CA2604977C - Non-toxic heavy-metal-free zinc peroxide-containing, ir tracer compositions and ir tracer projectiles containing same for generating a dim visibility ir trace - Google Patents
Non-toxic heavy-metal-free zinc peroxide-containing, ir tracer compositions and ir tracer projectiles containing same for generating a dim visibility ir trace Download PDFInfo
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- CA2604977C CA2604977C CA2604977A CA2604977A CA2604977C CA 2604977 C CA2604977 C CA 2604977C CA 2604977 A CA2604977 A CA 2604977A CA 2604977 A CA2604977 A CA 2604977A CA 2604977 C CA2604977 C CA 2604977C
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
- C06C15/00—Pyrophoric compositions; Flints
Abstract
Novel non-toxic, heavy-metal free, zinc peroxide-containing, IR tracer compositions are provided herein, which, when incorporated into a medium caliber IR
tracer projectile and fired, produce a dim visibility IR trace. Such IR tracer compositions comprise from about 65 to about 75% by weight, of zinc peroxide;
from about 15 to about 25% by weight of a non-metallic fuel which consists of sodium salicylate; and an effective amount of a binder which is selected from the group consisting of calcium resinate and cellulose acetate butyrate. The total percentage of the ingredients adds up to 100%. Medium caliber, i.e., 0.50 caliber, IR tracer projectiles containing such IR tracer compositions are also provided.
tracer projectile and fired, produce a dim visibility IR trace. Such IR tracer compositions comprise from about 65 to about 75% by weight, of zinc peroxide;
from about 15 to about 25% by weight of a non-metallic fuel which consists of sodium salicylate; and an effective amount of a binder which is selected from the group consisting of calcium resinate and cellulose acetate butyrate. The total percentage of the ingredients adds up to 100%. Medium caliber, i.e., 0.50 caliber, IR tracer projectiles containing such IR tracer compositions are also provided.
Description
POTICA2 0 0 6 / 00.0 4 5 5 JUNE ZQQ7 , NON-TOXIC, HEAVY-METAL FREE ZINC PEROXIDE-CONTAINING, IR
TRACER COMPOSITIONS AND IR TRACER PROJECTILES
CONTAINING SAME FOR GENERATING A DIM VISIBILITY IR TRACE
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[001] This invention relates to non-toxic, zinc peroxide-containing, IR tracer compositions and to IR tracer projectiles containing such compositions which, when fired, generate a dim visibility IR trace.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
TRACER COMPOSITIONS AND IR TRACER PROJECTILES
CONTAINING SAME FOR GENERATING A DIM VISIBILITY IR TRACE
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[001] This invention relates to non-toxic, zinc peroxide-containing, IR tracer compositions and to IR tracer projectiles containing such compositions which, when fired, generate a dim visibility IR trace.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[002] Tracer projectiles provide a reliable means of determining whether projectiles impact on the desired target or whether adjustments in aim are necessary. One problem with the use of conventional tracer projectiles is that they emit visible light, which thereby makes the source of the tracer ammunition discernable to the enemy.
Another problem with conventional tracer projectiles is that they contain metallic fuels, which tend to be toxic and pollute the environment. The art is replete with patents which are directed to tracer compositions, incendiary compositions and pyrotechnic compositions. Many such prior art patents describe compositions which contain toxic metals and other compounds which pollute the environment, are difficult to incorporate into an IR projectile, and/or that emit excessive visible light and heat.
Examples of such patents include US Patent Nos. 5,661,257; 5,587,552;
5,472,536;
4,979, 999; 4,597,810; 4,094,711; 2,899,291; 4,719,856; 3,983,816; 4,881,464;
Another problem with conventional tracer projectiles is that they contain metallic fuels, which tend to be toxic and pollute the environment. The art is replete with patents which are directed to tracer compositions, incendiary compositions and pyrotechnic compositions. Many such prior art patents describe compositions which contain toxic metals and other compounds which pollute the environment, are difficult to incorporate into an IR projectile, and/or that emit excessive visible light and heat.
Examples of such patents include US Patent Nos. 5,661,257; 5,587,552;
5,472,536;
4,979, 999; 4,597,810; 4,094,711; 2,899,291; 4,719,856; 3,983,816; 4,881,464;
3,986,907; and 3,503,814. Still other patents suffer from drawbacks, as follows:
[003] US Patent No. 5,811,724, patented Sep 22, 1998, INFRARED TRACER FOR
AMMUNITION and assigned to Primex Technologies Inc. Those patented compositions included both strontium and barium. However, such IR tracer compositions suffer from the defect that barium is a toxic element. In addition, the disclosed tracer compositions comprise a peroxide component from between 35-90%
weight, but any amount below or above the stated range is specifically excluded. The disclosed oxidizers, including barium nitrate, are said to be more energetic than the peroxide component. The compositions of this patent include a silicon component.
[003] US Patent No. 5,811,724, patented Sep 22, 1998, INFRARED TRACER FOR
AMMUNITION and assigned to Primex Technologies Inc. Those patented compositions included both strontium and barium. However, such IR tracer compositions suffer from the defect that barium is a toxic element. In addition, the disclosed tracer compositions comprise a peroxide component from between 35-90%
weight, but any amount below or above the stated range is specifically excluded. The disclosed oxidizers, including barium nitrate, are said to be more energetic than the peroxide component. The compositions of this patent include a silicon component.
[004] US Patent No. 4,363,679, patented Dec. 14, 1982, USE OF ZINC PEROXIDE
AS OXIDANT FOR EXPLOSIVES AND PYROTECHNICAL MIXTURES, and AMENED E D SHEET
11 JUNE 2007 11 - 0 6.2007 assigned to Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft. Such patented compositions comprising zinc peroxide alone or in combination with potassium nitrate, thereby overcoming the barium and strontium oxidizers of the prior art. However this patent also discloses pyrotechnic mixtures containing reductants, e.g., metals or metallic alloys, or organic reductants, e.g. polyoxymethylene, lactose, or polyethylene as well as binders, e.g., thermoplastic polymers, examples of which include polyvinyl acetals, methyl methacrylates, polybutadienes, and the derivatives thereof, polyurethanes, or acrylonitriles, cellulose nitrates, polyvinyl nitrates, or polynitropolyphenylene.The patent also teaches an explosive composition comprising lead trinitroresorcinate or diazodinitrophenol, tetrazene, zinc peroxide, and titanium powder. Many of the disclosed elements are toxic. None of the disclosed compositions are infrared tracer compositions.
AS OXIDANT FOR EXPLOSIVES AND PYROTECHNICAL MIXTURES, and AMENED E D SHEET
11 JUNE 2007 11 - 0 6.2007 assigned to Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft. Such patented compositions comprising zinc peroxide alone or in combination with potassium nitrate, thereby overcoming the barium and strontium oxidizers of the prior art. However this patent also discloses pyrotechnic mixtures containing reductants, e.g., metals or metallic alloys, or organic reductants, e.g. polyoxymethylene, lactose, or polyethylene as well as binders, e.g., thermoplastic polymers, examples of which include polyvinyl acetals, methyl methacrylates, polybutadienes, and the derivatives thereof, polyurethanes, or acrylonitriles, cellulose nitrates, polyvinyl nitrates, or polynitropolyphenylene.The patent also teaches an explosive composition comprising lead trinitroresorcinate or diazodinitrophenol, tetrazene, zinc peroxide, and titanium powder. Many of the disclosed elements are toxic. None of the disclosed compositions are infrared tracer compositions.
[005] US Patent No. 6,969,433, patented Nov. 29, 2005, GRANULATED GAS
CHARGES, and assigned to Delphi Technologies, Inc. Such patented pyrotechnic compositions employ cellulose acetate butyrate as a binder. The disclosed compositions contain between 5 and 50% by weight binders; between 0 and 90% by weight oxidizing agents; and/or between 0 and 75% of an organic, notably nitrogen-free, fuel. The patent further teaches the use of graphite, water glass, nitrates and perchlorates of the alkali and alkaline earth elements are suitable as coating additives.
The oxidizers include zinc peroxide and other oxides of transition metals such as iron, copper and manganese. Many of the disclosed compositions emit toxic effluents and none are infrared tracer compositions.
CHARGES, and assigned to Delphi Technologies, Inc. Such patented pyrotechnic compositions employ cellulose acetate butyrate as a binder. The disclosed compositions contain between 5 and 50% by weight binders; between 0 and 90% by weight oxidizing agents; and/or between 0 and 75% of an organic, notably nitrogen-free, fuel. The patent further teaches the use of graphite, water glass, nitrates and perchlorates of the alkali and alkaline earth elements are suitable as coating additives.
The oxidizers include zinc peroxide and other oxides of transition metals such as iron, copper and manganese. Many of the disclosed compositions emit toxic effluents and none are infrared tracer compositions.
[006] There remain many problems with the prior art compositions, including those that pollute the environment and those which produce excessive light or heat.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
AIMS OF THE INVENTION
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
AIMS OF THE INVENTION
[007] Various aspects of the present invention are now summarized.
[008] Accordingly it is an object of a first aspect of the present invention to provide improved IR tracer compositions and projectiles in which visible emissions are E1,41017-D, HE-ET
4 'JUNE ?007 11 04@2Q
suppressed, whereby camouflage is optimized and an enemy cannot visually locate the source of the tracer projectile or the line of fire in order to direct a counter-attack toward that location.
4 'JUNE ?007 11 04@2Q
suppressed, whereby camouflage is optimized and an enemy cannot visually locate the source of the tracer projectile or the line of fire in order to direct a counter-attack toward that location.
[009] An object of a second aspect of the present invention is to provide improved IR tracer compositions and projectiles which generate an IR trace which is substantially-completely IR radiation.
[0010] It is an object of a third aspect of the present invention to provide improved IR
tracer compositions and projectiles which generate an IR trace which is substantially-completely IR radiation, and which has an appropriate burning rate so that it can be observed by the users at a longer distance down range.
tracer compositions and projectiles which generate an IR trace which is substantially-completely IR radiation, and which has an appropriate burning rate so that it can be observed by the users at a longer distance down range.
[0011] It is an object of a fourth aspect of the present invention to provide improved IR tracer compositions and projectiles which generate an IR trace which is substantially-completely IR radiation, and which has a lower energetic output to minimize the risk of fire propagation in bushes and wooded areas where the projectile lands.
[0012] It is an object of a fifth aspect of the present invention to provide improved IR
tracer compositions and projectiles which generate an IR trace which is substantially-completely IR radiation, and which has a controlled IR emission at any particular point to avoid very high intensity visible light emissions which could temporarily blind an observer using an infrared detection system.
tracer compositions and projectiles which generate an IR trace which is substantially-completely IR radiation, and which has a controlled IR emission at any particular point to avoid very high intensity visible light emissions which could temporarily blind an observer using an infrared detection system.
[0013] It is an object of a sixth aspect of the present invention to provide improved IR
tracer compositions which have a uniform granularity to facilitate the controlled production of the IR tracer projectiles which generate an IR trace which is substantially-completely IR radiation.
tracer compositions which have a uniform granularity to facilitate the controlled production of the IR tracer projectiles which generate an IR trace which is substantially-completely IR radiation.
[0014] It is an object of a seventh aspect of the present invention to provide improved IR tracer compositions which do not significantly degrade with time under extreme environmental conditions when stored at about 5 to 20 C, and thus which provides IR
AMENDED ~" E
tracer projectiles which generate an IR trace which is substantially-completely IR
radiation.
AMENDED ~" E
tracer projectiles which generate an IR trace which is substantially-completely IR
radiation.
[0015] It is an object of an eighth aspect of the present invention to provide improved IR tracer compositions which do not contain heavy metals, e.g., barium nor any other toxic elements, and which are combined with a non-toxic igniter composition.
Such compositions are environmentally-friendly.
Such compositions are environmentally-friendly.
[0016] It is an object of a ninth aspect of the present invention to provide improved IR tracer compositions which are formulated using a selected solvent for mixing the ingredients, in order to facilitate the manufacturing process by providing the IR tracer composition with uniform granularity and improved flowability so that the IR
tracer charge weight compressed into IR tracer projectiles which generate an IR trace which is substantially-completely IR radiation, could be better controlled.
STATEMENTS OF INVENTION
tracer charge weight compressed into IR tracer projectiles which generate an IR trace which is substantially-completely IR radiation, could be better controlled.
STATEMENTS OF INVENTION
[0017] A broad aspect of the present invention provides a non-toxic substantially-heavy-metal-free, zinc peroxide-containing, IR tracer composition comprising:
zinc peroxide, potassium nitrate or a non-metallic fuel which consists of sodium salicylate, a flame retardant which consists of either iron carbonate or magnesium carbonate or calcium carbonate, and at least one binder which is either calcium resinate, or a synthetic resin binder which consists of a copolymer of hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene fluoride, or cellulose acetate butyrate, in one or more of the following proportions by weight, wherein the total percentage of all ingredients add up to 100%.
[0017a] In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a non-toxic, substantially-heavy-metal-free, zinc peroxide-containing infrared tracer composition having a maximum IR output at a wavelength range of between I to 3 m comprising:
from about 65 to about 75% by weight of zinc peroxide; from about 15 to about 25%
by weight of a fuel which consists of sodium salicylate; and an effective amount of a binder which is selected from the group consisting of calcium resinate and cellulose acetate butyrate; with the proviso that the infrared tracer composition excludes a burn rate catalyst; and wherein the total percentage of all said ingredients add up to 100%.
10018] Other embodiments and aspects of the invention comprise the following substantially-heavy-metal-free, zinc peroxide-containing, IR tracer compositions:
(0019] From about 26 to about 30% by weight zinc peroxide; from about 40 to about 45% by weight of potassium nitrate; from about 20 to about 25% by weight of iron carbonate; and about 7.5% by weight of cellulose acetate butyrate; wherein the total percentage of the ingredients add up to 100%;
4a PGTIGA2 006!000 45.5 1 1 JUNE 2 2,007 1 1 06 0 2007' [0020] About 30% by weight zinc peroxide; about 42.5% by weight of potassium nitrate; about 20% by weight of iron carbonate; and about 7.5% by weight of cellulose acetate butyrate, wherein the total percentage of the ingredients add up to 100%;
[0021] From about 65 to about 70% by weight of zinc peroxide; from about 20 to about 25% by weight of sodium salicylate; and from about 8 to about 10% by weight of calcium resinate, wherein the total percentage of the ingredients add up to 100%;
[0022] About 65% by weight of zinc peroxide; about 25% by weight of sodium salicylate; and about 10% by weight of calcium resinate; wherein the total percentage of the ingredients add up to 100%;
[0023] From about 26 to about 28 % by weight of zinc peroxide; from about 40 to about 45% by weight of potassium nitrate; from about 22 to about 24% by weight of iron carbonate; and about 7.5% by weight of cellulose acetate butyrate;
wherein the total percentage of the ingredients add up to 100%;
[0024] About 26% by weight of zinc peroxide; about 42.5% by weight of potassium nitrate; about 24% by weight of iron carbonate; and about 7.5% by weight of cellulose acetate butyrate, wherein the total percentage of the ingredients add up to 100%;
[0025] From about 26 to about 30% by weight of zinc peroxide; from about 42 to about 45% by weight of potassium nitrate; from about 20 to about 24% by weight of iron carbonate; and about 7.5% by weight of cellulose acetate butyrate;
wherein the total percentage of the ingredients add up to 100%;
[0026] About 28% by weight of zinc peroxide; about 44.5% by weight of potassium nitrate; about 20% by weight of iron carbonate; and about 7.5% by weight of cellulose acetate butyrate; wherein the total percentage of the ingredients add up to 100%;
[0027] From about 26 to about 30% by weight of zinc peroxide; from about 40 to about 45% by weight of potassium nitrate; from about 20 to about 24% by weight of iron carbonate; and about 7.5% by weight of cellulose acetate butyrate;
wherein the total percentage of the ingredients add up to 100%;
AME Y U N DrE S HE
5 .''.rte. `+wy S si tl:m t4m~
PCTICA2 a06 f 000455 2 1, JUNE 2007 11 ' 0 6 2007' [0028] About 28% by weight of zinc peroxide; about 44.5% by weight of potassium nitrate; about 20% by weight of magnesium carbonate; and about 7.5% by weight of cellulose acetate butyrate; wherein the total percentage of the ingredients add up to 100%;
[0029] From about 65 to about 75% by weight of zinc peroxide; from about 15 to about 20% by weight of sodium salicylate; and from about 7.5 to about 10% by weight of calcium resinate; wherein the total percentage of the ingredients add up to 100%;
[0030] About 75% by weight of zinc peroxide; about 17.5% by weight of sodium salicylate; and about 7.5% by weight of calcium resinate; wherein the total percentage of the ingredients add up to 100%;
[0031] About 75% by weight of zinc peroxide; about 15% by weight of sodium salicylate; and about 10% by weight of calcium resinate; wherein the total percentage of the ingredients add up to 100%.
[0032] The present invention, in another aspect, provides an IR tracer projectile comprising a hollow cylindrical shell made of a suitable metallic material, and having a conical nose; a conventional heavy filler disposed in the hollow conical nose; the non-toxic, metallic-metal-free, zinc peroxide-containing, infrared tracer composition as disclosed hereinabove in its generic, sub-generic and specific aspects, compressed immediately against the filler; a conventional ignition material compressed against said compressed tracer composition; and a metal disc capping the hollow shell.
GENERALIZED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0033] The present invention provides infrared-producing (hereinafter "IR"-producing) compositions which are capable of producing a consistent IR output when provided in IR tracer projectiles which are medium caliber, e.g., 0.50 caliber, long range accuracy ammunition (Match grade) The IR output includes near IR and far IR
AMEN E SHEET
11 JUNE 1007 11 0 6 m 2007 bands (0.76 to 3.Q m). The intensity of the IR radiation depends on the specific wavelength of these bands.
[0034] Conventional pyrotechnic mixtures typically contain a finely-divided mixture of an oxidizer and a fuel (metallic, non-metallic or organic fuel). The oxidizer, which contains oxygen, is added to sustain combustion and the metallic atoms are responsible for the characteristic color output. The fuel is added in order to sustain combustion of the mixture and to provide heat energy.
[0035] Finely divided powdered fuel is very reactive with an oxidizing agent.
Above a certain temperature, namely, the ignition temperature, the oxidizer decomposes to release oxygen, which then reacts quickly with the fuel in an exothermic reaction. An oxidizer and a fuel alone, however, do not make practical compositions for the purpose of providing suitable emissions. Each of a flame retardant and a binding agent is also incorporated into the mixture.
[0036] The IR tracer compositions of aspects of the present invention possess unique requirements not generally addressed by the prior art conventional tracer systems.
While it is not desired to be limited to any particular theory, it is believed that a hypothesis concerning the formation of purely infrared emission without the presence of visible light may be developed based on black body radiation theory. The requirement would then be for the IR tracer to maximize output at a wavelength of I
to 3 m range.
[0037] The desired IR range is significantly below the flame temperature of present conventional tracer and flame formulations. This knowledge, coupled with the understanding that visible light output is normally the smallest proportion of energy radiation during combustion, leads to the conclusion that an effective IR
tracer according to aspects of the present invention is based on a relatively cool burning tracer formulation.
[0038] Various chemical compositions were investigated to maximize the IR
intensity while also maximizing the duration of the IR trace and minimizing the generation of excessive amounts of heat for each type of medium caliber projectiles. The T
PCI/CA 2006/ .000455 2 1 JUNE 2007 11 =0 6 e 2007 compositions to be described hereinafter burn cleanly and relatively coolly and emit relatively-small (i.e., almost negligible) quantities of visible light in proportion to the infrared radiation emitted.
[0039] The basic components of the IR tracer compositions of aspects of the present invention are able to augment near-IR emissions when fired. This is accomplished by the addition of an IR producing oxidizer and fuel. Thus, the IR tracer compositions of aspects of the present invention include zinc peroxide as the oxidizer, an organic fuel, a flame retardant, and a binder.
[0040] As noted above, the oxidizer is zinc peroxide. Peroxides of other transition metals, e.g., titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zirconium, etc, are not useful in the JR tracer composition of aspects of the invention.
The peroxides of such transition metals either provide inert compositions or provide compositions which emit toxic effluents.
[0041] The preferred organic fuel is sodium salicylate (C7H5NaO3). This organic fuel has a low melting point and generates a large amount of gases during the combustion, which facilitates the removal of solid residues and soot inside the tracer cavity of the projectile. Without obstruction, the trace can be seen at a longer distances down range. Neither lithium salicylate nor potassium salicylate would be suitable since they provide compositions which are too hygroscopic. Furthermore, these compounds are not conveniently commercially available and so the compositions cannot be easily industrialized.
[0042] Another component of the IR tracer compositions of aspects of the present invention is potassium nitrate. The nitrates of other alkali metals are not useful in IR
tracer compositions of aspects of the present invention, since lithium nitrate produces a composition which is too hygroscopic, while sodium nitrate emits a yellow color.
[0043] The preferred flame retardants in the IR tracer compositions of aspects of the present invention are iron carbonate and magnesium carbonate although calcium carbonate would also be useful. The presence of iron carbonate or magnesium carbonate or calcium carbonate brings about a better control of the rate of burning and A r Ark PCTICA2 0 06 .00.0 4 5 5 'JUNE 2007 11 = O 6, 2007 reduces substantially the flash and output of visible light. The carbonates of other transition metals are not suitable. For example, the carbonates of chromium and cobalt contaminate the atmosphere, the carbonate of nickel has carcinogenic properties and the carbonate of zirconium has excessive luminosity properties.
[0044] A binder maintains the other particulate forms of constituents of the IR tracer compositions of aspects of the present invention together. The binder increases the structural integrity of the IR tracer composition to prevent any break up of the trace in flight. It protects the composition from moisture and increases the flowability of the composition. Suitable binders include cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), calcium resinate, a vinyl acetate resin or the fluoroelastomer known by the trade mark VITON
A. Such binders have the properties of acting as a fuel retardant, as a waterproofing agent, and/or as an agent to reduce soot formation.
[0045] The IR tracer compositions of aspects of the present invention differ significantly over conventional tracer compositions, especially conventional IR tracer compositions, of the prior art in the absence of any metallic metal, e.g., boron.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
[0046] Embodiments of the present invention will be described, by way of example only, with reference also to the attached Figure which is a one-half longitudinal cross-section of a tracer projectile according to one embodiment of the present invention.
EXAMPLES
PREPARATION OF IR TRACER COMPOSITIONS
[0047] The IR tracer compositions were prepared by first dry mixing the powdered ingredients to provide a dry intermediate composition. The binder was dissolved in a suitable aprotic solvent, namely, methyl ethyl ketone. The so-formed binder solution was then incorporated into the dry intermediate composition to provide a wet mixture.
The wet mixture so provided was transferred to a suitable mixer in order to obtain a substantially-completely homogeneous mixture of all ingredients. The homogenous mixture so-formed was dried in an oven at about 20-40 C until it was sufficiently dry AMENDED SHE E T
POT/CA 200`,000455 i i JUNE "fP' 11 =0 6 e 2007 for sieving. The dry mixture was then sieved to break up agglomerated particles. The IR tracer composition was thus provided as relatively small particles of random shape.
[0048] A series of IR tracer compositions according to aspects of the present invention was prepared according to the proportion of ingredients as set forth in the following Tables IA and 113.
INGREDIENT PERCENTAGE IN TEST NO
POTASSIUM NITRATE 42.5 42.5 42.5 44.5 44.5 CAB 7.5 7.5 7.7 7.5 7.5 TABLE lB
INGREDIENT PERCENTAGE IN TEST NO
SODIUM SALICYLATE 25 17.5 10 CALCIUM RESINATE 10 7.5 10 PREPARATION OF TEST PROJECTILES
[0049] Each of the above IR tracer compositions of aspects of the present invention was compressed into a projectile body of a desired medium caliber. For the tests which are to be described below, the caliber of the projectile body was 0.50 caliber.
Thus, as seen in the drawing, the tracer projectile 10 includes a hollow shell 12 of, preferably, a copper alloy (90% Cu/10% Zn), whose hollow nose 14 is filled with a suitable heavy filler 16. The IR tracer composition 18 is compressed immediately against the filler 16. A conventional ignition material 20 is compressed against the IR
tracer composition 18. The IR tracer projectile 10 is capped by means of a brass closure disc 22.
AMENN D HEEET.
?CT/CA2 006/.000455 JUNE a~7 11 0 6 200 TEST PROCEDURES
[0050] For these series of tests, each of the IR tracer compositions was inserted into 0.50 caliber tracer projectiles and fired. When such IR tracer projectile was fired, the IR tracer composition inside the projectile body was ignited by hot gases emitted by a propellant.
[0051] Several important criteria for the IR trace, namely its stablility, its intensity, whether any visible light was detected and if a spark occurred at the firing point were evaluated as follows:
[0052] Three observers were stationed, one each, at the point of firing, at 250m down range and at 400m down range. These observers noted each of the above criteria.
[0053] The visibility with night vision goggles was determined by the same observers at the same three positions.
[0054] The distinctness of the trace was noted at a barrier located 1000m down range.
NATO criteria is distinctness at 600m down range.
[0055] The visibility with the naked eye of the tracer projectile was determined by the same observers at the firing position along the trajectory path and perpendicular to the trajectory path at 200m down range and at 400m down range from the firing position.
[0056] The calorific output of the tracer projectile was measured with a calorimeter.
[0057] The results are summarized as follows:
[0058] The IR trace was found to be visible from the firing position and could not be seen with the naked eye by the observers placed at an angle with respect to the trajectory of the IR tracer projectile.
[0059] The calorific output of the IR tracer composition measured with a calorimeter was about 500 cal/g, which is about one third less than the calorific output generated AMENDED SHEET
PCTICA2 006/.00.0455 JUNE'W7 11 = fl 6 2007' by conventional IR tracer compositions, (500 cal/g compared to 1200 cal/g for conventional IR tracer compositions). The IR trace can, thus, be designated as a cold trace.
[0060] The IR intensity of the IR emission as measured with a spectrophotometer equipped with IR filters at a wavelength of 760 nanometers was found to be about 1 to 4 watts/steradian, and at a wavelength of 3,000 nanometers was found to be about 1.7 to 2.1 watts/steradian. The IR tracer compositions of aspects of the present invention was found to have an IR luminosity as measured with a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 760 nanometers of about 1 to 2 watts/steradian and an IR
luminosity as measured with a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 3000 nanometers of about 1 to 4 watts/steradian.
[0061] For medium caliber, i.e., 0.50 caliber, IR tracer projectiles, the IR
trace can be seen up to 1000m compared to 600m for conventional 0.50 caliber tracer projectiles.
[0062] The medium caliber, i.e., 0.50 caliber, IR tracer projectiles of an aspect of the present invention containing the IR tracer compositions of aspects of the present invention have been found to increase the length of trace along the firing line by up to about 120%.
[0063] It has been found that the IR tracer compositions of aspects of the present invention produce relatively low burn rate materials so that the IR trace can be seen from the firing point to a longer distance down range. The burn rate is adjustable for medium caliber, i.e., 0.50 caliber, ammunition to meet or exceed NATO and specific user requirements. Thus, particular bum rates can be adjusted, the ratio of IR
radiation to visible light can be optimized (i.e., substantially no visible light), and the general physical and chemical properties can be carefully selected.
[0064] The medium caliber i.e., 0.50 caliber, IR tracer projectiles of aspects of the present invention containing the IR tracer compositions of aspects of the present invention have a relatively slow burning rate so that the IR tracer can be seen up to 1800m compared to 1500m for conventional 0.50 caliber tracer projectiles.
PCTICAc 006/000455 'JUN E''^ 1 g 1 a D?
[0065] The IR tracer compositions of aspects of the present invention do not degrade with time, when properly stored at a temperature varying between 5 C and 20 C, with a relative humidity which ranged between 50% and 70%. For example, the calorific heat of an IR tracer projectile containing IR tracer compositions of aspects of the present invention at the beginning of the storage period was about 675 cal/g and remained constant over a minimum storage period of 6 months.
[0066] The IR tracer compositions of aspects of the present invention do not contain any toxic elements.
[0067] The IR tracer compositions of aspects of the present invention may easily be industrialized.
[0068] Not all zinc peroxide-containing compositions satisfy the utility requirements as set forth in the above tests. Thus, compositions having the ingredients/proportions set forth in the following Tables 2A, 2B and 2C have been found not to be useful.
INGREDIENT PERCENTAGE IN TEST NO
CHLORATE
CARBONATE
RESINATE
POTASSIUM 0 25 25 0 24.5 24.5 NITRATE
CHROMATE
CAB 0 0 0 0 0 7.5 `JUNE 2007 11 . U 6 . 2007 INGREDIENT PERCENTAGE IN TEST NO.
POTASSIUM NITRATE 24.5 24.5 26.5 40 40 CALCIUM RESINATE 10 7.5 10 VITON A 7.5 0 0 0 0 TEFLON, the registered trade 0 0 1.5 0 0 mark of a brand of polytetrafluoroethylene INGREDIENT PERCENTAGE IN TEST NO
ZINC 41 32.5 37.75 34.75 46.25 50.75 PEROXIDE
POTASSIUM 41 50.75 36.25 34.75 27.75 32.5 NITRATE
IRON 10.5 9.25 18.5 23 18.5 9.25 CARBONATE
CAB 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 SUMMARY
[00691 In summary, the present invention provides IR tracer compositions for the production of IR projectiles for medium caliber, i.e., 0.50 caliber, ammunition. The IR
tracer compositions of aspects of the present invention are non-toxic. When incorporated into medium caliber, i.e., 0.50 caliber, IR tracer projectiles and fired, they have a lower calorific output than conventional compositions and they produce a cool IR trace which is not visible to the naked eye, i.e., it is a dim trace.
The rate of burning is selectively controllable so that the IR trace can be seen at longer distance from the firing position than conventional IR trace projectiles containing conventional IR trace compositions.
AMENDED SHEET
zinc peroxide, potassium nitrate or a non-metallic fuel which consists of sodium salicylate, a flame retardant which consists of either iron carbonate or magnesium carbonate or calcium carbonate, and at least one binder which is either calcium resinate, or a synthetic resin binder which consists of a copolymer of hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene fluoride, or cellulose acetate butyrate, in one or more of the following proportions by weight, wherein the total percentage of all ingredients add up to 100%.
[0017a] In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a non-toxic, substantially-heavy-metal-free, zinc peroxide-containing infrared tracer composition having a maximum IR output at a wavelength range of between I to 3 m comprising:
from about 65 to about 75% by weight of zinc peroxide; from about 15 to about 25%
by weight of a fuel which consists of sodium salicylate; and an effective amount of a binder which is selected from the group consisting of calcium resinate and cellulose acetate butyrate; with the proviso that the infrared tracer composition excludes a burn rate catalyst; and wherein the total percentage of all said ingredients add up to 100%.
10018] Other embodiments and aspects of the invention comprise the following substantially-heavy-metal-free, zinc peroxide-containing, IR tracer compositions:
(0019] From about 26 to about 30% by weight zinc peroxide; from about 40 to about 45% by weight of potassium nitrate; from about 20 to about 25% by weight of iron carbonate; and about 7.5% by weight of cellulose acetate butyrate; wherein the total percentage of the ingredients add up to 100%;
4a PGTIGA2 006!000 45.5 1 1 JUNE 2 2,007 1 1 06 0 2007' [0020] About 30% by weight zinc peroxide; about 42.5% by weight of potassium nitrate; about 20% by weight of iron carbonate; and about 7.5% by weight of cellulose acetate butyrate, wherein the total percentage of the ingredients add up to 100%;
[0021] From about 65 to about 70% by weight of zinc peroxide; from about 20 to about 25% by weight of sodium salicylate; and from about 8 to about 10% by weight of calcium resinate, wherein the total percentage of the ingredients add up to 100%;
[0022] About 65% by weight of zinc peroxide; about 25% by weight of sodium salicylate; and about 10% by weight of calcium resinate; wherein the total percentage of the ingredients add up to 100%;
[0023] From about 26 to about 28 % by weight of zinc peroxide; from about 40 to about 45% by weight of potassium nitrate; from about 22 to about 24% by weight of iron carbonate; and about 7.5% by weight of cellulose acetate butyrate;
wherein the total percentage of the ingredients add up to 100%;
[0024] About 26% by weight of zinc peroxide; about 42.5% by weight of potassium nitrate; about 24% by weight of iron carbonate; and about 7.5% by weight of cellulose acetate butyrate, wherein the total percentage of the ingredients add up to 100%;
[0025] From about 26 to about 30% by weight of zinc peroxide; from about 42 to about 45% by weight of potassium nitrate; from about 20 to about 24% by weight of iron carbonate; and about 7.5% by weight of cellulose acetate butyrate;
wherein the total percentage of the ingredients add up to 100%;
[0026] About 28% by weight of zinc peroxide; about 44.5% by weight of potassium nitrate; about 20% by weight of iron carbonate; and about 7.5% by weight of cellulose acetate butyrate; wherein the total percentage of the ingredients add up to 100%;
[0027] From about 26 to about 30% by weight of zinc peroxide; from about 40 to about 45% by weight of potassium nitrate; from about 20 to about 24% by weight of iron carbonate; and about 7.5% by weight of cellulose acetate butyrate;
wherein the total percentage of the ingredients add up to 100%;
AME Y U N DrE S HE
5 .''.rte. `+wy S si tl:m t4m~
PCTICA2 a06 f 000455 2 1, JUNE 2007 11 ' 0 6 2007' [0028] About 28% by weight of zinc peroxide; about 44.5% by weight of potassium nitrate; about 20% by weight of magnesium carbonate; and about 7.5% by weight of cellulose acetate butyrate; wherein the total percentage of the ingredients add up to 100%;
[0029] From about 65 to about 75% by weight of zinc peroxide; from about 15 to about 20% by weight of sodium salicylate; and from about 7.5 to about 10% by weight of calcium resinate; wherein the total percentage of the ingredients add up to 100%;
[0030] About 75% by weight of zinc peroxide; about 17.5% by weight of sodium salicylate; and about 7.5% by weight of calcium resinate; wherein the total percentage of the ingredients add up to 100%;
[0031] About 75% by weight of zinc peroxide; about 15% by weight of sodium salicylate; and about 10% by weight of calcium resinate; wherein the total percentage of the ingredients add up to 100%.
[0032] The present invention, in another aspect, provides an IR tracer projectile comprising a hollow cylindrical shell made of a suitable metallic material, and having a conical nose; a conventional heavy filler disposed in the hollow conical nose; the non-toxic, metallic-metal-free, zinc peroxide-containing, infrared tracer composition as disclosed hereinabove in its generic, sub-generic and specific aspects, compressed immediately against the filler; a conventional ignition material compressed against said compressed tracer composition; and a metal disc capping the hollow shell.
GENERALIZED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0033] The present invention provides infrared-producing (hereinafter "IR"-producing) compositions which are capable of producing a consistent IR output when provided in IR tracer projectiles which are medium caliber, e.g., 0.50 caliber, long range accuracy ammunition (Match grade) The IR output includes near IR and far IR
AMEN E SHEET
11 JUNE 1007 11 0 6 m 2007 bands (0.76 to 3.Q m). The intensity of the IR radiation depends on the specific wavelength of these bands.
[0034] Conventional pyrotechnic mixtures typically contain a finely-divided mixture of an oxidizer and a fuel (metallic, non-metallic or organic fuel). The oxidizer, which contains oxygen, is added to sustain combustion and the metallic atoms are responsible for the characteristic color output. The fuel is added in order to sustain combustion of the mixture and to provide heat energy.
[0035] Finely divided powdered fuel is very reactive with an oxidizing agent.
Above a certain temperature, namely, the ignition temperature, the oxidizer decomposes to release oxygen, which then reacts quickly with the fuel in an exothermic reaction. An oxidizer and a fuel alone, however, do not make practical compositions for the purpose of providing suitable emissions. Each of a flame retardant and a binding agent is also incorporated into the mixture.
[0036] The IR tracer compositions of aspects of the present invention possess unique requirements not generally addressed by the prior art conventional tracer systems.
While it is not desired to be limited to any particular theory, it is believed that a hypothesis concerning the formation of purely infrared emission without the presence of visible light may be developed based on black body radiation theory. The requirement would then be for the IR tracer to maximize output at a wavelength of I
to 3 m range.
[0037] The desired IR range is significantly below the flame temperature of present conventional tracer and flame formulations. This knowledge, coupled with the understanding that visible light output is normally the smallest proportion of energy radiation during combustion, leads to the conclusion that an effective IR
tracer according to aspects of the present invention is based on a relatively cool burning tracer formulation.
[0038] Various chemical compositions were investigated to maximize the IR
intensity while also maximizing the duration of the IR trace and minimizing the generation of excessive amounts of heat for each type of medium caliber projectiles. The T
PCI/CA 2006/ .000455 2 1 JUNE 2007 11 =0 6 e 2007 compositions to be described hereinafter burn cleanly and relatively coolly and emit relatively-small (i.e., almost negligible) quantities of visible light in proportion to the infrared radiation emitted.
[0039] The basic components of the IR tracer compositions of aspects of the present invention are able to augment near-IR emissions when fired. This is accomplished by the addition of an IR producing oxidizer and fuel. Thus, the IR tracer compositions of aspects of the present invention include zinc peroxide as the oxidizer, an organic fuel, a flame retardant, and a binder.
[0040] As noted above, the oxidizer is zinc peroxide. Peroxides of other transition metals, e.g., titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zirconium, etc, are not useful in the JR tracer composition of aspects of the invention.
The peroxides of such transition metals either provide inert compositions or provide compositions which emit toxic effluents.
[0041] The preferred organic fuel is sodium salicylate (C7H5NaO3). This organic fuel has a low melting point and generates a large amount of gases during the combustion, which facilitates the removal of solid residues and soot inside the tracer cavity of the projectile. Without obstruction, the trace can be seen at a longer distances down range. Neither lithium salicylate nor potassium salicylate would be suitable since they provide compositions which are too hygroscopic. Furthermore, these compounds are not conveniently commercially available and so the compositions cannot be easily industrialized.
[0042] Another component of the IR tracer compositions of aspects of the present invention is potassium nitrate. The nitrates of other alkali metals are not useful in IR
tracer compositions of aspects of the present invention, since lithium nitrate produces a composition which is too hygroscopic, while sodium nitrate emits a yellow color.
[0043] The preferred flame retardants in the IR tracer compositions of aspects of the present invention are iron carbonate and magnesium carbonate although calcium carbonate would also be useful. The presence of iron carbonate or magnesium carbonate or calcium carbonate brings about a better control of the rate of burning and A r Ark PCTICA2 0 06 .00.0 4 5 5 'JUNE 2007 11 = O 6, 2007 reduces substantially the flash and output of visible light. The carbonates of other transition metals are not suitable. For example, the carbonates of chromium and cobalt contaminate the atmosphere, the carbonate of nickel has carcinogenic properties and the carbonate of zirconium has excessive luminosity properties.
[0044] A binder maintains the other particulate forms of constituents of the IR tracer compositions of aspects of the present invention together. The binder increases the structural integrity of the IR tracer composition to prevent any break up of the trace in flight. It protects the composition from moisture and increases the flowability of the composition. Suitable binders include cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), calcium resinate, a vinyl acetate resin or the fluoroelastomer known by the trade mark VITON
A. Such binders have the properties of acting as a fuel retardant, as a waterproofing agent, and/or as an agent to reduce soot formation.
[0045] The IR tracer compositions of aspects of the present invention differ significantly over conventional tracer compositions, especially conventional IR tracer compositions, of the prior art in the absence of any metallic metal, e.g., boron.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
[0046] Embodiments of the present invention will be described, by way of example only, with reference also to the attached Figure which is a one-half longitudinal cross-section of a tracer projectile according to one embodiment of the present invention.
EXAMPLES
PREPARATION OF IR TRACER COMPOSITIONS
[0047] The IR tracer compositions were prepared by first dry mixing the powdered ingredients to provide a dry intermediate composition. The binder was dissolved in a suitable aprotic solvent, namely, methyl ethyl ketone. The so-formed binder solution was then incorporated into the dry intermediate composition to provide a wet mixture.
The wet mixture so provided was transferred to a suitable mixer in order to obtain a substantially-completely homogeneous mixture of all ingredients. The homogenous mixture so-formed was dried in an oven at about 20-40 C until it was sufficiently dry AMENDED SHE E T
POT/CA 200`,000455 i i JUNE "fP' 11 =0 6 e 2007 for sieving. The dry mixture was then sieved to break up agglomerated particles. The IR tracer composition was thus provided as relatively small particles of random shape.
[0048] A series of IR tracer compositions according to aspects of the present invention was prepared according to the proportion of ingredients as set forth in the following Tables IA and 113.
INGREDIENT PERCENTAGE IN TEST NO
POTASSIUM NITRATE 42.5 42.5 42.5 44.5 44.5 CAB 7.5 7.5 7.7 7.5 7.5 TABLE lB
INGREDIENT PERCENTAGE IN TEST NO
SODIUM SALICYLATE 25 17.5 10 CALCIUM RESINATE 10 7.5 10 PREPARATION OF TEST PROJECTILES
[0049] Each of the above IR tracer compositions of aspects of the present invention was compressed into a projectile body of a desired medium caliber. For the tests which are to be described below, the caliber of the projectile body was 0.50 caliber.
Thus, as seen in the drawing, the tracer projectile 10 includes a hollow shell 12 of, preferably, a copper alloy (90% Cu/10% Zn), whose hollow nose 14 is filled with a suitable heavy filler 16. The IR tracer composition 18 is compressed immediately against the filler 16. A conventional ignition material 20 is compressed against the IR
tracer composition 18. The IR tracer projectile 10 is capped by means of a brass closure disc 22.
AMENN D HEEET.
?CT/CA2 006/.000455 JUNE a~7 11 0 6 200 TEST PROCEDURES
[0050] For these series of tests, each of the IR tracer compositions was inserted into 0.50 caliber tracer projectiles and fired. When such IR tracer projectile was fired, the IR tracer composition inside the projectile body was ignited by hot gases emitted by a propellant.
[0051] Several important criteria for the IR trace, namely its stablility, its intensity, whether any visible light was detected and if a spark occurred at the firing point were evaluated as follows:
[0052] Three observers were stationed, one each, at the point of firing, at 250m down range and at 400m down range. These observers noted each of the above criteria.
[0053] The visibility with night vision goggles was determined by the same observers at the same three positions.
[0054] The distinctness of the trace was noted at a barrier located 1000m down range.
NATO criteria is distinctness at 600m down range.
[0055] The visibility with the naked eye of the tracer projectile was determined by the same observers at the firing position along the trajectory path and perpendicular to the trajectory path at 200m down range and at 400m down range from the firing position.
[0056] The calorific output of the tracer projectile was measured with a calorimeter.
[0057] The results are summarized as follows:
[0058] The IR trace was found to be visible from the firing position and could not be seen with the naked eye by the observers placed at an angle with respect to the trajectory of the IR tracer projectile.
[0059] The calorific output of the IR tracer composition measured with a calorimeter was about 500 cal/g, which is about one third less than the calorific output generated AMENDED SHEET
PCTICA2 006/.00.0455 JUNE'W7 11 = fl 6 2007' by conventional IR tracer compositions, (500 cal/g compared to 1200 cal/g for conventional IR tracer compositions). The IR trace can, thus, be designated as a cold trace.
[0060] The IR intensity of the IR emission as measured with a spectrophotometer equipped with IR filters at a wavelength of 760 nanometers was found to be about 1 to 4 watts/steradian, and at a wavelength of 3,000 nanometers was found to be about 1.7 to 2.1 watts/steradian. The IR tracer compositions of aspects of the present invention was found to have an IR luminosity as measured with a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 760 nanometers of about 1 to 2 watts/steradian and an IR
luminosity as measured with a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 3000 nanometers of about 1 to 4 watts/steradian.
[0061] For medium caliber, i.e., 0.50 caliber, IR tracer projectiles, the IR
trace can be seen up to 1000m compared to 600m for conventional 0.50 caliber tracer projectiles.
[0062] The medium caliber, i.e., 0.50 caliber, IR tracer projectiles of an aspect of the present invention containing the IR tracer compositions of aspects of the present invention have been found to increase the length of trace along the firing line by up to about 120%.
[0063] It has been found that the IR tracer compositions of aspects of the present invention produce relatively low burn rate materials so that the IR trace can be seen from the firing point to a longer distance down range. The burn rate is adjustable for medium caliber, i.e., 0.50 caliber, ammunition to meet or exceed NATO and specific user requirements. Thus, particular bum rates can be adjusted, the ratio of IR
radiation to visible light can be optimized (i.e., substantially no visible light), and the general physical and chemical properties can be carefully selected.
[0064] The medium caliber i.e., 0.50 caliber, IR tracer projectiles of aspects of the present invention containing the IR tracer compositions of aspects of the present invention have a relatively slow burning rate so that the IR tracer can be seen up to 1800m compared to 1500m for conventional 0.50 caliber tracer projectiles.
PCTICAc 006/000455 'JUN E''^ 1 g 1 a D?
[0065] The IR tracer compositions of aspects of the present invention do not degrade with time, when properly stored at a temperature varying between 5 C and 20 C, with a relative humidity which ranged between 50% and 70%. For example, the calorific heat of an IR tracer projectile containing IR tracer compositions of aspects of the present invention at the beginning of the storage period was about 675 cal/g and remained constant over a minimum storage period of 6 months.
[0066] The IR tracer compositions of aspects of the present invention do not contain any toxic elements.
[0067] The IR tracer compositions of aspects of the present invention may easily be industrialized.
[0068] Not all zinc peroxide-containing compositions satisfy the utility requirements as set forth in the above tests. Thus, compositions having the ingredients/proportions set forth in the following Tables 2A, 2B and 2C have been found not to be useful.
INGREDIENT PERCENTAGE IN TEST NO
CHLORATE
CARBONATE
RESINATE
POTASSIUM 0 25 25 0 24.5 24.5 NITRATE
CHROMATE
CAB 0 0 0 0 0 7.5 `JUNE 2007 11 . U 6 . 2007 INGREDIENT PERCENTAGE IN TEST NO.
POTASSIUM NITRATE 24.5 24.5 26.5 40 40 CALCIUM RESINATE 10 7.5 10 VITON A 7.5 0 0 0 0 TEFLON, the registered trade 0 0 1.5 0 0 mark of a brand of polytetrafluoroethylene INGREDIENT PERCENTAGE IN TEST NO
ZINC 41 32.5 37.75 34.75 46.25 50.75 PEROXIDE
POTASSIUM 41 50.75 36.25 34.75 27.75 32.5 NITRATE
IRON 10.5 9.25 18.5 23 18.5 9.25 CARBONATE
CAB 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 SUMMARY
[00691 In summary, the present invention provides IR tracer compositions for the production of IR projectiles for medium caliber, i.e., 0.50 caliber, ammunition. The IR
tracer compositions of aspects of the present invention are non-toxic. When incorporated into medium caliber, i.e., 0.50 caliber, IR tracer projectiles and fired, they have a lower calorific output than conventional compositions and they produce a cool IR trace which is not visible to the naked eye, i.e., it is a dim trace.
The rate of burning is selectively controllable so that the IR trace can be seen at longer distance from the firing position than conventional IR trace projectiles containing conventional IR trace compositions.
AMENDED SHEET
Claims (7)
1. A non-toxic, substantially-heavy-metal-free, zinc peroxide-containing infrared tracer composition having a maximum IR output at a wavelength range of between 1 to 3 µm comprising: from about 65 to about 75% by weight of zinc peroxide; from about 15 to about 25% by weight of a fuel which consists of sodium salicylate; and an effective amount of a binder which is selected from the group consisting of calcium resinate and cellulose acetate butyrate; with the proviso that the infrared tracer composition excludes a burn rate catalyst;
and wherein the total percentage of all said ingredients add up to 100%.
and wherein the total percentage of all said ingredients add up to 100%.
2. The composition as claimed in claim 1, comprising about 7 to about 10% by weight of calcium resinate.
3. The composition as claimed in claim 1, comprising: from about 65 to about 70% by weight of zinc peroxide; from about 20 to about 25% by weight of sodium salicylate;
and from about 8 to about 10% by weight of calcium resinate.
and from about 8 to about 10% by weight of calcium resinate.
4. The composition as claimed in claim 3, comprising: about 65% by weight of zinc peroxide;
about 25% by weight of sodium salicylate; and about 10% by weight of calcium resinate.
about 25% by weight of sodium salicylate; and about 10% by weight of calcium resinate.
5. The composition as claimed in claim 1, comprising: from about 65 to about 75% by weight of zinc peroxide; from about 15 to about 20% by weight of sodium salicylate;
and from about 7.5 to about 10% by weight of calcium resinate.
and from about 7.5 to about 10% by weight of calcium resinate.
6. The composition as claimed in claim 5, comprising: about 75% by weight of zinc peroxide;
about 17.5% by weight of sodium salicylate; and about 7.5% by weight of calcium resinate.
about 17.5% by weight of sodium salicylate; and about 7.5% by weight of calcium resinate.
7. The composition as claimed in claim 5, comprising: about 75% by weight of zinc peroxide;
about 15% by weight of sodium salicylate; and about 10% by weight of calcium resinate.
about 15% by weight of sodium salicylate; and about 10% by weight of calcium resinate.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/098,368 | 2005-04-05 | ||
| US11/098,368 US20060219339A1 (en) | 2005-04-05 | 2005-04-05 | Non-toxic, metallic-metal free zinc peroxide-containing, IR tracer compositions and IR tracer projectiles containing same for generating a dim visibility IR trace |
| PCT/CA2006/000455 WO2006105635A1 (en) | 2005-04-05 | 2006-03-28 | Non-toxic, metallic-metal free zinc peroxide-containing, ir tracer compositions and ir tracer projectiles containing same for generating a dim visibility ir trace |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2604977A1 CA2604977A1 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
| CA2604977C true CA2604977C (en) | 2012-09-18 |
Family
ID=37068910
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2604977A Expired - Fee Related CA2604977C (en) | 2005-04-05 | 2006-03-28 | Non-toxic heavy-metal-free zinc peroxide-containing, ir tracer compositions and ir tracer projectiles containing same for generating a dim visibility ir trace |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20060219339A1 (en) |
| EP (2) | EP2360134A3 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2604977C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2006105635A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CZ304078B6 (en) * | 2011-12-19 | 2013-10-02 | Sellier & Bellot | Special fuels suitable for pyrotechnical mixtures emitting in near IR region |
| USD751167S1 (en) * | 2014-05-13 | 2016-03-08 | Physical Optics Corporation | Projectile |
Family Cites Families (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1708187A (en) * | 1926-01-18 | 1929-04-09 | Sterner St P Meek | Combustible composition |
| US2899291A (en) | 1948-06-29 | 1959-08-11 | heiskell | |
| US2988438A (en) * | 1957-04-04 | 1961-06-13 | Olin Mathieson | Combustible compositions |
| US3503814A (en) | 1968-05-03 | 1970-03-31 | Us Navy | Pyrotechnic composition containing nickel and aluminum |
| US3677842A (en) * | 1970-03-10 | 1972-07-18 | Us Army | Low light level tracer mix |
| US3983816A (en) | 1974-01-16 | 1976-10-05 | Thiokol Corporation | Compositions for producing flickering signals |
| US3986907A (en) | 1975-03-07 | 1976-10-19 | Thiokol Corporation | Illuminating flare composition containing tetranitrocarbazole |
| US4128443A (en) * | 1975-07-24 | 1978-12-05 | Pawlak Daniel E | Deflagrating propellant compositions |
| US4094711A (en) | 1977-09-01 | 1978-06-13 | Ford Aerospace & Communications Corporation | Tracer and composition |
| DE2952069C2 (en) * | 1979-12-22 | 1983-02-17 | Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf | Use of zinc peroxide in explosive or pyrotechnic mixtures |
| GB2191477B (en) | 1981-04-01 | 1988-08-10 | Pains Wessex Ltd | Pyrotechnic device |
| US4597810A (en) * | 1985-06-20 | 1986-07-01 | Trickel Neal E | Tracer unit for ammunition |
| US4881464A (en) | 1989-03-06 | 1989-11-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Signal or rescue flare of variable luminosity |
| CA1320832C (en) | 1989-09-29 | 1993-08-03 | Paul Briere | Tracer composition and method of producing same |
| US5587552A (en) | 1993-11-09 | 1996-12-24 | Thiokol Corporation | Infrared illuminating composition |
| US5472536A (en) | 1994-12-19 | 1995-12-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Tracer mixture for use with laser hardened optics |
| AU4898296A (en) * | 1995-03-14 | 1996-10-08 | Thiokol Corporation | Infrared tracer compositions |
| DE19548544A1 (en) * | 1995-12-23 | 1997-06-26 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Ignition mixture free of initial explosives |
| US5661257A (en) | 1996-01-16 | 1997-08-26 | Thiokol Corporation | Multispectral covert target marker |
| NL1004618C2 (en) * | 1996-11-26 | 1998-05-27 | Tno | Gas generating preparation and application thereof in an air bag. |
| US5811724A (en) * | 1997-09-09 | 1998-09-22 | Primex Technologies, Inc. | Infrared tracer for ammunition |
| US6036794A (en) * | 1998-03-31 | 2000-03-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Igniter composition |
| JP2002543031A (en) * | 1999-04-27 | 2002-12-17 | デイナミート ノーベル ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング エクスプロジーフシュトッフ− ウント ジステームテヒニク | Granular gas charge |
-
2005
- 2005-04-05 US US11/098,368 patent/US20060219339A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2006
- 2006-03-28 WO PCT/CA2006/000455 patent/WO2006105635A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-03-28 EP EP11166798A patent/EP2360134A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-03-28 CA CA2604977A patent/CA2604977C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-03-28 EP EP06721718A patent/EP1866264A4/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2360134A2 (en) | 2011-08-24 |
| EP2360134A3 (en) | 2012-09-19 |
| CA2604977A1 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
| EP1866264A1 (en) | 2007-12-19 |
| EP1866264A4 (en) | 2009-07-01 |
| US20060219339A1 (en) | 2006-10-05 |
| WO2006105635A1 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20150330 |