," along with 35 + 5 percent glycerol dioleate, and less than about 5 percent trioleate and oleic acid. The amounts of the monoesters, described below, are the amounts of the commercial grade material.
[0075] The antiwear agent may be present in ranges including 0 wt % to 15 wt%,or 0wt%tol0wt%,or0.05wt%to5wt%,or0.lwt%to3wt%of the lubricating composition.
[0076] In one embodiment the lubricating composition is free of zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate. In one embodiment the lubricating composition further includes zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate.
Extreme Pressure Agents
Extreme Pressure Agents
[0077] Extreme Pressure (EP) agents that are soluble in the oil include sulphur- and chlorosulphur-containing EP agents, chlorinated hydrocarbon EP
agents and phosphorus EP agents. Examples of such EP agents include chlorinated wax; organic sulphides and polysulphides such as dibenzyldisulphide, bis-(chlorobenzyl) disulphide, dibutyl tetrasulphide, sulphurised methyl ester of oleic acid, sulphurised alkylphenol, sulphurised dipentene, sulphurised terpene, and sulphurised Diels-Alder adducts;
phosphosulphurised hydrocarbons such as the reaction product of phosphorus sulphide with turpentine or methyl oleate; phosphorus esters such as the dihydrocarbon and trihydrocarbon phosphites, e.g., dibutyl phosphite, diheptyl phosphite, dicyclohexyl phosphite, pentylphenyl phosphite; dipentylphenyl phosphite, tridecyl phosphite, distearyl phosphite and polypropylene substituted phenol phosphite; metal thiocarbamates such as zinc dioctyldithiocarbamate and barium heptylphenol diacid; amine salts of alkyl and dialkylphosphoric acids, including, for example, the amine salt of the reaction product of a dialkyldithiophosphoric acid with propylene oxide; and mixtures thereof.
Friction Modifiers
agents and phosphorus EP agents. Examples of such EP agents include chlorinated wax; organic sulphides and polysulphides such as dibenzyldisulphide, bis-(chlorobenzyl) disulphide, dibutyl tetrasulphide, sulphurised methyl ester of oleic acid, sulphurised alkylphenol, sulphurised dipentene, sulphurised terpene, and sulphurised Diels-Alder adducts;
phosphosulphurised hydrocarbons such as the reaction product of phosphorus sulphide with turpentine or methyl oleate; phosphorus esters such as the dihydrocarbon and trihydrocarbon phosphites, e.g., dibutyl phosphite, diheptyl phosphite, dicyclohexyl phosphite, pentylphenyl phosphite; dipentylphenyl phosphite, tridecyl phosphite, distearyl phosphite and polypropylene substituted phenol phosphite; metal thiocarbamates such as zinc dioctyldithiocarbamate and barium heptylphenol diacid; amine salts of alkyl and dialkylphosphoric acids, including, for example, the amine salt of the reaction product of a dialkyldithiophosphoric acid with propylene oxide; and mixtures thereof.
Friction Modifiers
[0078] In one embodiment the further comprises a friction modifier, or mixtures thereof. Typically the friction modifier may be present in ranges including 0 wt % to 10 wt %, or 0.05 wt % to 8 wt %, or 0.1 wt % to 4 wt %.
[0079] Examples of suitable friction modifiers include long chain fatty acid derivatives of long chain fatty acid derivatives of amines, esters, or epoxides;
fatty imidazolines (that is to say, long chain fatty amides, long chain fatty esters, long chain fatty epoxide derivatives, long chain fatty imidazolines); and amine salts of alkylphosphoric acids.
fatty imidazolines (that is to say, long chain fatty amides, long chain fatty esters, long chain fatty epoxide derivatives, long chain fatty imidazolines); and amine salts of alkylphosphoric acids.
[0080] Friction modifiers may also encompass materials such as sulphurised fatty compounds and olefins, molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphates, molybdenum dithiocarbamates, sunflower oil or monoester of a polyol and an aliphatic carboxylic acid (all these friction modifiers have been described as antioxidants or antiwear agents).
[0081] In one embodiment the friction modifier friction modifier is selected from the group consisting of long chain fatty amides, long chain fatty esters, long chain fatty epoxide derivatives, long chain fatty imidazolines, and amine salts of alkylphosphoric acids; fatty alkyl tartrates such as C12-14 tartrates; fatty alkyl tartrimides (such as tridecyl tartrimide, oleyl tartrimide, or 2-ethylhexyl tartrimide); and fatty alkyl tartramides
[0082] In one embodiment the friction modifier is a long chain fatty acid ester (previously described above as an ashless antiwear agent). In another embodiment the long chain fatty acid ester is a mono-ester and in another embodiment the long chain fatty acid ester is a (tri)glyceride.
Other Additives
Other Additives
[0083] Other performance additives such as corrosion inhibitors include those described in paragraphs 5 to 8 of US Application US05/038319 (filed on October 25, 2004 McAtee and Boyer as named inventors), octylamine octanoate, condensation products of dodecenyl succinic acid or anhydride and a fatty acid such as oleic acid with a polyamine. In one embodiment the corrosion inhibitors include the Synalox corrosion inhibitor. The Synalox corrosion inhibitor is typically a homopolymer or copolymer of propylene oxide. The Synalox corrosion inhibitor is described in more detail in a product brochure with Form No. 118-01453-0702 AMS, published by The Dow Chemical Company. The product brochure is entitled "SYNALOX Lubricants, High-Performance Polyglycols for Demanding Applications."
[0084] Metal deactivators including derivatives of benzotriazoles (typically tolyltriazole), dimercaptothiadiazole derivatives, 1,2,4-triazoles, benzimidazoles, 2-alkyldithiobenzimidazoles, or 2-alkyldithiobenzothiazoles; foam inhibitors including copolymers of ethyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexylacrylate and optionally vinyl acetate; demulsifiers including trialkyl phosphates, polyethylene glycols, polyethylene oxides, polypropylene oxides and (ethylene oxide-propylene oxide) polymers; pour point depressants including esters of maleic anhydride-styrene, polymethacrylates, polyacrylates or polyacrylamides.
Industrial A1212lication
Industrial A1212lication
[0085] The lubricating composition may be utilised in a range aluminium-alloy or aluminium composite surfaces typically found in mechanical devices.
The mechanical devices include an internal combustion engine, a gearbox, an automatic transmission, a hydraulic device or a turbine. Typically the lubricating composition may be an engine oil, a gear oil, an automatic transmission oil, a hydraulic fluid, a turbine oil, a metal working fluid or a circulating oil. In one embodiment the mechanical device is an internal combustion engine.
The mechanical devices include an internal combustion engine, a gearbox, an automatic transmission, a hydraulic device or a turbine. Typically the lubricating composition may be an engine oil, a gear oil, an automatic transmission oil, a hydraulic fluid, a turbine oil, a metal working fluid or a circulating oil. In one embodiment the mechanical device is an internal combustion engine.
[0086] As used herein, the terms "aluminium-alloy" and "aluminium composite" are used interchangeably to describe a surface comprising aluminium and another component intermixed or reacted on a microscopic or nearly microscopic level, regardless of the detailed structure thereof. This would include any conventional alloys with metals other than aluminium as well as composite or alloy-like structures with non-metallic elements or compounds such as with ceramic-like materials. The aluminium-alloy or aluminium composite thus includes aluminium silicates, aluminium oxides, or other ceramic materials.
In one embodiment the aluminium-alloy is an aluminium-silicate surface.
In one embodiment the aluminium-alloy is an aluminium-silicate surface.
[0087] In one embodiment the internal combustion engine may be a diesel fuelled engine, a gasoline fuelled engine, a natural gas fuelled engine or a mixed gasoline/alcohol fuelled engine. In one embodiment the internal combustion engine may be a diesel fuelled engine and in another embodiment a gasoline fuelled engine.
[0088] The internal combustion engine may be a 2-stroke or 4-stroke engine.
Suitable internal combustion engines include marine diesel engines, aviation piston engines, low-load diesel engines, and automobile and truck engines.
Suitable internal combustion engines include marine diesel engines, aviation piston engines, low-load diesel engines, and automobile and truck engines.
[0089] The lubricant composition for an internal combustion engine may be suitable for any engine lubricant irrespective of the sulphur, phosphorus or sulphated ash (ASTM D-874) content. The sulphur content of the engine oil lubricant may be 1 wt % or less, or 0.8 wt % or less, or 0.5 wt % or less, or 0.3 wt % or less. In one embodiment the sulphur content may be in the range of 0.001 wt % to 0.5 wt %, or 0.01 wt % to 0.3 wt %. The phosphorus content may be 0.2 wt % or less, or 0.1 wt % or less, or 0.085 wt % or less, or even 0.06 wt %
or less, 0.055 wt % or less, or 0.05 wt % or less. In one embodiment the phosphorus content may be 100 ppm to 1000 ppm, or 325 ppm to 700 ppm. The total sulphated ash content may be 2 wt % or less, or 1.5 wt % or less, or 1.1 wt % or less, or 1 wt % or less, or 0.8 wt % or less, or 0.5 wt % or less. In one embodiment the sulphated ash content may be 0.05 wt % to 0.9 wt %, or 0.1 wt % or 0.2 wt % to 0.45 wt %.
or less, 0.055 wt % or less, or 0.05 wt % or less. In one embodiment the phosphorus content may be 100 ppm to 1000 ppm, or 325 ppm to 700 ppm. The total sulphated ash content may be 2 wt % or less, or 1.5 wt % or less, or 1.1 wt % or less, or 1 wt % or less, or 0.8 wt % or less, or 0.5 wt % or less. In one embodiment the sulphated ash content may be 0.05 wt % to 0.9 wt %, or 0.1 wt % or 0.2 wt % to 0.45 wt %.
[0090] In one embodiment the lubricating composition is an engine oil, wherein the lubricating composition is characterised as having (i) a sulphur content of 0.5 wt % or less, (ii) a phosphorus content of 0.1 wt % or less, and (iii) a sulphated ash content of 1.5 wt % or less. In another embodiment the sulphur content is 0.4 wt % or less, the phosphorus content is 0.08 wt % or less, and the sulphated ash is 1 wt % or less. In yet another embodiment the sulphur content is 0.3 wt% or less, the phosphorus content is 0.05 wt % or less, and the sulphated ash is 0.8 wt % or less.
[0091] In one embodiment the lubricating composition is suitable for a 2-stroke or a 4-stroke marine diesel internal combustion engine. In one embodiment the marine diesel combustion engine is a 2-stroke engine. The ashless antiwear agent of the invention may be added to a marine diesel lubricating composition at 0.01 to 20 wt %, or 0.05 to 10 wt %, or 0.1 to 5 wt %.
[0092] The following examples provide illustrations of the invention. These examples are non-exhaustive and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES
[0093] Example 1: A lubricating composition is prepared containing 1 wt %
of di-2-ethylhexyl tartrate, 0.6 wt % of other antiwear agents, 7.9 wt % of dispersants, 1.5 wt % of detergents, 3.6 wt % of antioxidants, 6.1 wt % of viscosity modifier, 0.1 wt % of corrosion inhibitor, and 0.1 wt % of friction modifier. The lubricating composition has a sulphated ash content of 0.6 wt %, a phosphorus content of about 570 ppm, and a sulphur content of 0.17 wt %.
of di-2-ethylhexyl tartrate, 0.6 wt % of other antiwear agents, 7.9 wt % of dispersants, 1.5 wt % of detergents, 3.6 wt % of antioxidants, 6.1 wt % of viscosity modifier, 0.1 wt % of corrosion inhibitor, and 0.1 wt % of friction modifier. The lubricating composition has a sulphated ash content of 0.6 wt %, a phosphorus content of about 570 ppm, and a sulphur content of 0.17 wt %.
[0094] Comparative Example 1 is similar to Example 1 except the composition does not contain the di-2-ethylhexyl tartrate.
[0095] Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are evaluated by employing the lubricating compositions in an internal combustion engine fitted with an aluminium silicate liner and a steel top ring. The engine is then run under varying loads and speeds and wear analysis is conducted when the engine is running at 5000 rpm. Data obtained from the wear analysis (wear rate of nanometers per hour) of the aluminium silicate liner is as follows:
Example Wear Rate (nm/h) Example 1 0.5 Comparative Example 1 2.1
Example Wear Rate (nm/h) Example 1 0.5 Comparative Example 1 2.1
[0096] Overall the results indicate that lubricating an aluminium-alloy surface with a lubricating composition as disclosed herein is capable of at least one of (i) reducing or preventing phosphorus emissions, (ii) reducing or preventing sulphur emissions, and (iii) wholly or partially replacing ZDDP in lubricating oils, and (iv) having no detrimental affect on other components of the internal combustion engine.
[0097] It is known that some of the materials described above may interact in the final formulation, so that the components of the final formulation may be different from those that are initially added. The products formed thereby, including the products formed upon employing lubricant composition of the present invention in its intended use, may not be susceptible of easy description.
Nevertheless, all such modifications and reaction products are included within the scope of the present invention; the present invention encompasses lubricant composition prepared by admixing the components described above.
Nevertheless, all such modifications and reaction products are included within the scope of the present invention; the present invention encompasses lubricant composition prepared by admixing the components described above.
[0098] Each of the documents referred to above is incorporated herein by reference. Except in the Examples, or where otherwise explicitly indicated, all numerical quantities in this description specifying amounts of materials, reaction conditions, molecular weights, number of carbon atoms, and the like, are to be understood as modified by the word "about." Unless otherwise indicated, each chemical or composition referred to herein should be interpreted as being a commercial grade material which may contain the isomers, by-products, derivatives, and other such materials which are normally understood to be present in the commercial grade. However, the amount of each chemical component is presented inclusive of any solvent or diluent oil, which may be customarily present in the commercial material, unless otherwise indicated. It is to be understood that the upper and lower amount, range, and ratio limits set forth herein may be independently combined. Similarly, the ranges and amounts for each element of the invention may be used together with ranges or amounts for any of the other elements.
[0099] As used herein, the term "hydrocarbyl substituent" or "hydrocarbyl group" is used in its ordinary sense, which is well-known to those skilled in the art. Specifically, it refers to a group having a carbon atom directly attached to the remainder of the molecule and having predominantly hydrocarbon character.
Examples of hydrocarbyl groups include:
(i) hydrocarbon substituents, that is, aliphatic (e.g., alkyl or alkenyl), alicyclic (e.g., cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl) substituents, and aromatic-, aliphatic-, and alicyclic-substituted aromatic substituents, as well as cyclic substituents wherein the ring is completed through another portion of the molecule (e.g., two substituents together form a ring);
(ii) substituted hydrocarbon substituents, that is, substituents containing non-hydrocarbon groups which, in the context of this invention, do not alter the predominantly hydrocarbon nature of the substituent (e.g., halo (especially chloro and fluoro), hydroxy, alkoxy, mercapto, alkylmercapto, nitro, nitroso, and sulphoxy);
(iii) hetero substituents, that is, substituents which, while having a predominantly hydrocarbon character, in the context of this invention, contain other than carbon in a ring or chain otherwise composed of carbon atoms.
Examples of hydrocarbyl groups include:
(i) hydrocarbon substituents, that is, aliphatic (e.g., alkyl or alkenyl), alicyclic (e.g., cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl) substituents, and aromatic-, aliphatic-, and alicyclic-substituted aromatic substituents, as well as cyclic substituents wherein the ring is completed through another portion of the molecule (e.g., two substituents together form a ring);
(ii) substituted hydrocarbon substituents, that is, substituents containing non-hydrocarbon groups which, in the context of this invention, do not alter the predominantly hydrocarbon nature of the substituent (e.g., halo (especially chloro and fluoro), hydroxy, alkoxy, mercapto, alkylmercapto, nitro, nitroso, and sulphoxy);
(iii) hetero substituents, that is, substituents which, while having a predominantly hydrocarbon character, in the context of this invention, contain other than carbon in a ring or chain otherwise composed of carbon atoms.
[0100] Heteroatoms include sulphur, oxygen, nitrogen, and encompass substituents as pyridyl, furyl, thienyl and imidazolyl. In general, no more than two, preferably no more than one, non-hydrocarbon substituent will be present for every ten carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl group; typically, there will be no non-hydrocarbon substituents in the hydrocarbyl group.
[0101] As will be evident, the antiwear agent described herein may be an oil-soluble derivative of a molecule containing a first carboxy group and at least one additional -OH, -NHR, or =0 moiety separated from the carbon of said first carboxy group by a chain of 2 or 3 atoms, where R is hydrogen or alkyl, e.g, Cl-6 alkyl.
[0102] While the invention has been explained in relation to its preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that various modifications thereof will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the specification.
Therefore, it is to be understood that the invention disclosed herein is intended to cover such modifications as fall within the scope of the appended claims.
Therefore, it is to be understood that the invention disclosed herein is intended to cover such modifications as fall within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (20)
1. A method of lubricating an aluminium composite surface comprising supplying to the aluminium composite surface a lubricating composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and an ashless, sulphur-free, phosphorus-free antiwear agent.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the aluminium composite surface is an aluminium-silicate surface.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the ashless antiwear agent is derived from at least one of a hydroxy-carboxylic acid di-ester, a hydroxy-carboxylic acid di-amide, a hydroxy-carboxylic acid imide, a hydroxy-carboxylic acid di-imide, a hydroxy-carboxylic acid ester-amide, a hydroxy-carboxylic acid ester-imide, and a hydroxy-carboxylic acid imide-amide.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the ashless antiwear agent is represented by a compound of Formula (1a) and/or (1b):
wherein n' is 0 to 10, 01 to 6, 0 to 4, 1 to 4, or 1 to 2 for Formula (1b), and 1 to 10, 1 to 4, or 1 to 2 for Formula (1a);
p is 1 to 5, or 1 to 2, or 1;
Y and Y' are independently -O-, >NH, >NR3, or an imide group formed by taking together both Y and Y' groups in (1b) or two Y groups in (1a) and forming a R1-N< group between two >C=O groups;
X is independently -CH2-, >CHR4 or >CR4R5, >CHOR6, or >C(CO2R6)2, >C(OR6)CO2R6, >C(CH2OR6)CO2R6, -CH3, -CH2R4 or CHR4R5, -CH2OR6, or -CH(CO2R6)2, .ident.C-R6, or mixtures thereof to fulfill the valence of Formula (1a) and/or (1b), with the proviso that .ident.C-R6 only applies to Formula (1a);
R1 and R2 are independently hydrocarbyl groups, typically containing 1 to 150, 4 to 30, 6 to 20, 10 to 20, or 11 to 18 carbon atoms;
R3 is a hydrocarbyl group;
R4 and R5 are independently keto-containing groups (such as acyl groups), ester groups or hydrocarbyl groups; and R6 is independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group, typically containing 1 to 150 carbon atoms.
wherein n' is 0 to 10, 01 to 6, 0 to 4, 1 to 4, or 1 to 2 for Formula (1b), and 1 to 10, 1 to 4, or 1 to 2 for Formula (1a);
p is 1 to 5, or 1 to 2, or 1;
Y and Y' are independently -O-, >NH, >NR3, or an imide group formed by taking together both Y and Y' groups in (1b) or two Y groups in (1a) and forming a R1-N< group between two >C=O groups;
X is independently -CH2-, >CHR4 or >CR4R5, >CHOR6, or >C(CO2R6)2, >C(OR6)CO2R6, >C(CH2OR6)CO2R6, -CH3, -CH2R4 or CHR4R5, -CH2OR6, or -CH(CO2R6)2, .ident.C-R6, or mixtures thereof to fulfill the valence of Formula (1a) and/or (1b), with the proviso that .ident.C-R6 only applies to Formula (1a);
R1 and R2 are independently hydrocarbyl groups, typically containing 1 to 150, 4 to 30, 6 to 20, 10 to 20, or 11 to 18 carbon atoms;
R3 is a hydrocarbyl group;
R4 and R5 are independently keto-containing groups (such as acyl groups), ester groups or hydrocarbyl groups; and R6 is independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group, typically containing 1 to 150 carbon atoms.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein Y and Y' are both -O-.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the ashless antiwear agent is derived from tartaric acid or citric acid.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the ashless antiwear agent is present at 0.05 to 10 wt %, or 0.1 to 5 wt % of the lubricating composition.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the lubricating composition is further characterised as having at least one of (i) a sulphur content of 0.8 wt % or less, (ii) a phosphorus content of 0.2 wt % or less, or (iii) a sulphated ash content of 2 wt % or less.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the lubricating composition is characterised as having (i) a sulphur content of 0.5 wt % or less, (ii) a phosphorus content of 0.1 wt % or less, and (iii) a sulphated ash content of 1.5 wt % or less.
10. The method of claim 1 further comprising at least one of a friction modifier, a viscosity modifier, an antioxidant, an overbased detergent, a succinimide dispersant, or mixtures thereof.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the friction modifier is selected from the group consisting of long chain fatty amides, long chain fatty esters, long chain fatty epoxide derivatives, long chain fatty imidazolines, and amine salts of alkylphosphoric acids.
12. The method of claim 1 further comprising a phosphorus-containing antiwear agent.
13. The method of claim 1 further comprising a molybdenum compound.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the molybdenum compound is selected from the group consisting of molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphates, molybdenum dithiocarbamates, amine salts of molybdenum compounds, and mixtures thereof.
15. The method of claim 13, wherein the molybdenum compound is present in an amount to provide 0.5 ppm to 2000 ppm, 1 pm to 700 ppm, or 20 ppm to 250 ppm of molybdenum.
16. The method of claim 1 further comprising an overbased detergent.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the overbased detergent is selected from the group consisting of non-sulphur-containing phenates, sulphur-containing phenates, sulphonates, salixarates, salicylates, and mixtures thereof.
18. A method of lubricating an internal combustion engine comprising an aluminium composite surface, the method comprising supplying to the aluminium composite surface a lubricating composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and an ashless, phosphorus-free, sulphur-free antiwear agent.
19. The use of a lubricating composition comprising an ashless, phosphorus-free, sulphur-free antiwear agent to lubricate an aluminium composite surface.
20. The use of a lubricating composition comprising an ashless, phosphorus-free, sulphur-free antiwear agent to lubricate an internal combustion engine comprising an aluminium composite surface.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US93995107P | 2007-05-24 | 2007-05-24 | |
US60/939,951 | 2007-05-24 | ||
PCT/US2008/063663 WO2008147701A1 (en) | 2007-05-24 | 2008-05-15 | Method of lubricating-an aluminium silicate composite surface with a lubricant comprising ashless, sulphur, phosphorus free antiwear agent |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CA2688094A1 true CA2688094A1 (en) | 2008-12-04 |
CA2688094C CA2688094C (en) | 2017-07-04 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CA2688094A Active CA2688094C (en) | 2007-05-24 | 2008-05-15 | Method of lubricating an aluminium silicate composite surface with a lubricant comprising ashless, sulphur, phosphorus free antiwear agent |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20100190669A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2152837B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5764326B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101679897A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2688094C (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008147701A1 (en) |
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KR20110026524A (en) * | 2008-07-10 | 2011-03-15 | 더루우브리졸코오포레이션 | Carboxylic acid derivatives as friction modifiers in fuels |
CN101945981A (en) * | 2008-12-05 | 2011-01-12 | 卢布里佐尔公司 | Be used for the marine diesel cylinder lubrication agent of improved fuel efficiency |
CA2752682A1 (en) | 2009-02-18 | 2010-08-26 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Composition containing ester compounds and a method of lubricating an internal combustion engine |
BR112012003702A2 (en) * | 2009-08-18 | 2019-09-24 | Lubrizol Corp | lubricating composition containing an antiwear agent |
WO2011022245A1 (en) * | 2009-08-18 | 2011-02-24 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricating composition containing an antiwear agent |
EP2467457B1 (en) * | 2009-08-18 | 2015-07-22 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricating composition containing an antiwear agent |
CA2772243A1 (en) * | 2009-08-18 | 2011-02-24 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Antiwear composition and method of lubricating an internal combustion engine |
MY161182A (en) * | 2010-06-25 | 2017-04-14 | Castrol Ltd | Uses and compositions |
CN103270145B (en) | 2010-08-31 | 2015-06-10 | 路博润公司 | Lubricating composition containing an antiwear agent |
WO2012056191A1 (en) | 2010-10-26 | 2012-05-03 | Castrol Limited | Non-aqueous lubricant and fuel compositions comprising fatty acid esters of hydroxy- carboxylic acids, and uses thereof |
WO2012087773A1 (en) | 2010-12-21 | 2012-06-28 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricating composition containing an antiwear agent |
AU2011349660B2 (en) | 2010-12-21 | 2017-03-09 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricating composition containing a detergent |
US20140107000A1 (en) * | 2011-05-26 | 2014-04-17 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Stabilized blends containing antioxidants |
CN103717720A (en) | 2011-08-03 | 2014-04-09 | 出光兴产株式会社 | Lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engine |
CN104204164A (en) * | 2012-03-21 | 2014-12-10 | 出光兴产株式会社 | Lubricating oil composition for aluminum alloy engine and lubricating method |
PL2864458T3 (en) | 2012-06-20 | 2017-10-31 | Castrol Ltd | Friction modifier and their use in lubricants and fuels |
WO2013189675A1 (en) | 2012-06-20 | 2013-12-27 | Castrol Limited | Friction modifier and their use in lubricants and fuels |
CA2913176A1 (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2014-12-04 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Synergistic additive combination for industrial gear oils |
US10190072B2 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2019-01-29 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Method for improving engine fuel efficiency |
US9885004B2 (en) | 2013-12-23 | 2018-02-06 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Method for improving engine fuel efficiency |
EP3158032B1 (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2022-09-14 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Motorcycle engine lubricant |
US9879198B2 (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2018-01-30 | Santolubes Llc | Low shear strength lubricating fluids |
RU2768169C2 (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2022-03-23 | Шелл Интернэшнл Рисерч Маатсхаппий Б.В. | Lubricating composition |
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FR2512458A1 (en) | 1981-09-10 | 1983-03-11 | Lubrizol Corp | COMPOSITIONS, CONCENTRATES, LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR INCREASING FUEL SAVINGS IN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES |
US4692257A (en) * | 1981-09-22 | 1987-09-08 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Borated hydroxy-containing compositions and lubricants containing same |
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US20050261142A1 (en) * | 2004-05-18 | 2005-11-24 | The Lubrizol Corporation, A Corporation Of The State Of Ohio | Polymeric dispersant viscosity modifier composition |
US20060025315A1 (en) * | 2004-07-30 | 2006-02-02 | Rebecca Oldfield | Method for lubricating surfaces |
US7651987B2 (en) * | 2004-10-12 | 2010-01-26 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Tartaric acid derivatives as fuel economy improvers and antiwear agents in crankcase oils and preparation thereof |
US8123934B2 (en) * | 2008-06-18 | 2012-02-28 | Chevron U.S.A., Inc. | System and method for pretreatment of solid carbonaceous material |
-
2008
- 2008-05-15 WO PCT/US2008/063663 patent/WO2008147701A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-05-15 JP JP2010509452A patent/JP5764326B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-05-15 EP EP08755501.7A patent/EP2152837B1/en active Active
- 2008-05-15 US US12/598,052 patent/US20100190669A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-05-15 CN CN200880017053A patent/CN101679897A/en active Pending
- 2008-05-15 CA CA2688094A patent/CA2688094C/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP5764326B2 (en) | 2015-08-19 |
WO2008147701A1 (en) | 2008-12-04 |
US20100190669A1 (en) | 2010-07-29 |
CA2688094C (en) | 2017-07-04 |
EP2152837B1 (en) | 2014-07-09 |
CN101679897A (en) | 2010-03-24 |
EP2152837A1 (en) | 2010-02-17 |
JP2010528155A (en) | 2010-08-19 |
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