CA2572958A1 - Systems for compressing and distracting vertebrae of the spinal column - Google Patents
Systems for compressing and distracting vertebrae of the spinal column Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2572958A1 CA2572958A1 CA002572958A CA2572958A CA2572958A1 CA 2572958 A1 CA2572958 A1 CA 2572958A1 CA 002572958 A CA002572958 A CA 002572958A CA 2572958 A CA2572958 A CA 2572958A CA 2572958 A1 CA2572958 A1 CA 2572958A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- fulcrum
- compressor
- distal
- distractor
- extending
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers, e.g. stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/80—Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates
- A61B17/8004—Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates with means for distracting or compressing the bone or bones
- A61B17/8019—Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates with means for distracting or compressing the bone or bones where the means are a separate tool rather than being part of the plate
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/02—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for holding wounds open, e.g. retractors; Tractors
- A61B17/025—Joint distractors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
- A61B17/60—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements for external osteosynthesis, e.g. distractors, contractors
- A61B17/66—Alignment, compression or distraction mechanisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers, e.g. stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
- A61B17/7074—Tools specially adapted for spinal fixation operations other than for bone removal or filler handling
- A61B17/7076—Tools specially adapted for spinal fixation operations other than for bone removal or filler handling for driving, positioning or assembling spinal clamps or bone anchors specially adapted for spinal fixation
- A61B17/7077—Tools specially adapted for spinal fixation operations other than for bone removal or filler handling for driving, positioning or assembling spinal clamps or bone anchors specially adapted for spinal fixation for moving bone anchors attached to vertebrae, thereby displacing the vertebrae
- A61B17/7079—Tools requiring anchors to be already mounted on an implanted longitudinal or transverse element, e.g. where said element guides the anchor motion
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
- A61B17/88—Osteosynthesis instruments; Methods or means for implanting or extracting internal or external fixation devices
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
- A61B17/88—Osteosynthesis instruments; Methods or means for implanting or extracting internal or external fixation devices
- A61B17/8866—Osteosynthesis instruments; Methods or means for implanting or extracting internal or external fixation devices for gripping or pushing bones, e.g. approximators
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/02—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for holding wounds open, e.g. retractors; Tractors
- A61B17/025—Joint distractors
- A61B2017/0256—Joint distractors for the spine
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/885,265 US7686814B2 (en) | 2004-07-06 | 2004-07-06 | Systems and methods for compressing and distracting vertebrae of the spinal column |
| US10/885,265 | 2004-07-06 | ||
| PCT/US2005/023368 WO2006014329A2 (en) | 2004-07-06 | 2005-07-01 | Systems for compressing and distracting vertebrae of the spinal column |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2572958A1 true CA2572958A1 (en) | 2006-02-09 |
Family
ID=35159888
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002572958A Abandoned CA2572958A1 (en) | 2004-07-06 | 2005-07-01 | Systems for compressing and distracting vertebrae of the spinal column |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US7686814B2 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP1778095B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP4781357B2 (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR20070059056A (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN100466992C (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU2005270072B2 (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2572958A1 (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2006014329A2 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (52)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7618442B2 (en) * | 2003-10-21 | 2009-11-17 | Theken Spine, Llc | Implant assembly and method for use in an internal structure stabilization system |
| US9055934B2 (en) * | 2004-08-26 | 2015-06-16 | Zimmer Spine, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for access to and/or treatment of the spine |
| US7776051B2 (en) * | 2004-05-03 | 2010-08-17 | Theken Spine, Llc | System and method for displacement of bony structures |
| US7497869B2 (en) * | 2006-01-27 | 2009-03-03 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Methods and devices for a minimally invasive placement of a rod within a patient |
| US8834527B2 (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2014-09-16 | Alphatec Spine, Inc. | Systems and methods for manipulating and/or installing a pedicle screw |
| US7967821B2 (en) * | 2006-11-20 | 2011-06-28 | Depuy Spine, Inc. | Break-off screw extension removal tools |
| US8043343B2 (en) * | 2007-06-28 | 2011-10-25 | Zimmer Spine, Inc. | Stabilization system and method |
| US8323294B2 (en) | 2007-08-21 | 2012-12-04 | Depuy Spine, Inc. | Tether tensioning instrument |
| US9039711B2 (en) * | 2007-08-21 | 2015-05-26 | DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. | Instruments and methods for tensioning a spinal tether |
| US8414588B2 (en) * | 2007-10-04 | 2013-04-09 | Depuy Spine, Inc. | Methods and devices for minimally invasive spinal connection element delivery |
| US9402665B2 (en) | 2008-01-11 | 2016-08-02 | Trimed, Incorporated | Expansion and compression instrument for fracture fixation |
| US9060757B2 (en) * | 2008-05-05 | 2015-06-23 | Ranier Limited | Distractor |
| ES2462759T3 (es) * | 2008-10-01 | 2014-05-26 | Sherwin Hua | Sistema para estabilización de tornillo pedicular guiado por alambre de vertebras de la columna |
| US8075565B2 (en) * | 2008-11-05 | 2011-12-13 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Surgical instruments for delivering forces to bony structures |
| US8900238B2 (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2014-12-02 | Globus Medical, Inc. | Devices and methods for inserting a vertebral fixation member |
| WO2011059491A1 (en) | 2009-11-10 | 2011-05-19 | Nuvasive Inc. | Method and apparatus for performing spinal surgery |
| US8968367B2 (en) * | 2010-01-05 | 2015-03-03 | The Johns Hopkins University | Compression-distraction spinal fixation system and kit |
| WO2011088284A1 (en) * | 2010-01-14 | 2011-07-21 | Synthes Usa, Llc | System and methods for minimally invasive spine surgery |
| US8545505B2 (en) * | 2010-01-15 | 2013-10-01 | Pioneer Surgical Technology, Inc. | Low friction rod persuader |
| US8636655B1 (en) | 2010-01-19 | 2014-01-28 | Ronald Childs | Tissue retraction system and related methods |
| MX2012011091A (es) | 2010-03-26 | 2013-03-07 | Echostar Technologies Llc | Receptor de television de entrada multiple. |
| CA2794282C (en) | 2010-03-30 | 2018-11-20 | Sherwin Hua | Systems and methods for pedicle screw stabilization of spinal vertebrae |
| US8512383B2 (en) | 2010-06-18 | 2013-08-20 | Spine Wave, Inc. | Method of percutaneously fixing a connecting rod to a spine |
| US8777954B2 (en) | 2010-06-18 | 2014-07-15 | Spine Wave, Inc. | Pedicle screw extension for use in percutaneous spinal fixation |
| US8454664B2 (en) | 2010-06-18 | 2013-06-04 | Spine Wave, Inc. | Method for fixing a connecting rod to a thoracic spine |
| US8394108B2 (en) | 2010-06-18 | 2013-03-12 | Spine Wave, Inc. | Screw driver for a multiaxial bone screw |
| US8202274B2 (en) | 2010-06-18 | 2012-06-19 | Spine Wave, Inc. | Apparatus and method for detecting a connecting rod during percutaneous surgery |
| US8231659B2 (en) | 2010-07-30 | 2012-07-31 | Warsaw Orthopedic | Anchoring mechanism |
| US9907582B1 (en) | 2011-04-25 | 2018-03-06 | Nuvasive, Inc. | Minimally invasive spinal fixation system and related methods |
| US9307972B2 (en) | 2011-05-10 | 2016-04-12 | Nuvasive, Inc. | Method and apparatus for performing spinal fusion surgery |
| US8491588B2 (en) * | 2011-06-13 | 2013-07-23 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Surgical instrument for securing a spinal rod |
| AU2013200369A1 (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2013-10-17 | Trimed, Incorporated | Expansion and compression instrument for fracture fixation |
| US10327818B2 (en) | 2012-06-18 | 2019-06-25 | Bruce Francis Hodgson | Method and apparatus for the treatment of scoliosis |
| GB2517643A (en) * | 2012-06-18 | 2015-02-25 | Bruce Francis Hodgson | Method and apparatus for the treatment of scoliosis |
| US9480505B2 (en) | 2012-08-23 | 2016-11-01 | DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. | Bi-planar persuader |
| US9707018B2 (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2017-07-18 | Alphatec Spine, Inc. | Instrument and method for in situ rod adjustment |
| US9763702B2 (en) | 2012-11-16 | 2017-09-19 | DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. | Bone fixation assembly |
| US9173687B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2015-11-03 | DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. | Fulcrum cap for spinal constructs |
| EP2967653B1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2019-05-29 | Shriners Hospitals for Children | Techniques for spinal surgery |
| US9295500B2 (en) | 2013-06-12 | 2016-03-29 | Spine Wave, Inc. | Screw driver with release for a multiaxial bone screw |
| US9402661B2 (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2016-08-02 | Stryker European Holdings I, LCC | Lumbar-sacral screw insertion and manipulation |
| US10492917B2 (en) | 2013-09-26 | 2019-12-03 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Intrabody osteotomy implant and methods of use |
| US20150250464A1 (en) * | 2014-03-07 | 2015-09-10 | John Song | Spinal Compressor and Distractor |
| WO2016025020A2 (en) | 2014-08-13 | 2016-02-18 | Nuvasive, Inc. | Minimally disruptive retractor and associated methods for spinal surgery |
| US9980757B2 (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2018-05-29 | Ebi, Llc | Anchor and rod connector |
| US10194960B1 (en) | 2015-12-03 | 2019-02-05 | Nuvasive, Inc. | Spinal compression instrument and related methods |
| CN109498224B (zh) * | 2018-12-21 | 2023-12-12 | 天衍医疗器材有限公司 | 一种压紧式骨水泥型髋关节假体打拔器 |
| US11160580B2 (en) | 2019-04-24 | 2021-11-02 | Spine23 Inc. | Systems and methods for pedicle screw stabilization of spinal vertebrae |
| US20220387080A1 (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2022-12-08 | Spine23, Inc. | Systems and methods for pedicle screw stabilization of spinal vertebrae |
| CN115551426B (zh) | 2019-11-27 | 2025-11-28 | 斯拜因23公司 | 治疗脊柱侧弯的系统、装置和方法 |
| US11547452B2 (en) | 2020-12-17 | 2023-01-10 | Institute for Spine & Scollosis, P.A. | Method for improved spinal correction surgery implementing non-fusion anterior scoliosis correction techniques with vertebrae de-rotation |
| EP4337119B1 (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2025-12-10 | Spine23 Inc. | Systems for pedicle screw stabilization of spinal vertebrae |
Family Cites Families (32)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US49424A (en) * | 1865-08-15 | Improvement in gas-fitters tongs | ||
| US2333033A (en) * | 1943-06-11 | 1943-10-26 | Leslie E Mraz | Bone splint |
| US4926849A (en) * | 1986-12-19 | 1990-05-22 | Downey Ernest L | Apparatus for separating vertebrae |
| US5290312A (en) * | 1991-09-03 | 1994-03-01 | Alphatec | Artificial vertebral body |
| US5167662A (en) * | 1992-01-24 | 1992-12-01 | Zimmer, Inc. | Temporary clamp and inserter for a posterior midline spinal clamp |
| US5324290A (en) * | 1992-09-24 | 1994-06-28 | Danek Medical, Inc. | Anterior thoracolumbar plate |
| DE4316794C1 (de) * | 1993-05-19 | 1994-10-13 | Joerg Bischof | Vorrichtung zur Distraktion von Knochen |
| US5439463A (en) * | 1993-11-12 | 1995-08-08 | Lin; Chih-I | Spinal clamping device |
| US5443515A (en) * | 1994-01-26 | 1995-08-22 | Implex Corporation | Vertebral body prosthetic implant with slidably positionable stabilizing member |
| US5487743A (en) * | 1994-02-15 | 1996-01-30 | Sofamore, S.N.C. | Anterior dorso-lumbar spinal osteosynthesis instrumentation for the correction of kyphosis |
| FR2734147B1 (fr) * | 1995-05-19 | 1997-10-10 | Klein Jean Michel | Dispositif d'osteosynthese implantable |
| ES2203702T3 (es) * | 1995-06-06 | 2004-04-16 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Dispositivo para conectar varillas adyacentes en instrumentacion espinal. |
| US5700263A (en) * | 1996-06-17 | 1997-12-23 | Schendel; Stephen A. | Bone distraction apparatus |
| US5816120A (en) * | 1996-12-17 | 1998-10-06 | Kilgore; Gary Hartman | Slip joint adjustable jaw pry tool |
| FR2757761B1 (fr) * | 1996-12-27 | 1999-08-20 | Stryker France Sa | Systeme d'oteosynthese du rachis avec reglage en position |
| US5910141A (en) * | 1997-02-12 | 1999-06-08 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Rod introduction apparatus |
| US6533786B1 (en) * | 1999-10-13 | 2003-03-18 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Anterior cervical plating system |
| US6126660A (en) * | 1998-07-29 | 2000-10-03 | Sofamor Danek Holdings, Inc. | Spinal compression and distraction devices and surgical methods |
| US6019020A (en) * | 1998-09-14 | 2000-02-01 | Liou; Mou-Tang | Pipe wrench with transverse retaining function |
| US6332887B1 (en) * | 1999-04-06 | 2001-12-25 | Benjamin D. Knox | Spinal fusion instrumentation system |
| US6692503B2 (en) * | 1999-10-13 | 2004-02-17 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc | System and method for securing a plate to the spinal column |
| US6530929B1 (en) * | 1999-10-20 | 2003-03-11 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Instruments for stabilization of bony structures |
| WO2001041652A1 (de) * | 1999-12-10 | 2001-06-14 | Synthes Ag Chur | Vorrichtung zum distrahieren oder komprimieren von knochen oder knochenteilen |
| US7056321B2 (en) * | 2000-08-01 | 2006-06-06 | Endius, Incorporated | Method of securing vertebrae |
| US7204851B2 (en) * | 2000-08-30 | 2007-04-17 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Method and apparatus for delivering an intervertebral disc implant |
| US6896680B2 (en) * | 2001-03-01 | 2005-05-24 | Gary K. Michelson | Arcuate dynamic lordotic guard with movable extensions for creating an implantation space posteriorly in the lumbar spine |
| WO2003024344A1 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2003-03-27 | The Regents Of The University Of California | System and method for fusing spinal vertebrae |
| US7108975B2 (en) | 2001-09-21 | 2006-09-19 | Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Atlastin |
| FR2830433B1 (fr) | 2001-10-04 | 2005-07-01 | Stryker Spine | Ensemble pour l'osteosynthese du rachis comprenant une tete d'organe d'ancrage et un outil pour la fixation de la tete |
| US7011658B2 (en) * | 2002-03-04 | 2006-03-14 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Devices and methods for spinal compression and distraction |
| US7004947B2 (en) * | 2002-06-24 | 2006-02-28 | Endius Incorporated | Surgical instrument for moving vertebrae |
| US7189244B2 (en) * | 2002-08-02 | 2007-03-13 | Depuy Spine, Inc. | Compressor for use in minimally invasive surgery |
-
2004
- 2004-07-06 US US10/885,265 patent/US7686814B2/en active Active
-
2005
- 2005-07-01 JP JP2007520387A patent/JP4781357B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-07-01 AU AU2005270072A patent/AU2005270072B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-07-01 CN CNB2005800277812A patent/CN100466992C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-07-01 WO PCT/US2005/023368 patent/WO2006014329A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-07-01 CA CA002572958A patent/CA2572958A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-07-01 EP EP20050772140 patent/EP1778095B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-07-01 KR KR1020077002735A patent/KR20070059056A/ko not_active Ceased
-
2010
- 2010-02-16 US US12/706,150 patent/US8083750B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2011
- 2011-10-18 US US13/275,919 patent/US8523876B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2006014329A3 (en) | 2006-05-04 |
| AU2005270072A1 (en) | 2006-02-09 |
| US20100145349A1 (en) | 2010-06-10 |
| EP1778095B1 (en) | 2015-05-06 |
| JP2008505698A (ja) | 2008-02-28 |
| AU2005270072B2 (en) | 2011-04-21 |
| WO2006014329A2 (en) | 2006-02-09 |
| KR20070059056A (ko) | 2007-06-11 |
| US8523876B2 (en) | 2013-09-03 |
| JP4781357B2 (ja) | 2011-09-28 |
| US20060009777A1 (en) | 2006-01-12 |
| EP1778095A2 (en) | 2007-05-02 |
| CN101027002A (zh) | 2007-08-29 |
| CN100466992C (zh) | 2009-03-11 |
| US20120065693A1 (en) | 2012-03-15 |
| US8083750B2 (en) | 2011-12-27 |
| US7686814B2 (en) | 2010-03-30 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |