CA2677323A1 - Method and means of repairing a pipe - Google Patents
Method and means of repairing a pipe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2677323A1 CA2677323A1 CA002677323A CA2677323A CA2677323A1 CA 2677323 A1 CA2677323 A1 CA 2677323A1 CA 002677323 A CA002677323 A CA 002677323A CA 2677323 A CA2677323 A CA 2677323A CA 2677323 A1 CA2677323 A1 CA 2677323A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- semi
- bodies
- circular
- sleeves
- flange
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Abstract
The invention relates to a permanent method of repairing leaking, damaged or weakened pipe by grit blasting the pipe (10), followed by wrapping it with a fibre reinforced composite material (12), then installing two half oversized steel sleeves (14). After that the non-gaseous matter is removed by fresh water and compressed air or inert gas. An epoxy or cementitious grout or a combination of both is finally injected into annular chamber (20) of the sleeves through pre-installed inlet port (16) and outlet port (18). The epoxy or cementitious is then allowed to cure. The means to seal the terminal end of steel sleeves includes a pair end flanges (32) matingly securable to a pair of terminator bodies (45).
Description
=, METHOD AND MEANS OF REPAIRING A PIPE
The invention relates to a method and means of repairing a pipe more particularly the invention relates to a niethod and means of repairing a damaged pipe without isolating tlie pipe or without stopping the flow of materials within the pipe.
Wlien pipe repairs are to be carried out, three main repair scenarios are normally encountered. This will include (i) pipes subject to external metal loss (caused by corrosion or mechanical damage), (ii) pipes subject to intemal nietal loss (caused by corrosion. erosion or erosion/corrosion) and (iii) piping components that are leaking. In addition to these niain repair scenarios, the extent of the deterioration or dama2e (i.e. localized or extensive) has also to be considered when choosing the repair methods and repair components.
Curreni repair methods include clamps (localized repairs) and specialized connector-s with sleeves (extensive repairs). It is equally possible to encircle the cictective area \rith close iit metallic sleeves whicli are Nvelded together.
This.
hu\\e\er. has io he seal \Nclded. 'l'hese methods could cause weld induced dama2e or material property chanues on the pipe being repaired. hI imder-~vater conditions this may requir-e specialisl habilals to carry out hyperbaric welding. This can prove costly and can pose additional dangers. Welding on live pipelines poses further additional dangers.
Condition and extent of damage of the pipe essentially dictates the type of repairs to be carried out. 11' the external surtace is damaged to the extent that an elastomeric seal cannot provide sufficient sealing forces in the immediate vicinity of' the damage, or in the relatively unaffected areas adjacent to the major damage (these areas being used to effect the sealing forces of 'stand'-off repair clamps), the external pipe surface may need to be re-installed using some form of filler material.
Developments using epoxy-filled steel sleeves have been shown to accommodate such areas of extensive damage and have applications for a whole range of defects including corrosion, non- propagating cracks, dents or- gouges in both axial and circuniferential orientation, and girtli weld associated anomalies. The epoxy-filled sleeve repair technique is typically recommended on areas operating below 100barg with temperatures not exceeding 100 C. lt was assunied that epoxy filled sleeves can be used lior leak containment. However in various tests conducted it has been found that the sleeves were only able to contain leaks below 40barg. Additional tests were conducted to determine if puniping epoxy and allowing it to cure under pressure i.e. in equilihrium pressure (to that witliin the pipe) would produce better results.
The tests prove tliat higher pressures are obtained but in practical terms this will involve de-rating the pipe or suspending production and could prove costly for operators.
There is a need therefore to develop a method where the pipes can be repaired without de-rating the pipe or suspending the t}iroughput of the pipe.
The prioi- art method is expensive in that heavy duty connectors dimensioned to Gt the daniaged pipes, need to be provided. Such connectors are expensive and take substantial man-hours to design. manufacture and assenible. The prior art coniposite iibre \N -raps which has a pressure limit not exceeding 40 barg. When the axial pressure exceeds 40bar -, or when used in isolation are considered temporary repairs.
The invention discloses a permanent niethod of repairing or reinforcing a weakened area in a pipeline section. The method includes removing rust, old coating and other unwanted surlace blemishes by grit blasting. Then the leaking, damaged or weakened surface are wrapped with at least one layer of reinforced composite wrap material.
The coniposite wrap is left to cure. If necessary, to further mechanically strengthen the affected portion of the pipeline, the pipeline in the affected areas is encapsulated by sleeves. Optionally, a wear plate can be placed between the affected portion of the pipeline and the composite wrap material. Two half oversized steel sleeves are installed over tlie pipe section and bolted together or seal welded together and thus forniing an annular. chamber. Non gaseous matter in the annular chamber is removed by flushing witli fresh water and followed by flushing with inert gas or atmospheric air. Load bearing epoxy or cementitious grout with high compressive strength in excess of I I OMpa or a combination of both separated by chambers is then introduced into annular chaniber. Finally the grout / combination of ~rout is allowed to cure. The above invention is used for pipelines submerged in water or sea. Alternatively the same method can be done for pipelines on land except the procedures are modified where by the two half oversized steel sleeves can be welded together and the flushing with fresh water will no longer be required. The unwanted matter can be flushed out using compressed air or inert gas.
In another aspect, the invention discloses a means to seal the terminal ends of the two half oversized sleeves, positionable on the external circumferential side of affected riser pipes. The means comprises of a pair of flange bodies integral to the two half oversized sleeves and a pair of terminator bodies. Each flange body includes a semi-circular collar with a plurality of bores thereon and a semi-circular lip. The terminator body includes a semi-circular collar with a plurality of bores thereon, and a semi-circular recess structured and configured to receive the semi-circular lip. A graphite body is introduceable into the semi-circular recess. The terminator body is secured against the flange body by tightening of nuts and bolts introduced between the bores (apertures) in the flange body and the terminator body.
In another aspect, the flange ends of the two half oversized steel sleeves are serrated along the longitudinal axis and sheets of PTFE body is placed between the two steel sleeves before the steel sleeves are bolted together by nuts and bolts.
Accordingly, in one aspect of the present invention there is provided a means to seal terminal end of two half oversized sleeves positionable on the external circumferential side of pipes comprising: a pair of flange bodies; and a pair of terminator bodies;
wherein the flange bodies are integral to the two half oversized sleeves; wherein each flange body includes a semi-circular collar with a plurality of bores thereon, a wing with an aperture and a semi-circular lip; wherein each terminator body includes a semi-circular collar with a plurality of bores thereon, a wing with an aperture and a semi-circular recess dimensioned and configured to receive the semi-circular lip; and wherein two semi-circular graphite bodies are introduceable into the semi-circular recess, and the two flange bodies and the two terminator bodies are securable together and the terminator body is thereafter securable against the flange body by the tightening of nuts and bolts introduced between the bores on the flange body and terminator body.
3a Accordingly, in yet another aspect of the present invention there is provided a means to seal terminal end of two half oversized sleeves positionable on the external circumferential side of pipes comprising: a pair of flange bodies; and a pair of terminator bodies; wherein the flange bodies are integral to the two half oversized sleeves; wherein each terminator body includes a semi-circular collar with a plurality of bores thereon, a wing with an aperture and a semi-circular lip; wherein each flange body includes a semi-circular collar with a plurality of bores thereon, a wing with an aperture and a semi-circular recess dimensioned and configured to receive the semi-circular lip; and wherein two semi-circular graphite bodies are introduceable into the semi-circular recess, and the two flange bodies and the two terrninator bodies are securable together and the terminator body is thereafter securable against the flange body by the tightening of nuts and bolts introduced between the bores on the flange body and terminator body.
The invention will be described in reference to a preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the following diagrams Figure 1 shows a leaking. damaged or weakened surface area and the area beyond the leaking, damaged or weakened surface portion of pipeline is to be grit blasted.
Figure 2 shows a leaking, damaged or weakened surface area wrapped with fibre reinforced wrap.
Figure 3A shows longitudinal cross-sectional views of a pipe being repaired with a wear plate and wrap around fibre reinforced wrapped. Figure 3B shows a cross sectional view of pipe in Figure 4.
The invention relates to a method and means of repairing a pipe more particularly the invention relates to a niethod and means of repairing a damaged pipe without isolating tlie pipe or without stopping the flow of materials within the pipe.
Wlien pipe repairs are to be carried out, three main repair scenarios are normally encountered. This will include (i) pipes subject to external metal loss (caused by corrosion or mechanical damage), (ii) pipes subject to intemal nietal loss (caused by corrosion. erosion or erosion/corrosion) and (iii) piping components that are leaking. In addition to these niain repair scenarios, the extent of the deterioration or dama2e (i.e. localized or extensive) has also to be considered when choosing the repair methods and repair components.
Curreni repair methods include clamps (localized repairs) and specialized connector-s with sleeves (extensive repairs). It is equally possible to encircle the cictective area \rith close iit metallic sleeves whicli are Nvelded together.
This.
hu\\e\er. has io he seal \Nclded. 'l'hese methods could cause weld induced dama2e or material property chanues on the pipe being repaired. hI imder-~vater conditions this may requir-e specialisl habilals to carry out hyperbaric welding. This can prove costly and can pose additional dangers. Welding on live pipelines poses further additional dangers.
Condition and extent of damage of the pipe essentially dictates the type of repairs to be carried out. 11' the external surtace is damaged to the extent that an elastomeric seal cannot provide sufficient sealing forces in the immediate vicinity of' the damage, or in the relatively unaffected areas adjacent to the major damage (these areas being used to effect the sealing forces of 'stand'-off repair clamps), the external pipe surface may need to be re-installed using some form of filler material.
Developments using epoxy-filled steel sleeves have been shown to accommodate such areas of extensive damage and have applications for a whole range of defects including corrosion, non- propagating cracks, dents or- gouges in both axial and circuniferential orientation, and girtli weld associated anomalies. The epoxy-filled sleeve repair technique is typically recommended on areas operating below 100barg with temperatures not exceeding 100 C. lt was assunied that epoxy filled sleeves can be used lior leak containment. However in various tests conducted it has been found that the sleeves were only able to contain leaks below 40barg. Additional tests were conducted to determine if puniping epoxy and allowing it to cure under pressure i.e. in equilihrium pressure (to that witliin the pipe) would produce better results.
The tests prove tliat higher pressures are obtained but in practical terms this will involve de-rating the pipe or suspending production and could prove costly for operators.
There is a need therefore to develop a method where the pipes can be repaired without de-rating the pipe or suspending the t}iroughput of the pipe.
The prioi- art method is expensive in that heavy duty connectors dimensioned to Gt the daniaged pipes, need to be provided. Such connectors are expensive and take substantial man-hours to design. manufacture and assenible. The prior art coniposite iibre \N -raps which has a pressure limit not exceeding 40 barg. When the axial pressure exceeds 40bar -, or when used in isolation are considered temporary repairs.
The invention discloses a permanent niethod of repairing or reinforcing a weakened area in a pipeline section. The method includes removing rust, old coating and other unwanted surlace blemishes by grit blasting. Then the leaking, damaged or weakened surface are wrapped with at least one layer of reinforced composite wrap material.
The coniposite wrap is left to cure. If necessary, to further mechanically strengthen the affected portion of the pipeline, the pipeline in the affected areas is encapsulated by sleeves. Optionally, a wear plate can be placed between the affected portion of the pipeline and the composite wrap material. Two half oversized steel sleeves are installed over tlie pipe section and bolted together or seal welded together and thus forniing an annular. chamber. Non gaseous matter in the annular chamber is removed by flushing witli fresh water and followed by flushing with inert gas or atmospheric air. Load bearing epoxy or cementitious grout with high compressive strength in excess of I I OMpa or a combination of both separated by chambers is then introduced into annular chaniber. Finally the grout / combination of ~rout is allowed to cure. The above invention is used for pipelines submerged in water or sea. Alternatively the same method can be done for pipelines on land except the procedures are modified where by the two half oversized steel sleeves can be welded together and the flushing with fresh water will no longer be required. The unwanted matter can be flushed out using compressed air or inert gas.
In another aspect, the invention discloses a means to seal the terminal ends of the two half oversized sleeves, positionable on the external circumferential side of affected riser pipes. The means comprises of a pair of flange bodies integral to the two half oversized sleeves and a pair of terminator bodies. Each flange body includes a semi-circular collar with a plurality of bores thereon and a semi-circular lip. The terminator body includes a semi-circular collar with a plurality of bores thereon, and a semi-circular recess structured and configured to receive the semi-circular lip. A graphite body is introduceable into the semi-circular recess. The terminator body is secured against the flange body by tightening of nuts and bolts introduced between the bores (apertures) in the flange body and the terminator body.
In another aspect, the flange ends of the two half oversized steel sleeves are serrated along the longitudinal axis and sheets of PTFE body is placed between the two steel sleeves before the steel sleeves are bolted together by nuts and bolts.
Accordingly, in one aspect of the present invention there is provided a means to seal terminal end of two half oversized sleeves positionable on the external circumferential side of pipes comprising: a pair of flange bodies; and a pair of terminator bodies;
wherein the flange bodies are integral to the two half oversized sleeves; wherein each flange body includes a semi-circular collar with a plurality of bores thereon, a wing with an aperture and a semi-circular lip; wherein each terminator body includes a semi-circular collar with a plurality of bores thereon, a wing with an aperture and a semi-circular recess dimensioned and configured to receive the semi-circular lip; and wherein two semi-circular graphite bodies are introduceable into the semi-circular recess, and the two flange bodies and the two terminator bodies are securable together and the terminator body is thereafter securable against the flange body by the tightening of nuts and bolts introduced between the bores on the flange body and terminator body.
3a Accordingly, in yet another aspect of the present invention there is provided a means to seal terminal end of two half oversized sleeves positionable on the external circumferential side of pipes comprising: a pair of flange bodies; and a pair of terminator bodies; wherein the flange bodies are integral to the two half oversized sleeves; wherein each terminator body includes a semi-circular collar with a plurality of bores thereon, a wing with an aperture and a semi-circular lip; wherein each flange body includes a semi-circular collar with a plurality of bores thereon, a wing with an aperture and a semi-circular recess dimensioned and configured to receive the semi-circular lip; and wherein two semi-circular graphite bodies are introduceable into the semi-circular recess, and the two flange bodies and the two terrninator bodies are securable together and the terminator body is thereafter securable against the flange body by the tightening of nuts and bolts introduced between the bores on the flange body and terminator body.
The invention will be described in reference to a preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the following diagrams Figure 1 shows a leaking. damaged or weakened surface area and the area beyond the leaking, damaged or weakened surface portion of pipeline is to be grit blasted.
Figure 2 shows a leaking, damaged or weakened surface area wrapped with fibre reinforced wrap.
Figure 3A shows longitudinal cross-sectional views of a pipe being repaired with a wear plate and wrap around fibre reinforced wrapped. Figure 3B shows a cross sectional view of pipe in Figure 4.
Figure 4 shows an enclosure of the surface area with two half oversized steel sleeves with inlet and outlet port. (Details of bolts and nuts or welds not shown).
Figure 5 shows diagrammatic longitudinal and cross-sectional views of a pipe being repaired with a wear plate (optional) wrapped around fibre reinforced wrap, enclosed in sleeves with annular chamber filled with grout.
Figure 6 shows a cut away perspective view of a pipe being repaired with half sleeves and terminating means Figure 7 shows a radial cross-sectional view of the pipe shown in Figure 6.
Figure 8 shows a detailed partial sectional view of the seal wings of the sleeves.
Figure 9 shows a sectional view of the terminating means.
Figure 10 shows details of graphite ring splice.
The surface of a damaged/deteriorated pipe (20) is prepared first by grit blasting to remove rust and remnants of old coating. Grit blasting is known as one of abrasive blasting. The blasting of the pipe (20) is carried out by sweep blasting using fine abrasives not containing iron (e.g. garnet, aluminum oxide), glass pearls or stainless steel shot.
Maximum speed and most effective cleaning is obtained by systematic blasting.
Work is blocked out in 30cm squares and each square blasted evenly until complete. A
minimum of 25mm into any adjacent coated area is continued by blasting and the edges are feathered.
Then the thinned down, leaking or affected area is wrapped around with a fibre reinforced composite wrap (21) capable of curing under water and standing pressure. Example of a wrap is a fiberglass cloth pre-impregnated with a resin that can be activated by salt or fresh water. (Fig. 2) Optionally, wear plates (23) can be used in addition to the fiberglass wrappings to reduce the risk of damage due to corrosion and erosion. (see Fig. 3). The fiberglass as sourced is packaged in a hermetically sealed foil pouch, it is ready to use and does not require any measuring or Ynixing.
It has an initial settling time of only 30 minutes (24 C). Preferably the fiberglass should be spirally wrapped with overlapping layers. The number of wraps depends upon the operating pressure desired; the greater the pressure the more wraps. Once the wrap is cured, it is preferable to control blast to create an anchor pattern for the epoxy or grout to be subsequently injected.
The above described embodiment is acceptable for temporary repairs of affected 5 riser pipes. To provide a more permanent solution, a further strengthening of the affected area of the riser is required.
Two half oversized matingly engageable steel sleeves (22) are then installed covering and extending to beyond the deteriorated part of a pipe (20) (Fig.
5). The extension of the sleeves (22) beyond the deteriorated part of the pipe is to cater for axial loads of the material transported within the pipe. The sleeves are welded or bolted together around and beyond the damaged/deteriorated or corroded area. When the sleeves are secured together by nuts and bolts, then one surface of the flange of each sleeve is serrated all along one side of the length of the sleeves (see Fig.
8). A strip of PTFE is placed between the serrated surface before the sleeves are secured together. The ends of the sleeves are capped. The sleeves are with inlet (16) and outlet (18) port at the ends. The sleeves are dimensioned to allow an annular chamber (25) between the original pipe(20) and the sleeves(22). Upon installation of the sleeves the ends are capped using either fast epoxy curing resins or elastomeric seals (27) which are compressed when the sleeves are bolted or welded together or secured by other known means in the art.
The annulus gap typically will range from 12.7mm to perhaps maximum of 76.2mm and will be dependent upon surface condition of the effected area i.e.
dents, weld protrusions, out of dimension pipe etc. The size of the annulus shall be calculated to provide sufficient sheer and axial load carrying capacity. In addition grout (29) can be formulated with additives or aggregates to either insulate the pipe (reduce thermal shock especially at the splash zone) or to reduce shrinkage of the epoxy.
All ambient water present in the annular chamber (25) should be discharged by means of the application of compressed air or other inert gas with a pressure not exceeding 9.7 bar (140psi) entering through the inlet port (16) and allowing discharge through the outlet port (18)_ The maximum pressure stated is for indicative purposes only and is dependent upon the capacity of the end seals.
Upon removal of all ambient water from the annular chamber (25) by means of compressed air or inert gas, the annular chamber (25) is flushed with fresh water:
The fresh water is injected from the inlet port (16) and allowed to exit at the outlet pbrt (18). The fresh water is pumped at a pressure not exceeding 9.7bar (I
40ps)). The procedure is continued until complete discharge of all contaminants. Upon completion of the above, the fresh water is discharged by means of introduction of inert gas. This procedure is continued until all moisture is discharged from the annular chamber (25).
The pressure in the annular chamber (25) during the injection of the inert gas shall not exceed 9.7 bar (140psi).
Finally a load bearing grout capable of curing under water is then injected into annular chamber (25) of the sleeves through the pre-installed inlet and outlet pori (16, 18). The maximwn injection pressure shall not exceed 9.7bar (140ps)).
Load bearing filler material used in this present invention is either epoxy based or cementitious grout. The epoxy should have low viscosity, designed for application with automatic meter, mix and dispense pressure injection equipment. The physical properties allow its use in applications requiring high load bearing strength and excellent adhesion under adverse application conditions. It should have a long working life and low exotherm reaction (minimal heat generation during cure that make it suitable for applications where a relatively large mass of adhesive is employed. Preferably the epoxy should have a high degree of chemical and radiation resistance attainable in the ambient temperature. The injected epoxy is left to cure in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations.
The cementitious grout should have high compressive strength and should be pumpable and similarly should be left to cure as per manufacturer's recommendations. The epoxy / grout completely integrates the sleeves (22) and the existing pipe (20) providing additional structural reinforcement. The sleeves (22) isolate the pipe thus preventing further external corrosion and being bonded to the pipe (20) further strengthens the pipe. The fibre reinforced wrap (21) contains leaks within corroded area and in conjunction with the load bearing grout (29) contains the hoop stresses experienced by the pipe. The axial loads are contained by making sleeves longer than the affected area.
In another aspect of the invention, there is disclosed a pair of end flanges integrally secured to the pair of matingly engageable steel sleeves and a pair of independent terminal flanges, which are matingly engageable to the said end flanges (see Fig. 6). It will be appreciated that instead of terminal ends of the matingly engageable steel sleeves being sealed by means of curing resins or elastimeric Seals, metal flanges are used to provide more secure end sealing effect.
Referring to Fig 6, there is shown a sectional view of a riser/pipeline (20) to which is secured a pair of half sleeve pipes (22). Each half sleeve pipe (22) is a dianieter larger than the diameter of the intended riser / pipeline (20) which it is proposed to cover. The half sleeve includes a flange (24) at the terminal edges, said flange extending throughout the length of the half sleeve. Each of the half sleeve pipes includes a longitudinal serrated strip (26) extending throughout the length. The longitudinal serrated strip is designed to secure a longitudinal seal (28), such as an elastomeric seal (such as PTFE), copper seal or any other seal capable of being compressed between the two half sleeves to prevent leakage of materials contained within the two half sleeves when assembled together. The flanges include a plurality of spaced apart apertures (28) to accommodate nuts and bolts which are used to connect the two half sleeves.
Instead of the two half sleeves being secured together by means of flanges (24), it is possible to secure the half sleeves by welding along the edges. In this embodiment, there is no need for flanges at the half sleeves, neither is there a need for longitudinal serrated strips on the flanges.
Figure 5 shows diagrammatic longitudinal and cross-sectional views of a pipe being repaired with a wear plate (optional) wrapped around fibre reinforced wrap, enclosed in sleeves with annular chamber filled with grout.
Figure 6 shows a cut away perspective view of a pipe being repaired with half sleeves and terminating means Figure 7 shows a radial cross-sectional view of the pipe shown in Figure 6.
Figure 8 shows a detailed partial sectional view of the seal wings of the sleeves.
Figure 9 shows a sectional view of the terminating means.
Figure 10 shows details of graphite ring splice.
The surface of a damaged/deteriorated pipe (20) is prepared first by grit blasting to remove rust and remnants of old coating. Grit blasting is known as one of abrasive blasting. The blasting of the pipe (20) is carried out by sweep blasting using fine abrasives not containing iron (e.g. garnet, aluminum oxide), glass pearls or stainless steel shot.
Maximum speed and most effective cleaning is obtained by systematic blasting.
Work is blocked out in 30cm squares and each square blasted evenly until complete. A
minimum of 25mm into any adjacent coated area is continued by blasting and the edges are feathered.
Then the thinned down, leaking or affected area is wrapped around with a fibre reinforced composite wrap (21) capable of curing under water and standing pressure. Example of a wrap is a fiberglass cloth pre-impregnated with a resin that can be activated by salt or fresh water. (Fig. 2) Optionally, wear plates (23) can be used in addition to the fiberglass wrappings to reduce the risk of damage due to corrosion and erosion. (see Fig. 3). The fiberglass as sourced is packaged in a hermetically sealed foil pouch, it is ready to use and does not require any measuring or Ynixing.
It has an initial settling time of only 30 minutes (24 C). Preferably the fiberglass should be spirally wrapped with overlapping layers. The number of wraps depends upon the operating pressure desired; the greater the pressure the more wraps. Once the wrap is cured, it is preferable to control blast to create an anchor pattern for the epoxy or grout to be subsequently injected.
The above described embodiment is acceptable for temporary repairs of affected 5 riser pipes. To provide a more permanent solution, a further strengthening of the affected area of the riser is required.
Two half oversized matingly engageable steel sleeves (22) are then installed covering and extending to beyond the deteriorated part of a pipe (20) (Fig.
5). The extension of the sleeves (22) beyond the deteriorated part of the pipe is to cater for axial loads of the material transported within the pipe. The sleeves are welded or bolted together around and beyond the damaged/deteriorated or corroded area. When the sleeves are secured together by nuts and bolts, then one surface of the flange of each sleeve is serrated all along one side of the length of the sleeves (see Fig.
8). A strip of PTFE is placed between the serrated surface before the sleeves are secured together. The ends of the sleeves are capped. The sleeves are with inlet (16) and outlet (18) port at the ends. The sleeves are dimensioned to allow an annular chamber (25) between the original pipe(20) and the sleeves(22). Upon installation of the sleeves the ends are capped using either fast epoxy curing resins or elastomeric seals (27) which are compressed when the sleeves are bolted or welded together or secured by other known means in the art.
The annulus gap typically will range from 12.7mm to perhaps maximum of 76.2mm and will be dependent upon surface condition of the effected area i.e.
dents, weld protrusions, out of dimension pipe etc. The size of the annulus shall be calculated to provide sufficient sheer and axial load carrying capacity. In addition grout (29) can be formulated with additives or aggregates to either insulate the pipe (reduce thermal shock especially at the splash zone) or to reduce shrinkage of the epoxy.
All ambient water present in the annular chamber (25) should be discharged by means of the application of compressed air or other inert gas with a pressure not exceeding 9.7 bar (140psi) entering through the inlet port (16) and allowing discharge through the outlet port (18)_ The maximum pressure stated is for indicative purposes only and is dependent upon the capacity of the end seals.
Upon removal of all ambient water from the annular chamber (25) by means of compressed air or inert gas, the annular chamber (25) is flushed with fresh water:
The fresh water is injected from the inlet port (16) and allowed to exit at the outlet pbrt (18). The fresh water is pumped at a pressure not exceeding 9.7bar (I
40ps)). The procedure is continued until complete discharge of all contaminants. Upon completion of the above, the fresh water is discharged by means of introduction of inert gas. This procedure is continued until all moisture is discharged from the annular chamber (25).
The pressure in the annular chamber (25) during the injection of the inert gas shall not exceed 9.7 bar (140psi).
Finally a load bearing grout capable of curing under water is then injected into annular chamber (25) of the sleeves through the pre-installed inlet and outlet pori (16, 18). The maximwn injection pressure shall not exceed 9.7bar (140ps)).
Load bearing filler material used in this present invention is either epoxy based or cementitious grout. The epoxy should have low viscosity, designed for application with automatic meter, mix and dispense pressure injection equipment. The physical properties allow its use in applications requiring high load bearing strength and excellent adhesion under adverse application conditions. It should have a long working life and low exotherm reaction (minimal heat generation during cure that make it suitable for applications where a relatively large mass of adhesive is employed. Preferably the epoxy should have a high degree of chemical and radiation resistance attainable in the ambient temperature. The injected epoxy is left to cure in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations.
The cementitious grout should have high compressive strength and should be pumpable and similarly should be left to cure as per manufacturer's recommendations. The epoxy / grout completely integrates the sleeves (22) and the existing pipe (20) providing additional structural reinforcement. The sleeves (22) isolate the pipe thus preventing further external corrosion and being bonded to the pipe (20) further strengthens the pipe. The fibre reinforced wrap (21) contains leaks within corroded area and in conjunction with the load bearing grout (29) contains the hoop stresses experienced by the pipe. The axial loads are contained by making sleeves longer than the affected area.
In another aspect of the invention, there is disclosed a pair of end flanges integrally secured to the pair of matingly engageable steel sleeves and a pair of independent terminal flanges, which are matingly engageable to the said end flanges (see Fig. 6). It will be appreciated that instead of terminal ends of the matingly engageable steel sleeves being sealed by means of curing resins or elastimeric Seals, metal flanges are used to provide more secure end sealing effect.
Referring to Fig 6, there is shown a sectional view of a riser/pipeline (20) to which is secured a pair of half sleeve pipes (22). Each half sleeve pipe (22) is a dianieter larger than the diameter of the intended riser / pipeline (20) which it is proposed to cover. The half sleeve includes a flange (24) at the terminal edges, said flange extending throughout the length of the half sleeve. Each of the half sleeve pipes includes a longitudinal serrated strip (26) extending throughout the length. The longitudinal serrated strip is designed to secure a longitudinal seal (28), such as an elastomeric seal (such as PTFE), copper seal or any other seal capable of being compressed between the two half sleeves to prevent leakage of materials contained within the two half sleeves when assembled together. The flanges include a plurality of spaced apart apertures (28) to accommodate nuts and bolts which are used to connect the two half sleeves.
Instead of the two half sleeves being secured together by means of flanges (24), it is possible to secure the half sleeves by welding along the edges. In this embodiment, there is no need for flanges at the half sleeves, neither is there a need for longitudinal serrated strips on the flanges.
Each terminal end of each half sleeve includes an end-flange body (32) integrated with the rest of the half sleeve. The end-flange body (32) includes a semi-circular collar (34) with spaced apart apertures (36). It further includes two flange portions (38,44) co-planar to the flange (24) in the rest of the sleeve. The said flange (38) includes apertures (40) to accommodate nuts and bolts when securing the end-flange body (32) to its appropriate end-flange body of the matingly engageable terminator body. Integral to the end-flange body is semi-circular lip (42) extending forward from the semi-collar (34).
The invention further includes a terminator body (45) structurally configured to be secured to the end-flange body (32). The terminator body (45) is independent and comprises of two identical halves to be secured to the two end-flange bodies (32).
Each terminator body (45) includes a semi-circular collar (46) with spaced apart apertures (48). It also includes two pairs of flanges (50, 52) each with an aperture (53). The flanges (50) are positioned in a manner such that two terminator bodies placed in mirror image to each other are securable to each other by nuts and bolts. The terminator body further includes semi-circular recess (54) dimensioned and configured to receive the semi-circular lip (42) from the end-flange body (32).
The working of the end connector comprising of the end-flange body and the terminator body will be described now. The half sleeve with the end-flange body (32) is positioned on the pre determined position of the riser pipe (20). The longitudinal seals (28) are placed in position along the longitudinal serrated strips. A
graphite ring (56) formed by two semi-circular graphite strips is placed in the semi-circular recess (54). Preferably the terminal edges of semi-circular graphite strips is obliquely cut to provide a more effective seal (see Fig. 10). Three mild steel rings (60, 62, 64) are positioned adjacent to graphite ring. The rings are provided to grevent any extrusion of graphite while compressing the graphite seal to activate. The half sleeves and the end-flange bodies are secured together by nut and bolt means (or altematively are welded together).
The invention further includes a terminator body (45) structurally configured to be secured to the end-flange body (32). The terminator body (45) is independent and comprises of two identical halves to be secured to the two end-flange bodies (32).
Each terminator body (45) includes a semi-circular collar (46) with spaced apart apertures (48). It also includes two pairs of flanges (50, 52) each with an aperture (53). The flanges (50) are positioned in a manner such that two terminator bodies placed in mirror image to each other are securable to each other by nuts and bolts. The terminator body further includes semi-circular recess (54) dimensioned and configured to receive the semi-circular lip (42) from the end-flange body (32).
The working of the end connector comprising of the end-flange body and the terminator body will be described now. The half sleeve with the end-flange body (32) is positioned on the pre determined position of the riser pipe (20). The longitudinal seals (28) are placed in position along the longitudinal serrated strips. A
graphite ring (56) formed by two semi-circular graphite strips is placed in the semi-circular recess (54). Preferably the terminal edges of semi-circular graphite strips is obliquely cut to provide a more effective seal (see Fig. 10). Three mild steel rings (60, 62, 64) are positioned adjacent to graphite ring. The rings are provided to grevent any extrusion of graphite while compressing the graphite seal to activate. The half sleeves and the end-flange bodies are secured together by nut and bolt means (or altematively are welded together).
After positioning the graphite ring (56), the terminator bodies (45) are placed in registration with the end-flange bodies and are compressed against the end-flange body to a desired conipression value to activate the graphite ring as a seal.
The graphite ring will change its shape during external compression and fi11 up voids and gaps if any in that area. At the same time, the density of the graphite ring will increase due to additional compression. The additional compression force required to compress the graphite ring is calculated based on the graphite manufacturer's recommendation and on field requirements. It will be appreciated that the terminator bodies (45) are compressed against and secured to the end- flanges by means of the plurality of nuts and bolts (58).
It will be appreciated that the provision of a semi-circular recess and a matingly engageable semi-circular lip can be present in the flange body and in temiinator body respectively instead as described above.
This invention is developed to solve problems presented by large, high temperature risers/pipes operating up to 100 C or higher, causing thermal shock at the splasli zone, failure of the protective coating; and the resulting accelerated corrosion.
The purpose of the invention is to provide a cost effective technology to repair and/or rehabilitate these pipelines/risers operating at high pressures without suspending production, and to solve the problems caused by the accelerated rates of corrosion.
The advantages of this invention are it does not require de-rating of pipeline or suspending production; it does not require expensive heavy duty connectors to take the axial loads or to contain leaks via seals normally incorporated within the connectors; does not require welding on the pipe to be repaired; and it overcomes the limitations of epoxy sleeves and fibre reinforced wraps used independently.
The above invention is used for pipelines submerged in water or sea.
Alternatively the same method can be done for pipelines on land except the procedures are modified whereby the two half oversized steel sleeves can be welded together and the flushing with fresh water will no longer be required. The unwanted matter can be flushed out using compressed air or inert gas.
The graphite ring will change its shape during external compression and fi11 up voids and gaps if any in that area. At the same time, the density of the graphite ring will increase due to additional compression. The additional compression force required to compress the graphite ring is calculated based on the graphite manufacturer's recommendation and on field requirements. It will be appreciated that the terminator bodies (45) are compressed against and secured to the end- flanges by means of the plurality of nuts and bolts (58).
It will be appreciated that the provision of a semi-circular recess and a matingly engageable semi-circular lip can be present in the flange body and in temiinator body respectively instead as described above.
This invention is developed to solve problems presented by large, high temperature risers/pipes operating up to 100 C or higher, causing thermal shock at the splasli zone, failure of the protective coating; and the resulting accelerated corrosion.
The purpose of the invention is to provide a cost effective technology to repair and/or rehabilitate these pipelines/risers operating at high pressures without suspending production, and to solve the problems caused by the accelerated rates of corrosion.
The advantages of this invention are it does not require de-rating of pipeline or suspending production; it does not require expensive heavy duty connectors to take the axial loads or to contain leaks via seals normally incorporated within the connectors; does not require welding on the pipe to be repaired; and it overcomes the limitations of epoxy sleeves and fibre reinforced wraps used independently.
The above invention is used for pipelines submerged in water or sea.
Alternatively the same method can be done for pipelines on land except the procedures are modified whereby the two half oversized steel sleeves can be welded together and the flushing with fresh water will no longer be required. The unwanted matter can be flushed out using compressed air or inert gas.
Claims (8)
1. A means to seal terminal end of two half oversized sleeves positionable on the external circumferential side of pipes comprising:
a pair of flange bodies; and a pair of terminator bodies;
wherein the flange bodies are integral to the two half oversized sleeves;
wherein each flange body includes a semi-circular collar with a plurality of bores thereon, a wing with an aperture and a semi-circular lip;
wherein each terminator body includes a semi-circular collar with a plurality of bores thereon, a wing with an aperture and a semi-circular recess dimensioned and configured to receive the semi-circular lip; and wherein two semi-circular graphite bodies are introduceable into the semi-circular recess, and the two flange bodies and the two terminator bodies are securable together and the terminator body is thereafter securable against the flange body by the tightening of nuts and bolts introduced between the bores on the flange body and terminator body.
a pair of flange bodies; and a pair of terminator bodies;
wherein the flange bodies are integral to the two half oversized sleeves;
wherein each flange body includes a semi-circular collar with a plurality of bores thereon, a wing with an aperture and a semi-circular lip;
wherein each terminator body includes a semi-circular collar with a plurality of bores thereon, a wing with an aperture and a semi-circular recess dimensioned and configured to receive the semi-circular lip; and wherein two semi-circular graphite bodies are introduceable into the semi-circular recess, and the two flange bodies and the two terminator bodies are securable together and the terminator body is thereafter securable against the flange body by the tightening of nuts and bolts introduced between the bores on the flange body and terminator body.
2. A means to seal the terminal end of two half oversized sleeves as claimed in claim 1 wherein each of the two oversized sleeves includes on each side a flange with serrated strip.
3. A means to seal the terminal ends of two half oversized sleeves as claimed in claim 1 wherein at least one circular metallic clip is positionable in contact with the two semi-circular graphite bodies to prevent leakage of graphite outside the terminator bodies when subjected to compression pressure.
4. A means to seal the terminal end of two half oversized sleeves as claimed in claim 2 wherein a strip of teflon (PTFE) is placed between the serrated strips before the flanges are secured by nuts and bolts.
5. A means to seal terminal end of two half oversized sleeves positionable on the external circumferential side of pipes comprising:
a pair of flange bodies; and a pair of terminator bodies;
wherein the flange bodies are integral to the two half oversized sleeves;
wherein each terminator body includes a semi-circular collar with a plurality of bores thereon, a wing with an aperture and a semi-circular lip;
wherein each flange body includes a semi-circular collar with a plurality of bores thereon, a wing with an aperture and a semi-circular recess dimensioned and configured to receive the semi-circular lip; and wherein two semi-circular graphite bodies are introduceable into the semi-circular recess, and the two flange bodies and the two terminator bodies are securable together and the terminator body is thereafter securable against the flange body by the tightening of nuts and bolts introduced between the bores on the flange body and terminator body.
a pair of flange bodies; and a pair of terminator bodies;
wherein the flange bodies are integral to the two half oversized sleeves;
wherein each terminator body includes a semi-circular collar with a plurality of bores thereon, a wing with an aperture and a semi-circular lip;
wherein each flange body includes a semi-circular collar with a plurality of bores thereon, a wing with an aperture and a semi-circular recess dimensioned and configured to receive the semi-circular lip; and wherein two semi-circular graphite bodies are introduceable into the semi-circular recess, and the two flange bodies and the two terminator bodies are securable together and the terminator body is thereafter securable against the flange body by the tightening of nuts and bolts introduced between the bores on the flange body and terminator body.
6. A means to seal the terminal end of two half oversized sleeves as claimed in claim 5 wherein each of the two oversized sleeves includes on each side a flange with serrated strip.
7. A means to seal the terminal ends of two half oversized sleeves as claimed in claim 5 wherein at least one circular metallic clip is positionable in contact with the two semi-circular graphite bodies to prevent leakage of graphite outside the terminator bodies when subjected to compression pressure.
8. A means to seal the terminal end of two half oversized sleeves as claimed in claim 6 wherein a strip of teflon (PTFE) is placed between the serrated strips before the flanges are secured by nuts and bolts.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| MYPI20032723 | 2003-07-21 | ||
| MYPI20032723 MY135882A (en) | 2003-07-21 | 2003-07-21 | Method and means of repairing a pipe |
| CA 2473867 CA2473867C (en) | 2003-07-21 | 2004-07-13 | Method and means of repairing a pipe |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2473867 Division CA2473867C (en) | 2003-07-21 | 2004-07-13 | Method and means of repairing a pipe |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2677323A1 true CA2677323A1 (en) | 2005-01-21 |
Family
ID=34075074
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002677323A Abandoned CA2677323A1 (en) | 2003-07-21 | 2004-07-13 | Method and means of repairing a pipe |
| CA 2473867 Expired - Fee Related CA2473867C (en) | 2003-07-21 | 2004-07-13 | Method and means of repairing a pipe |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2473867 Expired - Fee Related CA2473867C (en) | 2003-07-21 | 2004-07-13 | Method and means of repairing a pipe |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (2) | CA2677323A1 (en) |
| MY (1) | MY135882A (en) |
-
2003
- 2003-07-21 MY MYPI20032723 patent/MY135882A/en unknown
-
2004
- 2004-07-13 CA CA002677323A patent/CA2677323A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-07-13 CA CA 2473867 patent/CA2473867C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2473867C (en) | 2011-11-08 |
| CA2473867A1 (en) | 2005-01-21 |
| MY135882A (en) | 2008-07-31 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US7168743B2 (en) | Means to seal terminal ends of pipe sleeves | |
| US7900655B2 (en) | Composite load transferring technique | |
| US6276401B1 (en) | High temperature composite pipe wrapping system | |
| RU2104439C1 (en) | Method of repair of local defects in pipe line | |
| AU666589B2 (en) | Methods for repairing pipe | |
| US20060272724A1 (en) | System and method for pipe repair using fiber wrap and polymeric resin | |
| US7673655B1 (en) | Composite wrap repair of internal defects | |
| WO2006060209A1 (en) | System and method for pipe repair | |
| RU174392U1 (en) | COMPOSITE CONE COUPLING | |
| RU2433936C2 (en) | Method to reinforce existing metal structure, method to reinforce pipes and method to attach branches to pipelines | |
| RU2191317C2 (en) | Method of pipeline repairs | |
| AU2001279981A1 (en) | Method of reinforcing an existing metal structure, method of reinforcing pipes and method of addition of spur lines to pipelines | |
| RU2374551C2 (en) | Method for repair of pipeline defects | |
| CA2473867C (en) | Method and means of repairing a pipe | |
| GB2402989A (en) | Sealing sleeve member parts disposed on pipe | |
| US8449800B2 (en) | Method of strengthening the connection between pipe sections in high pressure pipelines | |
| RU2251047C2 (en) | Method of repairing submerged pipeline | |
| RU2375632C1 (en) | Procedure of pipeline repair | |
| ZA200301430B (en) | Method of reinforcing an existing metal structure, method of reinforcing pipes and method of addition or spur lines to pipelines. | |
| RU2805717C1 (en) | Method of cold composite repair by permanent method of through defects in pipelines without changing pumping modes | |
| RU2213289C2 (en) | Method of repair of local defects in pipe lines | |
| US20230021427A1 (en) | Casing system and method for pipeline reinforcement and repair | |
| WO2022066209A1 (en) | A casing system and method for pipeline reinforcement and repair | |
| UA80511C2 (en) | Process of repair of defect sections of pipelines | |
| RU2378559C1 (en) | Device for pipeline repair |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Dead |
Effective date: 20130501 |