CA2496696A1

CA2496696A1 - Succinic acid semi-amides as anti-corrosive agents

Info

Publication number: CA2496696A1
Application number: CA002496696A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Hugo Camenzind; Peter Haenggi
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: BASF Schweiz AG
Priority date: 2002-09-19
Filing date: 2003-09-11
Publication date: 2004-04-01
Anticipated expiration: 2023-09-11
Also published as: CN1681772A; WO2004026811A3; BR0314307A; CA2496696C; US20090221458A1; AU2003273857A1; KR20050046781A; MY146609A; EP1539677A2; JP4538795B2; CN1308292C; JP2005539120A; AU2003273857B2; WO2004026811A2; MXPA05002726A; US20050267003A1; TW200413285A; TWI330627B

Abstract

The invention relates to improved compositions based on lubricants and comprising succinic acid semi-amides and to the use of those lubricant compositions in improving the use properties of lubricants, such as hydraulic or metal-working fluids, greases, gear oils or engine oils.

Description

Succinic acid semi-amides as anti-corrosive agents The present invention relates to compositions comprising succinic acid semi-amides and to the use of those compositions in improving the use properties of lubricants, such as hydraulic or metal-working fluids, greases, gear oils or engine oils.
Additives that have to fulfil demanding tasks, such as a high load-bearing capacity, protection against wear and corrosion, and antioxidant action, are added to lubricants.
In addition, the properties of lubricants should not be modified disadvantageously in the presence of con-taminants. Often, in mineral oil industry enterprises, oils are admixed with commercially avai-lable additive concentrates or "packages". Contamination with water, calcium detergents and residues of other lubricants may occur during the mixing process. As a result, the action of the additive components with respect to corrosion is reduced, for example owing to formation of hydrolysis products and precipitation of poorly soluble calcium residues, the latter being especially disadvantageous because they block filter systems.
The present invention relates to the problem of producing lubricant compositions that provide improved protection against corrosion, combined with good compatibility with calcium ions.
U.S. Patent Specification 4 462 918 discloses lubricant compositions providing protection against wear and corrosion, which comprise a component of the N-acyl-N-alkylaminosuccinic acid ester type (aspartic acid esters, aspartates).
U. S. Patent Specification 5 275 749 discloses lubricant compositions providing protection against wear and corrosion, which comprise a component of the N-acyl-N-alkoxyalkylamino-succinic acid ester type.
It has now been found, surprisingly, that succinic acid semi-amides, which are obtainable by reacting succinic acid anhydride with ~3-amino acid derivatives, improve the corrosion protec-tion in lubricant compositions whilst at the same time the formation of precipitation products and residues is reduced.
The invention relates to compositions comprising a) At least one compound of formula R~~N~X

O
O~Y'' Wherein R~ is a substituent selected from the group consisting of C1-Czzalkyl, Cz-Czzalkyl sub-stituted by hydroxy, Cz-Czzalkyl interrupted by -C(=O)-, -O-C(=O)- or by -NRa C(=O)-, C3-Czzalkyl interrupted by -O-, -S-, -NRa , -C(=O)-O- or by -C(=O)-NRa , wherein Ra denotes hydrogen or C~-Czzalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, 1- or 2-phenylethyl, 2-phenoxyethyl, furfuryl, 1-naphthyl, 1-naphthylmethyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexylmethyl, and isobornyl;
Rz and R3 are hydrogen, or one of Rz and R3 is hydrogen and the other is methyl; and X is carboxy or carboxylate and Y+ is a salt-forming cation suitable for lubricant com-positions; or X is derivatised carboxy selected from the group consisting of cyano, carboxy esteri-fied by C,-Czzalkyl, carboxy esterified by hydroxy-Cz-Czzalkyl, carboxy esterified by Cz-Czzalkyl interrupted by -C(=O)-, -C(=O)-O- or by -C(=O)-NRa , carboxy esterified by C3-Czzalkyl interrupted by -O-, -S-, -NRa , -O-C(=O)- or by -NRa (C=O)-, wherein Ra denotes hydrogen or C1-Czzalkyl, carboxy esterified by phenyl, benzyl, 1-or 2-phenylethyl, 2-phenoxyethyl, furfuryl, 1-naphthyl, 1-naphthylmethyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexylmethyl, isobornyl, and carbamoyl of the partial formula O~~
-R
~Nv R
Wherein Rb and R~ are each independently of the other hydrogen, Ci-Czzalkyl or 2-hydroxyethyl, or Rb and R~ together are Cz-C8alkylene, Cz-C8alkenylene, Cz-C8alkadienylene or Cz-Cealkylene, Cz-Cealkenylene or Cz-Caalkadienylene inter-rupted by -O- or by -NRa with Ra being as defined; and Y+ is a hydrogen ion or is a salt-forming cation suitable for lubricant compositions; and b) A base oil of lubricating viscosity.
The compounds (I) have excellent corrosion-inhibiting action combined with good compatibil-ity with calcium ions, which may be present in lubricants especially as constituents of deter-gents.
A preferred embodiment relates to compositions comprising a) At least one compound (I), wherein R, is a substituent selected from the group consisting of C,-C22alkyl, CZ-C22alkyl substi-tuted by hydroxy, C2-C2zalkyl interrupted by -C(=O)-, -O-C(=O)- or by -NRa C(=O)-, C3-C22alkyl interrupted by -O-, -S-, -NRa , -C(=O)-O- or by -C(=O)-NRa , wherein Ra de-notes hydrogen or C,-C2Zalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, 1- or 2-phenylethyl, 2-phenoxyethyl, furfuryl, 1-naphthyl, 1-naphthylmethyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexylmethyl and isobornyl;
R2 and R3 are hydrogen, or one of R2 and R3 is hydrogen and the other is methyl;
X is derivatised carboxy selected from the group consisting of cyano, carboxy esterified by C,-C22alkyl, carboxy esterified by hydroxy-C2-C22alkyl, carboxy esterified by C2-C22alkyl interrupted by -C(=O)-, -C(=O)-O- or by -C(=O)-NRa , carboxy esterified by C3-C22alkyl interrupted by -O-, -S-, -NRa , -O-C(=O)- or by -NRa (C=O)-, wherein Ra de-notes hydrogen or C,-C22alkyl, carboxy esterified by phenyl, benzyl, 1- or 2-phenylethyl, 2-phenoxyethyl, furfuryl, 1-naphthyl, 1-naphthylmethyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexylmethyl, isobornyl, and carbamoyl of the partial formula (A), wherein Rb and R~ are each inde-pendently of the other hydrogen, C,-C22alkyl or 2-hydroxyethyl, or Rb and R~
together are C2-C$alkylene, C2-CBalkenylene, Cz-C8alkadienylene or C2-Csalkylene, C2-CBalk-enylene or C2-CBalkadienylene interrupted by -O- or by -NRa , Ra being as defined; and Y+ is a hydrogen ion or is a salt-forming cation suitable for lubricant compositions; and b) A base oil of lubricating viscosity.
An especially preferred embodiment corresponds to the following compositions comprising a) At least one compound (I), wherein R, is a substituent selected from the group consisting of C,-C22alkyl, C2-C22alkyl inter-rupted by -C(=O)- or by -O-C(=O)-, C3-C22alkyl interrupted by -O- , -S- or by -C(=O)-O-, phenyl and benzyl;
R2 and R3 are hydrogen;
X is derivatised carboxy selected from the group consisting of cyano, carboxy esterified by C,-C22alkyl, carboxy esterified by hydroxy-CZ-C22alkyl, carboxy esterified by C2-C22alkyl interrupted by -C(=O)- or by -C(=O)-O-, carboxy esterified by C3-CZZalkyl interrupted by -O-, -S- or by -O-C(=O)-, and carbamoyl of the partial formula (A) defined as heterocyclylcarbonyl; and Y+ is a hydrogen ion, ammonium, (C,-C4alkyl),_4ammonium or (2-hydroxyethyl),_4-ammonium; and b) A base oil of lubricating viscosity.

A very especially preferred embodiment relates to compositions comprising a) At least one compound (I), wherein Ri is a substituent selected from the group consisting of C~-C22alkyl, C3-C22alkyl inter-rupted by -O-, phenyl, and benzyl;
R2 and R3 are hydrogen;
X is derivatised carboxy selected from the group consisting of cyano, carboxy esterified by C,-C2zalkyl, carboxy esterified by C3-CZZalkyl interrupted by -O-, and carbamoyl of the partial formula (A) defined as piperidinocarbonyl, piperazinylcarbonyl or morpholi-nocarbonyl; and Y+ is a hydrogen ion, ammonium, (C,-C4alkyl)i.~ammonium or (2-hydroxyethyl)1_a-ammonium; and b) A base oil of lubricating viscosity.
A likewise very especially preferred embodiment relates to compositions comprising a) At least one compound (I), wherein Ri is a substituent selected from the group consisting of Ci-ClBalkyl, C3-ClBalkyl interrupted by -O-, phenyl, and benzyl;
R2 and R3 are hydrogen;
X is carboxy and Y is ammonium, (Ci-C4alkyl)~.~ammonium or (2-hydroxyethyl)1_a-ammonium; or X is carboxylate or derivatised carboxy selected from the group consisting of cyano, car boxy esterified by C1-ClBalkyl, carboxy esterified by C3-Ci8alkyl interrupted by -O-, and morpholinocarbamoyl; and Y+ is hydrogen, ammonium, (C~-C4alkyl)i.~ammonium or (2-hydroxyethyl)i~ammonium; and b) A base oil of lubricating viscosity.
The compounds (I) are prepared in a manner known per se, for example by addition of a primary amine R1-NH2 to an acrylic acid derivative:
R2~X
H R3 (X = carboxy, carboxylate or derivatised carboxy) (Addition of amines to a,~3-unsaturated carbonyl compounds) to form a ~3-amino acid deriva-tive:

R1'N X
I
H R

s Which is acylated with a reactive, functional derivative of succinic acid, for example succinic anhydride or succinic acid monochloride.
DE-A-2 054 649 describes the addition of primary amines to acrylic acid esters and the sub-sequent reaction with succinic anhydride. The compounds described therein can be used, inter alia, as textile adjuvants.
The terms and general designations used in the description of the present invention are pref-erably defined as follows:
Component a) Compounds (I) R1 and Ra defined as Ci-C22alkyl include saturated, unbranched or, where possible, bran-ched hydrocarbon groups, especially Ci-C9alkyl, e.g. methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, neopentyl, isopentyl, n-hexyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1-methylpentyl, 1,3-di-methylbutyl, n-heptyl, 3-heptyl, 1-methylhexyl, isoheptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 1,1,3,3-tetra-methylbutyl, 1-methylheptyl, n-nonyl or 1,1,3-trimethylhexyl, and also Cio-C22alkyl, especially straight-chain Cio-C22alkyl, e.g. n-decyl, n-dodecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-hexadecyl or n-octadecyl or branched Cio-C22alkyl, e.g. 1,1,3-trimethylhexyl, 1-methylundecyl, 2-n-butyl-n-octyl, isotridecyl, 2-n-hexyl-n-decyl or 2-n-octyl-n-dodecyl, or higher homologues thereof.
R1 defined as C2-C22alkyl substituted by hydroxy includes saturated, unbranched hydrocar-bon groups having preferably from 2 to 9 carbon atoms, e.g. 2-hydroxyethyl or 2- or 3-hy-droxypropyl.
Ri defined as C2-C22alkyl interrupted by -C(=O)-, -O-C(=O)- or by -NRa C(=O)-includes un-branched or branched hydrocarbon groups preferably having from 2 to 9 carbon atoms, e.g.
acetonyl, acetoxycarbonylmethyl, 2-acetoxycarbonylethyl, 2-tert-butoxycarbonylethyl or N,N-diethylcarbamoyl.
R1 defined as C3-C22alkyl interrupted by -O-, -S-, -NRa , -C(=O)-O- or by -C(=O)-NRa in-cludes unbranched or branched hydrocarbon groups preferably having from 3 to 18 carbon atoms, e.g. 2-methoxyethyl, 2- or 3-methoxypropyl, 2-, 3- or 4-methoxybutyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 2- or 3-ethoxypropyl, 2-, 3- or 4-ethoxybutyl, 2-n-propoxyethyl, 2- or 3-n-propoxypropyl, 2-, 3-or 4-n-propoxybutyl, 2-isopropoxyethyl, 2- or 3-isopropoxypropyl, 2-, 3- or 4-isopropoxybutyl, 2-n-butoxyethyl, 2- or 3-n-butoxypropyl, 2-, 3- or 4-n-butoxybutyl, 2-tert-butoxyethyl, 2- or 3-tert-butoxypropyl, 2-, 3- or 4-tert-butoxybutyl, 2-methylthioethyl, 2- or 3-methylthiopropyl, 2-ethylthioethyl, 2-dimethylaminoethyl, 2- or 3-dimethylaminopropyl, 2-diethylaminoethyl, 2- or 3-diethylaminopropyl, 2-acetoxyethyl or 2-(N-acetoxy-N-methyl)-ethyl.
In compounds (I), R2 and R3 are hydrogen, or one of R2 and R3 is hydrogen and the other is methyl. Preferably, R2 and R3 are hydrogen.
When X in compounds (I) is carboxy or carboxylate [-C(=O)-O'], Y+ is a salt-forming cation suitable for lubricant compositions, e.g. ammonium, tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammo-nium or 2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium. There is present only one carboxy group in sub-stantially undissociated form [-C(=O)-OH] or in salt form [-C(=O)-O'], e.g.
with ammonium ions, e.g. ammonium, tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium or 2-hydroxyethyl-trimethylammonium.
In a preferred embodiment, X is derivatised carboxy or unsubstituted or substituted car-bamoyl as defined hereinbelow. Y+ is then a hydrogen ion or a salt-forming cation suitable for lubricant compositions.
X defined as carboxy esterified by C1-C22alkyl is, for example, a carboxy group which is es-terified by the Ci-CZZalkyl groups defined hereinabove for R,, e.g. saturated, unbranched or, where possible, branched hydrocarbon groups, e.g. methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, neopentyl, isopentyl, n-hexyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1-methylpentyl, 1,3-dimethyl-butyl, n-heptyl, 3-heptyl, 1-methylhexyl, isoheptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-butyl, 1-methylheptyl, n-nonyl or 1,1,3-trimethylhexyl, and also by Cio-C22alkyl, especially straight-chain Cio-C22alkyl, e. g. n-decyl, n-dodecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-hexadecyl or n-octadecyl.
X defined as carboxy esterified by hydroxy-C2-C22alkyl is, for example, a carboxy group that is esterified by hydroxy-C2-C22alkyl defined hereinabove for Ri, e.g. 2-hydroxyethoxy-carbonyl or 2- or 3-hydroxypropoxycarbonyl.
X defined as carboxy esterified by C2-C22alkyl interrupted by -C(=O)-, -C(=O)-O- or by -C(=O)-NRa is, for example, a carboxy group esterified by CZ-C22alkyl, defined hereinabove for R1, interrupted by -C(=O)-, -C(=O)-O- or -C(=O)-NRa , e.g.
acetonyloxycarbonyl, acetoxy-carbonylmethoxycarbonyl or 2-acetoxycarbonylethoxycarbonyl.
X defined as carboxy esterified by C3-C22alkyl interrupted by -O-, -S-, -NRa , -O-C(=O)- or by -NRa (C=O)- is, for example, a carboxy group esterified by C3-C22alkyl (defined hereinabove for R1) interrupted by -O-, -S-, -NRa-, -O-C(=O)- or by -NRa (C=O)-, e.g. 2-methoxyethoxy-carbonyl, 2- or 3-methoxypropoxycarbonyl, 2-, 3- or 4-methoxybutoxycarbonyl, 2-ethoxyeth-oxycarbonyl, 2- or 3-ethoxypropoxycarbonyl, 2-, 3- or 4-ethoxybutoxycarbonyl, 2-methylthio-ethoxycarbonyl, 2- or 3-methylthiopropoxycarbonyl, 2-ethylthioethoxycarbonyl, _7-2-dimethylaminoethoxycarbonyl, 2- or 3-dimethylaminopropoxycarbonyl, 2-diethylamino-ethoxycarbonyl, 2- or 3-diethylaminopropoxycarbonyl, 2-acetoxyethoxycarbonyl or 2-(N-acetoxy-N-methyl)-ethoxycarbonyl.
X defined as carbamoyl of the partial formula A is, for example, carbamoyl, dimethyl- or di-ethyl-carbamoyl. In addition, Rb and R~ may be linked to one another by C2-Caalkylene, e.g.
1,4-n-butylene or 1,5-n-pentylene, by CZ-CBalkenylene, e.g. 2-butenylene, or by C2-CBalka-dienylene, e.g. 1,3-butadienylene and, together with -N<, form a heterocycle which may, in turn, contain further hetero atoms, e.g. N or O. In that case, the partial formula A corre-sponds to a heterocyclylcarbonyl substituent, e.g. piperidinocarbonyl, piperazinylcarbonyl or morpholinocarbonyl.
In the compounds (I) described hereinabove, the sum of the carbon atoms present in R1 and X is preferably greater than ten.
The definition used for Y+, "a salt-forming cation suitable for lubricant compositions", includes those cations of salt-formers that together with the carboxylate group form metal salts suit-able for lubricant compositions, e.g. alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, zinc (Zn2+) or copper (Cu2+) salts, e.g. sodium, potassium, calcium, zinc2+ or Cu2+ ions.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the definition used for Y+, "a salt-forming cation suitable for lubricant compositions", is understood to mean those cations of salt-formers that together with the carboxylate group form suitable, non-metallic salts, e.g.
ammonium, (C1-C22alkyl),~ammonium or (2-hydroxyethyl)1_4ammonium, e.g.
tetramethylammonium, tet-raethylammonium or 2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium.
The compounds (I) are readily soluble in oils and can be admixed with a base oil of lubricat-ing viscosity, e.g. a lubricant, in a manner known per se.
Component b) Base oil The definition "base oil of lubricating viscosity" includes, for example, lubricants that can be used for hydraulic or metal-working fluids, greases, gear oils or engine oils.
Suitable lubricants are based, for example, on mineral or synthetic oils or mixtures thereof.
The person skilled in the art will be familiar with the lubricants, which are described in the relevant technical literature, for example in Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants; Mortier, R. M. and Orszulik, S. T. (Edifors); 1992 Blackie and Son Ltd. for GB, VCH-Publishers N. Y, for U. S., ISBN 0-216-92921-0, see pages 208 ff and 269 ff; in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Fourth Edition 1969, J. Wiley & Sons, New York, VoG 13, page 533 ff (Hydraulic Fluids); Performance Tesfing of Hydraulic Fluids; R. Tourret and E.P. Wright, Hy-den & Son Ltd. GB, on behalf of The Institute of Petroleum London, ISBN D
85501 317 6;

_g-Ullmann's Encyclopaedia of Ind. Chem., Fifth Completely Revised Edition, Verlag Chemie, DE-liVeinheim, VCH-Publishers for U.S., Vol. A 15, page 423 ff (Lubricants), Vol. A 13, page 165 ff (Hydraulic Fluids).
The lubricants are especially oils and greases, for example based on mineral oil or vegetable and animal oils, greases, tallow and wax or mixtures thereof. Vegetable and animal oils, greases, tallow and wax are, for example, palm-kernel oil, palm oil, olive oil, rapeseed oil, rape oil, linseed oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower oil, coconut oil, maize oil, castor oil, tree nut oil and mixtures thereof, fish oils, and their chemically modified forms, for exam-ple epoxidised and sulphoxidised forms, or forms produced by genetic engineering, for example soybean oil produced by genetic engineering.
Examples of synthetic lubricants include lubricants based on aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid esters, polymeric esters, polyalkylene oxides, phosphoric acid esters, poly-c~olefins or silicones, diesters of a divalent acid with a monohydric alc~hol, such as, for example, dioctyl sebacate or dinonyl adipate, triesters of trimethylolpropane with a monovalent acid or with a mixture of such acids, such as, for example, trimethylolpropane tripelargonate, trimethylol-propane tricaprylate or mixtures thereof, tetraesters of pentaerythritol with a monovalent acid or with a mixture of such acids, such as, for example, pentaerythritol tetracaprylate, or com-plex esters of monovalent and divalent acids with polyhydric alcohols, for example a complex ester of trimethylolpropane with caprylic and sebacic acid, or a mixture thereof. Apart from mineral oils there are especially suitable, for example, poly-a-olefins, ester-based lubricants, phosphates, glycols, polyglycols and polyalkylene glycols, and also mixtures thereof with water.
An organic or inorganic thickener can also be added to the mentioned lubricants or mixtures thereof (base grease). Metal-working fluids and hydraulic fluids can be prepared on the basis of the same substances as described hereinabove for the lubricants. Such fluids are fre-quently also emulsions of such substances in water or other liquids.
The compositions advantageously contain from 0.005 to 10.0 % by weight, preferably from 0.01 to 5.0 °l° by weight, especially from 0.01 to 0.9 % by weight, of compounds (I).
The compositions are used, for example, in hydraulic or metal-working fluids, greases, gear oils, or oils for engines of the Otto, diesel, two-stroke, Wankel or orbital type.
The mentioned lubricants may additionally comprise other additives that are added in order to improve their basic properties still further; such additives include:
antioxidants, metal de-activators, rust inhibitors, viscosity index improvers, pour-point depressants, dispersants, detergents, extreme-pressure additives, anti-wear additives and friction reducers. Such addi-_g_ tives are added in the customary amounts in each case, in the range of about from 0.01 to 10.0 % by weight of each. The following are examples of further additives:
Phenolic antioxidants 1-Alkvlated monoahenols: 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2-butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-isobutyl-phenol, 2,6-dicyclopentyl-4-methylphenol, 2-(a-methylcyclohexyl)-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-dioctadecyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-tricyclohexylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxymethyl-phenol, linear nonylphenols or nonylphenols branched in the side-chain, e.g.
2,6-dinonyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methylundec-1'-yl)-phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methyl-heptadec-1'-yl)-phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methyltridec-1'-yl)-phenol and mixtures thereof.
2. Alkylthiometh r~l phenols: 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-tert-butylphenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-methylphenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-ethylphenol, 2,6-didodecylthiomethyl-4-nonylphenol.
3. Hydroauinones and alk lay ted hydroauinones: 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone, 2,6-diphenyl-4-octadecyloxyphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hy-droxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl stearate, bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl) adipate.
4. Tocoaherols: a-, [i-, 'y or b-tocopherols and mixtures thereof (vitamin E).
5. Hydroxylated thiodiahenyl ethers: 2,2'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-thiobis(4-octylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-2-methyl-phenol), 4,4'-thiobis(3,6-di-sec-amylphenol), 4,4'-bis(2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) disulphide.
6. Alkylidene bisphenols: 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylene-bis(6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis[4-methyl-6-(a-methylcyclohexyl)phenol], 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(6-nonyl-4-methylphe-nol), 2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylidenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylidenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(6-(a-methylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 2,2'-methylenebis[6-(a,a-dimethylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 4,4'-methylene-bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 1,1-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)butane, 2,6-bis(3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-4-methylphenol, 1,1,3-tris(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)butane, 1,1-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-3-n-dodecylmercaptobutane, ethylene glycol bis(3,3-bis(3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)butyrate], bis(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)dicyclopentadiene, bis[2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylbenzyl)-6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl] terephthalate, 1,1-bis(3,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)butane, 2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(5-tart-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-4-n-dodecylmercaptobutane, 1,1,5,5-tetra(5-tart-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)pentane.

7. O-. N- and S-benzyl compounds: 3,5,3',5'-tetra-tart-butyl-4,4'-dihydroxydibenzyl ether, octadecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzyl mercaptoacetate, tridecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl mercaptoacetate, tris(3,5-di-tart-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)amine, bis(4-tart-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl) dithioterephthalate, bis(3,5-di-tart-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulphide, isooctyl-3,5-di-tart-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl mercaptoacetate.

8. Hvdrox rb~ylated malonates: dioctadecyl 2,2-bis(3,5-di-tart-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)malo-nate, dioctadecyl 2-(3-tart-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)malonate, didodecylmercap-toethyl 2,2-bis(3,5-di-tart-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonate, di-[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbu-tyl)phenyl] 2,2-bis(3,5-di-tart-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonate.

9. Hvdroxybenzyl aromatic compounds: 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tart-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene, 1,4-bis(3,5-di-tart-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tart-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)phenol.

10. Triazine compounds: 2,4-bisoctylmercapto-6-(3,5-di-tart-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1,3,5-.
triazine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tart-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-octyl-mercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tart-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,2,3-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tart-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) iso-cyanurate, 1,3,5-tris(4-tart-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl) isocyanurate, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tart-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tart-butyl-4-hy-droxyphenylpropionyl)hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxyben-zyl) isocyanurate.

11. Acylaminophenols: 4-hydroxylauric acid anilide, 4-hydroxystearic acid anilide, N-(3,5-di-tart-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)carbamic acid octyl ester.

12. Esters of beta-(3,5-di-tart-butyl-4-hydro phenyl propionic acid with mono-or poly-hydric alcohols, for example with methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, isooctanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hex-anediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxalic acid diamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethyl-hexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicy-clo[2.2.2]octane.

13. Esters of beta-(5-tart-but~rl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphen~ propionic acid (with mono- or poly-hydric alcohols): with methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, isooctanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexane-diol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene gly-col, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxalic acid diamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethyl-hexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]oc-tane.

14. Esters of beta-(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl~aroaionic acid with mono-or poly-hy-dric alcohols, e.g. with the alcohols mentioned under 13..

15. Esters of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid with mono- or poly-hydric alcohols, e.g. with the alcohols mentioned under 13..

16. Amides of beta-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydrox rpwllaroaionic acid, for example N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hexamethylenediamine, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)trimethylenediamine, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenylpropionyl)hydrazine.
Amine-type antioxidants N,N'-Di-isopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1,4-dimethylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1-ethyl-3-methylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1-methylheptyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-dicyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-di(2-naphthyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1-me-thylheptyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-cyclohexyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, 4-(p-toluenesulphonamido)-diphenylamine, N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, diphenylamine, N-allyldiphenylamine, 4-isopropoxydiphenylamine, N-phenyl-1-naphthyl-amine, N-(4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-naphthylamine, N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine, octylated di-phenylamine, for example p,p'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine, 4-n-butylaminophenol, 4-butyryl-aminophenol, 4-nonanoylaminophenol, 4-dodecanoylaminophenol, 4-octadecanoylamino-phenol, di(4-methoxyphenyl)amine, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-dimethylaminomethylphenol, 2,4'-dia-minodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-4,4'-diaminodi-phenylmethane, 1,2-di[(2-methylphenyl)amino]ethane, 1,2-di(phenylamino)propane, (o-tolyl)-biguanide, di[4-(1',3'-dimethylbutyl)phenylJamine, tert-octylated N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, mixture of mono- and di-alkylated tert-butyl-/tert-octyl-diphenylamines, mixture of mono- and di-alkylated nonyldiphenylamines, mixture of mono- and di-alkylated dodecyldiphenylamines, mixture of mono- and di-alkylated isopropyl-/isohexyl-diphenylamines, mixtures of mono- and di-alkylated tert-butyldiphenylamines, 2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-4H-1,4-benzothiazine, phe-nothiazine, mixture of mono- and di-alkylated tert-butyl-/tert-octyl-phenothiazines, mixture of mono- and di-alkylated tert-octylphenothiazines, N-allylphenothiazine, N,N,N',N'-tetraphenyl-1,4-diaminobut-2-ene, N,N-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-yl-hexamethylenediamine, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, 2,2,6,6-tetramethypiperidin-4-one, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol.
Further antioxidants Ascorbic acid (vitamin C), aliphatic or aromatic phosphites, esters of thiodipropionic acid or thiodiacetic acid, or salts of dithiocarbamic or dithiophosphoric acid, 2,2,12,12-tetramethyl-5,9-dihydroxy-3,7,11-trithiatridecane and 2,2,15,15-tetramethyl-5,12-dihydroxy-3,7,10,14-tetrathiahexadecane.
Metal deactivators, for example for copper 1- Benzotriazoles and derivatives thereof: 2-mercaptobenzotriazole, 2,5-dimercaptobenzo-triazole, 4- or 5-alkylbenzotriazoles (e.g, tolutriazole) and derivatives thereof, 4,5,6,7-tet-rahydrobenzotriazole, 5,5'-methylene-bisbenzotriazole; Mannich bases of benzotriazole or tolutriazole, such as 1-[di(2-ethylhexyl)aminomethyl]tolutriazole and 1-[di(2-ethylhexyl)-aminomethyl]benzotriazole; alkoxyalkylbenzotriazoles, such as 1-(nonyloxymethyl)ben-zotriazole, 1-(1-butoxyethyl)benzotriazole and 1-(1-cyclohexyloxybutyl)tolutriazole.
2. 1.2.4-Triazoles and derivatives thereof: 3-alkyl- (or aryl-)1,2,4-triazoles, Mannich bases of 1,2,4-triazoles, such as 1-[di(2-ethylhexyl)aminomethyl]-1,2,4-triazole;
alkoxyalkyl-1,2,4-triazoles, such as 1-(1-butoxyethyl)-1,2,4-triazole; acylated 3-amino-1,2,4-triazoles.
3. Imidazole derivatives: 4,4'-methylenebis(2-undecyl-5-methylimidazole);
bis[(N-methyl)-imidazol-2-yl]carbinol-octyl ether.
4. Sulphur-containing heterocyclic compounds: 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 2,5-dimercaptobenzothiadiazole and derivatives thereof; 3,5-bis[di(2-ethylhexyl)aminomethyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazolin-2-one.
5. Amino compounds: salicylidene-propylenediamine, salicylaminoguanidine and salts thereof.
Rust inhibitors 1. Organic acids, their esters, metal salts, amine salts and anhydrides: alkyl-and alkenyl-succinic acids and their partial esters with alcohols, diols or hydroxycarboxylic acids, par-tial amides of alkyl- and alkenyl-succinic acids, 4-nonylphenoxyacetic acid, alkoxy- and alkoxyethoxy-carboxylic acids, such as dodecyloxyacetic acid, dodecyloxy(ethoxy)acetic acid and amine salts thereof, and also N-oleoyl-sarcosine, sorbitan monooleate, lead naphthenate, alkenylsuccinic acid anhydrides, e.g. dodecenylsuccinic acid anhydride, 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-1-dodecyl-3-methylglycerol and salts thereof, especially sodium and triethanolamine salts thereof.

2. Nitrogen-containinq compounds:
2.1. Tertiary aliphatic or cycloaliphatic amines and amine salts of organic and inorganic acids, e.g. oil-soluble alkylammonium carboxylates, and also 1-[N,N-bis(2-hy-droxyethyl)amino]-3-(4-nonylphenoxy)propan-2-ol.
2.2. Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. substituted imidazolines and oxazolines, e.g. 2-hepta-decenyl-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-imidazoline.
3. Sulphur-containing compounds: barium dinonylnaphthalenesulphonates, calcium petroleum sulphonates, alkylthio-substituted aliphatic carboxylic acids, esters of aliphatic 2-sulphocarboxylic acids and salts thereof.
Extreme pressure and anti-wear additives Sulphur-containing and halogen-containing compounds, for example, chlorinated paraffins, sulphurated olefins or vegetable oils (soybean/rapeseed oil), alkyl- or aryl-di- or -tri-sulph-ides, benzotriazoles or derivatives thereof such as bis(2-ethylhexyl)aminomethyltolutriazole, dithiocarbamates such as methylene-bis-dibutyldithiocarbamate, derivatives of 2-mercapto-benzothiazole such as 1-[N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)aminomethyl]-2-mercapto-1H-1,3-benzothia-zole, derivatives of 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole such as 2,5-bis(tert-nonyldithio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole.
Friction coefficient reducing agents Lard oil, oleic acid, tallow, rapeseed oil, sulphurated fats, amines. Further examples are given in EP-A-0 565 487.
Further additives 1. Viscosity index improvers: polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, vinylpyrrolidone/methacrylate copolymers, polyvinylpyrrolidones, polybutenes, olefin copolymers, styrene/acrylate co polymers, polyethers.
2. Pour-point depressants: poly(meth)acrylates, ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer, alkyl-polystyrenes, fumarate copolymers, alkylated naphthalene derivatives.
3. Dispersants/surfactants: polybutenylsuccinic acid amides or imides, polybutenylphos-phonic acid derivatives, basic magnesium, calcium and barium sulphonates and phe-nolates.
Special additives For use in water/oil metal-working fluids and hydraulic fluids 1. Emulsifiers: petroleum sulphonates, amines, such as polyoxyethylated fatty amines, non-ionic surface-active substances;

2. Buffers: alkanolamines;
3. Biocides: triazines, thiazolinones, tris-nitromethane, morpholine, sodium pyridenethiol;
4. Processing speed improvers: calcium and barium sulphonates.
The mentioned ingredients are added to the composition using customary mixing methods in a manner known per se. It is also possible, using the compounds (I) or mixtures thereof and, optionally, further additives, to prepare a concentrate or so-called additive package, which is diluted, as required for use, to a concentration for use in the lubricant in question. The com-position of the components in the concentrate is such that the concentrate is liquid at room temperature without further addition of component b) or a solvent.
The present invention relates also to a concentrate comprising a) at least one compound (I) wherein Ri, R2, R3, X and Y are as defined, optionally further additives, and b) a base oil of lubricating viscosity.
The invention relates also to a method of improving the use properties of lubricants, which comprises adding to the lubricants a composition comprising at least one compound (I) wherein R1, R2, R3, X and Y are as defined.
The following Examples illustrate the invention:
Examples Temperatures are given in °C; h: hour(s); min.: minutes; m.p.: melting point; drying in vacuo (100°C, about. 0.05 mbar) Synthesis Examples Example '1 N-(2-n-Butoxycarbonylethyl)-N-(n-octadecyl)-succinic acid monoamide O O
n-octadecyl-NHZ + ~O-(n-butyl) ~ n-octadecyl-H~O-(n-butyl) o O
n-octadecyl~N~O-(n-butyl) o O
O
OH
1.1 14.1 g (0.110 mol) of acrylic acid n-butyl ester are added drop wise, at 60°C, over the course of 10 min., to 28.4 g (0.100 mol) of n-octadecylamine and the clear reaction mixture is stirred at 100° for 2 h; the cooled crude product is dissolved in 100 ml of hexane, filtered and washed twice with 50 ml of water. The organic phase is concen-trated by evaporation in a rotary evaporator, the residue is dried in vacuo and 40.0 g of a clear, colourless, medium-viscosity oil are obtained.
1.2 3.1 g (0.030 mol) of succinic anhydride are added to 11.9 g (0.030 mol) of the resulting intermediate product, and the clear reaction solution is stirred at 100° for 1 h. The cooled crude product is dissolved in 100 ml of hexane, filtered and washed twice with 40 ml of water. The hexane solution is concentrated by evaporation in a rotary evapo-rator and the residue is dried in vacuo. 13.7 g (92 % of theory) of a clear yellow oil, which crystallises on standing are obtained.
M.p.: 50-52°C; elemental analysis: 70.24 % C (calc. 69.98), 10.91 % H
(calc. 11.14), 2.80 % N (calc. 2.81 ).
Example 2 ~3-n-Butox p~yl)-N-(2-n-dodecyloxycarbon~h~)-succinic acid monoamide O
3-(n-butoxy)-propyl-NH2 + ~ ~ O
~O-(n-dodecyl) 3-(n-butoxy)-propyl~N~O- n-dodec I
H ( y) o O
3-(n-butoxy)-propyl~N~O- n-dodec I
o ( Y) O' O
OH
2.1 26.7 g (0.10 mol) of acrylic acid n-dodecyl ester are added drop wise, over the course of 20 min., to 13.3 g (0.100 mol) of 3-n-butoxypropylamine and the reaction mixture is stirred at 100° for 2 h; the cooled crude product is dried in vacuo and 37.0 g of a clear, colourless, low-viscosity oil are obtained.
2.2 4.2 g (0.040 mol) of succinic anhydride are added to 14.9 g (0.040 mol) of the resulting intermediate product and the reaction mixture is stirred for 2 h; the cooled crude prod-uct is dissolved in 100 ml of hexane, filtered and washed three times with 30 ml of wa-ter. The hexane solution is concentrated by evaporation in a rotary evaporator, the re-maining product is dried in vacuo and 18.0 g (95 % of theory) of a clear yellow oil of medium viscosity are obtained.
np2° 1.4670; elemental analysis: 66.85 % C (calc. 66.21 ), 10.54 % H
(calc. 10.47), 2.72 % N (calc. 2.97).

np2° 1,4670; elemental analysis: 66.85 % C (calc. 66.21 ), 10.54 % H
(calc. 10.47), 2.72 % N (calc. 2.97).
Example 3 N-(2-Morpholinocarbon I~yl)-N-(n-octadecyl)-succinic acid monoamide oleyl-NH2 + ~ /~ ~ O
~N~ oleyl~

0 oleyI~N~N~
~O
O' O
H
3.1 5.8 g (0.040 mol) of 4-acryloylmorpholine are added drop wise, at 60°, over the course of 10 min., to 10.7 g (0.040 mol) of oleylamine (Armeen00), the reaction mixture is stirred at 100° for 1 h and the cooled crude product is dried in vacuo.
16.0 g of a clear, light-yellow, low-viscosity oil are obtained.
3.2 4.1 g (0.040 mol) of succinic anhydride are added to 16 g (0.040 mol) of the resulting intermediate product, the reaction solution is stirred at 100° for 1 h and the cooled crude product is shaken with 200 ml of hexane and 100 ml of brine (NaCI-saturated).
The middle phase of the three phases is washed a further three times using 30 ml of brine each time and is dissolved in 100 ml of toluene, filtered and concentrated by evaporation in a rotary evaporator; the remaining product is dried in vacuo.
15.6 g (77 % of theory) of a clear yellow oil which becomes turbid on cooling are obtained.
Elemental analysis: 68.24 % C (calc. 68.47), 10.23 % H (calc. 10.30), 5.34 % N
(calc.
5.51 ).
Example 4 The following compounds (I) can be prepared analogously to Examples 1-3:

R~~N X

O RZ, R3, Y: H
OY

Table 1 Ex. R, X Yield Appearance Analysis [found [% (cal-of culated)]
theory]

4.1 oleyl -C(=O)-O-(n-butyl)99 clear, light-yellow,70.79 % C (70.26) medium-viscosity10.58 % H (10.78) oil npz 1.4761 2.82 % N (2.83) 4.2 oleyl -C(=O)-O-methyl 93 clear, yellow,69.97 % C (70.08) vis-cous oil 10.40 % H (10.44) zo np 1.4804 3.10 % N (3.10) 4.3 oleyl -C(=O)-O(CHz)z-O-ethyl96 clear, yellow,69.02 % C (68.07) me-dium-viscosity10.50 % H (10.44) oil zo no 1.4768 2.77 % N (2.74) 4.4 oleyl -C(=O)-O-(isobutyl)77 clear, yellow,70.04 % C (70.26) me-dium-viscosity10.76 % H (10.78) oil zo np 1.4748 2.80 l N (2.83) 4.5 oleyl -C(=O)-O-ethyl 69 clear, yellow,68.85 % C (69.34) me-dium-viscosity10.50 % H (10.56) oil npz 1.4769 2.97 % N (2.99) 4.6 isotridecyl-C(=O)-O-(n-butyl)90 clear, light-yellow,67.56 % C (67.41 ) viscous oil 10.59 % H (10.61) zo no 1.4711 3.35 % N (3.28) 4.7 isotridecyl-C(=O)-O-(isobutyl)87 clear, light-yellow,67.63 % C (67.41 ) viscous oil 10.66 % H (10.61) zo np 1.4709 3.36 % N (3.28) 4.8 n-butyl -C(=O)-O-oleyl 95 clear, yellow,70.80 % C (70.26) me-dium-viscosity10.79 % H (10.78) oil zo no 1.4752 2.56 % N (2.83) 4.9 n-dodecyl-C(=O)-O-ethyl 82 clear, light-yellow,65.78 % C (65.42) medium-viscositylp,3g l H (10.20) oil npz 1.4706 3.72 % N (3.63) 4.10 oleyl Nitrite 87 clear, light-yellow,72.13 % C (71.39) viscous oil 10.73 % H (10.54) zo no 1.4783 6.23 % N (6.66) 4.11 n-octyl -C(=O)-O-oleyl 97 clear, yellow,72.04 % C (71.69) vis-cous oil 11.05 % H (11.30) zo np 1.4745 2.41 % N (2.53) 4.12 oleyl -C(=O)-O-(CHz)zOH59 clear, light-yellow,66.92 % C (67.05) viscous oil 9.99 % H (10.21) n~z 1.4855 2.86 % N (2.90) 4.13 oleyl -C(=O)-NHz 82 clear, yellow,68.10 % C (68.45) vis-cous oil 10.44 % H (10.57) zo np 1.4745 6.26 % N (6.39) Table 1 (ctd.) Ex. R~ X Yield Appearance Analysis [found [% (cal-of culated)]
theory]

4.14 coconut -C(=O)-O-(n-butyl)87 clear, light-yellow,67.68 % C (67.73) oil amine viscous oil 10.50 % H (10.18) (C~z mix) no2 1.4701 3.31 % N (3.29) 4.15 n-butoxy-pro--C(=O)-O-oleyl 97 clear, yellow,69.75 % C (69.40) me-pyl dium-viscosity10.66 % H (10.74) oil zo n~ 1.4744 2.40 % N (2.53) 4.16 Ca-C~oalkyl--C(=O)-O-(n-butyl)95 clear, yellow,63.72 % C
me-O(CH2)a dium-viscosity10.00 % H
oil noz 1.4680 3,1 g % N

4.17 isodecyl--C(=O)-O-(n-butyl)96 clear, yellow,64.75 % C (64.98) me-O(CH2)s dium-viscosity10.11 % H (10.22) oil zo no 1 . 3,14 % N (3.16) 4.18 2-ethylhexyl-C(=O)-O-(n-dodecyl)96 clear, light-yellow,69.60 % C
(69.04) medium-viscosity10.69 % H (10.94) oil no2 1,4684 2.67 % N (2.98) 4.19 methoxy- -C(=O)-O-(n-dodecyl)98 wax-like solid64.99 % C (64.31 ) propyl 10.14 % H (10.09) 2.91 % N (3.26) 4.20 CB-C~oalk-nitrite 97 clear, yellow,63.62 % C (64.38) me-O(CH2)a dium-viscosity9.61 % H (9.67) oil no 1.4731 7,6g % N (7.90) 4.21 benzyl -C(=O)-O-(n-dodecyl)97 wax-like solid70.02 % C (69.77) 8.99 % H (9.23) 3.10 % N (3.13) 4.22 oleyl -C(=O)-O-cyclohexyl98 clear, yellow,71,35% C (71,36) me-dium-viscosity10,12% H (10.62) oil no2 1,4864 2,72% N (2,68) 4.23 oleyl -C(=O)-O-(CH2)2-O-98 clear, yellow,71,20% C (70,81 me- ) phenyl dium-viscosityg,57% H (9,54) oil np 1,5025 2,43% N (2,50) 4.24 oley) -C(=O)-O-(CHz)z-O-94 clear, yellow,67,82% C (67.43) me-methyl dium-viscosity10,26% H (10.51 oil ) no 1,4791 2,85% N (2,81) 4.25 oleyl -C(=O)-O-(CH2)2-O-94 clear, yellow,66.55% C (67.54) me-(CH2)2-O-ethyl dium-viscosity10,55% H (10.34) oil zo np 1,4771 2,51 % N (2,52) 4.26 benzyl -C(=O)-O-dodecyl98 yellowish, wax-like solid Table 1 (ctd.) 4.27 2-ethylhexyl-C(=O)-O-dodecyl96 clear, yellow,69,60% C (69,04) me-dium-viscosity10,69% H (10,94) oil np 1,4684 2.67% N (2,98) 4.28 n-butyl -C(=O)-O-i-decyl91 clear, yellow,65,24% C (65,42) me-dium-viscosity10,20% H (10,20) oil no 1,4708 3,43% N (3,63) 4.29 methyl-O--C(=O)-O-dodecyl99 yellowish, 64,99% C (64,31) wax-like (CHz)a solid 10,14% H (10,09) 2,91 % N (3,26) 4.30 ethyl-O- -C(=O)-O-dodecyl95 clear, yellow,65.25% C (64.98) me-(CHz)a dium-viscosity10,28% H (10,22) oil np2 1,4681 2,85% N (3,16) 4.31 ethyl-O- -C(=O)-O-oleyl 95 clear, yellowish,69,09% C (68,53) (CH2)a medium-viscosity10,76% H (10,54) oil np2 1,4755 2,57% N (2.66) 4.32 i-propyl-O--C(=0)-O-oleyl 96 clear, yellow,68,19% C (68,98) me-(CH2)a dium-viscosity10,09% H (10,64) oil no 1,4741 2,55% N (2,59) 4.33 i-decyl-O--C(=O)-O-n-butyl96 clear, yellow,64,75% C (64,98) me-(CH2)s dium-viscosity10,11% H (10,22) oil no 1,4699 3,14% N (3,16) 4.34 i-decyl-O--C(=O)-O-i-butyl95 clear, yellow,64,87% C (64,98) me-(CH2)s dium-viscosity10,38% H (10,22) oil np 1,4696 3,25% N (3,16) 4.35 octadecyl-O--C(=O)-O-i-butyl96 clear, yellow,66,76% C (67,30) me-(CHz)a dium-viscosity10,72% H (10,69) oil no 1,4682 2,91 % N (2.80) 4.36 oleyl -C(=O)-N(CH2)s 94 clear, yellow,70,76% C (71,10) me-dium-viscosity10,98% H (10,74) oil no 1,4985 5,24% N (5,53) Application Examples Example 5 Testing of corrosion protection properties (of active ingredient-containing industrial, circulat-ing. turbine and hydraulic oils) according to ASTM D 665 (= DIN 51585) 300 ml of formulated oil are mixed with 30 ml of synthetic seawater by stirring for 24 h at 60°
whilst simultaneously immersing a steel round-section bar.
After being in contact for that period, the steel bar is subjected to a visual corrosion test.
Each test is carried out in duplicate. The base formulation is based on a mineral oil of speci-fication SN VG46, which has been stabilised using antioxidants and metal deactivators. The active ingredients under test are used in a concentration of 0.1 mmol/kg (corresponding to 0.03 - 0.06 % by weight or 300 - 600 ppm). See Table 2 for results.
~ 0: no corrosion ~ 1: light corrosion (< 6 corrosion sites less than 1 mm in diameter) ~ 2: moderate corrosion (< 5 % of the surface corroded) ~ 3: heavy corrosion (> 5 % of the surface corroded) Example 6 Testing for filterability in the presence of calcium ions 0.3 g of distilled water and 30 ppm of calcium in the form of a calcium detergent (6.9 % Ca) are added to 300 g of the test formulation. The mixture is homogenised in a four-blade mixer at the maximum speed of rotation for 5 min.. The emulsion is stored for 96 hours at 70°C
(+/- 2°C) and then for a further 48 hours at room temperature in the dark. If precipitation is observed, the test is stopped. Before filtration, the test mixture is homogenised again by shaking vigorously for one minute. It is then filtered through a 0.8 N
Millipore0 filter (type AAWP 04700) using compressed air at 1 bar (+/- 0.05 bar) positive pressure.
The times re-quired to filter 50, 100, 200 and 300 ml of test mixture are measured. The filtration index FI is calculated, as the mean of two measurements, in accordance with the following formula (see AFNOR NFE 48-691):
FI = (t3oomi - t2oomi)/ 2 (t100m1 - t50m1) FI =1 means that no resistance is built up at the filter.
FI < 2 is the requirement for passing the test.
In the event of the filter becoming blocked, a note is made after 60 min. of the volume of oil filtered up until then.

Table 2 Example Degree of corrosion,Filterability according to in the pres-ASTM D 665 ence of Ca2+

Filtration index FI

Base formulation 3 / 3 1.25 2 . 0 / 0 1.20 3 O / 0 1.25 4.1 0 / 0 1.13 4.2 O/0 1.11 4.3 0 / 0 1.05 4.4 1 / 1 1.05 4.5 0 / 1 1.1 4.6 1 / 0 4.7 0/0 4.8 0 ! 0 1.05 4.9 0/0 4.10 0 / 0 1.05 4.11 1 / 1 4.12 1 / 1 4.13 1 / 1 1.20 4.14 1 / 0 4.15 0/0

Claims

1. A composition comprising a) At least one compound of formula Wherein R1 is a substituent selected from the group consisting of C1-C22alkyl, C2-C22alkyl substituted by hydroxy, C2-C22alkyl interrupted by -C(=O)-, -O-C(=O)- or by -NR a-C(=O)-, C3-C22alkyl interrupted by -O-, -S-, -NR a-, -C(=O)-O- or by -C(=O)-NR a-, wherein R a denotes hydrogen or C1-C22alkyl, phenyl, benzyl, 1-or

2-phenylethyl, 2-phenoxyethyl, furfuryl, 1-naphthyl, 1-naphthylmethyl, cyclo-hexyl, cyclohexylmethyl and isobornyl;
R2 and R3 are hydrogen, or one of R2 and R3 is hydrogen and the other is methyl;
and X is carboxy or carboxylate and Y+ is a salt-forming cation suitable for lubricant compositions; or X is derivatised carboxy selected from the group consisting of cyano, carboxy esterified by C1-C22alkyl, carboxy esterified by hydroxy-C2-C22alkyl, carboxy es-terified by C2-C22alkyl interrupted by -C(=O)-, -C(=O)-O- or by -C(=O)-NR a-, carboxy esterified by C3-C22alkyl interrupted by -O-, -S-, -NR a-, -O-C(=O)-or by -NR a-(C=O)-, wherein R a denotes hydrogen or C1-C22alkyl, carboxy esterified by phenyl, benzyl, 1- or 2-phenylethyl, 2-phenoxyethyl, furfuryl, 1-naphthyl, 1-naphthylmethyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexylmethyl, isobornyl, and carbamoyl of the partial formula Wherein Rb and Rc are each independently of the other hydrogen, C1-C22alkyl or 2-hydroxyethyl, or Rb and Rc together are C2-C8alkylene, C2-C8alkenylene, CZ-CBalkadienylene or C2-C8alkylene, C2-C8alkenylene or C2-C8alkadienylene interrupted by -O- or by -NRa , with Ra being as defined; and Y+ is a hydrogen ion or is a salt-forming cation suitable for lubricant compositions;
and b) A base oil of lubricating viscosity.
2. A composition according to claim 1, comprising a) At least one compound (I), wherein R1 is a substituent selected from the group consisting of C1-C22alkyl, C2-C22alkyl substituted by hydroxy, C2-C22alkyl interrupted by -C(=O)-, -O-C(=O)- or by -NRa C(=O)-, C3-C22alkyl interrupted by -O-, -S-, -NRa , -C(=O)-O- or by -C(=O)-NRa , wherein Ra denotes hydrogen or C1-C22alkyl, phenyl, benzyl, 1- or 2-phenylethyl, 2-phenoxyethyl, furfuryl, 1-naphthyl, 1-naphthylmethyl, cyclo-hexyl, cyclohexylmethyl, and isobornyl;
R2 and R3 are hydrogen, or one of R2 and R3 is hydrogen and the other is methyl;
X is derivatised carboxy selected from the group consisting of cyano, carboxy esterified by C1-C22alkyl, carboxy esterified by hydroxy-C2-C22alkyl, carboxy es-terified by C2-C22alkyl interrupted by -C(=O)-, -C(=O)-O- or by -C(=O)-NRa-, car-boxy esterified by C3-C22alkyl interrupted by -O-, -S-, -NRa , -O-C(=O)- or by -NRa (C=O)-, wherein Ra denotes hydrogen or C1-C22alkyl, carboxy esterified by phenyl, benzyl, 1- or 2-phenylethyl, 2-phenoxyethyl, furfuryl, 1-naphthyl, 1-naphthylmethyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexylmethyl, isobornyl, and carbamoyl of the partial formula (A), wherein Rb and Rc are each independently of the other hy-drogen, C1-C22alkyl, or 2-hydroxyethyl, or Rb and Rc together are C2-C8alkylene, C2-C8alkenylene, C2-C8alkadienylene or C2-C8alkylene, C2-C8alkenylene or C2-C8alkadienylene interrupted by -O- or by -NRa , with Ra being as defined;
and Y+ is a hydrogen ion or is a salt-forming cation suitable for lubricant compositions;
and b) A base oil of lubricating viscosity.

3. A composition according to claim 1, comprising a) At least one compound (I), wherein R1 is a substituent selected from the group consisting of C1-C22alkyl, C2-C22alkyl interrupted by -C(=O)- or by -O-C(=O)-, C3-C22alkyl interrupted by -O-, -S- or by -C(=O)-O-, phenyl and benzyl;
R2 and R3 are hydrogen;
X is derivatised carboxy selected from the group consisting of cyano, carboxy esterified by C1-C22alkyl, carboxy esterified by hydroxy-C2-C22alkyl, carboxy es-terified by C2-C22alkyl interrupted by -C(=O)- or by -C(=O)-O-, carboxy esterified by C3-C22alkyl interrupted by -O-, -S- or by -O-C(=O)-, and carbamoyl of the partial formula (A) defined as heterocyclylcarbonyl; and Y+ is a hydrogen ion, ammonium, (C1-C4alkyl)1-4ammonium or (2-hydroxy-ethyl)1-4ammonium; and b) A base oil of lubricating viscosity.

4. A composition according to claim 1, comprising a) At least one compound (I), wherein R1 is a substituent selected from the group consisting of C3-C22alkyl, C3-C22alkyl interrupted by -O-, phenyl, and benzyl;
R2 and R3 are hydrogen;
X is derivatised carboxy selected from the group consisting of cyano, carboxy esterified by C1-C22alkyl, carboxy esterified by C3-C22alkyl interrupted by -O-, and carbamoyl of the partial formula (A) defined as piperidinocarbonyl, piperaz-inylcarbonyl or morpholinocarbonyl; and Y+ is a hydrogen ion, ammonium, (C1-C4alkyl)1-4ammonium or (2-hydroxyethyl)1-4-ammonium; and b) A base oil of lubricating viscosity.

5. A composition according to claim 1, comprising a) At least one compound (I), wherein R1 is a substituent selected from the group consisting of C1-C18alkyl, C3-C18alkyl interrupted by -O-, phenyl and benzyl;
R2 and R3 are hydrogen;
X is carboxy and Y is ammonium, (C1-C4alkyl)1-4ammonium or (2-hydroxyethyl)1-4-ammonium; or -25-~

X is carboxylate or derivatised carboxy selected from the group consisting of cyano, carboxy esterified by C1-C18alkyl, carboxy esterified by C3-C18alkyl inter-rupted by -O-, and morpholinocarbamoyl; and Y is hydrogen, ammonium, (C1-C4alkyl)1-4ammonium or (2-hydroxyethyl)1-4-ammonium; and b) A base oil of lubricating viscosity.

6. A composition according to claim 1, comprising b) A base oil of lubricating viscosity which is used for hydraulic or metal-working fluids, greases, gear oils or engine oils.

7. A concentrate comprising at least one compound (I) wherein R1, R2, R3, X
and Y are as defined in claim 1.

8. A method of improving the use properties of lubricants, which comprises adding to the lubricants at least one composition according to claim 1.