CA2589974A1 - Mechanical lap splicing to connect reinforcing bars - Google Patents
Mechanical lap splicing to connect reinforcing bars Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2589974A1 CA2589974A1 CA 2589974 CA2589974A CA2589974A1 CA 2589974 A1 CA2589974 A1 CA 2589974A1 CA 2589974 CA2589974 CA 2589974 CA 2589974 A CA2589974 A CA 2589974A CA 2589974 A1 CA2589974 A1 CA 2589974A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- bars
- reinforcing bars
- lap splicing
- mechanical
- recited
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/16—Auxiliary parts for reinforcements, e.g. connectors, spacers, stirrups
- E04C5/162—Connectors or means for connecting parts for reinforcements
- E04C5/163—Connectors or means for connecting parts for reinforcements the reinforcements running in one single direction
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B7/00—Connections of rods or tubes, e.g. of non-circular section, mutually, including resilient connections
- F16B7/04—Clamping or clipping connections
- F16B7/0433—Clamping or clipping connections for rods or tubes being in parallel relationship
Abstract
Mechanical lap splicing enclose two reinforcing bars by metal rings (1 and 4) at their overlapping part, or in their full length keeping them in parallel position, and ensuring that the minimum tensile strength will equal to one reinforcing bar's cross sectional area, rather than employing various mechanical splices with different tensile strength and requiring more qualified tradesperson to produce and assemble them, and the shortage of qualified tradesman will continue in the future. Lap splicing is the most economical, although individual connection by tie wire is none uniform connection. Mechanical lap splicing is quick, superior to tie wire connections, because it is uniform, especially in vertical bars connection where tie wire connection is difficult and time consuming.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention is for mechanical lap splicing of reinforcing bars BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The reinforcing steel bars are produced in standard lengths and diameters. The bars are cut to fit the designed lengths. If several bars length is required the bars are connected by mechanical splices, like "Compression only end-bearing, Metal Filled Sleeve, Hot Rolled Threaded Bar Splices" etceteras.
These mechanical splices are generally used at large and medium sized construction projects. These connections are expensive and requires more qualified tradesman, comparing to lap splicing, which are the most economical, although they are not uniform because the bars are individually winded together by tie wire. In my understanding no other alternatives have been found to consider a change for a simpler solution to connect the bars.
The mechanical splices in compression strength are about the same as the bar's itself, which is not the case with the bar's tensile strength. When several bars lengths is required, mechanical splices are used, which are limiting the bar's tensile strength, except when Forged Bar Coupler is used, which is claimed to exceed the bar's tensile strength 25 percent.
In smaller projects, block building construction lap splicing are used where the length of the overlapping bars are winded by tie wire. These connections are not uniform and producing different strength at each wired connection and they couldn't be standardized as it is in mechanical splicing.
In the currently used block building construction several rows of blocks laid upon each other, then long vertical reinforcing bars put into the blocks openings, then pouring the grout to fill the cavities.
In my pending application, short vertical bars 24-3/4 inch length is used by lap splicing. Vertical lap splicing by tie wire is difficult and time consuming. This concern lead me to this invention.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
I have found that when several reinforcing bars lengths are required, parallel lap splicing could give an alternative to mechanical splicing as shown in Fig.5 and 6. Instead of one large diameter bar, using two smaller diameter bars equal in their cross sectional area to the larger diameter bar. This would ensure that the tensile strength would be equal to one of the larger diameter bar's tensile strength. The various mechanical splicing are produce different tensile strength, which is not as standard, or reliable as one bar's tensile strength.
For vertical splicing, metal rings are connected by steel rods to form a cage (32) as shown in Fig.9 and 13, and the overlapping reinforcing bars as shown in Fig.11 and 14, which are limiting the overlapping distance of the bars. These confined areas could be produced in various length for overlapping distances and diameters of the bars.
In general lap splicing is the most economical comparing to mechanical splicing. The present mechanical lap splicing is superior to wired lap splicing, because it produce uniform and quick connections to horizontal, inclined or vertical reinforcing bars.
The vertical splicing is an essential part of Block Building System to Resist Earthquake Damages, Patent Pending #2,481,182. The vertical bars are 24-3/4 inches long for laying two rows of blocks. The bars are overlapping each others between 5 and 7 inches as shown in Fig.18.
Each row is filled with concrete, not grout up to the top surface of the concrete blocks after the horizontal bars are installed. The rows on top of each other behaving like beams, and they are producing the horizontal strength to resist rupture in foundation, foundation walls and the walls of the building from the wave motion produced stresses of an earthquake.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In Fig.1 the metal ring (1) is inserted onto two equal diameter reinforcing bars (10 and 11) then wedge (9) placed into the metal rings recesses (2 and/or 3) as shown by (9) in Fig.4 to eliminate looseness of bars.
Fig.2 is a metal ring (4) for two unequal diameter reinforcing bars.
Fig.3 is a wedge (9) for securing the relative position of the bars, as shown by (7 and 8) in Fig.2.
Fig.4 is showing a horizontal, lap splicing by metal rings (1) placed on reinforcing bar (10), and reinforcing bar 11 inserted through the adjacent holes of the metal rings, then securing the relative position of the bars by wedge (9) as shown, or in an alternative position the wedge is inserted, as it is shown in Fig.7, between the reinforcing bars (28 and 29).
In Fig.5 showing reinforcing bars 20M Designation Number for bars (12 and 13), for 15M bars by (14, 15, 16 and 17). Metal rings for bars 20M is shown by (18 and 19), for unequal bars 20M and 15M the unequal rings shown by (20 and 21). The equal diameter metal rings for bars 15M are shown by (22, 23, 24, 25, 26 and 27). This or similar arrangement gives possibilities to use two bars with smaller diameters, rather than one bar with larger diameter bar, equal in cross sectional area to the two small diameter bars cross sectional area, and use few metal rings to keep the bars parallel in their full lengths.
In Fig.6 is showing one enlarged connection with the same numerals as in Fig.5 between bars (14, 15 and 16) and the metal rings (23 and 24). When the bars are embedded in concrete the compression stresses would be the total cross sectional area for bar 14, and for bars 15 and 16 would be about the same if the bars' ends put against each other. The tensile strength weakest point would be at the joining ends of the bars (15 and 16). The bar (14) would be responsible for the tensile strength of the bars, some advantage would be, the larger lateral area of the two bars to be grasped by concrete.
In comparison, the threaded, metal filled, compressed etcetera mechanical splicing may not produce the tensile strength equal to bar (14) cross sectional area, if the bars are embedded in concrete or not.
In Fig.7 is showing an alternative way to secure the relative position of parts by placing the wedge (9) close to the metal rings (1) between the reinforcing bars (28 and 29).
In Fig 8 is showing a lap splicing connection for unequal diameter bars where metal ring (4) represented by (2) placed on bar (30), and bar (31) placed through the adjacent holes of the metal rings, then wedge (9) are inserted to secure the bars relative position.
In Fig.9 three metal rings (33) connected by two bent rods (34) as shown by cage (32). One end of each bent rod having a 90 degree bent (35). The bent rods are spot welded to the metal rings.
In the assembly in Fig.11, bar (36) is inserted into cage (32) against bent rod (37) and bar (38) against bent rod (39). The bars relative position is secured by wedge (9).
In Fig.12 showing the end view of Fig.l l, where (40) is showing the bent rod relative position to the end of the bar (41), and (42) showing the larger end of the wedge (9).
In Fig.13, cage (43) is showing an alternative arrangement to cage (32) by the addition of straight bar (44) shown in Fig.16, which are also welded to the metal rings.
In Fig.14 is showing a similar cage assembly as shown in Fig.ll, with two additional straight rods (44).
This invention is for mechanical lap splicing of reinforcing bars BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The reinforcing steel bars are produced in standard lengths and diameters. The bars are cut to fit the designed lengths. If several bars length is required the bars are connected by mechanical splices, like "Compression only end-bearing, Metal Filled Sleeve, Hot Rolled Threaded Bar Splices" etceteras.
These mechanical splices are generally used at large and medium sized construction projects. These connections are expensive and requires more qualified tradesman, comparing to lap splicing, which are the most economical, although they are not uniform because the bars are individually winded together by tie wire. In my understanding no other alternatives have been found to consider a change for a simpler solution to connect the bars.
The mechanical splices in compression strength are about the same as the bar's itself, which is not the case with the bar's tensile strength. When several bars lengths is required, mechanical splices are used, which are limiting the bar's tensile strength, except when Forged Bar Coupler is used, which is claimed to exceed the bar's tensile strength 25 percent.
In smaller projects, block building construction lap splicing are used where the length of the overlapping bars are winded by tie wire. These connections are not uniform and producing different strength at each wired connection and they couldn't be standardized as it is in mechanical splicing.
In the currently used block building construction several rows of blocks laid upon each other, then long vertical reinforcing bars put into the blocks openings, then pouring the grout to fill the cavities.
In my pending application, short vertical bars 24-3/4 inch length is used by lap splicing. Vertical lap splicing by tie wire is difficult and time consuming. This concern lead me to this invention.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
I have found that when several reinforcing bars lengths are required, parallel lap splicing could give an alternative to mechanical splicing as shown in Fig.5 and 6. Instead of one large diameter bar, using two smaller diameter bars equal in their cross sectional area to the larger diameter bar. This would ensure that the tensile strength would be equal to one of the larger diameter bar's tensile strength. The various mechanical splicing are produce different tensile strength, which is not as standard, or reliable as one bar's tensile strength.
For vertical splicing, metal rings are connected by steel rods to form a cage (32) as shown in Fig.9 and 13, and the overlapping reinforcing bars as shown in Fig.11 and 14, which are limiting the overlapping distance of the bars. These confined areas could be produced in various length for overlapping distances and diameters of the bars.
In general lap splicing is the most economical comparing to mechanical splicing. The present mechanical lap splicing is superior to wired lap splicing, because it produce uniform and quick connections to horizontal, inclined or vertical reinforcing bars.
The vertical splicing is an essential part of Block Building System to Resist Earthquake Damages, Patent Pending #2,481,182. The vertical bars are 24-3/4 inches long for laying two rows of blocks. The bars are overlapping each others between 5 and 7 inches as shown in Fig.18.
Each row is filled with concrete, not grout up to the top surface of the concrete blocks after the horizontal bars are installed. The rows on top of each other behaving like beams, and they are producing the horizontal strength to resist rupture in foundation, foundation walls and the walls of the building from the wave motion produced stresses of an earthquake.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In Fig.1 the metal ring (1) is inserted onto two equal diameter reinforcing bars (10 and 11) then wedge (9) placed into the metal rings recesses (2 and/or 3) as shown by (9) in Fig.4 to eliminate looseness of bars.
Fig.2 is a metal ring (4) for two unequal diameter reinforcing bars.
Fig.3 is a wedge (9) for securing the relative position of the bars, as shown by (7 and 8) in Fig.2.
Fig.4 is showing a horizontal, lap splicing by metal rings (1) placed on reinforcing bar (10), and reinforcing bar 11 inserted through the adjacent holes of the metal rings, then securing the relative position of the bars by wedge (9) as shown, or in an alternative position the wedge is inserted, as it is shown in Fig.7, between the reinforcing bars (28 and 29).
In Fig.5 showing reinforcing bars 20M Designation Number for bars (12 and 13), for 15M bars by (14, 15, 16 and 17). Metal rings for bars 20M is shown by (18 and 19), for unequal bars 20M and 15M the unequal rings shown by (20 and 21). The equal diameter metal rings for bars 15M are shown by (22, 23, 24, 25, 26 and 27). This or similar arrangement gives possibilities to use two bars with smaller diameters, rather than one bar with larger diameter bar, equal in cross sectional area to the two small diameter bars cross sectional area, and use few metal rings to keep the bars parallel in their full lengths.
In Fig.6 is showing one enlarged connection with the same numerals as in Fig.5 between bars (14, 15 and 16) and the metal rings (23 and 24). When the bars are embedded in concrete the compression stresses would be the total cross sectional area for bar 14, and for bars 15 and 16 would be about the same if the bars' ends put against each other. The tensile strength weakest point would be at the joining ends of the bars (15 and 16). The bar (14) would be responsible for the tensile strength of the bars, some advantage would be, the larger lateral area of the two bars to be grasped by concrete.
In comparison, the threaded, metal filled, compressed etcetera mechanical splicing may not produce the tensile strength equal to bar (14) cross sectional area, if the bars are embedded in concrete or not.
In Fig.7 is showing an alternative way to secure the relative position of parts by placing the wedge (9) close to the metal rings (1) between the reinforcing bars (28 and 29).
In Fig 8 is showing a lap splicing connection for unequal diameter bars where metal ring (4) represented by (2) placed on bar (30), and bar (31) placed through the adjacent holes of the metal rings, then wedge (9) are inserted to secure the bars relative position.
In Fig.9 three metal rings (33) connected by two bent rods (34) as shown by cage (32). One end of each bent rod having a 90 degree bent (35). The bent rods are spot welded to the metal rings.
In the assembly in Fig.11, bar (36) is inserted into cage (32) against bent rod (37) and bar (38) against bent rod (39). The bars relative position is secured by wedge (9).
In Fig.12 showing the end view of Fig.l l, where (40) is showing the bent rod relative position to the end of the bar (41), and (42) showing the larger end of the wedge (9).
In Fig.13, cage (43) is showing an alternative arrangement to cage (32) by the addition of straight bar (44) shown in Fig.16, which are also welded to the metal rings.
In Fig.14 is showing a similar cage assembly as shown in Fig.ll, with two additional straight rods (44).
In Fig.15 is showing an end view of Fig.14 relative position of wedge (9) and straight rods ends (44).
In Fig.17 is showing in elevation the relative position of reinforcing bars (46 and 49) and the concrete block (45), reinforcing bar (46) extends 8 inches from top surface of the block. After each row of blocks laid, and when the concrete set in the row of concrete blocks the cage (47) placed over bar (46) against the top of the bar (46) as shown by (48), then bar (49) placed into the cage against the bent bar (50) of the cage.
In Fig.18 is showing a mechanical lap splicing above each other. Cage (52) inserted onto bar (51) then bar (53) inserted into cage (52). Bar (51) extends from the top surface of the block (56) where the new rows of blocks (57 and 58) would be laid, then from the full length of bar (53) would extend 8 inches above the block (58). When the concrete in the row of blocks would set, the cage (55) would be placed over bar (53), then bar (54) would be placed into cage (55) then continue to lay the consecutive row of blocks row (59). Blocks (57, 58 and 59) indicating the standard length of the bar (53) including 3/8 of an inch for mortar thickness at each row, therefore 24-3/4 inch would be the standard length of the bars.
BRIEFIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAVINGS
In drawings which illustrate embodiment of the invention, Fig.l is the embodiment of a metal ring (1) for equal diameter bars, Fig.2 is the embodiment of a metal ring (4) for unequal diameter bars, Fig.3 is the wedge (9), Fig.4 is a mechanical lap splicing, Fig.5 is showing a new concept to replace one large diameter bar with two smaller diameter bars equal in their cross sectional area and use mechanical lap slicing rather than mechanical spicing like threaded or metal filled sleeves etcetera, Fig. 6 is showing an enlarged connection in Fig.5, Fig.7 is showing an alternative to place wedge between bars (28 and 29), Fig.8 is showing unequal bars (30 and 31) and unequal metal rings (4), Fig.9 is showing a cage (32) where metal rings connected by bent bars (34), Fig.10 is the bent bar, Fig.11 is an assembly of the cage (32) with reinforcing bars (36 and (38), Fig.12 is showing the end view of Fig.11, Fig.13 is the cage (43), similar to cage (32) except two straight rod (44) addition, Fig.14 is showing an assembly of the cage (43) with reinforcing bars, Fig.15 is the end view of Fig.14, Fig.16 is the straight rod, Fig.17 is showing in elevation the relative position of reinforcing bars (46 and 49), cage (47) over the concrete block (45).
Fig.18 is showing mechanical lap splicing above each other, comparing to concrete blocks height, and showing the height of the standard reinforcing bar.
In Fig.17 is showing in elevation the relative position of reinforcing bars (46 and 49) and the concrete block (45), reinforcing bar (46) extends 8 inches from top surface of the block. After each row of blocks laid, and when the concrete set in the row of concrete blocks the cage (47) placed over bar (46) against the top of the bar (46) as shown by (48), then bar (49) placed into the cage against the bent bar (50) of the cage.
In Fig.18 is showing a mechanical lap splicing above each other. Cage (52) inserted onto bar (51) then bar (53) inserted into cage (52). Bar (51) extends from the top surface of the block (56) where the new rows of blocks (57 and 58) would be laid, then from the full length of bar (53) would extend 8 inches above the block (58). When the concrete in the row of blocks would set, the cage (55) would be placed over bar (53), then bar (54) would be placed into cage (55) then continue to lay the consecutive row of blocks row (59). Blocks (57, 58 and 59) indicating the standard length of the bar (53) including 3/8 of an inch for mortar thickness at each row, therefore 24-3/4 inch would be the standard length of the bars.
BRIEFIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAVINGS
In drawings which illustrate embodiment of the invention, Fig.l is the embodiment of a metal ring (1) for equal diameter bars, Fig.2 is the embodiment of a metal ring (4) for unequal diameter bars, Fig.3 is the wedge (9), Fig.4 is a mechanical lap splicing, Fig.5 is showing a new concept to replace one large diameter bar with two smaller diameter bars equal in their cross sectional area and use mechanical lap slicing rather than mechanical spicing like threaded or metal filled sleeves etcetera, Fig. 6 is showing an enlarged connection in Fig.5, Fig.7 is showing an alternative to place wedge between bars (28 and 29), Fig.8 is showing unequal bars (30 and 31) and unequal metal rings (4), Fig.9 is showing a cage (32) where metal rings connected by bent bars (34), Fig.10 is the bent bar, Fig.11 is an assembly of the cage (32) with reinforcing bars (36 and (38), Fig.12 is showing the end view of Fig.11, Fig.13 is the cage (43), similar to cage (32) except two straight rod (44) addition, Fig.14 is showing an assembly of the cage (43) with reinforcing bars, Fig.15 is the end view of Fig.14, Fig.16 is the straight rod, Fig.17 is showing in elevation the relative position of reinforcing bars (46 and 49), cage (47) over the concrete block (45).
Fig.18 is showing mechanical lap splicing above each other, comparing to concrete blocks height, and showing the height of the standard reinforcing bar.
Claims (11)
1. Mechanical lap splicing to connect two equal diameter reinforcing bars by metal rings, at their overlapping part.
2. Mechanical lap splicing as recited in claim 1, wherein said reinforcing bars are unequal.
3. Mechanical lap splicing as recited in claim 1 and 2, wherein said metal rings are covering said reinforcing bars circumference between 50 to 90 percent with varying clearance of 0 to 1/4 of an inch.
4. Mechanical lap splicing as recited in claim 1, 2 and 3, wherein reinforcing bars are parallel to each other in their full length, and lap spliced at the middle of reinforcing bar (14), and two reinforcing bar's ends (15 and 16) placed against each other, and metal rings (23 and 24) placed to encircle bars (14 and 15) and (14 and 16), and from one to three diameter distances of said reinforcing bar's ends, to hold said bars together.
5. Mechanical lap splicing as recited in claim 4, wherein said metal ring is located to cover both ends of bars (15 and 16) at the middle of reinforcing bar (14).
6. Mechanical lap splicing as recited in claim 4, wherein several reinforcing bars length is required to obtain the total length requirement, and then metal rings are placed intermittently to keep said reinforcing bars parallel.
7. Mechanical lap splicing as recited in claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6), wherein wedge (9) used to push the reinforcing bars apart by placing wedge (9) between reinforcing bars (28 and 29).
8. Vertical mechanical lap splicing to obtain fixed overlapping distance by bent rod (34) of the cage (32), comprising three metal rings (33), placed equal distance to each other, spot welded to bent rod (34), and away from the first and last metal ring, and said bent rod extends to limit the overlapping distance of reinforcing bars (36) at (37) and reinforcing bar (38) at (39).
9. Vertical mechanical lap splicing as recited in claim 7, wherein straight rod (44) added to increase the strength of cage (43).
10. A mechanical lap splicing as recited in claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 9) wherein wedge (9) inserted to force the reinforcing bars together by placing wedge (9) into a recess or recesses (2 and 3).
11. The metal ring is made from forged steel, and enclosing about 50 to 80 percent of the two reinforcing bars diameter plus the clearance, and the sum of the two radii plus 1/8 to 1/2 inch distance between the center points of said reinforcing bars diameter, 1/16 to 1/4 inch from both sides on the connecting line of said two diameter centers, same size as earlier circles are made, and parallel to said line connecting the two circles, and at the top and bottom quadrant of circles are connected to establish the inside perimeter for said reinforcing bars to be able to move toward or away from each other, and at the outmost quadrant of the two circles a half circle recess is made (2 and 3) to receive a wedge (9), and the varying thickness of the ring 1/8 to 1/2 inch, and the height is between 3/16 and 3/4 of an inch is established.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2589974 CA2589974A1 (en) | 2007-06-07 | 2007-06-07 | Mechanical lap splicing to connect reinforcing bars |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2589974 CA2589974A1 (en) | 2007-06-07 | 2007-06-07 | Mechanical lap splicing to connect reinforcing bars |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2589974A1 true CA2589974A1 (en) | 2008-12-07 |
Family
ID=40120343
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2589974 Abandoned CA2589974A1 (en) | 2007-06-07 | 2007-06-07 | Mechanical lap splicing to connect reinforcing bars |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2589974A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110258953A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-09-20 | 山东大学 | Telescopic steel concrete supporting device |
| US20230175261A1 (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2023-06-08 | Disney Enterprises, Inc. | Structural support system for rockwork with mechanical fastening of adjacent chip assemblies |
-
2007
- 2007-06-07 CA CA 2589974 patent/CA2589974A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110258953A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-09-20 | 山东大学 | Telescopic steel concrete supporting device |
| US20230175261A1 (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2023-06-08 | Disney Enterprises, Inc. | Structural support system for rockwork with mechanical fastening of adjacent chip assemblies |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Dead |