CA2613300C - Heating apparatus comprising a thermoelectric device - Google Patents
Heating apparatus comprising a thermoelectric device Download PDFInfo
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- CA2613300C CA2613300C CA2613300A CA2613300A CA2613300C CA 2613300 C CA2613300 C CA 2613300C CA 2613300 A CA2613300 A CA 2613300A CA 2613300 A CA2613300 A CA 2613300A CA 2613300 C CA2613300 C CA 2613300C
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- Prior art keywords
- heating apparatus
- set forth
- heat exchanger
- heat
- wall
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/2203—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from burners
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
- H10N10/13—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the heat-exchanging means at the junction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
- B60H2001/2268—Constructional features
- B60H2001/2275—Thermoelectric converters for generating electrical energy
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
- Central Heating Systems (AREA)
- Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
- Gloves (AREA)
- Cookers (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a heating apparatus (10) comprising a thermoelectric device with several thermoelement legs (20). A wall (12) and a heat exchanger (26) which are in contact with the thermoelement legs are configured in an electrically insulating manner while the thermal contact is established via electrically conductive layers (22) that interconnect the end zones of the thermoelement legs (20) as desired.
Description
Heating apparatus comprising a thermoelectric device The invention relates to a heating apparatus, with a wall, the inside of which has adjoining it a region for the routing of hot exhaust gases, a housing which at least partially surrounds the wall, a medium to be heated flowing through an interspace between the wall and the housing, and a thermoelectric device which is arranged in the interspace and has a plurality of thermoelement legs and which is suitable for generating an electrical voltage on account of a temperature difference between the exhaust gases and the medium to be heated.
A device of this type is known from DE 102 35 601 Al. The ability to convert heat energy into electrical energy by means of a device of this type makes it possible to generate the electrical energy required for operating the heating apparatus, for example for feeding a blower and a control, in the heating apparatus itself.
The electrical energy thus generated may likewise be made available to other consumers in the motor vehicle, for example by feeding into the vehicle electrical power supply.
The arrangement shown in DE 102 35 601 Al has a thermoelectric device in the form of a thermoelectric module which is arranged between a first wall portion forming the "hot side" and a heat exchanger forming the "cold side". When the heating apparatus is in operation, therefore, a voltage can be picked up on the thermoelectric module, although problems with regard to maintaining as high temperature differences as possible, to thermal expansions and to a deficient thermal conductivity between the thermoelectric module and the wall portion or the heat exchanger may arise.
The object on which the invention is based is to overcome at least partially these problems of the prior art and in this case, in particular, to improve the thermal and mechanical conditions of the arrangement and the configuration possibilities in the set-up.
This object is achieved by means of the features of the independent claim.
Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.
The invention builds on the generic heating apparatus in that the wall is designed to be at least partially electrically insulating, in that the thermoelement legs are supported with a first end region, via electrically conductive layers, on a heat contact portion of the wall, in that an at least partially electrically insulating heat exchanger is provided, which is arranged opposite the heat contact portion of the wall, in that the thermoelement legs are supported with a second end region, via electrically conductive layers, on the electrically insulating heat exchanger, and in that the electrically conductive layers connect the respective end regions of the thermoelement legs at least partially to one another. In contrast to the prior art, an arrangement is selected consisting of individual thermoelement legs which are supported directly on the heat source or the heat sink via layers, in particular printed metallic conductor tracks. In order to make this possible, both the wall or at least that region of the wall on which the thermoelement legs are arranged and the heat exchanger are manufactured from electrically insulating, but nevertheless thermally conductive materials. The electrical conditions are determined by the arrangement of the electrically conductive layers which selectively connect the end region of the thermoelement legs to one another. This arrangement also affords a suitable starting point, as described in more detail below, for avoiding thermal shunts between the heat sink and heat source and for providing a sufficient mechanical compensation capacity with regard to thermal expansions.
It is preferable that the wall consists at least partially of an electrically insulating ceramic having high thermal conductivity.
It is likewise advantageous that the electrically insulating heat exchanger consists at least partially of a ceramic having high thermal conductivity.
For example, there may be provision for the ceramic for the wall and/or for the electrically insulating heat exchanger to have aluminum nitride. Ceramics of this type can fulfill the requirements of high thermal conductivity, at the same time with electrical insulation. Moreover, the printed conductor tracks can, for example, be manufactured from aluminum, with the result that, because of the high affmity between aluminum and aluminum nitride, the connection between the thermoelement legs and the fastening points is stabilized.
With regard to the electrical design of the arrangement, there may be provision for the electrically conductive layers to connect the thermoelement legs in series with one another.
It is likewise possible for the electrically conductive layers to connect the thermoelement legs in parallel with one another.
A device of this type is known from DE 102 35 601 Al. The ability to convert heat energy into electrical energy by means of a device of this type makes it possible to generate the electrical energy required for operating the heating apparatus, for example for feeding a blower and a control, in the heating apparatus itself.
The electrical energy thus generated may likewise be made available to other consumers in the motor vehicle, for example by feeding into the vehicle electrical power supply.
The arrangement shown in DE 102 35 601 Al has a thermoelectric device in the form of a thermoelectric module which is arranged between a first wall portion forming the "hot side" and a heat exchanger forming the "cold side". When the heating apparatus is in operation, therefore, a voltage can be picked up on the thermoelectric module, although problems with regard to maintaining as high temperature differences as possible, to thermal expansions and to a deficient thermal conductivity between the thermoelectric module and the wall portion or the heat exchanger may arise.
The object on which the invention is based is to overcome at least partially these problems of the prior art and in this case, in particular, to improve the thermal and mechanical conditions of the arrangement and the configuration possibilities in the set-up.
This object is achieved by means of the features of the independent claim.
Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.
The invention builds on the generic heating apparatus in that the wall is designed to be at least partially electrically insulating, in that the thermoelement legs are supported with a first end region, via electrically conductive layers, on a heat contact portion of the wall, in that an at least partially electrically insulating heat exchanger is provided, which is arranged opposite the heat contact portion of the wall, in that the thermoelement legs are supported with a second end region, via electrically conductive layers, on the electrically insulating heat exchanger, and in that the electrically conductive layers connect the respective end regions of the thermoelement legs at least partially to one another. In contrast to the prior art, an arrangement is selected consisting of individual thermoelement legs which are supported directly on the heat source or the heat sink via layers, in particular printed metallic conductor tracks. In order to make this possible, both the wall or at least that region of the wall on which the thermoelement legs are arranged and the heat exchanger are manufactured from electrically insulating, but nevertheless thermally conductive materials. The electrical conditions are determined by the arrangement of the electrically conductive layers which selectively connect the end region of the thermoelement legs to one another. This arrangement also affords a suitable starting point, as described in more detail below, for avoiding thermal shunts between the heat sink and heat source and for providing a sufficient mechanical compensation capacity with regard to thermal expansions.
It is preferable that the wall consists at least partially of an electrically insulating ceramic having high thermal conductivity.
It is likewise advantageous that the electrically insulating heat exchanger consists at least partially of a ceramic having high thermal conductivity.
For example, there may be provision for the ceramic for the wall and/or for the electrically insulating heat exchanger to have aluminum nitride. Ceramics of this type can fulfill the requirements of high thermal conductivity, at the same time with electrical insulation. Moreover, the printed conductor tracks can, for example, be manufactured from aluminum, with the result that, because of the high affmity between aluminum and aluminum nitride, the connection between the thermoelement legs and the fastening points is stabilized.
With regard to the electrical design of the arrangement, there may be provision for the electrically conductive layers to connect the thermoelement legs in series with one another.
It is likewise possible for the electrically conductive layers to connect the thermoelement legs in parallel with one another.
In a development of the embodiments mentioned, there may likewise be provision for the electrically conductive layers to connect groups of thermoelement legs in parallel with one another and to connect these groups in series with one another.
Depending on the electrical requirements, the voltages desired for given temperature conditions can thus be generated by means of the series connection of the thermoelement legs, while sufficiently high currents are made available by virtue of the parallel connection of individual thermoelement legs or of the thermoelement legs combined into groups.
According to a preferred embodiment, there is provision for the medium to be heated to be liquid, in particular water, and for the heat contact portion to lie opposite a flame tube end.
The invention can therefore be employed within the framework of what is known as a water heating apparatus. In this case, it is useful to provide the heat contact portion opposite to a flame tube end, that is to say in the region of the burner bottom. The highest temperatures occur at this point, so that the thennoelectric device can operate with high efficiency.
Expediently, there is provision for an interspace, receiving the thermoelement legs, between the wall and the electrically insulating heat exchanger to be sealed off by means of a sealing device against the ingress of the liquid medium to be heated, and for the sealing device to be suitable for compensating thermally induced expansions.
The seal thus at the same time ensures that no water comes into contact with the thermoelement legs and that sufficient mechanical flexibility is made available for the compensation of thermal expansions. The seal may have, in particular, two components. One component is optimized in terms of heat insulation, and the other component serves for providing the useful elasticity which compensates thermal expansions. With a suitable choice of material, these two components may be implemented in the form of one unitary component, that is to say in the form of a highly heat-insulating elastic seal. A compound seal of this type may be designed, for example, as a silicone/A1203 seal.
According to a further preferred embodiment, there is provision for the medium to be heated to be gaseous, in particular air, and for the heat contact portion to lie in the region of an inlet for the gaseous medium to be heated. The invention can therefore also be implemented within the framework of what are known as air heating apparatuses. Since the air has the lowest temperature in the region of the air inlet, but heats up rapidly when it passes through the heating apparatus, it is expedient, in order to achieve as high a thermoelectric efficiency as possible, to arrange the thermoelectric device in the region of the air inlet.
With regard to this arrangement of the thermoelectric device in the air heating apparatus, there is expediently provision for an interspace, receiving the thermoelement legs, between the wall and the electrically insulating heat exchanger to be protected by means of a windbreak against the ingress of the gaseous medium to be heated. Since the functioning capacity of the device would be adversely influenced by the contact of the thermoelement legs with cold air, the simple measure of a windbreak constitutes a useful development of the invention.
According to a further embodiment of the invention, there must be provision for the thermoelectric device to be supported on the housing via an elastic connection. This mounting of the thermoelectric device makes available an improvement in the compensation of thermally induced expansions. The thermoelectric device is thus held in a stable way, but the elastic mounting makes sufficient flexibility available.
For example, this may be implemented such that the thermoelectric device is supported on the housing via a heat exchanger and elastic means. The heat exchanger, around which the liquid or gaseous heat transfer medium flows, can thus assume the task of providing an elastic connection.
In a development of this idea, there may be provision for the thermoelectric device to be supported on the housing via a heat exchanger and a plate supporting the heat exchanger and equipped with elastic means.
In this regard, it is possible for the heat exchanger and the plate equipped with elastic means to be produced in one piece.
In a simple and effective implementation of these arrangements compensating thermal expansions, the elastic connection comprises cup springs.
Furthermore, the invention is developed particularly advantageously in that a mechanical connection between the wall and the heat exchanger has a heat-insulating material. Undesirable thermal compensation between the wall and the heat exchanger is thereby avoided, so that the thermoelectric device can operate with high efficiency.
Depending on the electrical requirements, the voltages desired for given temperature conditions can thus be generated by means of the series connection of the thermoelement legs, while sufficiently high currents are made available by virtue of the parallel connection of individual thermoelement legs or of the thermoelement legs combined into groups.
According to a preferred embodiment, there is provision for the medium to be heated to be liquid, in particular water, and for the heat contact portion to lie opposite a flame tube end.
The invention can therefore be employed within the framework of what is known as a water heating apparatus. In this case, it is useful to provide the heat contact portion opposite to a flame tube end, that is to say in the region of the burner bottom. The highest temperatures occur at this point, so that the thennoelectric device can operate with high efficiency.
Expediently, there is provision for an interspace, receiving the thermoelement legs, between the wall and the electrically insulating heat exchanger to be sealed off by means of a sealing device against the ingress of the liquid medium to be heated, and for the sealing device to be suitable for compensating thermally induced expansions.
The seal thus at the same time ensures that no water comes into contact with the thermoelement legs and that sufficient mechanical flexibility is made available for the compensation of thermal expansions. The seal may have, in particular, two components. One component is optimized in terms of heat insulation, and the other component serves for providing the useful elasticity which compensates thermal expansions. With a suitable choice of material, these two components may be implemented in the form of one unitary component, that is to say in the form of a highly heat-insulating elastic seal. A compound seal of this type may be designed, for example, as a silicone/A1203 seal.
According to a further preferred embodiment, there is provision for the medium to be heated to be gaseous, in particular air, and for the heat contact portion to lie in the region of an inlet for the gaseous medium to be heated. The invention can therefore also be implemented within the framework of what are known as air heating apparatuses. Since the air has the lowest temperature in the region of the air inlet, but heats up rapidly when it passes through the heating apparatus, it is expedient, in order to achieve as high a thermoelectric efficiency as possible, to arrange the thermoelectric device in the region of the air inlet.
With regard to this arrangement of the thermoelectric device in the air heating apparatus, there is expediently provision for an interspace, receiving the thermoelement legs, between the wall and the electrically insulating heat exchanger to be protected by means of a windbreak against the ingress of the gaseous medium to be heated. Since the functioning capacity of the device would be adversely influenced by the contact of the thermoelement legs with cold air, the simple measure of a windbreak constitutes a useful development of the invention.
According to a further embodiment of the invention, there must be provision for the thermoelectric device to be supported on the housing via an elastic connection. This mounting of the thermoelectric device makes available an improvement in the compensation of thermally induced expansions. The thermoelectric device is thus held in a stable way, but the elastic mounting makes sufficient flexibility available.
For example, this may be implemented such that the thermoelectric device is supported on the housing via a heat exchanger and elastic means. The heat exchanger, around which the liquid or gaseous heat transfer medium flows, can thus assume the task of providing an elastic connection.
In a development of this idea, there may be provision for the thermoelectric device to be supported on the housing via a heat exchanger and a plate supporting the heat exchanger and equipped with elastic means.
In this regard, it is possible for the heat exchanger and the plate equipped with elastic means to be produced in one piece.
In a simple and effective implementation of these arrangements compensating thermal expansions, the elastic connection comprises cup springs.
Furthermore, the invention is developed particularly advantageously in that a mechanical connection between the wall and the heat exchanger has a heat-insulating material. Undesirable thermal compensation between the wall and the heat exchanger is thereby avoided, so that the thermoelectric device can operate with high efficiency.
For example, there may be provision for the heat-insulating material to contain aluminum oxide and/or mullite.
Furthermore, it is expedient that the connection between the first housing and the heat exchanger has a sealing device which is suitable for sealing off the thermoelectric device against the medium to be heated and for compensating thermally induced expansions.
It is likewise possible for the wall and the heat-insulating material and/or the sealing device to be produced in one piece.
In a comparable way, there may be provision for the heat exchanger and the heat-insulating material and/or the sealing device to be produced in one piece. The possibility of implementing these one-piece versions depends, in turn, on the suitable choice of material for the structural parts used.
For further improvement in the thermoelectric properties, there is provision for a heat conduction means to be provided between the thermoelectric device and the wall and/or between the thermoelectric device and the heat exchanger. By virtue of such a heat conduction means, the thermoelement legs are tied thermally to the heat source and the heat sink in an improved way.
This may be implemented, for example, in that the heat conduction means has a heat conduction paste.
Another possibility is for the heat conduction means to have a heat conduction foil.
The invention, then, is explained by way of example by means of a preferred embodiment, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
figure 1 shows a partial sectional view of a heating apparatus according to the invention;
figure 2 shows a detail of a heating apparatus according to the invention;
figure 3 shows a partial sectional view of a further embodiment of a heating apparatus according to the invention;
_ 6 _ figure 4 shows a partial sectional view of a further embodiment of a heating apparatus according to the invention.
In the following description of the drawings, the same reference symbols designate identical or comparable components.
Figure 1 shows a partial sectional view of a heating apparatus according to the invention; figure 2 shows a detail of a heating apparatus according to the invention.
The heating apparatus 10, that is to say, in particular, the heat exchanger arrangement illustrated in figure 1, is of essentially axially symmetrical construction, an inner wall 12 and an outer housing 16 being provided. A flame tube 28 is arranged within the wall 12, exhaust gases which emerge from the flame tube 28 heating the inside of the wall 12. Between the wall 12 and the housing 16, an interspace 18 is provided, through which a heat transfer medium, for example water, flows, so that the wall 12 functions as a heat exchanger for the transmission of combustion heat to the heat transfer medium. A plurality of thennoelement legs 20 are arranged on a bottom of the wall 12, said bottom being provided as a heat contact portion 24. The thermoelement legs 20 are connected to the heat contact portion 24 of the wall 12, in each case with an end region, via electrically conductive layers 22. The thermoelement legs 20 are connected via their other end regions to a heat exchanger 26 which is arranged in the interspace 18 between the wall 12 and the housing 16.
The interspace 32 between the heat contact portion 24 and the heat exchanger 26 is surrounded by a seal 34, so that the heat transfer medium cannot penetrate into the interspace 32. The basic tie-up of the thermoelement legs 20 via the electrically conductive layers is illustrated in the detail A in figure 2. The electrically conductive layers 22 serve for electrically connecting the thermoelement legs 20 selectively to one another. This is possible, since both the wall 12 or at least the heat contact portion 24 and, at least partially, the heat exchanger 26 are manufactured from electrically insulating material which, however, easily has sufficient thermal conductivity for operating the thermoelectric device. Then, for example, two adjacent thermoelement legs 20 are connected to one another, on their side facing the wall 12, via the electrically conductive layers 22, while the next thermoelement leg is tied up electrically on the side facing the heat exchanger 26. The next thermoelement leg 20, in turn, is tied up electrically on the side facing the wall 12, and so on and so forth. If this electrical tie-up is selected, a series connection of the thermoelement legs 20 is obtained. Consequently, a thermoelectric voltage, which represents the sum of thermoelectric voltages of the individual thermoelement legs 20, can be picked up from the arrangement, using the electrical connection 44. It is likewise possible to connect the thermoelement legs electrically in parallel in groups and then to connect these groups in series. Thus, with a low voltage, an increased current output is possible. The electrically insulating heat exchanger 26 is connected to the housing 16 in the region of the electrical connection 44. The connection is made via a seal 46.
Figure 3 shows a partial sectional view of a fixrther embodiment of a heating apparatus according to the invention. The embodiment of the heating apparatus according to the invention, as shown in figure 3, differs from the embodiment described with regard to figure 1 in that the heat exchanger 26 is supported on the housing 16 via a plate 40 equipped with cup springs 42. A stable arrangement is thereby available, reliable thermal contact between the themoelement legs and the wall 12 and also the heat exchanger 26 being available due to the suitable rating of the spring forces. In terms of heat contact, there may also advantageously be provision for a heat conduction means, for example a heat conduction paste or a heat conduction foil, to be provided between the thermoelement legs 20 and the wall 12 or the heat exchanger 26.
In the embodiments according to figure 1 and figure 3, the thermoelectric device is arranged in the region in which the highest exhaust gas temperatures are available. In the embodiment according to figure 4, which relates to an air heating apparatus, this is different, as is described with reference to the following drawing.
Figure 4 shows a partial sectional view of a further embodiment of a heating apparatus according to the invention. In addition to the components already described with regard to figures 1 to 3, a fuel supply 46, combustion air ports 48, 50, an exhaust gas outlet 52 and a hot air outlet 54 can be seen. In contrast to the embodiments which were described with regard to figures 1 to 3 and which relate to a water heating apparatus, figure 4 illustrates an air heating apparatus, the heat contact portion 24 of the wall 12 being arranged here in the region of the air inlet 36. Thus, the heat exchanger 26 comes into contact with the cold air flowing in, so that the various sides of the thermoelement legs 20 have as high a temperature difference as possible. In the embodiment illustrated, the thermoelements 20 are connected in series via the electrically conductive layers 22. As regards the other connection variants, reference is made to the statements relating to figures 1 to 3. The connection variants should preferably be selected such that the voltages occurring in the case of customary temperature differences are such that, without additional direct voltage conversion, the voltage emitted by the thermoelement leg can be utilized either for components of - $ -the air heating apparatus or other vehicle components, for example by feeding into the vehicle power supply.
The features of the invention which are disclosed in the above description, in the drawings and in the claims may be essential both individually and in any desired combination for the implementation of the invention.
List of reference symbols:
Heating apparatus 12 Wall 14 Region 16 Housing 18 Interspace Thermoelement leg 22 Electrically conductive layers 24 Heat contact portion 26 Heat exchanger 28 Flame tube Flame tube end 32 Interspace 34 Sealing device 36 Air inlet 38 Windbreak Plate 42 Cup spring 44 Electrical connection 46 Seal 48 Combustion air port Combustion air port 52 Exhaust gas outlet 54 Hot air outlet
Furthermore, it is expedient that the connection between the first housing and the heat exchanger has a sealing device which is suitable for sealing off the thermoelectric device against the medium to be heated and for compensating thermally induced expansions.
It is likewise possible for the wall and the heat-insulating material and/or the sealing device to be produced in one piece.
In a comparable way, there may be provision for the heat exchanger and the heat-insulating material and/or the sealing device to be produced in one piece. The possibility of implementing these one-piece versions depends, in turn, on the suitable choice of material for the structural parts used.
For further improvement in the thermoelectric properties, there is provision for a heat conduction means to be provided between the thermoelectric device and the wall and/or between the thermoelectric device and the heat exchanger. By virtue of such a heat conduction means, the thermoelement legs are tied thermally to the heat source and the heat sink in an improved way.
This may be implemented, for example, in that the heat conduction means has a heat conduction paste.
Another possibility is for the heat conduction means to have a heat conduction foil.
The invention, then, is explained by way of example by means of a preferred embodiment, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
figure 1 shows a partial sectional view of a heating apparatus according to the invention;
figure 2 shows a detail of a heating apparatus according to the invention;
figure 3 shows a partial sectional view of a further embodiment of a heating apparatus according to the invention;
_ 6 _ figure 4 shows a partial sectional view of a further embodiment of a heating apparatus according to the invention.
In the following description of the drawings, the same reference symbols designate identical or comparable components.
Figure 1 shows a partial sectional view of a heating apparatus according to the invention; figure 2 shows a detail of a heating apparatus according to the invention.
The heating apparatus 10, that is to say, in particular, the heat exchanger arrangement illustrated in figure 1, is of essentially axially symmetrical construction, an inner wall 12 and an outer housing 16 being provided. A flame tube 28 is arranged within the wall 12, exhaust gases which emerge from the flame tube 28 heating the inside of the wall 12. Between the wall 12 and the housing 16, an interspace 18 is provided, through which a heat transfer medium, for example water, flows, so that the wall 12 functions as a heat exchanger for the transmission of combustion heat to the heat transfer medium. A plurality of thennoelement legs 20 are arranged on a bottom of the wall 12, said bottom being provided as a heat contact portion 24. The thermoelement legs 20 are connected to the heat contact portion 24 of the wall 12, in each case with an end region, via electrically conductive layers 22. The thermoelement legs 20 are connected via their other end regions to a heat exchanger 26 which is arranged in the interspace 18 between the wall 12 and the housing 16.
The interspace 32 between the heat contact portion 24 and the heat exchanger 26 is surrounded by a seal 34, so that the heat transfer medium cannot penetrate into the interspace 32. The basic tie-up of the thermoelement legs 20 via the electrically conductive layers is illustrated in the detail A in figure 2. The electrically conductive layers 22 serve for electrically connecting the thermoelement legs 20 selectively to one another. This is possible, since both the wall 12 or at least the heat contact portion 24 and, at least partially, the heat exchanger 26 are manufactured from electrically insulating material which, however, easily has sufficient thermal conductivity for operating the thermoelectric device. Then, for example, two adjacent thermoelement legs 20 are connected to one another, on their side facing the wall 12, via the electrically conductive layers 22, while the next thermoelement leg is tied up electrically on the side facing the heat exchanger 26. The next thermoelement leg 20, in turn, is tied up electrically on the side facing the wall 12, and so on and so forth. If this electrical tie-up is selected, a series connection of the thermoelement legs 20 is obtained. Consequently, a thermoelectric voltage, which represents the sum of thermoelectric voltages of the individual thermoelement legs 20, can be picked up from the arrangement, using the electrical connection 44. It is likewise possible to connect the thermoelement legs electrically in parallel in groups and then to connect these groups in series. Thus, with a low voltage, an increased current output is possible. The electrically insulating heat exchanger 26 is connected to the housing 16 in the region of the electrical connection 44. The connection is made via a seal 46.
Figure 3 shows a partial sectional view of a fixrther embodiment of a heating apparatus according to the invention. The embodiment of the heating apparatus according to the invention, as shown in figure 3, differs from the embodiment described with regard to figure 1 in that the heat exchanger 26 is supported on the housing 16 via a plate 40 equipped with cup springs 42. A stable arrangement is thereby available, reliable thermal contact between the themoelement legs and the wall 12 and also the heat exchanger 26 being available due to the suitable rating of the spring forces. In terms of heat contact, there may also advantageously be provision for a heat conduction means, for example a heat conduction paste or a heat conduction foil, to be provided between the thermoelement legs 20 and the wall 12 or the heat exchanger 26.
In the embodiments according to figure 1 and figure 3, the thermoelectric device is arranged in the region in which the highest exhaust gas temperatures are available. In the embodiment according to figure 4, which relates to an air heating apparatus, this is different, as is described with reference to the following drawing.
Figure 4 shows a partial sectional view of a further embodiment of a heating apparatus according to the invention. In addition to the components already described with regard to figures 1 to 3, a fuel supply 46, combustion air ports 48, 50, an exhaust gas outlet 52 and a hot air outlet 54 can be seen. In contrast to the embodiments which were described with regard to figures 1 to 3 and which relate to a water heating apparatus, figure 4 illustrates an air heating apparatus, the heat contact portion 24 of the wall 12 being arranged here in the region of the air inlet 36. Thus, the heat exchanger 26 comes into contact with the cold air flowing in, so that the various sides of the thermoelement legs 20 have as high a temperature difference as possible. In the embodiment illustrated, the thermoelements 20 are connected in series via the electrically conductive layers 22. As regards the other connection variants, reference is made to the statements relating to figures 1 to 3. The connection variants should preferably be selected such that the voltages occurring in the case of customary temperature differences are such that, without additional direct voltage conversion, the voltage emitted by the thermoelement leg can be utilized either for components of - $ -the air heating apparatus or other vehicle components, for example by feeding into the vehicle power supply.
The features of the invention which are disclosed in the above description, in the drawings and in the claims may be essential both individually and in any desired combination for the implementation of the invention.
List of reference symbols:
Heating apparatus 12 Wall 14 Region 16 Housing 18 Interspace Thermoelement leg 22 Electrically conductive layers 24 Heat contact portion 26 Heat exchanger 28 Flame tube Flame tube end 32 Interspace 34 Sealing device 36 Air inlet 38 Windbreak Plate 42 Cup spring 44 Electrical connection 46 Seal 48 Combustion air port Combustion air port 52 Exhaust gas outlet 54 Hot air outlet
Claims (23)
1. A heating apparatus, comprising - a wall which, at its inner side, adjoins a region for routing hot exhaust gases, - a housing surrounding the wall at least partially, a medium to be heated flowing through an interspace between the wall and the housing, and - a thermoelectric device which is arranged in the interspace and comprises a plurality thermoelement legs and which is suitable for generating an electrical voltage on account of a temperature difference between the exhaust gases and the medium to be heated, - wherein the wall is designed to be at least partially electrically insulating, - wherein the thermoelement legs are fastened, with a first end region, to a heat contact portion of the wall via electrically conductive layers, - wherein a heat exchanger is provided which is at least partially electrically insulating and arranged opposite the heat contact portion of the wall, - wherein the thermoelement legs are fastened, with a second end region, to the electrically insulating heat exchanger via electrically conductive layers, and - wherein the electrically conductive layers connect the respective end regions of the thermoelement legs at least partially to one another, characterized in that a mechanical connection between the wall and the heat exchanger comprises a heat-insulating material and a sealing means, such that an interspace between the heat contact portion of the wall and the heat exchanger is surrounded by this sealing means and the heat carrier medium may not enter the interspace.
2. The heating apparatus as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that the wall consists at last partially of an electrically insulating ceramic having a high thermal conductivity.
3. The heating apparatus as set forth in claim tor 2, characterized in that the electrically insulating heat exchanger consists at least partially of a ceramic having a high thermal conductivity.
4. The heating apparatus as set forth in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the ceramic for the wall and/or for the electrically insulating heat exchanger comprises aluminum nitride.
5. The heating apparatus as set forth in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the electrically conductive layers connect the thermoelement legs in series with one another.
6. The heating apparatus as set forth in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the electrically conductive layers connect the thermoelement legs in parallel with one another.
7. The heating apparatus as set forth in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the electrically conductive layers connect groups of thermoelement legs in parallel with one another and connect these groups in series with one another.
8. The heating apparatus as set forth in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that:
the medium to be heated is liquid, in particular water, and the heat contact portion is arranged opposite a flame tube end.
the medium to be heated is liquid, in particular water, and the heat contact portion is arranged opposite a flame tube end.
9. The heating apparatus as set forth in claim 8, characterized in that the sealing means is suitable for compensating thermally induced expansions.
10. The heating apparatus as set forth in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that:
the medium to be heated is gaseous, in particular air, and the heat contact portion is arranged in the region of an inlet for the gaseous medium to be heated.
the medium to be heated is gaseous, in particular air, and the heat contact portion is arranged in the region of an inlet for the gaseous medium to be heated.
11. The heating apparatus as set forth in claim 10, characterized in that an interspace, accommodating the thermoelement legs, between the wall and the electrically insulating heat exchanger is protected by means of a windbreak against an ingress of the gaseous medium to be heated.
12. The heating apparatus as set forth in any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that the thermoelectric device is supported by the housing via an elastic connection.
13. The heating apparatus as set forth in any one of claims 1-12, characterized in that the thermoelectric device is supported by the housing via a heat exchanger and elastic means.
14. The heating apparatus as set forth in any one of claims 1-13, characterized in that the thermoelectric device is supported by the housing via a heat exchanger and a plate supporting the heat exchanger and equipped with elastic means.
15. The heating apparatus as set forth in claim 14, characterized in that the heat exchanger and the plate equipped with elastic means are produced in one piece.
16. The heating apparatus as set forth in any one of claims 1-15, characterized in that the elastic connection comprises cup springs.
17. The heating apparatus as set forth in claim 16, characterized in that the heat-insulating material contains aluminum oxide and/or mullite.
18. The heating apparatus as set forth in claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the connection between the first housing and the heat exchanger comprises a seal which is suitable for sealing off the thermoelectric device against the medium to be heated and for compensating thermally induced expansions.
19. The heating apparatus as set forth in claim 18, characterized in that the wall and the heat-insulating material and/or the sealing means are produced in one piece.
20. The heating apparatus as set forth claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the heat exchanger and the heat-insulating material and/or the sealing means are produced in one piece.
21. The heating apparatus as set forth in any one of claims 1-20, characterized in that a heat conduction means is provided between the thermoelectric device and the wall and/or between the thermoelectric device and the heat exchanger.
22. The heating apparatus as set forth in claim 21, characterized in that the heat conduction means comprises a heat conduction paste.
23. The heating apparatus as set forth in claim 21, characterized in that the heat conduction means comprises a heat conduction foil.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005029184 | 2005-06-23 | ||
| DE102005029184.8 | 2005-06-23 | ||
| DE102005036768A DE102005036768A1 (en) | 2005-06-23 | 2005-08-04 | Heating device e.g. air heater, for motor vehicle, has thermoelectric device with leg that with end regions attached at contact section and heat exchanger by layers, where exchanger and wall are made of ceramic having high heat conductivity |
| DE102005036768.2 | 2005-08-04 | ||
| PCT/DE2006/001079 WO2006136149A1 (en) | 2005-06-23 | 2006-06-23 | Heating apparatus comprising a thermoelectric device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2613300A1 CA2613300A1 (en) | 2006-12-28 |
| CA2613300C true CA2613300C (en) | 2011-11-15 |
Family
ID=37068562
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2613300A Expired - Fee Related CA2613300C (en) | 2005-06-23 | 2006-06-23 | Heating apparatus comprising a thermoelectric device |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20100115968A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1915266B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4858788B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100923608B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101203393B (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE496786T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2613300C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE102005036768A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2006136149A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT507704B1 (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2012-06-15 | Fronius Int Gmbh | DEVICE FOR LOADING AN ENERGY STORAGE, AND METHOD FOR GENERATING HEAT ENERGY |
| DE102010001536A1 (en) * | 2010-02-03 | 2011-08-04 | Robert Bosch GmbH, 70469 | Thermoelectric generator with integrated preloaded bearing |
| DE102010028879A1 (en) * | 2010-05-11 | 2011-11-17 | Angewandte System Technik Gmbh Energie & Umwelttechnik | Heater for generating heat and electrical energy to preheat diesel combustion engine of e.g. lorry, has heat exchanger preceding generator unit in exhaust gas flow direction, where generator unit precedes exchanger in fluid flow direction |
| FR3006246B1 (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2016-03-04 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | HOMOGENEOUSING GRID OF AIR FLOW AND CORRESPONDING HEATING APPARATUS |
| WO2015023847A1 (en) * | 2013-08-16 | 2015-02-19 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Systems and methods for thermophotovoltaics with storage |
| CN108249751A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2018-07-06 | 中天科技精密材料有限公司 | Attemperator, optical fiber prefabricating sintering furnace and the method for preparing preform |
| DE102017119077A1 (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2019-02-21 | Eberspächer Climate Control Systems GmbH & Co. KG | vehicle heater |
| DE102018000457A1 (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2019-07-25 | Gerd Gaiser | heater |
| DE102021102740A1 (en) | 2021-02-05 | 2022-08-11 | Vaillant Gmbh | Method and arrangement for detecting and/or observing flames and their effects in a heating device and burner body constructed accordingly |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3129116A (en) | 1960-03-02 | 1964-04-14 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Thermoelectric device |
| DE1539323A1 (en) * | 1966-06-08 | 1969-10-02 | Siemens Ag | Thermogenerator |
| US4746637A (en) * | 1984-11-08 | 1988-05-24 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Aluminum nitride sintered body and process for producing the same |
| DE3866533D1 (en) * | 1988-01-30 | 1992-01-09 | Rieter Ag Maschf | HEAT EXHAUST FROM TEXTILE MACHINES. |
| CN1010532B (en) * | 1988-04-01 | 1990-11-21 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Heat-electricity converter and its making method |
| US5450869A (en) * | 1992-03-25 | 1995-09-19 | Volvo Flygmotor Ab | Heater mechanism including a light compact thermoelectric converter |
| ATE217449T1 (en) * | 1997-02-21 | 2002-05-15 | Volvo Aero Corp | THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR |
| US6530231B1 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2003-03-11 | Te Technology, Inc. | Thermoelectric assembly sealing member and thermoelectric assembly incorporating same |
| DE10111892C1 (en) * | 2001-03-13 | 2002-08-22 | Gkn Sinter Metals Gmbh | Sintered, highly porous body |
| JP3526558B2 (en) * | 2001-03-26 | 2004-05-17 | 株式会社東芝 | Thermoelectric conversion module and heat exchanger using the same |
| US7166796B2 (en) * | 2001-09-06 | 2007-01-23 | Nicolaou Michael C | Method for producing a device for direct thermoelectric energy conversion |
| KR20030064292A (en) * | 2002-01-25 | 2003-07-31 | 가부시키가이샤 고마쓰 세이사쿠쇼 | Thermoelectric module |
| EP1332897A3 (en) * | 2002-01-31 | 2004-04-21 | J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG | Heat exchanger assembly for a heater, in particular an auxiliary heater or an additional heater for a vehicle |
| DE10235601A1 (en) * | 2002-01-31 | 2003-08-14 | Eberspaecher J Gmbh & Co | Heat exchanger arrangement for a heater, in particular auxiliary heater or additional heater for a vehicle |
| JP4460846B2 (en) * | 2003-04-18 | 2010-05-12 | 株式会社東芝 | Power generation system with in-vehicle combustor |
-
2005
- 2005-08-04 DE DE102005036768A patent/DE102005036768A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2006
- 2006-06-23 DE DE502006008818T patent/DE502006008818D1/en active Active
- 2006-06-23 JP JP2008517315A patent/JP4858788B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-06-23 KR KR1020077029579A patent/KR100923608B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-06-23 EP EP06753284A patent/EP1915266B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-06-23 AT AT06753284T patent/ATE496786T1/en active
- 2006-06-23 CA CA2613300A patent/CA2613300C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-06-23 US US11/993,608 patent/US20100115968A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-06-23 CN CN2006800225780A patent/CN101203393B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-06-23 WO PCT/DE2006/001079 patent/WO2006136149A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20080021034A (en) | 2008-03-06 |
| JP2008546978A (en) | 2008-12-25 |
| EP1915266B1 (en) | 2011-01-26 |
| DE102005036768A1 (en) | 2006-12-28 |
| US20100115968A1 (en) | 2010-05-13 |
| DE502006008818D1 (en) | 2011-03-10 |
| WO2006136149A1 (en) | 2006-12-28 |
| CN101203393A (en) | 2008-06-18 |
| CA2613300A1 (en) | 2006-12-28 |
| KR100923608B1 (en) | 2009-10-23 |
| JP4858788B2 (en) | 2012-01-18 |
| ATE496786T1 (en) | 2011-02-15 |
| EP1915266A1 (en) | 2008-04-30 |
| CN101203393B (en) | 2011-05-11 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20200831 |