CA2651261A1 - Implantable medical device with a dual power source - Google Patents
Implantable medical device with a dual power source Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2651261A1 CA2651261A1 CA002651261A CA2651261A CA2651261A1 CA 2651261 A1 CA2651261 A1 CA 2651261A1 CA 002651261 A CA002651261 A CA 002651261A CA 2651261 A CA2651261 A CA 2651261A CA 2651261 A1 CA2651261 A1 CA 2651261A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- power source
- power
- rate
- control circuit
- imd
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 title description 7
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- NRKYWOKHZRQRJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C(F)(F)F NRKYWOKHZRQRJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000652 nickel hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910006124 SOCl2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 115
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 44
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 40
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 28
- RAVDHKVWJUPFPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver;oxido(dioxo)vanadium Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-][V](=O)=O RAVDHKVWJUPFPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 206010011906 Death Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000747 cardiac effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 210000003748 coronary sinus Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 208000037909 invasive meningococcal disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 4
- 208000003663 ventricular fibrillation Diseases 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 3
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010049447 Tachyarrhythmia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000001871 Tachycardia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013194 cardioversion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000033764 rhythmic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000005241 right ventricle Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000739 chaotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YCKOAAUKSGOOJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper silver Chemical compound [Cu].[Ag].[Ag] YCKOAAUKSGOOJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012377 drug delivery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002600 fibrillogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005003 heart tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000005248 left atrial appendage Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium sulfate Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- -1 lithium tetrafluoroborate Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002107 myocardial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001537 neural effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002861 ventricular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010047302 ventricular tachycardia Diseases 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/372—Arrangements in connection with the implantation of stimulators
- A61N1/378—Electrical supply
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/381,074 | 2006-05-01 | ||
| US11/381,074 US7337001B2 (en) | 2001-05-30 | 2006-05-01 | Implantable medical device and method with a dual power source incorporating electrolyte additive 2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide |
| PCT/US2007/067729 WO2007130884A1 (en) | 2006-05-01 | 2007-04-30 | Implantable medical device with a dual power source |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2651261A1 true CA2651261A1 (en) | 2007-11-15 |
Family
ID=38441959
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002651261A Abandoned CA2651261A1 (en) | 2006-05-01 | 2007-04-30 | Implantable medical device with a dual power source |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7337001B2 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP2024030A1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP2009535180A (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN101484204A (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2651261A1 (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2007130884A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7965180B2 (en) | 2006-09-28 | 2011-06-21 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Wireless sensor device |
| US9694192B2 (en) | 2013-10-04 | 2017-07-04 | Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation | Implantable medical device with a primary and rechargeable battery |
| US9345883B2 (en) | 2014-02-14 | 2016-05-24 | Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation | Rechargeable-battery implantable medical device having a primary battery active during a rechargeable-battery undervoltage condition |
| US9861827B2 (en) * | 2014-09-08 | 2018-01-09 | Medtronic, Inc. | Implantable medical devices having multi-cell power sources |
| US9861828B2 (en) | 2014-09-08 | 2018-01-09 | Medtronic, Inc. | Monitoring multi-cell power source of an implantable medical device |
| US9604071B2 (en) | 2014-09-08 | 2017-03-28 | Medtronic, Inc. | Implantable medical devices having multi-cell power sources |
| US9539435B2 (en) | 2014-09-08 | 2017-01-10 | Medtronic, Inc. | Transthoracic protection circuit for implantable medical devices |
| US9643025B2 (en) * | 2014-09-08 | 2017-05-09 | Medtronic, Inc. | Multi-primary transformer charging circuits for implantable medical devices |
| US9724528B2 (en) | 2014-09-08 | 2017-08-08 | Medtronic, Inc. | Multiple transformer charging circuits for implantable medical devices |
| US9579517B2 (en) | 2014-09-08 | 2017-02-28 | Medtronic, Inc. | Transformer-based charging circuits for implantable medical devices |
| KR20160044811A (ko) * | 2014-10-16 | 2016-04-26 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 생체 신호를 모니터링하는 웨어러블 센서 및 웨어러블 장치를 이용하여 생체 신호를 모니터링하는 방법 |
| WO2018001840A1 (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2018-01-04 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Method and device for health devices and wearable/implantable devices |
| US10688308B2 (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2020-06-23 | Sorin Crm Sas | System and method for extra cardiac defibrillation |
| US11235163B2 (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2022-02-01 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Implantable medical device with multiple modes of operation |
| CN114895185B (zh) * | 2022-04-28 | 2024-07-02 | 丹源医学科技(杭州)有限公司 | 一种提示电池更换的指示系统 |
Family Cites Families (30)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3981309A (en) * | 1974-12-23 | 1976-09-21 | American Optical Corporation | Patient stimulating pacer electrode |
| US4031899A (en) * | 1976-01-22 | 1977-06-28 | Vitatron Medical B.V. | Long life cardiac pacer with switching power delivery means and method of alternately delivering power to respective circuit portions of a stimulus delivery system |
| JPS52151835A (en) * | 1976-04-30 | 1977-12-16 | Univ Johns Hopkins | Enclosed battery |
| US4375817A (en) * | 1979-07-19 | 1983-03-08 | Medtronic, Inc. | Implantable cardioverter |
| US4310000A (en) * | 1980-01-23 | 1982-01-12 | Medtronic, Inc. | Implantable pulse generator having separate passive sensing reference electrode |
| DE3345990A1 (de) * | 1983-12-20 | 1985-06-27 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Verfahren zum herstellen einer implantierbaren elektrode |
| US4964877A (en) * | 1986-01-14 | 1990-10-23 | Wilson Greatbatch Ltd. | Non-aqueous lithium battery |
| US5306581A (en) * | 1989-06-15 | 1994-04-26 | Medtronic, Inc. | Battery with weldable feedthrough |
| US5221453A (en) * | 1990-09-27 | 1993-06-22 | Medtronic, Inc. | Silver vanadium oxide cathode material and method of preparation |
| US5235979B1 (en) * | 1991-03-15 | 1994-11-01 | Angeion Corp | Dual battery system for implantable defibrillator |
| AU654552B2 (en) * | 1991-04-05 | 1994-11-10 | Medtronic, Inc. | Subcutaneous multi-electrode sensing system |
| US5147737A (en) * | 1991-05-07 | 1992-09-15 | Wilson Greatbatch Ltd. | Electrochemical cell with improved efficiency serpentine electrode |
| US5250373A (en) * | 1991-09-10 | 1993-10-05 | Wilson Greatbatch Ltd. | Internal electrode and assembly method for electrochemical cells |
| US5333095A (en) * | 1993-05-03 | 1994-07-26 | Maxwell Laboratories, Inc., Sierra Capacitor Filter Division | Feedthrough filter capacitor assembly for human implant |
| US5434017A (en) * | 1993-11-19 | 1995-07-18 | Medtronic, Inc. | Isolated connection for an electrochemical cell |
| US5439760A (en) * | 1993-11-19 | 1995-08-08 | Medtronic, Inc. | High reliability electrochemical cell and electrode assembly therefor |
| US5549717A (en) * | 1994-03-03 | 1996-08-27 | Wilson Greatbatch Ltd. | Method of making prismatic cell |
| US5468569A (en) * | 1994-03-15 | 1995-11-21 | Wilson Greatbatch Ltd. | Use of standard uniform electrode components in cells of either high or low surface area design |
| US5458997A (en) * | 1994-08-19 | 1995-10-17 | Medtronic, Inc. | Rebalancing of lithium/silver vandium oxide (Li/SVO) cells for improved performance |
| US5735884A (en) * | 1994-10-04 | 1998-04-07 | Medtronic, Inc. | Filtered feedthrough assembly for implantable medical device |
| US5614331A (en) * | 1995-12-22 | 1997-03-25 | Wilson Greatbatch Ltd. | Medium and high discharge rate combination battery and method |
| US5716729A (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 1998-02-10 | Medtronic, Inc. | Electrochemical cell |
| EP0946953A1 (en) * | 1996-12-18 | 1999-10-06 | Medtronic, Inc. | High energy density capacitors and compounds for use in their preparation |
| US6008625A (en) * | 1998-01-16 | 1999-12-28 | Wilson Greatbatch Ltd. | Use of double cells to power an implantable medical device |
| DE19942021A1 (de) * | 1999-09-03 | 2001-03-08 | Solvay Fluor & Derivate | Gemische mit LiPF¶6¶ |
| US7191008B2 (en) * | 2001-05-30 | 2007-03-13 | Medtronic, Inc. | Implantable medical device with a dual power source |
| US6650942B2 (en) * | 2001-05-30 | 2003-11-18 | Medtronic, Inc. | Implantable medical device with dual cell power source |
| JP2003203674A (ja) * | 2001-10-29 | 2003-07-18 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 非水電解質二次電池 |
| KR100663032B1 (ko) * | 2004-09-21 | 2006-12-28 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 공융혼합물을 포함하는 전해질 및 이를 이용한 전기 변색소자 |
| US20070178371A1 (en) * | 2006-01-31 | 2007-08-02 | Merritt Donald R | Autoclave implantable battery |
-
2006
- 2006-05-01 US US11/381,074 patent/US7337001B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2007
- 2007-04-30 JP JP2009509985A patent/JP2009535180A/ja active Pending
- 2007-04-30 CN CNA2007800253728A patent/CN101484204A/zh active Pending
- 2007-04-30 WO PCT/US2007/067729 patent/WO2007130884A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-04-30 CA CA002651261A patent/CA2651261A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-04-30 EP EP07761544A patent/EP2024030A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2007130884A1 (en) | 2007-11-15 |
| CN101484204A (zh) | 2009-07-15 |
| US20060276851A1 (en) | 2006-12-07 |
| EP2024030A1 (en) | 2009-02-18 |
| US7337001B2 (en) | 2008-02-26 |
| JP2009535180A (ja) | 2009-10-01 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US7657315B2 (en) | Implantable medical device with a dual power source | |
| EP1406695B1 (en) | Implantable medical device with dual cell power source | |
| CA2651261A1 (en) | Implantable medical device with a dual power source | |
| WO2002089904A2 (en) | Implantable medical device with dual cell power source | |
| US10661089B2 (en) | Electrochemical cell with adjacent cathodes | |
| EP2783407B1 (en) | Electrochemical cell with adjacent cathodes | |
| JP2004535230A5 (enExample) | ||
| EP1611630B1 (en) | High power implantable battery with improved safety and method of manufacture | |
| US8027728B2 (en) | High power implantable battery with improved safety and method of manufacture | |
| US20090171419A1 (en) | Capacitor reformation method and device configured to perform the capacitor reformation method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |
Effective date: 20110502 |