CA2627956A1 - Cuve d'electrolyse avec echangeur thermique - Google Patents
Cuve d'electrolyse avec echangeur thermique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2627956A1 CA2627956A1 CA002627956A CA2627956A CA2627956A1 CA 2627956 A1 CA2627956 A1 CA 2627956A1 CA 002627956 A CA002627956 A CA 002627956A CA 2627956 A CA2627956 A CA 2627956A CA 2627956 A1 CA2627956 A1 CA 2627956A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cell according
- porous
- electrolytic cell
- tank
- porous material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007928 solubilization Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005063 solubilization Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012700 ceramic precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010039509 Scab Diseases 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003287 bathing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- VVNXEADCOVSAER-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium sodium Chemical compound [Li].[Na] VVNXEADCOVSAER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009420 retrofitting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003381 solubilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
- C25C3/085—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes characterised by its non electrically conducting heat insulating parts
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0511503A FR2893329B1 (fr) | 2005-11-14 | 2005-11-14 | Cuve d'electrolyse avec echangeur thermique. |
| FR0511503 | 2005-11-14 | ||
| PCT/FR2006/002465 WO2007057534A2 (fr) | 2005-11-14 | 2006-11-06 | Cuve d'electrolyse avec echangeur thermique |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2627956A1 true CA2627956A1 (fr) | 2007-05-24 |
Family
ID=36616913
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002627956A Abandoned CA2627956A1 (fr) | 2005-11-14 | 2006-11-06 | Cuve d'electrolyse avec echangeur thermique |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20080271996A1 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP1948849A2 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN101305114A (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU2006314430A1 (zh) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0618543A2 (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2627956A1 (zh) |
| FR (1) | FR2893329B1 (zh) |
| NO (1) | NO20082380L (zh) |
| RU (1) | RU2008123600A (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2007057534A2 (zh) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200804542B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BRPI0516399A (pt) | 2004-10-21 | 2008-09-02 | Bhp Billiton Innovation Pty | célula eletrolìtica e processo para produção de metal |
| US20110114479A1 (en) * | 2009-11-13 | 2011-05-19 | Kennametal Inc. | Composite Material Useful in Electrolytic Aluminum Production Cells |
| CN102330117A (zh) * | 2010-07-13 | 2012-01-25 | 厦门热工环保系统工程有限公司 | 一种安全的铝电解槽烟气余热回收方法 |
| EP2431498B1 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2016-12-28 | General Electric Technology GmbH | Pot heat exchanger |
| AR083049A1 (es) * | 2010-09-22 | 2013-01-30 | Goodtech Recovery Technology As | Revestimiento lateral |
| CN102134727B (zh) * | 2011-03-10 | 2012-10-31 | 伊川龙海科技实业有限公司 | 一种电解槽余热回收利用的方法及装置 |
| EA201490507A1 (ru) * | 2011-10-10 | 2014-09-30 | Гудтек Рекавери Текнолоджи Ас | Способ и устройство для регулирования образования слоя в электролизной ванне для получения алюминия |
| NO336846B1 (no) * | 2012-01-12 | 2015-11-16 | Goodtech Recovery Technology As | Forgrenet varmerør |
| CN103469253A (zh) * | 2013-10-10 | 2013-12-25 | 郑州大学 | 一种强制传热型铝电解槽 |
| WO2015123502A1 (en) * | 2014-02-13 | 2015-08-20 | Phinix, LLC | Electrorefining of magnesium from scrap metal aluminum or magnesium alloys |
| CN104006671A (zh) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-08-27 | 中南大学 | 用于铝电解槽侧部余热利用的换热元件 |
| FR3023301B1 (fr) * | 2014-07-04 | 2016-07-01 | Rio Tinto Alcan Int Ltd | Cuve d'electrolyse |
| CN108866574B (zh) * | 2018-09-05 | 2020-06-12 | 辽宁石油化工大学 | 一种用于铝电解槽的热交换装置 |
| CN110453248B (zh) * | 2019-08-27 | 2021-03-02 | 神华准能资源综合开发有限公司 | 一种电解槽的热平衡调节装置及方法 |
Family Cites Families (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2947678A (en) * | 1956-12-18 | 1960-08-02 | North American Aviation Inc | Variable-spaced nuclear reactor fuel assembly |
| DE3027464C2 (de) * | 1980-07-19 | 1982-07-22 | Korf & Fuchs Systemtechnik GmbH, 7601 Willstätt | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kühlen eines Wandbereiches eines metallurgischen Ofens, insbesondere eines Lichtbogenofens |
| US4583582A (en) * | 1982-04-09 | 1986-04-22 | The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. | Heat exchanger system |
| EP0095854B1 (en) * | 1982-05-28 | 1987-08-19 | Alcan International Limited | Improvements in electrolytic reduction cells for aluminium production |
| US4451337A (en) * | 1983-06-30 | 1984-05-29 | Eyvind Frilund | Heat recovery in aluminium-melting works |
| US4608135A (en) * | 1985-04-22 | 1986-08-26 | Aluminum Company Of America | Hall cell |
| NO158511C (no) * | 1985-07-09 | 1988-09-21 | Invendt A S H | Anordning ved ovn l, saerliga luminium-elektrolyse. |
| DE3906446A1 (de) * | 1989-03-01 | 1990-09-13 | Deutsche Forsch Luft Raumfahrt | Waermetauscher mit waermetauscherkoerper |
| FR2682464A1 (fr) * | 1991-10-10 | 1993-04-16 | Elf Aquitaine | Procede d'amelioration des transferts de chaleur et de masse vers et/ou a travers une paroi. |
| US5847927A (en) * | 1997-01-27 | 1998-12-08 | Raytheon Company | Electronic assembly with porous heat exchanger and orifice plate |
| FR2777574B1 (fr) * | 1998-04-16 | 2000-05-19 | Pechiney Aluminium | Cuve d'electrolyse ignee pour la production d'aluminium par le procede hall-heroult comprenant des moyens de refroidissement |
| NO313462B1 (no) * | 2000-06-07 | 2002-10-07 | Elkem Materials | Elektrolysecelle for fremstilling av aluminium, en rekke elektrolyseceller i en elektrolysehall, fremgangsmåte for åopprettholde en kruste på en sidevegg i en elektrolysecelle samtfremgangsmåte for gjenvinning av elektrisk energi fra en elektr |
| WO2002006747A1 (en) * | 2000-07-14 | 2002-01-24 | University Of Virginia Patent Foundation | Heat exchange foam |
| NL1016713C2 (nl) * | 2000-11-27 | 2002-05-29 | Stork Screens Bv | Warmtewisselaar en een dergelijke warmtewisselaar omvattende thermo-akoestische omvorminrichting. |
| US6866768B2 (en) * | 2002-07-16 | 2005-03-15 | Donald R Bradford | Electrolytic cell for production of aluminum from alumina |
| NO318012B1 (no) * | 2003-03-17 | 2005-01-17 | Norsk Hydro As | Strukturelle elementer for benyttelse i en elektrolysecelle |
| EP1533586B1 (en) * | 2003-11-24 | 2011-08-10 | Wieland-Werke AG | Two-fluid heat exchanger having flow management open-celled structures |
| BRPI0516399A (pt) * | 2004-10-21 | 2008-09-02 | Bhp Billiton Innovation Pty | célula eletrolìtica e processo para produção de metal |
-
2005
- 2005-11-14 FR FR0511503A patent/FR2893329B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-11-06 RU RU2008123600/02A patent/RU2008123600A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-11-06 CN CNA2006800422825A patent/CN101305114A/zh active Pending
- 2006-11-06 WO PCT/FR2006/002465 patent/WO2007057534A2/fr active Application Filing
- 2006-11-06 CA CA002627956A patent/CA2627956A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2006-11-06 EP EP06831067A patent/EP1948849A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-11-06 ZA ZA200804542A patent/ZA200804542B/xx unknown
- 2006-11-06 AU AU2006314430A patent/AU2006314430A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-11-06 US US12/093,556 patent/US20080271996A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-11-06 BR BRPI0618543-6A patent/BRPI0618543A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2008
- 2008-05-26 NO NO20082380A patent/NO20082380L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2006314430A1 (en) | 2007-05-24 |
| US20080271996A1 (en) | 2008-11-06 |
| CN101305114A (zh) | 2008-11-12 |
| RU2008123600A (ru) | 2009-12-27 |
| NO20082380L (no) | 2008-08-14 |
| WO2007057534A2 (fr) | 2007-05-24 |
| FR2893329A1 (fr) | 2007-05-18 |
| BRPI0618543A2 (pt) | 2011-09-06 |
| WO2007057534A3 (fr) | 2007-11-01 |
| ZA200804542B (en) | 2009-08-26 |
| FR2893329B1 (fr) | 2008-05-16 |
| EP1948849A2 (fr) | 2008-07-30 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |