CA2546825A1 - Hot air solar heating system - Google Patents
Hot air solar heating system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2546825A1 CA2546825A1 CA002546825A CA2546825A CA2546825A1 CA 2546825 A1 CA2546825 A1 CA 2546825A1 CA 002546825 A CA002546825 A CA 002546825A CA 2546825 A CA2546825 A CA 2546825A CA 2546825 A1 CA2546825 A1 CA 2546825A1
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- Prior art keywords
- air
- solar
- collector
- frame
- interior
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/50—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates
- F24S10/502—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates having conduits formed by paired plates and internal partition means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
- F24S80/60—Thermal insulation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Abstract
A solar heating system incorporates a number of solar heat collectors which are operable to provide comparatively larger volumes of heated air at higher output temperatures to minimize the impact of any subsequent cooling of the re-heated air prior re-circulation into the site building. A thermostatically controlled blower assembly which is provided in fluid communication with the solar collectors, and which is operable to blow or draw air from an intake location therethrough. The solar collectors form a frame which has an interior depth of between about 5 to 40 cm in which is positioned a solar/heat-absorbing collector plate. The top portion of the frame is covered with a suitable glazing or glass sheet which is selected to trap the sun's energy within the frame interior.
Description
I
HOT AIR SOLAR HEATING SYSTEM
SCOPE OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a solar heating system which includes one or more solar collectors configured to heat air as it moves along a fluid flow path therethrough, and more particularly solar collectors which provide a labyrinthine air flow path, and which are fluidically coupled to a thermostatically controlled blower assembly selectively operable to blow or draw cooler air through the collectors for heating therein, and subsequent recirculation into a target building.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The use of solar heat collectors in solar heating systems to heat air is well known.
Conventional solar collectors, such as those disclosed in United States Patent No. 4,120,283 to Eder and United States Patent No. 6,807,963 to Niedermeyer, are typically formed as an elongate generally rectangular frame which is covered with a glass or glazing layer.
Eder describes a solar collector which includes a heat absorber plate positioned within the frame. The absorber plate is formed from a sheet of metal folded in an accordion-like manner, so as to define a number of parallel air flow channels. The air flow channels each have a generally open triangular cross-sectional shape, and extend longitudinally from a respective inlet end to an outlet end. In use, air blown into one end of the frame moves longitudinally through a selected cliannel. As the air flows along a given channel, it is warmed by the heat energy trapped by the absorber plate and glazing.
The applicant has appreciated the use of corrugated-shaped absorber plates and triangular air flow channels disadvantageously may result in a reduction of up to 20 to 40% of the total volume of air space within the frame which otherwise would be available for heating air. As a result, conventional solar collectors are operable to heat comparatively small volumes of air. In addition, because of the longitudinal arrangement of air flow passages provided by the collector plate corrugations, to ensure that the air receives adequate thermal contact with the collector plate and exposure to the sun's rays for solar heating, it is necessary to reduce the speed of air flow through the solar collector, reducing the overall operating efficiency.
A further disadvantage of conventional solar collectors exists in that they are typically configured to reintroduce air into a site building which has been heated to comparably lower output temperatures of less than about 100 F. As solar collectors are most often positioned on rooftops or other remote locations, the recirculation of such low temperature re-heated air back into the site building frequently results in further cooling of the air as it passes through unheated attic spaces or along longer duct spans, and a further overall drop in efficiency.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention seeks to provide a solar heating system which incorporates one or more solar heat collectors which are operable to provide comparatively larger volumes of heated air at high output temperatures of more than about 140 F, preferably more than about 160 F, and more preferably with maximum output temperature in the range of about 180 and 240 F, so as to minimize the impact of any subsequent cooling of the re-heated air prior re-circulation into the site building.
To achieve at least some of the foregoing objects, the present invention provides a hot air solar heating system which includes at least one solar collector having a solar collector or absorber plate therein and a thermostatically controlled blower assembly. The blower assembly is provided in fluid communication with a fluid flow path which extends through the interior of the solar collector. Preferably, the blower assembly is selectively operable to blow or draw air from an intake location and through the solar collectors along the flow path.
As air moves along the flow path, it is heated by exposure to the sun's rays and/or thermal contact with the collector plate. The heated air is thereafter blown/drawn from the collector and re-circulated to a site building.
HOT AIR SOLAR HEATING SYSTEM
SCOPE OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a solar heating system which includes one or more solar collectors configured to heat air as it moves along a fluid flow path therethrough, and more particularly solar collectors which provide a labyrinthine air flow path, and which are fluidically coupled to a thermostatically controlled blower assembly selectively operable to blow or draw cooler air through the collectors for heating therein, and subsequent recirculation into a target building.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The use of solar heat collectors in solar heating systems to heat air is well known.
Conventional solar collectors, such as those disclosed in United States Patent No. 4,120,283 to Eder and United States Patent No. 6,807,963 to Niedermeyer, are typically formed as an elongate generally rectangular frame which is covered with a glass or glazing layer.
Eder describes a solar collector which includes a heat absorber plate positioned within the frame. The absorber plate is formed from a sheet of metal folded in an accordion-like manner, so as to define a number of parallel air flow channels. The air flow channels each have a generally open triangular cross-sectional shape, and extend longitudinally from a respective inlet end to an outlet end. In use, air blown into one end of the frame moves longitudinally through a selected cliannel. As the air flows along a given channel, it is warmed by the heat energy trapped by the absorber plate and glazing.
The applicant has appreciated the use of corrugated-shaped absorber plates and triangular air flow channels disadvantageously may result in a reduction of up to 20 to 40% of the total volume of air space within the frame which otherwise would be available for heating air. As a result, conventional solar collectors are operable to heat comparatively small volumes of air. In addition, because of the longitudinal arrangement of air flow passages provided by the collector plate corrugations, to ensure that the air receives adequate thermal contact with the collector plate and exposure to the sun's rays for solar heating, it is necessary to reduce the speed of air flow through the solar collector, reducing the overall operating efficiency.
A further disadvantage of conventional solar collectors exists in that they are typically configured to reintroduce air into a site building which has been heated to comparably lower output temperatures of less than about 100 F. As solar collectors are most often positioned on rooftops or other remote locations, the recirculation of such low temperature re-heated air back into the site building frequently results in further cooling of the air as it passes through unheated attic spaces or along longer duct spans, and a further overall drop in efficiency.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention seeks to provide a solar heating system which incorporates one or more solar heat collectors which are operable to provide comparatively larger volumes of heated air at high output temperatures of more than about 140 F, preferably more than about 160 F, and more preferably with maximum output temperature in the range of about 180 and 240 F, so as to minimize the impact of any subsequent cooling of the re-heated air prior re-circulation into the site building.
To achieve at least some of the foregoing objects, the present invention provides a hot air solar heating system which includes at least one solar collector having a solar collector or absorber plate therein and a thermostatically controlled blower assembly. The blower assembly is provided in fluid communication with a fluid flow path which extends through the interior of the solar collector. Preferably, the blower assembly is selectively operable to blow or draw air from an intake location and through the solar collectors along the flow path.
As air moves along the flow path, it is heated by exposure to the sun's rays and/or thermal contact with the collector plate. The heated air is thereafter blown/drawn from the collector and re-circulated to a site building.
In a simplified consti-uction, the solar collector is formed with sides and end walls which are connected at their respective ends to form a generally rectangular frame.
Preferably, the frame has an interior depth of between about 5 to 40 cm, and more preferably about 10 to 20 cm.
The upper portion of the frame is covered with a suitable glazing or glass sheet which is selected to trap the sun's energy and heat within the frame interior. The bottom of the frame is closed and most preferably lined with the heat-absorbing collector plate. The collector plate may have numerous possible shapes and profiles, but most preferably comprises a substantially flat sheet of steel, aluminum, copper or other heat-absorbing nletal. A series of longitudinally extending dividers are positioned in a spaced, generally staggered arrangement within the frame interior and define the sides of one or more fluid flow paths therein. Preferably, the dividers extend vertically upwardly from the collector plate substantially to the covering glass or glazing, so as to delineate a single, serpentinely extending air flow path along the interior of the frame. Air inlet and outlet openings are provided towards opposing respective ends of the flow path. The inlet and outlet openings are sized to permit air movement into and from the interior of the collector frame in the operation of the solar heating system.
Optionally, a layer of insulation, such as fibreglass, polystyrene or therrnofoil encapsulated insulation is provided below the heat absorbing collector plate.
The insulating layer advantageously minimizes both the cooling of the solar collector interior from below and the thermal transmission of heat from the frame interior to the underlying building roof or support surface.
In a most preferred construction, the collector plate is engaged along part of one or more of its longitudinal sides or ends by one or more overlapping, resiliently deformable flanges. The flanges are biased into resilient compressive contact against the upper surface of collector plate and assist in maintaining the collector plate in a desired position within the frame. The compressive force of the flanges advantageously assists in maintaining the position of the collector plate within the collector against movement with thermal expansion and/or contraction.
In a simplified construction, the flange may comprise an elongated metal flange which is secured, adhered, laminated, or otherwise integrally formed with the side and/or end walls of the frame.
In assembly of the solar heating system, an air intake duct is provided in fluid communication with the inlet opening of a first upstream-most solar collector.
The air intake duct may be positioned so as to supply a volume of fresh, outside air into the interior of the collector. More preferably, however, the intake duct is configured to supply air from an intake location, such as a cold air return location, located within a site building to be heated, as for example, in a room below collectors, for re-heating and subsequent recirculation thereto. Where multiple collectors are provided, in a most preferred construction the solar collectors are fluidically coupled in a series-type arrangement, with the outlet opening of each upstream-positioned solar collector connected by a bridging air duct to the inlet opening of the next adjacent downstream solar collector. An air outlet duct is connected to the outlet opening of the downstream-most collector, for the return of heated air flow back into the site building.
A blower motor is provided in fluid communication within one or both of the air intake and/or air outlet ducts. The blower motor is selectively operable to blow and/or draw air through the intake duct and into the interior of the solar collector, as an air flow stream. As the air stream moves through the inlet opening, and is drawn along the serpentine flow path towards the outlet opening, the air is heated by solar energy which is trapped in the collector interior by the glazing cover and/or thermal contact and radiant heat provided by the collector plate.
The continued operation of the blower blows and/or draws the heated air outwardly through the outlet opening and into the next downstream-solar collector, and finally returning the heated air to the site building via the air outlet duct.
Accordingly, in one aspect the present invention resides in a solar heat collector comprising a generally rectangular support frame having opposing side and end walls, the side and end walls defining a frame interior therebetween;
a generally planar glass sheet secured towards an upper edge surface of said side and end walls; and a generally planar copper sheet disposed towards a lower edge surface of said side, said copper sheet being separated from said glass sheet by a distance selected at between about 5 and 50 cm, with said glass sheet, said side and end walls and said copper sheet defining an internal cavity, a plurality of dividers disposed in said interior cavity, each of said dividers being positioned in a staggered generally parallel arrangement defining at least one serpentinely extending flow path;
an air inlet opening fluidically coupled to a first end portion of said serpentine air flow paths; and an air inlet opening in fluid communication to a second opposing end of said flow path.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Reference may now be had to the following detailed description, taken together with the accompany Figures in which:
Figure 1 illustrates schematically a hot air solar heating system in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention, in position installed on the roof of a site building;
Figure 2 illustrates schematically a top view of a solar heating collector used in the solar heating system used in Figure 1;
Figure 3a illustrates schematically an enlarged partial cutaway perspective view of the solar collector shown in Figure 2 illustrating the air inlet opening;
Figure 3b illustrates an enlarged cross-sectional view of the solar collector frame sidewall shown in Figure 3a, illustrating the attachment of the covering glass thereto;
Figure 4 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the sidewall of the solar collector shown in Figure 2 taken along lines 4-4;
Figure 5 illustrates schematically an enlarged exploded partial cross-sectional view of the solar collector of Figure 2 taken along lines 5-5; and Figure 6 shows a partial enlarged schematic view illustrating the hot air outlet duct arrangement used in the solar heating system of Figure 1, in the recirculation of heated air back into the site building.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Reference may be had to Figure 1 which illustrates schematically a hot air solar heating system 10 installed in position for heating and recirculating such heated warm air into a house 14. The system 10 includes a solar collector assembly 20 which is typically mounted on the south side of the house roof 15, a cold air supply 22 and a hot air return 24.
As will be described, the assembly 20, air supply 22 and return 24 operate in conjunction with the home thermostat 16 and conventional furnace 18 to provide the warm heating air flow to the interior of the house 14.
As shown best in Figure 1, the cold air supply assembly 22 includes an insulated cold air intake duct 26 which provides fluid flow communication between a cold air inlet 301ocated within the house 14, and the solar collector assembly 20. The air intake duct 26 typically comprises a six inch diameter steel duct which extends from an upstream-most air intake 30, through the house attic 32 to provide an infeed air flow to be heated into the solar collector assembly 20. As will be described, the air intake duct 26 provides a supply of cool air for reheating in the solar collector assembly 20 and subsequent recirculation back into the house 14.
Although not essential, most preferably a vent damper 34 is located immediately downstream from the cold air intake 30. The vent damper 34 is operable to prevent reverse air flow from the collector assembly 20, back into the house 14 via the intake 30, ensuring that air in the cold air duct 36 which may be chilled by cooler attic temperatures, does not flow in a reverse direction back into the house 14.
Figures 1 and 6 show best the hot air return assembly 24 as including an in-line blower fan 36, a return air duct 38, and a hot air diffuser 40 providing a warm air outlet at a desired location within the house 14. The return air duct 38 is also provided as an insulated six inch diameter pipe used to fluidically couple the solar collector assembly 20 and the hot air diffuser 40. By way of non-limiting example, in the two-story house 14 illustrated in Figure 1, the hot air diffuser 40 is preferably located on the ground floor level 50b, with the cold air intake 30 located on the upper floor adjacent the attic 32 as a cold air return, so as to maximize circulatory air flow within the home 14.
Figure 1 shows best the in-line blower motor fan 36 as positioned across the return air duct 38 within the attic 32 for quieter operation. The blower fan 36 is selected with a sufficient size and horsepower to circulate a desired volume of air through the solar heating system 10, in the downstream direction of arrows 100 (Figure 1) via the cold air supply assembly 22, solar collector assembly 20, and hot air return assembly 24. As will be described, the blower fan 36 is electrically coupled to the thermostat 16 so as to be selectively activated and/or deactivated thereby when the interior house temperature falls below or exceeds pre-selected threshold minimum and maximum temperatures.
As shown best in Figure 6, although not essential, the return air duct 38 most preferably includes a downwardly extending generally U-shaped bend which functions as a drip trap or loop 44. The drip loop 44 is preferably formed in a part of the air duct 38 at a location within the attic 32 immediately upstream of the portion of the return air duct 38 which passes through the heated upper and lower house floors 50a,50b. Most preferably, the portion of the return air duct 38 which travels through the attic 32 and which is upstream of the drip loop 44 is preferably sloped along its length in the downstream direction, to as to direct any water and/or condensation forming therein to flow towards the loop 44. The applicant has appreciated that as reheated air moves from the solar collector assembly 20 towards the diffuser 40, the warmed air first travels along the return air duct 38 through unheated attic 32 space. Cooler temperatures of the attic 32 may result in the condensation of water vapour within air duct 38. The drip loop 44 advantageously acts to serve as a collection point for water 48 and condensation, preventing it from travelling outwardly from the diffuser 40 and into the house 14.
Furthermore, the continued operation of the system 10 and the flow of reheated air along the interior of the return air duct 38 results in the subsequent evaporation of any water 48 which may initially form in the drip loop 44. It is to be appreciated that the drip loop 44 has a size and orientation selected such that any water 48 which collects therein, does not substantially interfere with air flow along the return air duct 38 to the hot air outlet 40.
The solar collector assembly 20 is shown best in Figure 1 as including a bridging duct 54 and a pair of solar collectors 60a,60b, which are most preferably mounted towards the peak of the roof 15. As will be described, the bridging duct 54 consists of a six inch diameter insulated pipe which is positioned within the attic 32, and which provides fluid communication between the interior of upstream-most solar collector 60a and the downstream-most collector 60b.
Each of the solar collectors 60a,60b have the identical construction shown best in Figures 2, 3a, 3b, 4 and 5. In this regard, each solar collector 60 is formed as a generally rectangular frame having a width of between about 1 and 2 metres, a length of between about 1.5 and 3 metres and a height of about 0.1 to 0.25 metres. The solar collectors 60 have an open interior cavity 150 defined by a generally planar, clear glass top cover 62, a bottom panel 64 spaced approximately 15 cm from the cover 62, and longitudinally elongated parallel side rails 66a,66b which are joined at each respective end, by transversely extending end rails 68a,68b.
The bottom panel 64 is shown best in Figure 5 as including an uppermost 0.5 to 3 mm thick heat absorbing copper collection plate 72 beneath which is provided a 2 to 5 cm thick panel of foil wrapped semi-rigid insulation 74. Optionally, the bottom panel 64 may also include a plywood or metal reinforcing backing (not shown) depending upon the desired degree of structural rigidity of the frame which is required. The copper collector plate 72 is formed having a generally planar polished upper surface 76. As shown best in Figures 3a and 5, the semi-rigid insulation panel 74 is positioned directly beneath the copper collection plate 72, with the plate 72 and insulation panel 74 preferably preformed as a single panel sized to snugly fit within the frame between the side rails 66a,66b and end rails 68a,68b. In construction, the bottom panel 64 is secured to the side and/or end rails 66a,66b,68a,68b by screens or other suitable fasteners.
Each of the side rails 66a,66b and end rails 68a,68b have the identical construction and cross-sectional profile to the side rai166b shown in Figure 5. The end rails 68a,68b have a length selected at between about 1.5 and 2 meters and more preferably about 1.25 meters. Each of the side rails 66a,66b have a longitudinal length selected at between about 1.5 and 3 meters and a lateral width which is preferably selected at between about 15 and 20 cm. The side rail 66b is shown best in Figures 3b and 5 as including a wooden, foam or other insulating core 80 which is clad along its inner facing surface with .5 to 2 mm thick aluminum interior facia panel 82. Optionally the rail 66b may furthermore be clad along its exterior surface with a similar aluminunl facia panel (not shown) to provide enhanced durability and a higher quality overall finished appearance.
Figure 5 shows best the interior facia panel 82 used in each of the side and end rails 64a,64b,66a,66b. The interior facia pane182 is provided with a black, baked enamel finish and includes along its respective upper and lower edge, portions a longitudinally extending upper flange 84 and a longitudinally extending bent lower flange 86. In the simplified construction, the flanges 84,86 are delineated from the planar mid portion 88 of the facia panel 82 by bending or fold lines, so as to be integral therewith. The upper and lower flanges 84,86 extend in opposite directions outwardly from the mid portion 88 at oblique angles selected at greater than about 90 and more preferably between about 100 and 145 . The glass top cover 62 and absorber plate 72 are secured respectively in engaging contact with each of the upper and lower flanges 84,86. A
T-shaped rubber seal member 89 may further be provided to assist in providing a fluid-tight seal between the periphery of the glass panel 62 and the rails 66,68. Optionally, the seal member 89 may be configured for complementary placement within a rabbeted recess 87 formed along the upper edge of each of the rails 66,68. As is to be appreciated, in the assembly of the solar collectors 60, the orientation of the upper and lower flanges 84,86 advantageously act respectively to provide a biasing contact force between the top glass cover 62 and copper collector panel 72, to assist in maintaining the cover 62 and collector plate 72 in the desired position against movement with thermal expansion and/or contraction.
Figures 2 and 4 show best the frame cavity 150 as being divided by a plurality of longitudinally extending elongated air guides 90a,90b,90c,90d,90e. In a most simplified construction the air guides 90a-e are formed from a bent piece of planar aluminum or other metal which is bent into an L-shape and secured along its lower edge. More preferably, for improved structurability, each of the air guides 90a,90b,90c,90d,90e is provided as a tightly folded triangular shaped member having 1-3 cm wide base which is screened or otherwise secured to the copper collector plate 72 and/or base panel 64, and which extend upwardly to an uppermost closed bite. The air guides 90 have a height selected so as to substantially extend generally perpendicularly from the copper collector plate 72 to a position either in supporting contact with or marginally spaced from the underside of the glass cover 62. In this configuration, the air guides 90a-e advantageously assist in supporting the glass top cover 62 on the rails 66a,66b,68a,68b and provide additional support and rigidity to the solar collector 60. The air guides 90a,90b,90c,90d,90e preferably each have a longitudinal length which is selected approximately 10 to 30 cm less than the overall length of the side rails 66a,66b. The guides 90a,90b,90c,90d,90e are preferably arranged in an orientation generally parallel to and equally spaced from each other and the side rail 66a,66b. Preferably, the air guides 90 are spaced laterally an approximate distance of between 10 and 20 cm from each other. The air guides 90a-e are furthermore longitudinally staggered relative to each other. In particular, air guides 90b,90d are longitudinally offset relative to the next adjacent air guides 90a,90c,90e. In this configuration, air guides 90a,90c,90d are provided in substantially abutting contact with the uppermost positioned end rail 68a, with the air guides 90b,90d provided in abutting contact with the lowern-iost positioned end rail 68b. With this configuration, the air guides 90a,90b,90c,90d,90e define a single serpentinely extending air flow passage 92 along the interior cavity 150 of each solar collector 60.
Figures 2 and 3a show best a pair of six inch diameter circular openings 96,98 formed through the bottom panel 64 of the collector 60. he openings 96,98 extend through each of the copper collector plate 72 and the insulation panel 74 adjacent the uppermost positioned end rail 68a. As will be described, the opening 96 operates as an inlet opening allowing the flow of cool air to be heated with the interior cavity 150 of the collector 60. Opening 98 functions as an outlet opening, allowing the movement of warmed air which has been heated by both thermal contact with the collector plate 72 and/or solar rays passing through the glass cover 62 to move outwardly from the collector 60 for further heating or recirculation back into the house 14. The air flow passage 92 thus extends from the inlet opening 96 at a first upstream-most end, along the cavity 150 to the outlet opening 98 at the other downstream-most end.
One or more retaining straps 11 Oa,1 l Ob (Figure 2) are provided to support both the vertical and lateral sides of the solar collector 60. The retaining straps 110a,110b preferably consist of one inch metal bands which are tacked or secured to the opposing end rails 68a,68b or side rails 66a,66b. The lateral strap 1 lOb optionally may furthermore act as mounting strip to which the upper bights of the air guides 90 are secured. In addition to providing structural integrity, the straps 110a,110b furthermore ensure that the glass panel 62 does not inadvertently slip out of the rabbets 87 formed in the rails 66a,66b,68a,68b with thermal contraction or expansion of the collector frame.
As shown best in Figure 1 where the solar collector assembly 20 includes a pair of solar collectors 60a,60b, the bridging duct 54 is positioned to provide fluid communication from the outlet opening 98 of the upstream collector 60a directly to the inlet opening 96 of the adjacent downstream collector 60b. As will be described, in use of the invention, air flows through the solar collector assembly 20 from the inlet opening 96 of collector 60a, along the serpentine fluid flow path 92, and outwardly therefrom via the outlet opening 98 and bridging duct 54. Air moves from the upstream solar collector 60a into the downstream solar collector 60b via the bridging duct 54 for further warming within the interior cavity 150 of the downstream collector 60b.
Most preferably, the solar collector assembly 20 furthermore is provided with a temperature sensor 120 which is operable to provide thermal temperature readings of the air within the fluid flow passage 92 of one or both collectors 60a,60b. Most preferably, the temperature sensor 120 is positioned adjacent to the uppermost end rail 68b of the collector 60b, spaced towards its outlet opening 98. The applicant has appreciated that in northern environments, positioning of the temperature sensor 120 towards the upper end rails 68a advantageously minimizes the likelihood that the sensor 120 may be covered with snow, lessening the likelihood that false temperature readings may be received.
Optionally, the bottom end rail is furthermore provided with one or more tabular brackets 115 (Figure 2) which project horizontally over a lower edge portion of the glass panel 62. The brackets 115 advantageously act to assist in maintaining the glass panel 62 in the desired position on the upper flanges 68. It is to be appreciated, however, that brackets 115 are not absolutely essential, particularly on the upper end rail 68a as the weight of the glass panel 62 will assist in its maintenance in the desired position.
Optionally, a series of vents (not shown) may be provided through the lowermost end rail 68b. The vents may have a size chosen to provide an over-pressure release in the event of undue air pressure build up within he cavity 150 and/or permit the release of any condensation which may form therein.
In use of the solar heating system 10, during the winter months, the thermostat 16 is used to pre-select desired maximum and minimum house temperatures. When either the interior house temperature exceeds the preset minimum target temperature, or the temperature sensor 120 in the solar collector 60b senses that the air temperature within the cavity 150 has not reached a predetermined threshold temperature of preferably at least 100 F, and more preferably at least 150 F, the air blower fan 36 is maintained in an off configuration. While the blower fan 36 remains switched off, the vent damper 34 seals the cold air inlet 30, preventing air flow past the cold air inlet 30.
If the thermostat 16 falls below the pre-selected minimum target temperature and the temperature sensor 120 continues to indicate that the air temperature within the solar collector cavity 150 has not yet achieved the selected threshold temperature, the thermostat 16 is configured to actuate the conventional heating system 18 (ie. oil or gas fired furnace or electric heat) to provide heat to the house 14.
If the thermostat 16 falls below the pre-selected target temperature, and the temperature sensor 120 indicates that air in the cavity 150 exceeds the threshold temperature, the blower fan 36 is activated. With the activation of the blower fan 36, air is drawn inwardly into the system via the cold air intake duct 26. The air travels via inlet 30 through the inlet duct 26 and into cavity 150 of the first solar collector 60a via its inlet opening 96. As the air travels along the flow passage 92 of the solar collector 60a, it is heated both from above by solar energy, and by the heat of the copper collector 72. As a result, the air is partially heated to a first temperature by the time the air reaches the outlet opening 98 of the solar collector 60a. The partially heated air then moves via bridging duct 54 into the cavity 150 of the downstream collector 60b via its air inlet opening 96. Movement of the air through the serpentine passage 92 of the downstream collector 60b results in further heating of the air, to a preferred temperature of between about 160 F and 240 F.
The heated air is then drawn by the blower fan 36 outwardly through the return air duct 38 and it is returned into the house 14 via the hot air outlet 40. As the heated air moves through the attic 32, any condensation forming in the duct 38 by exposure to cooler attic temperatures will initially puddle within the drip loop 44. The continuous operation of the solar heating system 10 and the movement of warm air through the hot air return 24, acting to evaporate any collected water in the drip loop 44 as the heating system 10 runs.
Towards the evening, if the air temperature within the cavity 150 of collector 60b falls below the pre-selected temperature, as for example, as the sun sets, the temperature sensor 120 is used to deactivate the blower motor 36, effectively returning the home heating system to a conventional mode of operation.
Although the detailed description of the invention describes and illustrates the solar heating system 10 as including a blower fan 36 positioned in the hot air return assembly 24, the invention is not so limited. It is to be appreciated that, if desired, the blower fan 36 could equally be provided in the cold air supply assembly 22. In an altemate arrangement, multiple blower fans could be provided in each or either of the cold air supply 22 and/or hot air return 24.
Although Figure 1 illustrates a solar heating system 10 which incorporates two solar collectors 60a,60b, the invention is not so limited. It is to be appreciated that in alternate configurations the solar heating system 10 could incorporate a solar collection assembly 20 which consists of only one, or alternately three or more solar collectors 60, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Although the detailed description describes the use of a generally planar copper plate as being used as the solar collector 72, the invention is not so limited. Other types of solar collectors will also become apparent and will include metal panels made of steel, gold foil or other metals having applied thereto a reflective or mat finish. In addition, heat absorbing collector panels or plates having raised elements for facilitating thermal heat transfer from the collector plate to air flowing therepast may also be used.
Although the detailed description of the embodiment describes and illustrates various preferred aspects, the invention is not so limited. Many modifications and variations will now occur to persons skilled in the art. For a definition of the invention, reference may be had to the appended claims.
Preferably, the frame has an interior depth of between about 5 to 40 cm, and more preferably about 10 to 20 cm.
The upper portion of the frame is covered with a suitable glazing or glass sheet which is selected to trap the sun's energy and heat within the frame interior. The bottom of the frame is closed and most preferably lined with the heat-absorbing collector plate. The collector plate may have numerous possible shapes and profiles, but most preferably comprises a substantially flat sheet of steel, aluminum, copper or other heat-absorbing nletal. A series of longitudinally extending dividers are positioned in a spaced, generally staggered arrangement within the frame interior and define the sides of one or more fluid flow paths therein. Preferably, the dividers extend vertically upwardly from the collector plate substantially to the covering glass or glazing, so as to delineate a single, serpentinely extending air flow path along the interior of the frame. Air inlet and outlet openings are provided towards opposing respective ends of the flow path. The inlet and outlet openings are sized to permit air movement into and from the interior of the collector frame in the operation of the solar heating system.
Optionally, a layer of insulation, such as fibreglass, polystyrene or therrnofoil encapsulated insulation is provided below the heat absorbing collector plate.
The insulating layer advantageously minimizes both the cooling of the solar collector interior from below and the thermal transmission of heat from the frame interior to the underlying building roof or support surface.
In a most preferred construction, the collector plate is engaged along part of one or more of its longitudinal sides or ends by one or more overlapping, resiliently deformable flanges. The flanges are biased into resilient compressive contact against the upper surface of collector plate and assist in maintaining the collector plate in a desired position within the frame. The compressive force of the flanges advantageously assists in maintaining the position of the collector plate within the collector against movement with thermal expansion and/or contraction.
In a simplified construction, the flange may comprise an elongated metal flange which is secured, adhered, laminated, or otherwise integrally formed with the side and/or end walls of the frame.
In assembly of the solar heating system, an air intake duct is provided in fluid communication with the inlet opening of a first upstream-most solar collector.
The air intake duct may be positioned so as to supply a volume of fresh, outside air into the interior of the collector. More preferably, however, the intake duct is configured to supply air from an intake location, such as a cold air return location, located within a site building to be heated, as for example, in a room below collectors, for re-heating and subsequent recirculation thereto. Where multiple collectors are provided, in a most preferred construction the solar collectors are fluidically coupled in a series-type arrangement, with the outlet opening of each upstream-positioned solar collector connected by a bridging air duct to the inlet opening of the next adjacent downstream solar collector. An air outlet duct is connected to the outlet opening of the downstream-most collector, for the return of heated air flow back into the site building.
A blower motor is provided in fluid communication within one or both of the air intake and/or air outlet ducts. The blower motor is selectively operable to blow and/or draw air through the intake duct and into the interior of the solar collector, as an air flow stream. As the air stream moves through the inlet opening, and is drawn along the serpentine flow path towards the outlet opening, the air is heated by solar energy which is trapped in the collector interior by the glazing cover and/or thermal contact and radiant heat provided by the collector plate.
The continued operation of the blower blows and/or draws the heated air outwardly through the outlet opening and into the next downstream-solar collector, and finally returning the heated air to the site building via the air outlet duct.
Accordingly, in one aspect the present invention resides in a solar heat collector comprising a generally rectangular support frame having opposing side and end walls, the side and end walls defining a frame interior therebetween;
a generally planar glass sheet secured towards an upper edge surface of said side and end walls; and a generally planar copper sheet disposed towards a lower edge surface of said side, said copper sheet being separated from said glass sheet by a distance selected at between about 5 and 50 cm, with said glass sheet, said side and end walls and said copper sheet defining an internal cavity, a plurality of dividers disposed in said interior cavity, each of said dividers being positioned in a staggered generally parallel arrangement defining at least one serpentinely extending flow path;
an air inlet opening fluidically coupled to a first end portion of said serpentine air flow paths; and an air inlet opening in fluid communication to a second opposing end of said flow path.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Reference may now be had to the following detailed description, taken together with the accompany Figures in which:
Figure 1 illustrates schematically a hot air solar heating system in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention, in position installed on the roof of a site building;
Figure 2 illustrates schematically a top view of a solar heating collector used in the solar heating system used in Figure 1;
Figure 3a illustrates schematically an enlarged partial cutaway perspective view of the solar collector shown in Figure 2 illustrating the air inlet opening;
Figure 3b illustrates an enlarged cross-sectional view of the solar collector frame sidewall shown in Figure 3a, illustrating the attachment of the covering glass thereto;
Figure 4 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the sidewall of the solar collector shown in Figure 2 taken along lines 4-4;
Figure 5 illustrates schematically an enlarged exploded partial cross-sectional view of the solar collector of Figure 2 taken along lines 5-5; and Figure 6 shows a partial enlarged schematic view illustrating the hot air outlet duct arrangement used in the solar heating system of Figure 1, in the recirculation of heated air back into the site building.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Reference may be had to Figure 1 which illustrates schematically a hot air solar heating system 10 installed in position for heating and recirculating such heated warm air into a house 14. The system 10 includes a solar collector assembly 20 which is typically mounted on the south side of the house roof 15, a cold air supply 22 and a hot air return 24.
As will be described, the assembly 20, air supply 22 and return 24 operate in conjunction with the home thermostat 16 and conventional furnace 18 to provide the warm heating air flow to the interior of the house 14.
As shown best in Figure 1, the cold air supply assembly 22 includes an insulated cold air intake duct 26 which provides fluid flow communication between a cold air inlet 301ocated within the house 14, and the solar collector assembly 20. The air intake duct 26 typically comprises a six inch diameter steel duct which extends from an upstream-most air intake 30, through the house attic 32 to provide an infeed air flow to be heated into the solar collector assembly 20. As will be described, the air intake duct 26 provides a supply of cool air for reheating in the solar collector assembly 20 and subsequent recirculation back into the house 14.
Although not essential, most preferably a vent damper 34 is located immediately downstream from the cold air intake 30. The vent damper 34 is operable to prevent reverse air flow from the collector assembly 20, back into the house 14 via the intake 30, ensuring that air in the cold air duct 36 which may be chilled by cooler attic temperatures, does not flow in a reverse direction back into the house 14.
Figures 1 and 6 show best the hot air return assembly 24 as including an in-line blower fan 36, a return air duct 38, and a hot air diffuser 40 providing a warm air outlet at a desired location within the house 14. The return air duct 38 is also provided as an insulated six inch diameter pipe used to fluidically couple the solar collector assembly 20 and the hot air diffuser 40. By way of non-limiting example, in the two-story house 14 illustrated in Figure 1, the hot air diffuser 40 is preferably located on the ground floor level 50b, with the cold air intake 30 located on the upper floor adjacent the attic 32 as a cold air return, so as to maximize circulatory air flow within the home 14.
Figure 1 shows best the in-line blower motor fan 36 as positioned across the return air duct 38 within the attic 32 for quieter operation. The blower fan 36 is selected with a sufficient size and horsepower to circulate a desired volume of air through the solar heating system 10, in the downstream direction of arrows 100 (Figure 1) via the cold air supply assembly 22, solar collector assembly 20, and hot air return assembly 24. As will be described, the blower fan 36 is electrically coupled to the thermostat 16 so as to be selectively activated and/or deactivated thereby when the interior house temperature falls below or exceeds pre-selected threshold minimum and maximum temperatures.
As shown best in Figure 6, although not essential, the return air duct 38 most preferably includes a downwardly extending generally U-shaped bend which functions as a drip trap or loop 44. The drip loop 44 is preferably formed in a part of the air duct 38 at a location within the attic 32 immediately upstream of the portion of the return air duct 38 which passes through the heated upper and lower house floors 50a,50b. Most preferably, the portion of the return air duct 38 which travels through the attic 32 and which is upstream of the drip loop 44 is preferably sloped along its length in the downstream direction, to as to direct any water and/or condensation forming therein to flow towards the loop 44. The applicant has appreciated that as reheated air moves from the solar collector assembly 20 towards the diffuser 40, the warmed air first travels along the return air duct 38 through unheated attic 32 space. Cooler temperatures of the attic 32 may result in the condensation of water vapour within air duct 38. The drip loop 44 advantageously acts to serve as a collection point for water 48 and condensation, preventing it from travelling outwardly from the diffuser 40 and into the house 14.
Furthermore, the continued operation of the system 10 and the flow of reheated air along the interior of the return air duct 38 results in the subsequent evaporation of any water 48 which may initially form in the drip loop 44. It is to be appreciated that the drip loop 44 has a size and orientation selected such that any water 48 which collects therein, does not substantially interfere with air flow along the return air duct 38 to the hot air outlet 40.
The solar collector assembly 20 is shown best in Figure 1 as including a bridging duct 54 and a pair of solar collectors 60a,60b, which are most preferably mounted towards the peak of the roof 15. As will be described, the bridging duct 54 consists of a six inch diameter insulated pipe which is positioned within the attic 32, and which provides fluid communication between the interior of upstream-most solar collector 60a and the downstream-most collector 60b.
Each of the solar collectors 60a,60b have the identical construction shown best in Figures 2, 3a, 3b, 4 and 5. In this regard, each solar collector 60 is formed as a generally rectangular frame having a width of between about 1 and 2 metres, a length of between about 1.5 and 3 metres and a height of about 0.1 to 0.25 metres. The solar collectors 60 have an open interior cavity 150 defined by a generally planar, clear glass top cover 62, a bottom panel 64 spaced approximately 15 cm from the cover 62, and longitudinally elongated parallel side rails 66a,66b which are joined at each respective end, by transversely extending end rails 68a,68b.
The bottom panel 64 is shown best in Figure 5 as including an uppermost 0.5 to 3 mm thick heat absorbing copper collection plate 72 beneath which is provided a 2 to 5 cm thick panel of foil wrapped semi-rigid insulation 74. Optionally, the bottom panel 64 may also include a plywood or metal reinforcing backing (not shown) depending upon the desired degree of structural rigidity of the frame which is required. The copper collector plate 72 is formed having a generally planar polished upper surface 76. As shown best in Figures 3a and 5, the semi-rigid insulation panel 74 is positioned directly beneath the copper collection plate 72, with the plate 72 and insulation panel 74 preferably preformed as a single panel sized to snugly fit within the frame between the side rails 66a,66b and end rails 68a,68b. In construction, the bottom panel 64 is secured to the side and/or end rails 66a,66b,68a,68b by screens or other suitable fasteners.
Each of the side rails 66a,66b and end rails 68a,68b have the identical construction and cross-sectional profile to the side rai166b shown in Figure 5. The end rails 68a,68b have a length selected at between about 1.5 and 2 meters and more preferably about 1.25 meters. Each of the side rails 66a,66b have a longitudinal length selected at between about 1.5 and 3 meters and a lateral width which is preferably selected at between about 15 and 20 cm. The side rail 66b is shown best in Figures 3b and 5 as including a wooden, foam or other insulating core 80 which is clad along its inner facing surface with .5 to 2 mm thick aluminum interior facia panel 82. Optionally the rail 66b may furthermore be clad along its exterior surface with a similar aluminunl facia panel (not shown) to provide enhanced durability and a higher quality overall finished appearance.
Figure 5 shows best the interior facia panel 82 used in each of the side and end rails 64a,64b,66a,66b. The interior facia pane182 is provided with a black, baked enamel finish and includes along its respective upper and lower edge, portions a longitudinally extending upper flange 84 and a longitudinally extending bent lower flange 86. In the simplified construction, the flanges 84,86 are delineated from the planar mid portion 88 of the facia panel 82 by bending or fold lines, so as to be integral therewith. The upper and lower flanges 84,86 extend in opposite directions outwardly from the mid portion 88 at oblique angles selected at greater than about 90 and more preferably between about 100 and 145 . The glass top cover 62 and absorber plate 72 are secured respectively in engaging contact with each of the upper and lower flanges 84,86. A
T-shaped rubber seal member 89 may further be provided to assist in providing a fluid-tight seal between the periphery of the glass panel 62 and the rails 66,68. Optionally, the seal member 89 may be configured for complementary placement within a rabbeted recess 87 formed along the upper edge of each of the rails 66,68. As is to be appreciated, in the assembly of the solar collectors 60, the orientation of the upper and lower flanges 84,86 advantageously act respectively to provide a biasing contact force between the top glass cover 62 and copper collector panel 72, to assist in maintaining the cover 62 and collector plate 72 in the desired position against movement with thermal expansion and/or contraction.
Figures 2 and 4 show best the frame cavity 150 as being divided by a plurality of longitudinally extending elongated air guides 90a,90b,90c,90d,90e. In a most simplified construction the air guides 90a-e are formed from a bent piece of planar aluminum or other metal which is bent into an L-shape and secured along its lower edge. More preferably, for improved structurability, each of the air guides 90a,90b,90c,90d,90e is provided as a tightly folded triangular shaped member having 1-3 cm wide base which is screened or otherwise secured to the copper collector plate 72 and/or base panel 64, and which extend upwardly to an uppermost closed bite. The air guides 90 have a height selected so as to substantially extend generally perpendicularly from the copper collector plate 72 to a position either in supporting contact with or marginally spaced from the underside of the glass cover 62. In this configuration, the air guides 90a-e advantageously assist in supporting the glass top cover 62 on the rails 66a,66b,68a,68b and provide additional support and rigidity to the solar collector 60. The air guides 90a,90b,90c,90d,90e preferably each have a longitudinal length which is selected approximately 10 to 30 cm less than the overall length of the side rails 66a,66b. The guides 90a,90b,90c,90d,90e are preferably arranged in an orientation generally parallel to and equally spaced from each other and the side rail 66a,66b. Preferably, the air guides 90 are spaced laterally an approximate distance of between 10 and 20 cm from each other. The air guides 90a-e are furthermore longitudinally staggered relative to each other. In particular, air guides 90b,90d are longitudinally offset relative to the next adjacent air guides 90a,90c,90e. In this configuration, air guides 90a,90c,90d are provided in substantially abutting contact with the uppermost positioned end rail 68a, with the air guides 90b,90d provided in abutting contact with the lowern-iost positioned end rail 68b. With this configuration, the air guides 90a,90b,90c,90d,90e define a single serpentinely extending air flow passage 92 along the interior cavity 150 of each solar collector 60.
Figures 2 and 3a show best a pair of six inch diameter circular openings 96,98 formed through the bottom panel 64 of the collector 60. he openings 96,98 extend through each of the copper collector plate 72 and the insulation panel 74 adjacent the uppermost positioned end rail 68a. As will be described, the opening 96 operates as an inlet opening allowing the flow of cool air to be heated with the interior cavity 150 of the collector 60. Opening 98 functions as an outlet opening, allowing the movement of warmed air which has been heated by both thermal contact with the collector plate 72 and/or solar rays passing through the glass cover 62 to move outwardly from the collector 60 for further heating or recirculation back into the house 14. The air flow passage 92 thus extends from the inlet opening 96 at a first upstream-most end, along the cavity 150 to the outlet opening 98 at the other downstream-most end.
One or more retaining straps 11 Oa,1 l Ob (Figure 2) are provided to support both the vertical and lateral sides of the solar collector 60. The retaining straps 110a,110b preferably consist of one inch metal bands which are tacked or secured to the opposing end rails 68a,68b or side rails 66a,66b. The lateral strap 1 lOb optionally may furthermore act as mounting strip to which the upper bights of the air guides 90 are secured. In addition to providing structural integrity, the straps 110a,110b furthermore ensure that the glass panel 62 does not inadvertently slip out of the rabbets 87 formed in the rails 66a,66b,68a,68b with thermal contraction or expansion of the collector frame.
As shown best in Figure 1 where the solar collector assembly 20 includes a pair of solar collectors 60a,60b, the bridging duct 54 is positioned to provide fluid communication from the outlet opening 98 of the upstream collector 60a directly to the inlet opening 96 of the adjacent downstream collector 60b. As will be described, in use of the invention, air flows through the solar collector assembly 20 from the inlet opening 96 of collector 60a, along the serpentine fluid flow path 92, and outwardly therefrom via the outlet opening 98 and bridging duct 54. Air moves from the upstream solar collector 60a into the downstream solar collector 60b via the bridging duct 54 for further warming within the interior cavity 150 of the downstream collector 60b.
Most preferably, the solar collector assembly 20 furthermore is provided with a temperature sensor 120 which is operable to provide thermal temperature readings of the air within the fluid flow passage 92 of one or both collectors 60a,60b. Most preferably, the temperature sensor 120 is positioned adjacent to the uppermost end rail 68b of the collector 60b, spaced towards its outlet opening 98. The applicant has appreciated that in northern environments, positioning of the temperature sensor 120 towards the upper end rails 68a advantageously minimizes the likelihood that the sensor 120 may be covered with snow, lessening the likelihood that false temperature readings may be received.
Optionally, the bottom end rail is furthermore provided with one or more tabular brackets 115 (Figure 2) which project horizontally over a lower edge portion of the glass panel 62. The brackets 115 advantageously act to assist in maintaining the glass panel 62 in the desired position on the upper flanges 68. It is to be appreciated, however, that brackets 115 are not absolutely essential, particularly on the upper end rail 68a as the weight of the glass panel 62 will assist in its maintenance in the desired position.
Optionally, a series of vents (not shown) may be provided through the lowermost end rail 68b. The vents may have a size chosen to provide an over-pressure release in the event of undue air pressure build up within he cavity 150 and/or permit the release of any condensation which may form therein.
In use of the solar heating system 10, during the winter months, the thermostat 16 is used to pre-select desired maximum and minimum house temperatures. When either the interior house temperature exceeds the preset minimum target temperature, or the temperature sensor 120 in the solar collector 60b senses that the air temperature within the cavity 150 has not reached a predetermined threshold temperature of preferably at least 100 F, and more preferably at least 150 F, the air blower fan 36 is maintained in an off configuration. While the blower fan 36 remains switched off, the vent damper 34 seals the cold air inlet 30, preventing air flow past the cold air inlet 30.
If the thermostat 16 falls below the pre-selected minimum target temperature and the temperature sensor 120 continues to indicate that the air temperature within the solar collector cavity 150 has not yet achieved the selected threshold temperature, the thermostat 16 is configured to actuate the conventional heating system 18 (ie. oil or gas fired furnace or electric heat) to provide heat to the house 14.
If the thermostat 16 falls below the pre-selected target temperature, and the temperature sensor 120 indicates that air in the cavity 150 exceeds the threshold temperature, the blower fan 36 is activated. With the activation of the blower fan 36, air is drawn inwardly into the system via the cold air intake duct 26. The air travels via inlet 30 through the inlet duct 26 and into cavity 150 of the first solar collector 60a via its inlet opening 96. As the air travels along the flow passage 92 of the solar collector 60a, it is heated both from above by solar energy, and by the heat of the copper collector 72. As a result, the air is partially heated to a first temperature by the time the air reaches the outlet opening 98 of the solar collector 60a. The partially heated air then moves via bridging duct 54 into the cavity 150 of the downstream collector 60b via its air inlet opening 96. Movement of the air through the serpentine passage 92 of the downstream collector 60b results in further heating of the air, to a preferred temperature of between about 160 F and 240 F.
The heated air is then drawn by the blower fan 36 outwardly through the return air duct 38 and it is returned into the house 14 via the hot air outlet 40. As the heated air moves through the attic 32, any condensation forming in the duct 38 by exposure to cooler attic temperatures will initially puddle within the drip loop 44. The continuous operation of the solar heating system 10 and the movement of warm air through the hot air return 24, acting to evaporate any collected water in the drip loop 44 as the heating system 10 runs.
Towards the evening, if the air temperature within the cavity 150 of collector 60b falls below the pre-selected temperature, as for example, as the sun sets, the temperature sensor 120 is used to deactivate the blower motor 36, effectively returning the home heating system to a conventional mode of operation.
Although the detailed description of the invention describes and illustrates the solar heating system 10 as including a blower fan 36 positioned in the hot air return assembly 24, the invention is not so limited. It is to be appreciated that, if desired, the blower fan 36 could equally be provided in the cold air supply assembly 22. In an altemate arrangement, multiple blower fans could be provided in each or either of the cold air supply 22 and/or hot air return 24.
Although Figure 1 illustrates a solar heating system 10 which incorporates two solar collectors 60a,60b, the invention is not so limited. It is to be appreciated that in alternate configurations the solar heating system 10 could incorporate a solar collection assembly 20 which consists of only one, or alternately three or more solar collectors 60, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Although the detailed description describes the use of a generally planar copper plate as being used as the solar collector 72, the invention is not so limited. Other types of solar collectors will also become apparent and will include metal panels made of steel, gold foil or other metals having applied thereto a reflective or mat finish. In addition, heat absorbing collector panels or plates having raised elements for facilitating thermal heat transfer from the collector plate to air flowing therepast may also be used.
Although the detailed description of the embodiment describes and illustrates various preferred aspects, the invention is not so limited. Many modifications and variations will now occur to persons skilled in the art. For a definition of the invention, reference may be had to the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A solar heat collector comprising a generally rectangular support frame having opposing side and end walls, the side and end walls defining a frame interior therebetween;
a generally planar glass sheet secured towards an upper edge surface of said side and end walls; and a generally planar copper sheet disposed towards a lower edge surface of said side, said copper sheet being separated from said glass sheet by a distance selected at between about 5 and 50 cm, with said glass sheet, said side and end walls and said copper sheet defining an internal cavity, a plurality of dividers disposed in said interior cavity, each of said dividers being positioned in a staggered generally parallel arrangement defining at least one serpentinely extending flow path;
an air inlet opening fluidically coupled to a first end portion of said serpentine air flow paths; and an air inlet opening in fluid communication to a second opposing end of said flow path.
a generally planar glass sheet secured towards an upper edge surface of said side and end walls; and a generally planar copper sheet disposed towards a lower edge surface of said side, said copper sheet being separated from said glass sheet by a distance selected at between about 5 and 50 cm, with said glass sheet, said side and end walls and said copper sheet defining an internal cavity, a plurality of dividers disposed in said interior cavity, each of said dividers being positioned in a staggered generally parallel arrangement defining at least one serpentinely extending flow path;
an air inlet opening fluidically coupled to a first end portion of said serpentine air flow paths; and an air inlet opening in fluid communication to a second opposing end of said flow path.
2. A solar heat collector as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a backing layer of material extending across a rear surface of said frame, said back layer substantially spanning said cavity and being spaced rearwardly from said generally planar copper sheet.
3. A solar heat collector as claimed in claim 2 wherein the backing layer comprises a layer of thermally insulating material.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002546825A CA2546825A1 (en) | 2006-05-15 | 2006-05-15 | Hot air solar heating system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002546825A CA2546825A1 (en) | 2006-05-15 | 2006-05-15 | Hot air solar heating system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2546825A1 true CA2546825A1 (en) | 2007-11-15 |
Family
ID=38686895
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002546825A Abandoned CA2546825A1 (en) | 2006-05-15 | 2006-05-15 | Hot air solar heating system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2546825A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102778063A (en) * | 2012-07-20 | 2012-11-14 | 陈银轩 | Solar collecting fin combination for heat collecting disc |
| CN102774909A (en) * | 2012-07-20 | 2012-11-14 | 陈银轩 | Heat collector for water ejection separator |
| WO2014054954A3 (en) * | 2012-10-02 | 2014-11-06 | Coulter Grace | Solar air heating / cooling system |
-
2006
- 2006-05-15 CA CA002546825A patent/CA2546825A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102778063A (en) * | 2012-07-20 | 2012-11-14 | 陈银轩 | Solar collecting fin combination for heat collecting disc |
| CN102774909A (en) * | 2012-07-20 | 2012-11-14 | 陈银轩 | Heat collector for water ejection separator |
| WO2014054954A3 (en) * | 2012-10-02 | 2014-11-06 | Coulter Grace | Solar air heating / cooling system |
| JP2016500801A (en) * | 2012-10-02 | 2016-01-14 | コールター，グレイス | Solar air heating / cooling system |
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