CA2466498A1 - Electrochemical cell with gas diffusion electrodes - Google Patents
Electrochemical cell with gas diffusion electrodes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2466498A1 CA2466498A1 CA002466498A CA2466498A CA2466498A1 CA 2466498 A1 CA2466498 A1 CA 2466498A1 CA 002466498 A CA002466498 A CA 002466498A CA 2466498 A CA2466498 A CA 2466498A CA 2466498 A1 CA2466498 A1 CA 2466498A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cell
- fed
- gas diffusion
- gas
- planar element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 title claims 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract 20
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 229920001780 ECTFE Polymers 0.000 claims abstract 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 11
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 3
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920009441 perflouroethylene propylene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920011301 perfluoro alkoxyl alkane Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 2
- -1 PTEFE Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/28—Per-compounds
- C25B1/30—Peroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/34—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B13/00—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
- C25B13/04—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
- C25B13/08—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material based on organic materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0232—Metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0239—Organic resins; Organic polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0241—Composites
- H01M8/0245—Composites in the form of layered or coated products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0223—Composites
- H01M8/0228—Composites in the form of layered or coated products
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
A membrane electrolysis cell comprising an anodic compartment and a cathodic compartment is described, wherein at least one of the two compartments contains an electrode fed with gas and a porous planar element is interposed between the membrane and the gas-fed electrode. A flow of chemically aggressive electrolyte crosses the porous planar element downwards under the effect of the gravity force. The planar element consists in a plastic elemen t withstanding the aggressive operative conditions: The use of perfluorinated plastics such as ECTFE, PTEFE, FEP, PFA is preferred, even though they are strongly hydrophobic. When the gas-fed electrode is a cathode and the gas contains oxygen, the gas crosses the cathodic compartment upwardly so as to minimise the risk of hydrogen build up. The cell equipped with the oxygen cathode is particularly advantageous for the sodium chloride electrolysis.</ SDOAB>
Claims (29)
1. A cell suitable for an electrochemical process comprising an anodic compartment containing an anode and a cathodic compartment containing a cathode separated by an ion-exchange membrane, at least one of the two anodic and cathodic compartments containing an assembly consisting in a current distributor connected to the wall of the relative compartment by means of supports, a gas diffusion electrode in contact with the surface of the current distributor and a planar porous element inserted between the membrane and the gas diffusion electrode and fed with at least one liquid reactant percolating in its interior, characterised in that the porous planar element comprises a plastic material selected from the group of high density polyethylene and fluorinated plastics.
2. The cell of claim 1 characterised in that said plastic material has hydrophobic behaviour towards said percolating reactant, with mutual contact angle not lower than 90°.
3. The cell of claim 2 characterised in that said fluorinated plastics are PTFE, ECTFE, PFA, FEP.
4. The cell of the previous claims characterised in that said plastic material is a coating applied to a metallic material.
5. The cell of the previous claims characterised in that the porous planar element comprises at least one component selected from the group of foams, planar meshes consisting in crossing and overlapping of wires, planar meshes of interwoven wires, meshes with controlled profile, mattresses of wire coils, expanded meshes, sintered layers.
6. The cell of the previous claims characterised in that the current distributor consists in a first conductive foil provided with openings overlaid to a second conductive foil provided with openings of smaller dimensions than those of said first foil, and that said second foil is in contact with said gas diffusion electrode.
7. The cell of claim 6 characterised in that said first conductive foil is rigid.
8. The cell of claim 6 characterised in that said first foil and second foil are selected from the group of the expanded meshes, meshes of wires, perforated sheets.
9. The cell of the previous claims characterised in that the current distributor supports are elastic and said current distributor exerts a compression of the gas diffusion electrode and of the porous planar element against the ion-exchange membrane.
10. The cell of the previous claims characterised in that the current distributor is divided in at least two parts.
11. The cell of claim 9 characterised in that said elastic supports comprise a conductive mattress made of coils or undulated sheets.
12. The cell of the previous claims characterised in that only one of the two anodic and cathodic compartments comprises the assembly made of current distributor, gas diffusion electrode and porous planar element, that the current distributor supports are rigid, that the internal pressure of said compartment comprising the assembly made of current distributor, gas diffusion electrode and porous planar element is lower than the pressure of the other compartment and that the membrane compresses said assembly.
13. The cell of the previous claims characterised in that the gas of the gas diffusion electrode is fed to the lower part and that the exhausted gas is discharged from the upper part of said cell.
14. The cell of claim 13 characterised in that said gas fed to the lower part is forced to a zigzag motion by baffles.
15. The cell of claim 14 characterised in that catalytic porous masses are inserted in the flow section of said gas.
16. An electrolyser consisting in a modular arrangement of elementary cells, characterised in that at least one of the cells is a cell of the previous claims.
17. The electrolyser of claim 16 characterised in that the elementary cells are in monopolar electric connection.
18. The electrolyser of claim 16 characterised in that the elementary cells are in bipolar electric connection.
19. An electrochemical process comprising the electrolysis of alkaline halides in a cell of claims 1 to 15.
20. The process of claim 19 characterised in that the cathodic compartment comprises an oxygen-fed gas diffusion cathode and a porous planar element fed with an alkaline hydroxide solution percolating in its interior.
21. The process of claim 20 characterised in that said oxygen is fed at the bottom and discharged from the top.
22. An electrochemical process comprising the production of hydrogen peroxide in a cell of claims 1 to 15.
23. The process of claim 22 characterised in that the cathodic compartment of said cell comprises an oxygen-fed gas diffusion cathode and a porous planar element fed with an alkaline hydroxide solution percolating in its interior.
24. The process of claim 23 characterised in that said oxygen is fed at the bottom and discharged from the top.
25. An electrochemical process comprising the electrolysis of alkaline sulphates in a cell of claims 1 to 15.
26. The process of claim 25 characterised in that the anodic compartment comprises a hydrogen-fed gas diffusion anode and a porous planar element fed with a sulphuric acid solution percolating in its interior, said solution optionally comprising an alkali sulphate.
27. An electrochemical process comprising the generation of electric current in an electrochemical cell of claims 1 to 15.
28. The process of claim 27 characterised in that said cell is an alkaline fuel cell, and that both compartments, anodic and cathodic, contain the assembly made of a current distributor, a gas diffusion electrode and a porous planar element.
29. An electrochemical cell comprising the distinctive features of the description and the figures.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ITMI2001A002379 | 2001-11-12 | ||
| IT2001MI002379A ITMI20012379A1 (en) | 2001-11-12 | 2001-11-12 | ELECTROLYSIS CELL WITH GAS DIFFUSION ELECTRODES |
| PCT/EP2002/012661 WO2003042430A2 (en) | 2001-11-12 | 2002-11-12 | Electrochemical cell with gas diffusion electrodes |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2466498A1 true CA2466498A1 (en) | 2003-05-22 |
| CA2466498C CA2466498C (en) | 2011-07-12 |
Family
ID=11448592
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2466498A Expired - Fee Related CA2466498C (en) | 2001-11-12 | 2002-11-12 | Electrochemical cell with gas diffusion electrodes |
Country Status (18)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7670472B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1446515B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4209777B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100939448B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1303255C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE509143T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2002351989B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR0214015B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2466498C (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2365604T3 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU227835B1 (en) |
| IT (1) | ITMI20012379A1 (en) |
| MA (1) | MA26231A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MXPA04004513A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL209191B1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2303085C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003042430A2 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200403438B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2005028708A3 (en) * | 2003-09-12 | 2005-08-25 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Method for the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride or chloralkali |
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| EP2039806B1 (en) * | 2002-11-27 | 2015-08-19 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation | Bipolar, zero-gap type electrolytic cell |
| DE10333853A1 (en) * | 2003-07-24 | 2005-02-24 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Electrochemical cell |
| DE102004018748A1 (en) | 2004-04-17 | 2005-11-10 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Electrochemical cell |
| WO2010096505A1 (en) * | 2009-02-17 | 2010-08-26 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Apparatus and method for gas capture during electrolysis |
| JP2006219694A (en) | 2005-02-08 | 2006-08-24 | Permelec Electrode Ltd | Gas diffusion electrode |
| JP4834329B2 (en) * | 2005-05-17 | 2011-12-14 | クロリンエンジニアズ株式会社 | Ion exchange membrane electrolytic cell |
| ITMI20060054A1 (en) * | 2006-01-16 | 2007-07-17 | Uhdenora Spa | ELASTIC CURRENT DISTRIBUTOR FOR PERCOLATOR CELLS |
| ITMI20060726A1 (en) * | 2006-04-12 | 2007-10-13 | De Nora Elettrodi S P A | ELECTRIC DIFFUSION ELECTRODE FOR CELLS WITH ELECTROLYTE DISCHARGE |
| WO2008080118A1 (en) | 2006-12-23 | 2008-07-03 | Miox Corporation | Internal flow control in electrolytic cells |
| WO2010002861A1 (en) * | 2008-07-02 | 2010-01-07 | Miox Corporation | Internal flow control in electrolytic cells |
| AU2010216051B2 (en) | 2009-02-17 | 2012-10-11 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Apparatus and method for controlling nucleation during electrolysis |
| US9040012B2 (en) | 2009-02-17 | 2015-05-26 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | System and method for renewable resource production, for example, hydrogen production by microbial electrolysis, fermentation, and/or photosynthesis |
| BRPI1008696A2 (en) * | 2009-02-17 | 2016-03-08 | Mcalister Technologies Llc | electrolytic cell and method for using it. |
| US9067810B2 (en) * | 2009-03-02 | 2015-06-30 | Chester J. Sohn | Electrolytic apparatus for treating ballast water and treatment system using same |
| JP5148780B2 (en) * | 2010-07-13 | 2013-02-20 | クロリンエンジニアズ株式会社 | Electrolyzer for producing chlorine and sodium hydroxide and method for producing chlorine and sodium hydroxide |
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| DE102010062803A1 (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2012-06-14 | Bayer Materialscience Aktiengesellschaft | Method for incorporating oxygen-consuming electrodes into electrochemical cells and electrochemical cells |
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| EP2525430A1 (en) * | 2011-05-19 | 2012-11-21 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Moistening cell with woven support consisting of fluoropolymer |
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| ITMI20111938A1 (en) * | 2011-10-26 | 2013-04-27 | Industrie De Nora Spa | ANODIC COMPARTMENT FOR CELLS FOR ELECTROLYTIC EXTRACTION OF METALS |
| DE102012204040A1 (en) * | 2012-03-15 | 2013-09-19 | Bayer Materialscience Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the electrolysis of alkali chlorides with oxygen-consuming electrodes |
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- 2001-11-12 IT IT2001MI002379A patent/ITMI20012379A1/en unknown
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- 2002-11-12 AU AU2002351989A patent/AU2002351989B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-11-12 MX MXPA04004513A patent/MXPA04004513A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-11-12 CN CNB028224477A patent/CN1303255C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-12 WO PCT/EP2002/012661 patent/WO2003042430A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-11-12 CA CA2466498A patent/CA2466498C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-11-12 US US10/494,476 patent/US7670472B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 2002-11-12 RU RU2004117772/15A patent/RU2303085C2/en active
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2004
- 2004-05-04 MA MA27667A patent/MA26231A1/en unknown
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2005028708A3 (en) * | 2003-09-12 | 2005-08-25 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Method for the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride or chloralkali |
| RU2391448C2 (en) * | 2003-09-12 | 2010-06-10 | Байер Матириальсайенс Аг | Method of electrolysis of aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride or alkaline metal chloride |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20050000798A1 (en) | 2005-01-06 |
| ZA200403438B (en) | 2005-07-27 |
| KR100939448B1 (en) | 2010-01-29 |
| ATE509143T1 (en) | 2011-05-15 |
| CA2466498C (en) | 2011-07-12 |
| RU2004117772A (en) | 2005-04-10 |
| EP1446515A2 (en) | 2004-08-18 |
| BR0214015A (en) | 2004-10-13 |
| MA26231A1 (en) | 2004-07-01 |
| JP2005509744A (en) | 2005-04-14 |
| WO2003042430A3 (en) | 2004-03-11 |
| US7670472B2 (en) | 2010-03-02 |
| RU2303085C2 (en) | 2007-07-20 |
| CN1303255C (en) | 2007-03-07 |
| ES2365604T3 (en) | 2011-10-07 |
| ITMI20012379A1 (en) | 2003-05-12 |
| HU227835B1 (en) | 2012-05-02 |
| AU2002351989B2 (en) | 2007-07-19 |
| HUP0402380A2 (en) | 2005-03-29 |
| KR20050044403A (en) | 2005-05-12 |
| MXPA04004513A (en) | 2004-09-10 |
| BR0214015B1 (en) | 2012-09-18 |
| WO2003042430A2 (en) | 2003-05-22 |
| CN1585836A (en) | 2005-02-23 |
| JP4209777B2 (en) | 2009-01-14 |
| PL209191B1 (en) | 2011-08-31 |
| PL368714A1 (en) | 2005-04-04 |
| EP1446515B1 (en) | 2011-05-11 |
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