CA2668455C - Shock-proof electrical output devices - Google Patents
Shock-proof electrical output devices Download PDFInfo
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- CA2668455C CA2668455C CA 2668455 CA2668455A CA2668455C CA 2668455 C CA2668455 C CA 2668455C CA 2668455 CA2668455 CA 2668455 CA 2668455 A CA2668455 A CA 2668455A CA 2668455 C CA2668455 C CA 2668455C
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to underload or no-load
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a shock-proof electrical output device, which comprises a voltage converter, a current monitoring relay device, a latching relay device, and a changeover relay device.
Description
SHOCK-PROOF ELECTRICAL OUTPUT DEVICES
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] This invention relates generally to shock-proof electrical output devices, and more particularly to shock-proof electrical output devices that distinguish between an actual electrical load and a false load created, for example, by living beings coming in contact with the electrical output of the device, high voltage being available as output from the device only when an actual electrical load is presented at the output by an electrical device or other source of electrical load.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] This invention relates generally to shock-proof electrical output devices, and more particularly to shock-proof electrical output devices that distinguish between an actual electrical load and a false load created, for example, by living beings coming in contact with the electrical output of the device, high voltage being available as output from the device only when an actual electrical load is presented at the output by an electrical device or other source of electrical load.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Electrical receptacle outlets in walls and floors present serious hazards to the public. The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) estimates that 3,900 injuries associated with electrical receptacle outlets are treated in hospital emergency rooms each year. Approximately a third of these injuries occur when young children insert metal objects, such as hair pins and keys, into the outlet, resulting in electric shock or burn injuries to the hands or fingers, and, in many instances, death.
CPSC
also estimates that electric receptacles are involved in 5,300 fires annually, which claim, on average, 40 lives and injure 110 consumers. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop a cost-effective and shock proof electrical supply outlet that is able to distinguish an electrical device from a human being to prevent unnecessary physical suffering and death as well as economic losses.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0003] In accordance with one aspect of the invention, there is provided a device having a low voltage current output no-load mode and a high voltage current output load mode. The device includes an outlet having a positive terminal and a negative terminal, and a latching relay including a first switching contact and a second switching contact, the latching relay being configured to switch from a first state to a second state when the first switching contact is energized and configured to switch from the second state to the first state when the second switching contact is energized.
The latching relay is further configured to provide a low voltage current output when the first switching contact is energized. The device further includes a changeover relay including a third switching contact connected to the latching relay. The changeover relay is electrically connected to the outlet and configured, in the no-load mode, to receive low voltage current that flows across the outlet and to provide the received low voltage current to the latching relay first switching contact.
The changeover relay also is configured to switch the device from the no-load mode to the load mode when the third switching contact is energized by the low voltage current output from the latching relay. The changeover relay is further configured to receive a high voltage power input and connect to the high voltage power to the outlet in the load mode. The device further includes a current monitoring relay configured to provide low voltage power to energize the latching relay second switching contact when a load is removed from across the positive terminal and negative terminal.
CPSC
also estimates that electric receptacles are involved in 5,300 fires annually, which claim, on average, 40 lives and injure 110 consumers. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop a cost-effective and shock proof electrical supply outlet that is able to distinguish an electrical device from a human being to prevent unnecessary physical suffering and death as well as economic losses.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0003] In accordance with one aspect of the invention, there is provided a device having a low voltage current output no-load mode and a high voltage current output load mode. The device includes an outlet having a positive terminal and a negative terminal, and a latching relay including a first switching contact and a second switching contact, the latching relay being configured to switch from a first state to a second state when the first switching contact is energized and configured to switch from the second state to the first state when the second switching contact is energized.
The latching relay is further configured to provide a low voltage current output when the first switching contact is energized. The device further includes a changeover relay including a third switching contact connected to the latching relay. The changeover relay is electrically connected to the outlet and configured, in the no-load mode, to receive low voltage current that flows across the outlet and to provide the received low voltage current to the latching relay first switching contact.
The changeover relay also is configured to switch the device from the no-load mode to the load mode when the third switching contact is energized by the low voltage current output from the latching relay. The changeover relay is further configured to receive a high voltage power input and connect to the high voltage power to the outlet in the load mode. The device further includes a current monitoring relay configured to provide low voltage power to energize the latching relay second switching contact when a load is removed from across the positive terminal and negative terminal.
[0004] The device may include a voltage converter configured to convert a high voltage input from a high voltage power source into a low voltage output.
[0005] The low voltage output may be provided to the outlet when the device is in the no-load mode, and the high voltage input may be provided to the outlet when the device is in the load mode.
[0006] The voltage converter may include a transformer.
[0007] The latching relay may include two coils having the first and second switching contacts, or the changeover relay may include a coil having the third switching contact.
[0008] The current monitoring relay may include a fourth switching contact.
The current monitoring relay may be configured to output the low voltage power except when the fourth switching contact receives a current.
The current monitoring relay may be configured to output the low voltage power except when the fourth switching contact receives a current.
[0009] The latching relay may be configured to switch from the second state to the first state to stop providing the low voltage current output to the changeover relay in response to receiving the low voltage power from the current monitoring relay.
The changeover relay may be configured to switch the device from the load mode to the no-load mode when the low voltage current output from the latching relay to the third switching contact is stopped.
The changeover relay may be configured to switch the device from the load mode to the no-load mode when the low voltage current output from the latching relay to the third switching contact is stopped.
[0010] The current monitoring relay may further include a first lever contact and a second lever contact. The first and second lever contacts may be configured to connect in response to an electromagnetic pulse, wherein the current received by the fourth switching contact may flow through the connection of the first and second lever contacts.
[0011] The device may include four additional switching contacts. Each of the four additional switching contacts may be paired with a different one of the first, second, third, or fourth switching contacts, wherein the first, second, third, and fourth switching contacts are configured to energize when receiving a positive low voltage, and wherein the four additional switching contacts are supplied with a negative low voltage when the device is in the no-load mode.
[0011a] The changeover relay may further include three pairs of contacts. Each pair may include a common contact, a normally open contact, and a normally closed contact. The common contact and the normally closed contact of each pair may be connected when the changeover relay is in a first configuration, and the common contact and normally open contact of each pair may be connected when the changeover relay is in a second configuration. A first of the common contacts and a first of the normally closed contacts may provide connection between a low voltage output by a transformer and the outlet. A second of the common contacts and a second of the normally open contacts may provide connection between a low voltage output by the current monitoring relay and the latching relay. A third of the common contacts and a third of the normally closed contacts may provide a connection between the outlet and the first switching contact. The third of the common contacts and a third of the normally open contacts provides a connection between a high voltage source and the outlet, and the changeover relay may be configured to switch from the first configuration to the second configuration when the third switching contact receives the electrical output from the latching relay.
[0011b] The latching relay may further include a common contact, a first contact, and a second contact. The first state may comprise the common contact and the first contact being connected and the second state may include the common contact and the second contact being connected. The connection between the common contact and the second contact in the second state allows the low voltage output by the transformer to flow through the latching relay to the third switching contact.
[0011c] The current monitoring relay may include a transformer configured to step-down a supplied voltage.
[0011d] The latching relay further may include a first negative switching contact paired with the first switching contact, and a second negative switching contact paired with the second switching contact. The latching relay may be configured to switch between the first state and the second state when at least one of the first and second negative switching contacts is energized.
[0011e] The changeover relay may include a low-to-high/high-to-low voltage relay.
[0011f] The device may include a current overload disconnect connected between the outlet and the current monitoring relay.
[0011g] In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there is provided an electrical output device having sets of selectively connectable contacts, each set of selectively connectable contacts comprising a first contact, a second contact, and a common contact. The device includes an outlet having a positive terminal and a negative terminal, a voltage converter including a high voltage input and a low voltage output. The device further includes a current monitoring relay including a first set of selectively connectable contacts and a first pair of switching contacts. The common contact and the first contact of the first set are connected except when the first pair of switching contacts is energized. The common contact and the second contact of the first set are connected otherwise. A latching relay includes a second set of selectively connectable contacts and a second and third pair of switching contacts, wherein the common contact and the first contact of the second set are connected when the second pair of switching contacts is energized, and wherein the common contact and the second contact of the second set are connected when the third switching contact is energized. A changeover relay includes a third, fourth, and fifth set of selectively connectable contacts and a fourth pair of switching contacts, wherein the common contacts and the first contacts of the third, fourth, and fifth sets are connected except when the fourth pair of switching contacts is energized, and wherein the common contact and the second contact of the third, fourth, and fifth sets are connected otherwise. The low voltage output and the third switching contact are connected when a load is placed across the outlet. The low voltage output and the fourth switching contact are connected through the latching relay when the third switching contact is energized, and a high voltage power source and the outlet are connected through the changeover relay when the fourth switching contact is energized.
3a [0011h] The first switching contact may be energized when the load is present across the outlet, and the low voltage output and the second switching contact may be connected when the load is removed.
[0011i] The low voltage output and the outlet may be connected through the changeover relay when the second switching contact is energized.
[0011j] In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there is provided an electrical safety device, for connection between a high voltage electrical power source and an outlet. The device includes means for converting a high voltage from the electrical power source to a low voltage, and a first relay includes means for monitoring the voltage of current provided to the outlet and for providing a low voltage current output in the absence of a load being placed across the outlet. The device further includes a second relay comprising means for receiving the high voltage and the low voltage and for selectively outputting the high voltage to the outlet, and a third relay comprising means for toggling the receiving and outputting means to stop outputting the high voltage when the low voltage current output is received at the toggling means from the monitoring means.
[0011k] The toggling means may be configured to toggle the receiving and outputting means to start outputting the high voltage when a current is received at the toggling means from a load placed across the outlet.
[00111] The high voltage may be provided to the outlet only when a load is placed across the outlet, and wherein the low voltage is provided to the outlet otherwise.
[0011m] The low voltage current may be received by the toggling means and the current received from a load placed across the outlet by the toggling means may pass through the receiving and outputting means before being received by the toggling means.
[0011n] The high voltage may be in a range of approximately 30 VAC to approximately 600 VAC, and wherein the low voltage may be in a range being more than zero and less than approximately 30 volts DC or AC.
[00110] The converting means may include a transformer.
[0011p] The first relay may include a current monitoring relay device.
[0011a] The changeover relay may further include three pairs of contacts. Each pair may include a common contact, a normally open contact, and a normally closed contact. The common contact and the normally closed contact of each pair may be connected when the changeover relay is in a first configuration, and the common contact and normally open contact of each pair may be connected when the changeover relay is in a second configuration. A first of the common contacts and a first of the normally closed contacts may provide connection between a low voltage output by a transformer and the outlet. A second of the common contacts and a second of the normally open contacts may provide connection between a low voltage output by the current monitoring relay and the latching relay. A third of the common contacts and a third of the normally closed contacts may provide a connection between the outlet and the first switching contact. The third of the common contacts and a third of the normally open contacts provides a connection between a high voltage source and the outlet, and the changeover relay may be configured to switch from the first configuration to the second configuration when the third switching contact receives the electrical output from the latching relay.
[0011b] The latching relay may further include a common contact, a first contact, and a second contact. The first state may comprise the common contact and the first contact being connected and the second state may include the common contact and the second contact being connected. The connection between the common contact and the second contact in the second state allows the low voltage output by the transformer to flow through the latching relay to the third switching contact.
[0011c] The current monitoring relay may include a transformer configured to step-down a supplied voltage.
[0011d] The latching relay further may include a first negative switching contact paired with the first switching contact, and a second negative switching contact paired with the second switching contact. The latching relay may be configured to switch between the first state and the second state when at least one of the first and second negative switching contacts is energized.
[0011e] The changeover relay may include a low-to-high/high-to-low voltage relay.
[0011f] The device may include a current overload disconnect connected between the outlet and the current monitoring relay.
[0011g] In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there is provided an electrical output device having sets of selectively connectable contacts, each set of selectively connectable contacts comprising a first contact, a second contact, and a common contact. The device includes an outlet having a positive terminal and a negative terminal, a voltage converter including a high voltage input and a low voltage output. The device further includes a current monitoring relay including a first set of selectively connectable contacts and a first pair of switching contacts. The common contact and the first contact of the first set are connected except when the first pair of switching contacts is energized. The common contact and the second contact of the first set are connected otherwise. A latching relay includes a second set of selectively connectable contacts and a second and third pair of switching contacts, wherein the common contact and the first contact of the second set are connected when the second pair of switching contacts is energized, and wherein the common contact and the second contact of the second set are connected when the third switching contact is energized. A changeover relay includes a third, fourth, and fifth set of selectively connectable contacts and a fourth pair of switching contacts, wherein the common contacts and the first contacts of the third, fourth, and fifth sets are connected except when the fourth pair of switching contacts is energized, and wherein the common contact and the second contact of the third, fourth, and fifth sets are connected otherwise. The low voltage output and the third switching contact are connected when a load is placed across the outlet. The low voltage output and the fourth switching contact are connected through the latching relay when the third switching contact is energized, and a high voltage power source and the outlet are connected through the changeover relay when the fourth switching contact is energized.
3a [0011h] The first switching contact may be energized when the load is present across the outlet, and the low voltage output and the second switching contact may be connected when the load is removed.
[0011i] The low voltage output and the outlet may be connected through the changeover relay when the second switching contact is energized.
[0011j] In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there is provided an electrical safety device, for connection between a high voltage electrical power source and an outlet. The device includes means for converting a high voltage from the electrical power source to a low voltage, and a first relay includes means for monitoring the voltage of current provided to the outlet and for providing a low voltage current output in the absence of a load being placed across the outlet. The device further includes a second relay comprising means for receiving the high voltage and the low voltage and for selectively outputting the high voltage to the outlet, and a third relay comprising means for toggling the receiving and outputting means to stop outputting the high voltage when the low voltage current output is received at the toggling means from the monitoring means.
[0011k] The toggling means may be configured to toggle the receiving and outputting means to start outputting the high voltage when a current is received at the toggling means from a load placed across the outlet.
[00111] The high voltage may be provided to the outlet only when a load is placed across the outlet, and wherein the low voltage is provided to the outlet otherwise.
[0011m] The low voltage current may be received by the toggling means and the current received from a load placed across the outlet by the toggling means may pass through the receiving and outputting means before being received by the toggling means.
[0011n] The high voltage may be in a range of approximately 30 VAC to approximately 600 VAC, and wherein the low voltage may be in a range being more than zero and less than approximately 30 volts DC or AC.
[00110] The converting means may include a transformer.
[0011p] The first relay may include a current monitoring relay device.
[0012] The second relay may include a changeover relay device.
[0013] The third relay may include a latching relay device.
3b BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
3b BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] The accompanying drawings illustrate the present invention. In such drawings:
[0015] FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematic of the shock-proof electrical output device that includes explanatory text.
[0016] FIG.2A is an electrical schematic of an embodiment of the shock-proof electrical output device in the no load mode, with a current monitoring relay device AR that includes a "Reed" type relay.
[0017] FIG.2B is an electrical schematic of the embodiment of the shock-proof electrical output device depicted in Figure 2A in the load mode.
[0018] FIG. 3 A is an electrical schematic of an embodiment of the shock-proof electrical output device in the no load mode, with a transformer as the current monitoring relay device AR.
[0019] FIG. 313 is an electrical schematic of the embodiment of the shock-proof electrical output device depicted in Figure 3 A in the load mode.
3c DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION =
3c DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION =
[0020] The present invention provides a shock-proof electrical output device that includes a voltage converter, a current monitoring relay device (AR), a latching relay device (BR), and a changeover (i.e., low-to-high voltage/high-to-low voltage) relay device (CR).
[0021] The following terms have well known meanings as would be understood by anyone of ordinary skill in the electrical arts. The discussion below is included herein for reference and =
not by way of limitation.
not by way of limitation.
[0022] A "voltage converter" changes the voltage from a power source, such as a high voltage power line, to a useable (low voltage) power supply. When the power source is in the form of an alternating current, the voltage converter can be, for example, a transformer (T) that transforms the high voltage power from the source to a low voltage current.
[0023] A "current monitoring relay device" (AR) monitors the voltage of incoming current, transforms it into a lower voltage form, and transmits it as low voltage current output.
[0024] A "latching relay device" (BR) toggles between two different configurations or "states", and is considered to be "bistable". In a two-coil latching relay, when current is applied to one coil, the relay "latches" in one state and stays in that state until voltage is applied to the other "unlatch" coil. Accordingly, when the current is switched off, the relay remains in its last state. This type of relay has the advantage that it consumes power only for an instant, while it is being switched, and it retains its last setting across a power outage.
[0025] A "changeover relay device" (CR), which can also be referred to as a "low-to-high/high-to-low voltage relay", has one common contact and two fixed contacts. One of these fixed contacts is "normally closed" (NC) when the relay is switched off, and the other is "normally open" (NO). Switching the relay on causes the normally open contact to close and the normally closed contact to open.
[0026] The "relays" as described herein and depicted in the Figures may be, for example, "Reed" relays, "Solid State" relays or "Coil" relays. "Reed" relays are electrically-operated (electro-mechanical, or electro-magnetic) switching devices that consist of two thin, magnetic strips (reeds or levers) encapsulated in a glass envelope. "Solid State"
relays are also referred to as "semiconductor relays". "Coil" relays are another form of electrical relay that utilize a coil surrounding a core to employ magnetic attraction/repulsion to draw contacts together. AR is depicted as a "Reed" relay in Figures 2A and 2B, and as a "Coil" relay in Figures 3A and 3B.
relays are also referred to as "semiconductor relays". "Coil" relays are another form of electrical relay that utilize a coil surrounding a core to employ magnetic attraction/repulsion to draw contacts together. AR is depicted as a "Reed" relay in Figures 2A and 2B, and as a "Coil" relay in Figures 3A and 3B.
[0027] As used herein, "high voltage" refers to voltages in a range of approximately to 30 VAC to 600 VAC (intended to encompass all voltages employed to power various electrical appliances from electrical outlets inside and outside of residences and commercial buildings throughout the world), while "low voltage" refers to voltages in the range of just above zero up to 30 V, the low voltages being either DC or AC. Human beings present very high (in the megaohms) resistance when grasping wires with the fingers of dry hands (the resistance becoming somewhat less when the fingers are sweaty or bloody). Therefore, at the low voltages present at the outlet in the electrical output device of this invention when no electrical draw from an electrical appliance in use, no appreciable current will flow through a human in contact with the outlet of the invention in the low-voltage, no-load mode.
[0028] This can most readily be appreciated by noting that Ohm's law (V=IR), in which V
represents voltage, I represents current, and R represents resistance (or impedance), can be manipulated to give I=V/R. Thus, given the low voltage present at the shock-proof outlet of the electrical output device of the instant invention in the no load mode, combined with the above-mentioned fact that a human being inherently present comparatively high resistance or impedance (even when grasping wires with sweaty or bloody fingers) as compared to the virtually zero impedance presented by an electrical appliance in use, means that the current (the ratio of voltage to impedance) will not be large enough to harm a human being in contact with the shock-proof outlet of the instant invention. Therefore, at most, truly negligible (i.e., virtually imperceptible) currents will flow through the human, certainly not currents in the double digit milliamps (or higher) that can present an electrocution hazard.
represents voltage, I represents current, and R represents resistance (or impedance), can be manipulated to give I=V/R. Thus, given the low voltage present at the shock-proof outlet of the electrical output device of the instant invention in the no load mode, combined with the above-mentioned fact that a human being inherently present comparatively high resistance or impedance (even when grasping wires with sweaty or bloody fingers) as compared to the virtually zero impedance presented by an electrical appliance in use, means that the current (the ratio of voltage to impedance) will not be large enough to harm a human being in contact with the shock-proof outlet of the instant invention. Therefore, at most, truly negligible (i.e., virtually imperceptible) currents will flow through the human, certainly not currents in the double digit milliamps (or higher) that can present an electrocution hazard.
[0029] In one embodiment of the present invention as depicted in Figure 1, the output device includes: a power outlet, a voltage converter shown as a transformer (T), a current monitoring relay device (AR), a latching relay device (BR), and a changeover relay device (Ca) (low voltage to high voltage, and high voltage to low voltage relay). Another suitable type of voltage converter not referred to in the Figures is a solid-state, step-down voltage converter.
[0030] Turning now to Figures 2A to 3B, the elements depicted in the Figures (and labeled in Figure 2A) are described below and listed in the following table:
Table 1 Description of Figure Elements Device Element Description Component Power Outlet G1 Positive terminal 02 Negative terminal Transformer-Type T1 Negative input terminal Voltage Converter (T) T2 Positive input terminal T3 Negative output terminal T4 Positive output terminal Changeover Relay C14 and CI 5 Switching contacts Device (Cs) C11, C12, C13 Exemplary first set of contacts C8, C9, C10 Set of contacts that are not employed (i.e., they are unconnected) C.5, C6, C7 Second optional set of contacts C2, C3, C4 Third optional set of contact C13, C10, C7, C4 Common contacts C11/C12, C8/C9, Pairs of contacts that are either in communication with or not in C5/C6, C2/C3 communication with the common contacts in the same set in the load or no-load mode C11, C8, C5, C2 The first contacts in the pair of contacts in communication with the common contacts in the set in the no-load mode C12, C9, C6, C3 The second contacts in the pair of contacts in communication with the common contacts in the set in the load mode Latching Relay Device B2 and B4 The negative and positive contacts, respectively, in the first coil of Q3a) a two-coil latching relay B3 and B5 The negative and positive contacts, respectively, in the second coil of a two-coil latching relay device B4/B5 The trigger/reset pair of contacts that function as the switching contacts to toggle the latching relay device indirectly between states via the changeover relay device in the embodiments depicted in Figures 2A/ 2B, 6A/ 6B, and 7A/7B
B2/B3 The trigger/reset pair of contacts that function as the switching contacts to toggle the latching relay device directly between states in the embodiments depicted in Figures 3A/3B, 4A/4B, and 5A/5B
B8 The common contact between B6/B7 B6/B7 The pairs of contacts that toggle between being in communication with or not in communication with the common contact (B8) in the load (B7) or no-load (B6) mode Current Monitoring Cl The common contact between Al/B1 Relay Device (AR)*
A1/B1 The pair of contacts that are either in communication with or not in communication with the common contact in the load (B1) or no-load (Al) mode DI and El Switching contacts A and B The lever contacts that are disconnected in the no-load mode and connected in the load mode * In Figures 2A/2B, the current monitoring relay device (AR) consists of a latching relay and a separate current monitor. In Figures 3A/3B, the current monitoring relay device (AR) consists of a current converting two-coil transformer.
[00311 In operation, the shock-proof electrical output device, such as the device depicted in Figures 2A and 2B, has two different modes: a no-load mode (Figure 2A) and load mode (Figure 2B). As shown in these Figures: the current monitoring relay device (AR) has a single coil (not shown) having switching contacts D1(+)/E1(-); the latching relay device (BR) has two coils (not shown) having switching contacts B5 (+) and B3 (-) in one coil, and B4(1)/B2(-) in the other coil; and AR has a single coil (not shown) having switching contacts CI4(+)/C15(-).
[0032] In a no-load mode, the transformer (T) (which serves as the voltage converter in the embodiment depicted in these two Figures) is energized at all times by high voltage (HI and H2). From transformer (T), low voltage current is connected via the negative low voltage terminal (T3) to C15, B2, B3, and El (i.e., the negative switching contacts) to supply them with low voltage power at all times in the no-load mode.
100331 Also, from transformer (T), low voltage current is connected via the positive low voltage terminal (T4) to: A (one of the two lever contacts) and Cl (the common contact) of the current monitoring relay device AR; the common contact C4 of the third set of contacts in the changeover relay device CR; and the common contact B8 of the latching relay device BR.
Accordingly, positive low voltage is connected to the common contacts (or in the case of the changeover relay device (CR), at least one common contact (C4)) at all times in the no-load mode.
[0034] When an electrical device is plugged into outlet, such as an electrical tool or an appliance, the electrical device serves to connect the positive terminal (GI) and the negative terminal (02) of the power outlet. More particularly, low voltage electricity passes through the power outlet, into and out of the electrical device, and back to the power outlet.
[0035] When the outlet encounters an electrical load from the electrical device (such as, when it is turned "on", or when an "off" button or "safety/trigger switch" is released), the electrical device serves as a "switch" to allow current to flow from 02 to 01 via a path that extends the path from GI all the way to T4, since T4 is connected to C4, which is connected to C2 in the same set of contacts in the changeover relay (CR), which connects to G2, and through the electrical device to 01. From there, the current makes its way from C13 to C 11 (i.e. the common connection that is connected to the first connection in the first set of switching contacts), and then from Cll to B5, which energizes BR.
[0036] Once switching contact B5 in the first coil of the latching relay device (BR) receives current (i.e., once BR is energized, the latching relay (AR) "toggles", i.e., the connection between B8 and Bb is broken, and a connection between B8 and B7 is formed. Current then flows through B7. This allows positive low voltage from terminal T4 to pass through B7 to switching contact C14, which in turn energizes CR. As a result, the connection in each of the sets of switching contacts shins from the common contact and the first contact to the common contact and the second contact. In other words the connection of C4 is switched from C2 to C3, the connection of C7 is switched from C5 to C6, and the connection of C13 is switched from C11 to C 12. (In the embodiment depicted in Figures 2A and 2B, the set of contacts that consists of contacts C8, C9 and C10 are not in operation.) As such, the connection between C12 and C13 allows positive high voltage power from the high voltage power source H2 to pass to the positive terminal 01 of the outlet. The current flowing through to 01 also energizes the current monitor relay (CR) by causing an electromagnetic pulse to flow to lever contact A that effects a connection to lever contact B.
[0037] Thus, positive low voltage is provided to and energizes the current monitoring relay device (AR). This causes Al to be disconnected from the common contact,C1, and causes a connection to be formed between Cl and Bl. Now, the high voltage current flow through the electrical device and the shock-proof outlet is in the load mode.
[0038] When load is removed from the outlet (e.g., the on/off switch of the appliance is turned to the off position or the user lets go of the trigger switch completely), the current monitor relay device (AR) no longer supplies the electromagnetic forces necessary to form a connection between lever contacts A and B, and they become disconnected, which deenergizes AR. When AR is deerlergiZed, Cl connects back to Al, which allows low voltage power to flow through AR from Cl to Al. When this happens, C6 connects to C7, which connects to B4 (the positive switching contact in the second coil of the latching relay (BR)), which energizes the BR
latching relay. This toggles the connection between B8 and B7 back to a connection between B8 and B6, which represents the original configuration of the latching relay.
When this happens, C2 connects again to C4, C5 connects to C7, etc. In other words, the device assumes its original no-load configuration, with only low voltage present at the outlet.
[0039] FIG. 3A and 3B are electrical schematics of an embodiment of the shock-proof electrical output device in the no load mode (3A) and the load mode (3B), wherein the current monitoring relay device (AR) is a transformer-type device. This embodiment functions just as described above for Figures 2A and 2B, except that the current monitoring relay device AR is a transformer, and serves only a relaying, voltage step-down function, and does not operate by way of a switching relay. In other words, when a device is plugged into the outlet and turned on, the result in current appears as a low voltage current, which resets the low voltage latching relay to reflect the high current (on) condition. Also, as depicted in these two figures the latching relay (BR) is energized via the negative switching contacts, rather than the positive switching contacts.
Table 1 Description of Figure Elements Device Element Description Component Power Outlet G1 Positive terminal 02 Negative terminal Transformer-Type T1 Negative input terminal Voltage Converter (T) T2 Positive input terminal T3 Negative output terminal T4 Positive output terminal Changeover Relay C14 and CI 5 Switching contacts Device (Cs) C11, C12, C13 Exemplary first set of contacts C8, C9, C10 Set of contacts that are not employed (i.e., they are unconnected) C.5, C6, C7 Second optional set of contacts C2, C3, C4 Third optional set of contact C13, C10, C7, C4 Common contacts C11/C12, C8/C9, Pairs of contacts that are either in communication with or not in C5/C6, C2/C3 communication with the common contacts in the same set in the load or no-load mode C11, C8, C5, C2 The first contacts in the pair of contacts in communication with the common contacts in the set in the no-load mode C12, C9, C6, C3 The second contacts in the pair of contacts in communication with the common contacts in the set in the load mode Latching Relay Device B2 and B4 The negative and positive contacts, respectively, in the first coil of Q3a) a two-coil latching relay B3 and B5 The negative and positive contacts, respectively, in the second coil of a two-coil latching relay device B4/B5 The trigger/reset pair of contacts that function as the switching contacts to toggle the latching relay device indirectly between states via the changeover relay device in the embodiments depicted in Figures 2A/ 2B, 6A/ 6B, and 7A/7B
B2/B3 The trigger/reset pair of contacts that function as the switching contacts to toggle the latching relay device directly between states in the embodiments depicted in Figures 3A/3B, 4A/4B, and 5A/5B
B8 The common contact between B6/B7 B6/B7 The pairs of contacts that toggle between being in communication with or not in communication with the common contact (B8) in the load (B7) or no-load (B6) mode Current Monitoring Cl The common contact between Al/B1 Relay Device (AR)*
A1/B1 The pair of contacts that are either in communication with or not in communication with the common contact in the load (B1) or no-load (Al) mode DI and El Switching contacts A and B The lever contacts that are disconnected in the no-load mode and connected in the load mode * In Figures 2A/2B, the current monitoring relay device (AR) consists of a latching relay and a separate current monitor. In Figures 3A/3B, the current monitoring relay device (AR) consists of a current converting two-coil transformer.
[00311 In operation, the shock-proof electrical output device, such as the device depicted in Figures 2A and 2B, has two different modes: a no-load mode (Figure 2A) and load mode (Figure 2B). As shown in these Figures: the current monitoring relay device (AR) has a single coil (not shown) having switching contacts D1(+)/E1(-); the latching relay device (BR) has two coils (not shown) having switching contacts B5 (+) and B3 (-) in one coil, and B4(1)/B2(-) in the other coil; and AR has a single coil (not shown) having switching contacts CI4(+)/C15(-).
[0032] In a no-load mode, the transformer (T) (which serves as the voltage converter in the embodiment depicted in these two Figures) is energized at all times by high voltage (HI and H2). From transformer (T), low voltage current is connected via the negative low voltage terminal (T3) to C15, B2, B3, and El (i.e., the negative switching contacts) to supply them with low voltage power at all times in the no-load mode.
100331 Also, from transformer (T), low voltage current is connected via the positive low voltage terminal (T4) to: A (one of the two lever contacts) and Cl (the common contact) of the current monitoring relay device AR; the common contact C4 of the third set of contacts in the changeover relay device CR; and the common contact B8 of the latching relay device BR.
Accordingly, positive low voltage is connected to the common contacts (or in the case of the changeover relay device (CR), at least one common contact (C4)) at all times in the no-load mode.
[0034] When an electrical device is plugged into outlet, such as an electrical tool or an appliance, the electrical device serves to connect the positive terminal (GI) and the negative terminal (02) of the power outlet. More particularly, low voltage electricity passes through the power outlet, into and out of the electrical device, and back to the power outlet.
[0035] When the outlet encounters an electrical load from the electrical device (such as, when it is turned "on", or when an "off" button or "safety/trigger switch" is released), the electrical device serves as a "switch" to allow current to flow from 02 to 01 via a path that extends the path from GI all the way to T4, since T4 is connected to C4, which is connected to C2 in the same set of contacts in the changeover relay (CR), which connects to G2, and through the electrical device to 01. From there, the current makes its way from C13 to C 11 (i.e. the common connection that is connected to the first connection in the first set of switching contacts), and then from Cll to B5, which energizes BR.
[0036] Once switching contact B5 in the first coil of the latching relay device (BR) receives current (i.e., once BR is energized, the latching relay (AR) "toggles", i.e., the connection between B8 and Bb is broken, and a connection between B8 and B7 is formed. Current then flows through B7. This allows positive low voltage from terminal T4 to pass through B7 to switching contact C14, which in turn energizes CR. As a result, the connection in each of the sets of switching contacts shins from the common contact and the first contact to the common contact and the second contact. In other words the connection of C4 is switched from C2 to C3, the connection of C7 is switched from C5 to C6, and the connection of C13 is switched from C11 to C 12. (In the embodiment depicted in Figures 2A and 2B, the set of contacts that consists of contacts C8, C9 and C10 are not in operation.) As such, the connection between C12 and C13 allows positive high voltage power from the high voltage power source H2 to pass to the positive terminal 01 of the outlet. The current flowing through to 01 also energizes the current monitor relay (CR) by causing an electromagnetic pulse to flow to lever contact A that effects a connection to lever contact B.
[0037] Thus, positive low voltage is provided to and energizes the current monitoring relay device (AR). This causes Al to be disconnected from the common contact,C1, and causes a connection to be formed between Cl and Bl. Now, the high voltage current flow through the electrical device and the shock-proof outlet is in the load mode.
[0038] When load is removed from the outlet (e.g., the on/off switch of the appliance is turned to the off position or the user lets go of the trigger switch completely), the current monitor relay device (AR) no longer supplies the electromagnetic forces necessary to form a connection between lever contacts A and B, and they become disconnected, which deenergizes AR. When AR is deerlergiZed, Cl connects back to Al, which allows low voltage power to flow through AR from Cl to Al. When this happens, C6 connects to C7, which connects to B4 (the positive switching contact in the second coil of the latching relay (BR)), which energizes the BR
latching relay. This toggles the connection between B8 and B7 back to a connection between B8 and B6, which represents the original configuration of the latching relay.
When this happens, C2 connects again to C4, C5 connects to C7, etc. In other words, the device assumes its original no-load configuration, with only low voltage present at the outlet.
[0039] FIG. 3A and 3B are electrical schematics of an embodiment of the shock-proof electrical output device in the no load mode (3A) and the load mode (3B), wherein the current monitoring relay device (AR) is a transformer-type device. This embodiment functions just as described above for Figures 2A and 2B, except that the current monitoring relay device AR is a transformer, and serves only a relaying, voltage step-down function, and does not operate by way of a switching relay. In other words, when a device is plugged into the outlet and turned on, the result in current appears as a low voltage current, which resets the low voltage latching relay to reflect the high current (on) condition. Also, as depicted in these two figures the latching relay (BR) is energized via the negative switching contacts, rather than the positive switching contacts.
Claims (27)
1. A
device having a low voltage current output no-load mode and a high voltage current output load mode, the device comprising:
an outlet having a positive terminal and a negative terminal;
a latching relay comprising a first switching contact and a second switching contact, the latching relay being configured to switch from a first state to a second state when the first switching contact is energized and configured to switch from the second state to the first state when the second switching contact is energized, wherein the latching relay is further configured to provide a low voltage current output when the first switching contact is energized;
a changeover relay comprising a third switching contact connected to the latching relay, the changeover relay being electrically connected to the outlet and configured, in the no-load mode, to receive low voltage current that flows across the outlet and provide the received low voltage current to the latching relay first switching contact, the changeover relay also being configured to switch the device from the no-load mode to the load mode when the third switching contact is energized by the low voltage current output from the latching relay, and wherein the changeover relay is further configured to receive a high voltage power input and connect the high voltage power to the outlet in the load mode; and a current monitoring relay configured to provide low voltage power to energize the latching relay second switching contact when a load is removed from across the positive terminal and negative terminal.
device having a low voltage current output no-load mode and a high voltage current output load mode, the device comprising:
an outlet having a positive terminal and a negative terminal;
a latching relay comprising a first switching contact and a second switching contact, the latching relay being configured to switch from a first state to a second state when the first switching contact is energized and configured to switch from the second state to the first state when the second switching contact is energized, wherein the latching relay is further configured to provide a low voltage current output when the first switching contact is energized;
a changeover relay comprising a third switching contact connected to the latching relay, the changeover relay being electrically connected to the outlet and configured, in the no-load mode, to receive low voltage current that flows across the outlet and provide the received low voltage current to the latching relay first switching contact, the changeover relay also being configured to switch the device from the no-load mode to the load mode when the third switching contact is energized by the low voltage current output from the latching relay, and wherein the changeover relay is further configured to receive a high voltage power input and connect the high voltage power to the outlet in the load mode; and a current monitoring relay configured to provide low voltage power to energize the latching relay second switching contact when a load is removed from across the positive terminal and negative terminal.
2. The device of claim 1, further comprising a voltage converter configured to convert a high voltage input from a high voltage power source into a low voltage output.
3. The device of claim 2, wherein the low voltage output is provided to the outlet when the device is in the no-load mode, and wherein the high voltage input is provided to the outlet when the device is in the load mode.
4. The device of claim 1, wherein the voltage converter comprises a transformer.
5. The device of claim 1, wherein the latching relay comprises two coils having the first and second switching contacts, or wherein the changeover relay comprises a coil having the third switching contact.
6. The device of claim 1, wherein the current monitoring relay comprises a fourth switching contact, the current monitoring relay being configured to output the low voltage power except when the fourth switching contact receives a current.
7. The device of claim 6, wherein the latching relay is configured to switch from the second state to the first state to stop providing the low voltage current output to the changeover relay in response to receiving the low voltage power from the current monitoring relay, and wherein the changeover relay is configured to switch the device from the load mode to the no-load mode when the low voltage current output from the latching relay to the third switching contact is stopped.
8. The device of claim 6, wherein the current monitoring relay further comprises a first lever contact and a second lever contact, the first and second lever contacts being configured to connect in response to an electromagnetic pulse, wherein the current received by the fourth switching contact flows through the connection of the first and second lever contacts.
9. The device of claim 6, further comprising four additional switching contacts, each of the four additional switching contacts being paired with a different one of the first, second, third, or fourth switching contacts, wherein the first, second, third, and fourth switching contacts are configured to energize when receiving a positive low voltage, and wherein the four additional switching contacts are supplied with a negative low voltage when the device is in the no-load mode.
10. The device of claim 1, wherein the changeover relay further comprises three pairs of contacts, each pair comprising a common contact, a normally open contact, and a normally closed contact, the common contact and the normally closed contact of each pair being connected when the changeover relay is in a first configuration, and the common contact and normally open contact of each pair being connected when the changeover relay is in a second configuration, wherein a first of the common contacts and a first of the normally closed contacts provide connection between a low voltage output by a transformer and the outlet, wherein a second of the common contacts and a second of the normally open contacts provide connection between a low voltage output by the current monitoring relay and the latching relay,
11 wherein a third of the common contacts and a third of the normally closed contacts provides a connection between the outlet and the first switching contact, wherein the third of the common contacts and a third of the normally open contacts provides a connection between a high voltage source and the outlet, and wherein the changeover relay is configured to switch from the first configuration to the second configuration when the third switching contact receives the electrical output from the latching relay.
11. The device of claim 10, wherein the latching relay further comprises a common contact, a first contact, and a second contact, wherein the first state comprises the common contact and the first contact being connected and the second state comprises the common contact and the second contact being connected, the connection between the common contact and the second contact in the second state allowing the low voltage output by the transformer to flow through the latching relay to the third switching contact.
11. The device of claim 10, wherein the latching relay further comprises a common contact, a first contact, and a second contact, wherein the first state comprises the common contact and the first contact being connected and the second state comprises the common contact and the second contact being connected, the connection between the common contact and the second contact in the second state allowing the low voltage output by the transformer to flow through the latching relay to the third switching contact.
12. The device of claim 1, wherein the current monitoring relay comprises a transformer configured to step-down a supplied voltage.
13. The device of claim 12, wherein the latching relay further comprises a first negative switching contact paired with the first switching contact, and a second negative switching contact paired with the second switching contact, the latching relay configured to switch between the first state and the second state when at least one of the first and second negative switching contacts is energized.
14. The device of claim 1, wherein the changeover relay comprises a low-to-high/high-to-low voltage relay.
15. The device of claim 1, further comprising a current overload disconnect connected between the outlet and the current monitoring relay.
16. An electrical output device having sets of selectively connectable contacts, each set of selectively connectable contacts comprising a first contact, a second contact, and a common contact, the device comprising:
an outlet having a positive terminal and a negative terminal;
a voltage converter comprising a high voltage input and a low voltage output;
a current monitoring relay comprising a first set of selectively connectable contacts and a first pair of switching contacts, wherein the common contact and the first contact of the first set are connected except when the first pair of switching contacts is energized, and wherein the common contact and the second contact of the first set are connected otherwise;
a latching relay comprising a second set of selectively connectable contacts and a second and third pair of switching contacts, wherein the common contact and the first contact of the second set are connected when the second pair of switching contacts is energized, and wherein the common contact and the second contact of the second set are connected when the third switching contact is energized; and a changeover relay comprising a third, fourth, and fifth set of selectively connectable contacts and a fourth pair of switching contacts, wherein the common contacts and the first contacts of the third, fourth, and fifth sets are connected except when the fourth pair of switching contacts is energized, and wherein the common contact and the second contact of the third, fourth, and fifth sets are connected otherwise, wherein the low voltage output and the third switching contact are connected when a load is placed across the outlet, wherein the low voltage output and the fourth switching contact are connected through the latching relay when the third switching contact is energized, and wherein a high voltage power source and the outlet are connected through the changeover relay when the fourth switching contact is energized.
an outlet having a positive terminal and a negative terminal;
a voltage converter comprising a high voltage input and a low voltage output;
a current monitoring relay comprising a first set of selectively connectable contacts and a first pair of switching contacts, wherein the common contact and the first contact of the first set are connected except when the first pair of switching contacts is energized, and wherein the common contact and the second contact of the first set are connected otherwise;
a latching relay comprising a second set of selectively connectable contacts and a second and third pair of switching contacts, wherein the common contact and the first contact of the second set are connected when the second pair of switching contacts is energized, and wherein the common contact and the second contact of the second set are connected when the third switching contact is energized; and a changeover relay comprising a third, fourth, and fifth set of selectively connectable contacts and a fourth pair of switching contacts, wherein the common contacts and the first contacts of the third, fourth, and fifth sets are connected except when the fourth pair of switching contacts is energized, and wherein the common contact and the second contact of the third, fourth, and fifth sets are connected otherwise, wherein the low voltage output and the third switching contact are connected when a load is placed across the outlet, wherein the low voltage output and the fourth switching contact are connected through the latching relay when the third switching contact is energized, and wherein a high voltage power source and the outlet are connected through the changeover relay when the fourth switching contact is energized.
17. The electrical output device of claim 16, wherein the first switching contact is energized when the load is present across the outlet, and wherein the low voltage output and the second switching contact are connected when the load is removed.
18. The electrical output device of claim 17, wherein the low voltage output and the outlet are connected through the changeover relay when the second switching contact is energized.
19. An electrical safety device, for connection between a high voltage electrical power source and an outlet, the device comprising:
means for converting a high voltage from the electrical power source to a low voltage;
a first relay comprising means for monitoring the voltage of current provided to the outlet and for providing a low voltage current output in the absence of a load being placed across the outlet;
a second relay comprising means for receiving the high voltage and the low voltage and for selectively outputting the high voltage to the outlet;
and a third relay comprising means for toggling the receiving and outputting means to stop outputting the high voltage when the low voltage current output is received at the toggling means from the monitoring means.
means for converting a high voltage from the electrical power source to a low voltage;
a first relay comprising means for monitoring the voltage of current provided to the outlet and for providing a low voltage current output in the absence of a load being placed across the outlet;
a second relay comprising means for receiving the high voltage and the low voltage and for selectively outputting the high voltage to the outlet;
and a third relay comprising means for toggling the receiving and outputting means to stop outputting the high voltage when the low voltage current output is received at the toggling means from the monitoring means.
20. The device of claim 19, wherein the toggling means is configured to toggle the receiving and outputting means to start outputting the high voltage when a current is received at the toggling means from a load placed across the outlet.
21. The device of claim 20, wherein the high voltage is provided to the outlet only when a load is placed across the outlet, and wherein the low voltage is provided to the outlet otherwise.
22. The device of claim 20, wherein the low voltage current received by the toggling means and the current received from a load placed across the outlet by the toggling means pass through the receiving and outputting means before being received by the toggling means.
23. The device of claim 19, wherein the high voltage is in a range of approximately 30 VAC to approximately 600 VAC, and wherein the low voltage is in a range being more than zero and less than approximately 30 volts DC or AC.
24. The device of claim 19, wherein the converting means comprises a transformer.
25. The device of claim 19, wherein the first relay comprises a current monitoring relay device.
26. The device of claim 19, wherein the second relay comprises a changeover relay device.
27. The device of claim 19, wherein the third relay comprises a latching relay device.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/542,954 | 2006-10-03 | ||
| US11/542,954 US7928609B2 (en) | 2006-10-03 | 2006-10-03 | Shock-proof electrical outlet |
| PCT/US2007/021367 WO2008042443A1 (en) | 2006-10-03 | 2007-10-03 | Shock-proof electrical output devices |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2668455A1 CA2668455A1 (en) | 2008-04-10 |
| CA2668455C true CA2668455C (en) | 2015-01-13 |
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| CA2668370A Expired - Fee Related CA2668370C (en) | 2006-10-03 | 2006-10-10 | Shock-proof electrical output device and method for detecting an actual load |
| CA 2668455 Expired - Fee Related CA2668455C (en) | 2006-10-03 | 2007-10-03 | Shock-proof electrical output devices |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2668370A Expired - Fee Related CA2668370C (en) | 2006-10-03 | 2006-10-10 | Shock-proof electrical output device and method for detecting an actual load |
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| US (2) | US7928609B2 (en) |
| EP (2) | EP2080256A1 (en) |
| AU (2) | AU2006349005B2 (en) |
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-
2006
- 2006-10-03 US US11/542,954 patent/US7928609B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-10-10 CA CA2668370A patent/CA2668370C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-10-10 WO PCT/US2006/039559 patent/WO2008041995A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-10-10 AU AU2006349005A patent/AU2006349005B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2006-10-10 EP EP06816635A patent/EP2080256A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2007
- 2007-10-03 US US11/906,690 patent/US8129868B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-10-03 WO PCT/US2007/021367 patent/WO2008042443A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-10-03 AU AU2007305194A patent/AU2007305194B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-10-03 EP EP20070839271 patent/EP2080250A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-10-03 CA CA 2668455 patent/CA2668455C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2007305194A1 (en) | 2008-04-10 |
| AU2006349005B2 (en) | 2011-10-20 |
| CA2668370C (en) | 2015-05-12 |
| US20080122296A1 (en) | 2008-05-29 |
| CA2668370A1 (en) | 2008-04-10 |
| WO2008042443A1 (en) | 2008-04-10 |
| US8129868B2 (en) | 2012-03-06 |
| AU2006349005A1 (en) | 2008-04-10 |
| AU2007305194B2 (en) | 2011-06-09 |
| US7928609B2 (en) | 2011-04-19 |
| CA2668455A1 (en) | 2008-04-10 |
| WO2008041995A1 (en) | 2008-04-10 |
| US20080094769A1 (en) | 2008-04-24 |
| EP2080256A1 (en) | 2009-07-22 |
| EP2080250A1 (en) | 2009-07-22 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20171003 |